co» United States Patent USO1098049082 10 Patent No: US 10,980,490 B2 Jang et al, (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 20,2021 (4) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR (58). Feld of Clasfcation Search EVALUATING PHYSIOLOGICAL AGING CHC», AGI 57275, AOI 50205, AGIB 5/1118; LEVEL N6IB 54857, AGID $7235: GIGI 5030 See application ile fr complete search history. (71) Applicant: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO, TID, Savowsi (&R) o a (72) toventors: Dae-Geun Sang, Yongio-si (KR); Sang SP 5 Joon Kim, Twaseong:si (KR); JongPal ee Kim, Scoul (Ki) Seungehul Jung. 5476432 A 11998 Cosiert a Yongins! (KR) Eki Bie 42c0) bo Ast $0002 (73) Assignee: Samsung Eletronles Co. Ltd, (Continued) Sion! (KR) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (4) Novice: Subject to any disclaimer the em ofthis patel is extended or ajusted under 38. EP ousy at 71984 U.S.C. 154(b) by 748 days P 2881035 AL 62015 (Continues) (21) Appl. Nos 149¥9.947 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) Filed: San. 7,2016, Detain of Cen. Meninn-Webse Diclontry, eeved (65) Prior Publication Data Jim iL, 2019, Rettoved fom Unmet (Year 2019)" US 20160361027 AI Dee. 15, 2016 peti 0) Foreign Application Priority Data Primary Examiner — Gary Jackson Jun. 15,2015 (KR) 10-2015-0084830 sett Examiner — Sebastian X Lujan ata 4) atarnes, gon, oF Fem —NSIP Lave Asi S00 (2001501) ‘sors 520s (200601) on ABSTRACT a) A method of evaluating a physiological aging level includes (3) Us.¢ calculating w complexity coresponding to a change paler cPC AGIB 5/7275 (2013.01): A61B 5/0205 f ne er 0.00 Aging (2013.01; 4618 $2405 (2013.01), OTB S/LB 201301), AGIB 5/4857 (2013.01) AGLB 8/7235 (2013.01), GO6E 19/00 of physiological parame raining an aging evel indicating a physiological change progress of the user bused on the complexity er sensed froma user, and deter (2013.01); G16H $0220 2018.01): 4618 021 (2013.01); 41H 5702125 (2013.01) 32 Cla 200 4:00 6:00 $00 10:00 Getto work & | Seep wn ct [Eat Wakeup, Brace Eat Real-time aging level —Cireadian rhythm 0.00 200 400 600 800 10.00 12 Drawing Sheets 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 24:00 work Gedentay) | Pany |, | | Stop (Gethome Watch TV 12:00 1400 1600 1800 20:00 22:00 2400US 10,980,490 B2 Page 2 Gt) mcr FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Nore s1 canso0) » vost wena dom 'sie——(anoson) pg AiR 2 3am Gtansaso——Gnisony eigen A fam sat ono) Ribas A Gnat 100 nis) mm “saaans 4 Bees lovee uae Ee W8stoge BL "aaone (56) References Cited KR 1O-0768S86 BI 10/2007 US. PATENT DOCUMENTS ER wanilamers & 32011 ER foams A 93012 611596 62° 117008 sn aaimsoxr RE Staplzamiss A bao cose kk Oat By a8 230 §232008 oma at EL oaitonme 8 nsele SSa R388 tet BO WODOSHSSME AL ROEE oo aot sans 20020156392, ‘Arai et a Strom elie ta orig PUBLICATIONS sass OOS orn scos seg tpi Levis ett,"tosot Compe an Aging Poet 2o0s019816 AI 82008 Sn ‘siBS0u pean of Faisal Cos Thy Sexe” ae : GUIS Crm ofthe amrean Medea! can, wt 20% No OW AI 420 Sono Anse eT tee Ol Extended European Search Report dated Nov. 14, 2016 in counter- 209029218 A1* 112009 Mow uetting Secs aes ciel eat acy Mow Spa 8 a8 2W10021459 AL 82010 Bain nn AON SUISSE, nd rl Pselins it om A 22019 in ropporsore ai 10 {facta dimension, The ehaotie dynamic parameter may be a Lyzpunov exponent, a Hurst exponent, or a sealing expo- rent. The [yapunow exponent is a parameter quantifying & ‘dynamical characteristic of information on a phase tajec= ‘ory, in detail, a separation of to close points, for example, to elose states, om the phase trajetory’ aver time after the phase trajectory is implemented from a time series ‘The entropy may be, for example, 2 Shannon entropy (Shannnd), 2 Renyi entropy (RenyiFnd), an approximate entropy (ApEa), a sample entropy (SampEnt), or « Kolm ‘ogorov-Sinai entropy (K). The ApEn is sed to quantify Variance in an unpredictability and regularity of ime series data, “The evaluation apparatus determines an aging level indi cating a physiological change progress ofthe user based on the complexity in operation 320, The evaluation apparatus ‘determines the aging level based on any one or any combi ration of any two oF more ofthe complexity ofthe physic logical parameter, the Variance in the eomplesily, and the relative ratio. In one example, the evaluation apparatos determines the aging level based on a variability of the physiological parameter in addition to any one or any Combination of any two oF more of the complenty of the physiological parameter the variance inthe complexity, ad the relative ratio. The evaluation apparatus determines the aging level, for ‘example, by substituting the complexity into an aging fine tion. For example, the aging faction i linear or non-linear cenation, Atleast one eoerlicient of the aging function is determined using a rezession analysis performed based on the complexity and information related to an age ofthe use, ‘The information related to the age of the user includes, for ‘example, aa actual age of the user, physiological parameters of a plurality of users at an age corresponding to the sets aye ofthe use, and an average aging level determined based ft the physiological parameters of the plrality of users, or the regression analysis a machine Teaming technique, such as a neural network oF & support vector machine (SVM), may be used. In anothor example, a feature vector Js generated from the complexity, the variance in the eom- plexity, and the eatve ato. In this example, coelicients of the aging fiction are determined based on a regression ‘analysis performed based on the feature vector and the information related to the age ofthe use, FIGS. 4 and 4B are diagrams illustrating a principle of ‘method of evaluating a physiological aping level. Referring (0 FIGS. 4 and 4B, graphs represealing com: plexities of physiological parameters coresponding to dif- Terentage groups ate lustated, Ia detail, FIG. 4A isa graph representing a heart rate of a young subject in its twenties, and FIG, 4B is a greph representing a heart rate of an old subject in is Tn both FIG average heart rates are 64.7 beats per minute (bpm), and standard deviations (SDs) are 3.9bpm. Thus, the graphs of FIGS. 4. and 4B, itean be seen that the average hear rates and the SDs ofthe heart rates of the young subject in its ventes and the old subject in its seventies are the same iowever, tea also be seen from FIGS, 4A and 4B that «complexity expressed as an entropy ApEn dramatically decreases from 109 in FIG. 4A to D8 ia FIG. 4B, The complexity may be consteved as indicating whether a change pattem ofa physiological parameter is complex or simple in 4 predetermined interval, From the graphs of FIGS. 4 and 4B, it can readily be seen that the complexity of the physiological parameter decreases as the age of the subjectUS 10,980,490 B2 TT As leamed from the graphs of FIGS, 44 and 4B, aging may be defined a5 a progressive loss of a compleity in & physiological system. Ina physiological function, the pro- aressive loss of the complexity may result from, for ‘exumple, a reduction ina numberof dendrites divided from ‘8 neutodencite, an intensiveness of damage, aredoction in ‘complexity of a heartbeat, reduction in'8 complexity of f blood pressure Auctuation, » reduction in @ frequency range of elsctroencephalogram (EEG)-evoked potential, reduction in an audible frequency range of hearing, for ‘example, loss of high frequency component, a loss or ‘damage to funetional components, and a changed non-linear ‘coupling beeen functional components “The evasion apparatus determines the aging level ofthe user during dil life based on a complenity of pysiologi- ‘al parameter, & variane in the complexity, a relative mito ‘of @ physiological parameter to the complexity, decrease rates thereof, and increase rates thereof, in view of the ‘aforementioned progressive loss ofthe complexity. Further, the evaluation apparais immediately provides aging levels 2 ‘coresponding 10 vatious physical aevities of the user by ‘determining an aging level ofthe user based om a time and f situation. As described above, the “aging level” is not a biological age of the user that is simply verfed at a predetermined point in time, but is constied as indicating & Sate in which aging is in progress ina body ofthe use. FIG. § is a flowchart illustrating an example of another method of evaluating a physiological aging level Referring to FIG. §, an evaluation apparatus receives 9 physiological parameter continously sensed from a user ‘during daily life in operation S10. The evaluation apparatus calculates complexity corresponding toa change pattern of the physiological parameter based on the continuously sensed plysiologial parameter in operation 520. “The evaluation apparatus weeeives a state of the ser from the user through a UI in operation 830. As described above, the state of the user is determined based! on a physical ‘aetvity of the user, such as eating, sleeping, watching TV, ‘working, resting, exereising at high intensity, exeresing at moderate intensity, and exercising at low intensity, for ‘example, The sate of the users 8 input by the user through the UL “The evaluation apparatus determines an aging level ofthe user based on a time or the state of the user in operation $40. A method of determining an aging level of « wer based on 4 state of the user using the evaluation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. 6. Further, method of ‘determining an aging level ofa user based on a time will be ‘described with reference FIG. 7. TIG. 6 is» greph illustrating an example of an aging level differing for each state of a user in method of evaluating ‘ physiological ging level ‘Referring to FIG. 6, graph representing a complexity of a physiological parameter ina rest state and an exercise state is illustrated In the groph of FIG, 6, an exis X denotes time ‘expressed asa beat index k, which represents a number of hhertbeas, and an axis Y denotes heart period, The heart period is obtained by calculating heart rate Ths, the heart Period decreases as the hear rat increases In FIG. 6, point ‘A denotes an instant at which the sate changes from the rest ate tothe exercise sate, and a point B denotes an instant at which the state changes from the exercise state to a recovery sate, for example, the rest state, In this example, the exercise sate refers to.an exercise state in an caviron= ‘ment i which an exerise intensity peogrestvely increases Thus, the point B indicates an instant at which an exercise is performed ata highest intensity. 12 Asan be seen from the graph of FIG. 6, complexity of ‘heat rate in an interval betwoea a rest state andthe point ‘Aa which an exereis is initiated, in detail, ina stable state, js much higher than a complexity of a heart rate in an exercise ste from the point A at which the exeribe is Initiated to the peak intensity point B. “The evalvation appuarats evaluates, 2s being low, the aging level ofthe stable sate, for example, the rest state in ‘which the complexity ofthe hear rate is high, and evaluates, fs being high, the aging level ofthe exercise state ia which the compleity ofthe heart rate is low. The aging level is evaluated as being high in the exercise state because aging fof « human body’ is accelerated by an occurrence of active toxygen during an exercise. In detail, the exercise itself is an activity that accelerates aging. However, the complexity of the physiological parameter increases in the stable state ater the exercise. Thus, the overall complexity ofthe piysiolog cal parameter inereses and the overall ing level decreases When compared 10 the stable state before an exercise is performed, ‘The evaluation apparatus determines the aging level ofthe user based on the state of the user by sensing the physi- logical parameter with respect 10 each of the physical activities of the user during daily life, such as works exercising, sleeping, and eating as deseribed above, and calculating the complexity of the physiological parameter. ‘The aging level ofthe user is represented in level units from 1 to 10 that indicate an aging suppression or aging aveeleation evel, for example The aging Tevel of the user is expressed, for example, as a state in whieh aging is suppressed or accelerated when compared to a reference state of the user, FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of evaluating an aging level of a user based on a reference ‘aging level. Referring o PIG. 7,» grap illustrating an aging level 730 ofa user evaluated in real ime based on a physiological parameter coatinuously sensed from the user during daily Tie is illustrated. ‘An evaluation apparatus determines the aging evel 730 of the user by calculating a complexity of the physiological prameter sensed ffom the user during daily lie. The evaluation apparatus evaluates the aging level 730 of the tuser based on a reference aging level 710 represented by a reference aging line in the graph, The reference aging level 710 is a reference value to be compared tothe auing level 70 oF the user. For example, the reference aging level 710 is input dtcctly from the user, set hased on an actual age of the user, or preset to be a predetermined tanget age. The evaluation apparatas evaluates the aging level 730 of the ser relative to the actual age of the user based on the reference auing level 710 corresponding tothe actual age of the user. For example, when the actual age of the user is 30, the evaluation apparatus ses an age of 30 comrespending to the ctu age of the useras te reference aging level 710 In this example, the reference aging level 710 may be an average value of an aging level during atime period correspond to the age of 30-of the user, The reference aging level 710 may also bean average aging level of ordinary people at age tof 30 pre-sored in a database ‘The evaluation apparatus calculates the complexity ofthe physiological parameter continously sensed from the user fora dey, for example, for 24 hours on Ine Ist, compares the aging level 730 of the user determined based on the complexity to the reference aging level 710, and calculates a difference between the aging level 730 and the referenceUS 10,980,490 B2 13 ‘ging level 710, When a cumulative value of diferences between the aping level 730 of June Ist, and the reference aging level 710 is a postive (+) value, the evaluation apparatus evaluates that the usee performed an activity increasing aa aging level, for example, an activity acceler- ting aging, during the day of June Ist. When the cumlative value is @ postive value, this indicates that a cumulative ‘quantity of the aging level 730 of June Ist above the Teference aging level 710 of FIG. 7 is greater than a ‘cumulative quantity of the aging level 730 below the refer- ‘ence aging level 710, ‘When the cumnlative value of te differences hetween the ‘ging level 730 oF the user and the reference aging level 710, isa negative (-) value, the evaluation apparamas evaluates thatthe user performed an etvity decreasing an aging level, forexample, anatitysopresing oping, dring the Jy of ‘The evaluation apparatus provides a feedback on result ‘of evaluating the aging level tothe use. The feedback onthe result of evaluating the aging evel may be provided to the 2 user in various forms, for example, a message or icon provided through a display, or a voice message. In this ‘example, the message provided through the display may’ include such as, for example, “your aetvity of June Ist ‘decreased your aging level,” or “you got younger than the age of 30." Tn one example, the evaluation apparatus receives @ random age desired by the user as a reference aging level, and evaluates the aging level of the user relative to the reference aging level er example, the evaluation spparatus determines level ofthe user in. frst ime interval based on the complexity, and determines a second aging level of the user ina second time interval based on te fst aging level For example the evaluation apparatus determines an aging level of the user for the sccond week of June based on an ‘aging level of the user evaluated ia April. In another ‘example, the evaluation apparatus determines an aging level ‘of the user ina time interval inthe afternoon, for example, in atime interval from six to eleven in the evening, based on ‘an aging level ofthe user evaluated in atime interval inthe ‘moming. for example, ina time interval from six in the morning 1 noon In this example, the evaluation apparatus calculates @ difference between the second aging level and the ist aging level, When a cumulative value of differences i a postive (G) value, the evaluation apparatus evaluates thatthe user peeformed an aetvity increasing an aging level, for example, fan activity accelerating aging, in the second time interval ‘when compared to the first time interval Tm another example, the evaluation apparatus determines the aging level ofthe user based on a preset gender-spocitic and age-specific aging level, The gender-specific and age- Specific aging level is determined based on a complexity calculated based on physiological parameters of various users of differnt genders and diferent ages. The gender- specific and age-specific aging level is prestored ina dlatabase, for example, in a table or list. The evaluation apparatus determines the aging level by setting the preset ender-specific and age-specific aging level eoresponding tors gender, for example, male, and an age for example, of 35, ofthe user as the reference aging level, and comparing the aging level ofthe user to the reference aging level IG. # i 8 Aowchar illustrating an example of another method of evaluating a physiological aging level Referring to FIG. 8, a evaluation apparatis calculates a ‘complexity corresponding to a change pattem of a physi= 4 ological parameter based on the physiological parameter sensed from a user in operation 810. The evaluation appa- rats determines an aging level of the wer based on the complexity in operation 820, “The evaluation apparatus generates information related to a citcadian rhythm of the user hased on the aging level in ‘operation 830, As deseribed above, the information related to the circadian tiythm of the user may be constried ox Including a cicadian rhythm of the user, and information indicating the circadian shythm of the user, for example, a graph or data representing the iteadian rhythm. For example, the evaluation apparatus generates information indicating a duly cireadianshythm of the user. A method of generating a graph represeating a circadian rhythm of the User using the evaluation apparatus will be deseribed with reference to FIG. 9 The evaluation apparatus generates cumulative informa: sion related tothe eiteadian rhythm by accumulating infor- ‘mation related tothe circadian rhythm ofthe user wenerated, during a predetermined time period. For example the eval~ fon apparats generates information indicating a weekly circadian rhythm and a monthly circadian shyt, The evaluation apparatus provides any one or any com: bination of any Wo oF more of life habit guidance, an exercise program, and a rst program for the user based on the infomation related to the citeadian rhythm of the user tandior the cumulative information related tothe eieadian, thythm in operation 840. Tone example, evaluation apparatus determine inform tion about times most suitable for sloping, a mental activity, fd an exerese ofthe user from the information related 6 the circadian shythm of the user andior the cumulative information related to the circadian rhythm. For example, the evaluation apparatus generates life habit avidanceinfor- ration guiding the user to sleep from 10:20 pan. to 6:00 ‘am. perform a mental activity fom 8:50... 19 11:303.m., ‘and exercise from 8:00 pam, to 9:00 pam. and provides the Iife habit guidance information tothe use. Tn anther example, the evaluation apparatus determines a type of exercise that helps to reduce an aging level of the User among @ high-intensity exercise, » modere-intensity exercise, and low-intensity exercise from the information related (© the circadian rhythm of the user andior the ‘cumilative information elsted t the cteadon rhythm. For example the evaluation apparatus determines that perform ‘a moderate-intensty exercise for 40 minutes to one hour between 8:00 pn to 9:00 pan, is most help for reducing the aging level ofthe user. The evaluation apparats gener ates an exercise program guiding the user to perform a foderate-intensity exercise for 40 minutes to one hour between 8:00 p.m. 0 9:00 pam., and provides the penerated exercise program to the use. Tn another example, the evaluation apparatus generates {information guiding the user to take a rest every day from 1:00 pam, to 1:30 pam, of o take a rest on Saturdays inthe sioming based om the information related to the circadian shythm othe usee anor the cumulative information related to the civadian rhythm. The evaluation apparatus provides the rest program for the user based om the information uiding the user fo take ares FIG. 9 is diagram illustrating an example of a method of generating a graph representing a circadian rhythm of a User based on af aging level Referring to FIG. 9, a graph 930 representing a daily ‘ging level of a user evaluated in real time based on a physiological parameter continously sensed fromthe wser during daily life, and a graph 910 representing informationUS 10,980,490 B2 15 related toa cireadianshythm of the user generated hase on the daily aging level ofthe user, for example, the circadian rhythm of the user, ar illustated. ‘When the aging level of the user for each time slot is determined as shown in the graph 930, an evaluation appa ratus generates the graph 910 by interpolating an aging level ‘of the day using, for example, a linear interpolation, a spline interpolation, or an exponential interpolation. In one ‘example, the graph 910 representing. a daily circadian rhythm is generated by interpolating a central point of & predetermined time interval in the graph 930 representing the daily aging level of the user. However, the evaluation spparatus may generate a graph representing the cireadian rhythm of the user based on daily, weekly, and monthly aging levels using other various methods. For example, in sition to generating a graph representing a daily circadian rhythm using interpolation, the evaliation apparatys may ‘gcnerate a graph representing 2 daily, weekly, or monthly Circadian ehythm by averaging premeastired multiple items >) of circadian chythm information. Furthermore, the evalua- tion apparatus may generatea graph representing a circadian rhythm by syachronization with a time of an event that ‘occurs in daly lle for example, a bedtime, a wake-up time, ‘oF other daily event, Further, the evaluation apparatus may generate cuma- live information relate tothe circadian rhythms by accumu lating information relate to the circadian rhythm generated fora predetermined time period, and generate a graph of the ‘cumulative information (not shown). FIG. 10 isa flowchart illustrating another example of a method of evaluating a physiological aging level Referring to FIG, 19, an evaluation apparatus receives @ physiological parameter continvously sensed fom a user ‘during daly fein operation 1010. The evaluation apparatus calculates a complexity corresponding (oa change pattern of the physiological parameter based on the continaously sensed physiological parameter in operation 1020, The ‘evaluation apparatus determines aa aging level of the user based on the complexity in operation 1030 ‘The evalation apparatus generates information related to ‘9 cieadianshythm ofthe user based on the aging level in ‘operation 1040, For example, the evalation apart gen- ‘tates information indicating a daily cireadianthythm ofthe The evaluation apparatus generates cumulative informa tion related to the circadian rhythm by accumblating the information related tothe circadian rhythm generated during ' predetermined time period in operation 1050. ‘The evaluation apparatus generates information indicat ing a standard biorhythm ofthe user based on the cumulative information in operation 1060, The evaluation apparatus fenerates the information indiating the standard borhythm OF the user based on the cumulative information using ‘rious interpolations as described above with reference 9 FIG. 9. The information indicating the standard biorbythm of the user may be construed as including the standard biorhythm of the user, and a graph or lst indicating the ‘andiandiorhytm, Tone example, the evaluation apparates generates infor- ration for improving a life habit ofthe user based on the ‘Standard biodiythm ofthe user, and provides the information for improving the life habit tothe wscr. ‘The evaliation apparatus caleuates a synchronicity heween the daily circadian rhytha of the wser and the sandand biorhythm of the user in operation 1070, In this 16 application, synchronicity includes all concepts indicating correspondence or similarity, for example, a conformity and correlation, The evaluation apparatus evaluates anirepularity in a ie patter of the user bused on the synchronicity in operation 1080. The evaluation apparatus provides a feedback on the cevalited ieregularity in the Tife pattern of the user in fpertion 1090. For example, the imegularity in the life pattem of the user is provided ina form of @ graph ‘representing a difference in synchronicity between the daily circadian rhythm and the standard biorhythm of the user The imegolariy in the life pattem of the user is provided in 1 fom of a text messoye or voice messaze such a, for cexample, “Your life patern today indicates constant over- ‘work compared {0 your standaed biorhythm. Please take rest later” Tn one example, the evaluation apparatus generates infor ‘mation for improving the life habit ofthe user based on the sandand bioriythm of the user, and provides the penerated information to the user. When a bedtime or 2 wake-up time is determined to be excessively late based on the standard biorhythm of the user, the evaluation apparatus generates information guiding the user to sleep within a suitable time range, aad provides the generated information ta the user Tn another example, the evaluation apparatus predicts @ risk of disease, for example, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and hypertension, ofthe user based on the imegularity in the life pattem of the user evalited based on the standard biorhythm of the user. The evaluation apparatus calculates a health score of the user based on the risk of disease of the user, and estimates a mortality risk rate based on the health store ofthe user. For example, the evaluation apparatus displays a sentence of “you are currently at risk of metabolic syndrome” on a display, or provides an audible warning In another example, the evaluation apparatus provides a life habit prescription for reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome of the user. In this example, a Tife habit preserp- tion for reducing a risk of disease is pre-stored ina database ‘he life habit prescription may be construed as inelding, lor example, an exercise prescription, « nutrition preserip- tion, and a est prescription. In addition, the evaluation apparatus provides a suitable exercise duration and a suit- ble exercise intensity to the user hosed on the standard biorhythm of the user “The evalation apparatis 100, the sensor 103, the peo- cessor 106, the wearable device 110, the mobile device 130, the wearable device 210, the sensor 213, the wireless module 216, the mobile deviee 230, the memory 231, the processor 233, the Ul 238, the guide provider 237, and the Wireless mosiole 241 illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 2 that perform the operitions described with respect to FIGS. TA-10 re implemented by hardware components. Examples ‘of hardware components include controllers, sensors, gen- eras, drivers, memories, comparators, arithmetic logie units, adders, subtracts, multiplirs, dividers, integrators, ‘and any other electronic components known. 0 one of ordinary skill in the art In one example, the hardware components are implemented by computing hardware, for example, by one or more processors or computers. A pro: ‘cessor oF computer is implemented by one o more process ing elements, suchas an array of logic gates, a controler and ‘av arithmete logic unit, a digital signal processor, a micro- computer, a programmable logic controller, ild-program- imable gate aay, a programmable logie array, « mieropro- cessor, or any other device or combination of devices known tone of ordinary sill in the art that is capable of respond:US 10,980,490 B2 17 ing t0 and executing instruetions in a defined manner to ‘achieve a desired result. In one example, & procestor or ‘computer includes, or is connected to, one oF more memo Fies string instructions oe software that are executed BY the processor or computer Hardware components implemented hy a processor or eomputer execute instructions or software, suel as an operating system (OS) and one or more sofware applications that run on the OS, to perform the operations deseribed herein wth respect to FIGS. 1A-10, The hardware ‘components also access, manipulate, process, create, and store data in response to execttion of the instuctions or oftware. For simplicity; the singular term “processor” oF “computer” may be used in the description of the examples deseribed herein but i other examples multiple processors ‘or computers are used, oF a processor or computer includes rultple processing elements, or mulple types of procest- ‘sburdwWare component includes « processor and s controller A hardware component has any one or more of diferent 2 processing. configurations, examples of which inelude Single processor. independent processors, parallel proces- sors, single-instrction single-data (SISD) multiprocessing, Single-insruction mulple-data (SIMD) multiprocesss mulkple-instration single-data_(MISD)_ multiprocessing, and moltiple-instretion moltipledata (MIMD) multipro- cessing ‘The methods illustrated in PIGS. 3, §, 8 and 10 that perform the operations described herein with respect to FIGS. 1-10 are performed by a processor ofa computer as described above executing insnictions or software 10 per- form the operations described herein Tnsiritions oF sollware to contol a processor oF eom- puter to implement the hardware components and perform the methods as described above are Written as computer programs, code segments, instnctions or any combination ‘hereof, for individually or collectively instcting or con- figuring the processor or computer to operate as a machine ‘oF special-purpose computer to perform the operations per- formed by the hardware components and the methods as described above. In one example, the instructions or soft- ‘ware include machine code tht is directly exccuted hy the processor or compute, sch as machine code produced by a ‘compiler. In another example, the instructions oF sofware inchide higher-level code that is excouted by the processor ‘or computer using an interpreter. Programmers of ordinary Sill n the art can eadily Wate the instructions or software based om the block diagrams and the flow chat illustrated inthe drawings and the corresponding descriptions in the specification, which disclose algorithms for performing the ‘operations performed by the hadware components and the methods as desribed above. The instructions or software to control a processor or ‘computer 10 implement the hardware components and per- orm the methods ae described above, and any associated lata, data files, and data structures, are recorded, stored, or fixed in or on one or more aon-transitory computer readable storage media, Examples of @ non-imnsitory computer- readable storage medium include read-only memory (ROM), random-sccess memory (RAM), flash memory, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD#Rs, CD-RWs, CD4RWs, DVD- ROMs, DVD-Rs, DVDR, DVD-RWs, DVD#RWs, DVD- RAMs, BD-ROMs, BD-Rs, BD-RLTHs, BD-REs, magnetic tapes, loppy disks, magneto-optical data storage devices, ‘optical data storage devices, lanl disks, solid-state disks, ‘nd any’ deviee known to one of ordinary skill in the at that is capable of storing the instrctions or software and any 18 associated data, data files, and data struetres in. non- ‘eansitory manner and providing te instructions or software ana any associated data, data files, and data stractures to a processor or compute so that the processor oF computer can ‘execute the instructions, Ia one example, the instructions oF software and any associated data, data files, and data struc~ tures are distboted over network-coupled computer sys- tems so tha the instrctions and software and any associated data, data files, and data structures are stored, accessed, and executed in a distributed fashion by the processor or com- puter ‘While this disclosure includes specific examples, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art hat various changes in form and details may be made in these examples \without departing from te spirit and seopeof the claims and their equivalents. The examples described herein are tbe considered in descriptive sense ony, and not for purposes of limitation, Descriptions of features or aspects in each ‘example ae to be considered as being applicable to similar features or aspects in other examples. Suitable reslts may be achieved it the described techniques are performed in 8 diferent order, andor if components ina described system, architecture, device, or circuit are combined in a dierent ‘manner, andor replaced or supplemented by other compo- nents or their equivalents. ‘Therefore, the scope of the Aisclosure is defined not by the detailed description, but by the claims and their equivalents, and all variations within the scope ofthe claims and their equivalents are to he constricd as being included in the disclosure ‘What i claimed is 1. Amethod of evaluating a physiological aging level, he method comprising: sensing, By a sensor, a physiological parameter from a ‘4 non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stor ing instructions executable by a processor; and 1 processor including a neural network oF support vector ‘machine executing the instructions to caleulate a complexity corresponding t a change pat tem of the physiological parameter based on the physiological parameter sensed from the user, and eterinine a frst aging level of the ser in a first time interval indicating a physiological change progress ofthe user based on the complexity, and determin fan aging level ofthe user in a second time interval based on the fist aging level, wherein the calculation of the complexity further com: ‘ses calculating a relative ratio of the physiological parameter (0 the complexity oF a relative rado of a variance in the physiological parameter to the com plexi, and wherein the determination of the aging level further ‘comprises the application of finear of non-linear ‘equation by the processor through the newal network or the support vector machine Which includes gener tion of feature vectors from the complexity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the caleulation ofthe complexity further comprises ‘aleulaing a variance in the complexity based on the complexity 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determination of the aging eve further comprises determining the aging level based on the complexity and either one or both of the variance inthe complexity and the relative ratio. ‘4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of ‘heaping evel further comprises determining the aging level by substituting the complexity info an aging function,US 10,980,490 B2 19 5, The method of claim 4, wherein the aging fonction ‘comprises at least one eoeficientdetemnined using a regres- son analysis performed based onthe eomplexity and infor: mation related to an ape of the user 6, The method of claim 1, wherein the caleulation ofthe ‘complexity further comprises calculating the complexity of the physiological parameter hased on any one ae any com= bination of any two or more of a Poincaré plot of the physiological parameter, a froctal dimension of the phys ‘logical parameter, a chaotic dynamic parameter of the physiological parameter, and an entropy ofthe physiological Parameter 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the caleulation ofthe ‘complexity fuher comprises calculating a decrease rate of the complexity or an increase rate of the complexity '8. The method of clsim 1, wherein the physiological parameter comprises any one or any combination of any to ‘or more of a heart rate, a blood pressure, and a pulse tans lime (PTT) of the user. 9, The method of elaim 1, further comprising receiving @ > physiological parameter continuously sensed from the user during a daily life of the user: ‘wherein the calculation of the complexity further com prises caleulating the complexity based on the phy’ logical parameter continously sensed from the ser. 10. The method of eaim 1, wherein the detemnination of the aging level further comprises evaluating an aging level ‘of the user hased on a reference aging level 11, The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of ‘heaping level furiher comprises determining the auing level ‘of the user base on preset gender-specific and age-specific aging level. 12, The method of claim 1, wherein the detennination of ‘he aging Tevel further comprises determining the aging level ‘of the user based on a time ofa state of the wer, and the state of the user is base om a physical activity of the 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising rveiving the state ofthe user from the user, 14. The method af claim 1, furher comprising generating information related toa circadian rhythm of the user based fon the aging level 15, The method of claim 14, wherein the generating ‘comprises generating cumulative infomation related tothe ‘circadian rhythm by aecumlating information related to the ‘circadian chythm generated during a predetermined period 16. The method of elaim 15, further comprising generat- ing information indicating a standard biorhythm of the user based on the cumulative information, 17. The method of claim 16, further compeising: generating information for improving Tie habit of the user based on the information indicating the standard biorhythm of the user, and providing the information for improving te life habit to the user, 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the generating ofthe information related to the citeadian shythm conprises yen- crating information indicating a daily circadian rhythm of the user. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: calculating a synchronicity between the daily circadian ‘hythm of the user and the standard bioehythm of the cevalvating an imegularity in. life pattern of the user based om the synchronicity; and providing Feedback on the evaluated iegularty to the 20 20, The method of elaim 14, further comprising providing ‘any one or any combination of any two or more ofa life habit guidance, an exercise program, and a rest program for the user based on the information related to the eteadian rhythm of the user. 21. An apparatus for evaluating a physiological aging level, the apparatus comprising 1 sensor configured to sense a physiological parameter from a user, and 8 processor configured 10 calculate a complexity cone: ‘ponding 10 8 change pattem of the physiological ‘rameter based onthe physiological parameter sensed from the use, to determine fist aging feel in a first time interval indicating a physiological change prog rss of the user basod on the complexity, and 10 determine an aging level of the wer in a second time interval based on the first aging level, ‘wherein the processor is further configured to calculate a relative rato that i relative mati ofthe physiological parameter tothe complexity or a relative ratio of the variance in the physiological parameter to the com plexity and to determine the fist aging level ased on the complexity and the relative rio. 22. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the processor is rer configured to calculate a Variance in the complexity tnd, and to determine the fist aging level based on the complexity and either ene or both of the variance in the ‘complexity and the relative ratio, 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the sensor is ‘urher configured to continuously’'sease the physiological parameter ftom the user during daily life ofthe user, and the processor is further configured to ealeulate the com plexity based on the physiologial parameter continu ously sensed from the user. 24, The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor is rer configured to evaluate the aging level of the user relative to an aetal age ofthe user of Target age hase on ‘reference aging level corresponding to the actual age ofthe ser the target ae 25, The apparatts of claim 21, wherein the processor is Jrer configured to determine the aging level ofthe user based on atime or a state of the user: and the state of the user is based on a physical activity ofthe 26, The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising a user interface (UI) configueed to receive the tate of the user from the user 27. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor is rer configured fo generate information related 10 a cirvadian rhythm of the user based on the aging level 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the processor is farther contigured to generate cumulative information bY ‘ageumulating information related to the eicadian rhythm genemted during a predetermined period, and generate information indicating @ standart biorhythm of the user based on the cumblative information, 29. An apparatus for evaluating an aging characteristic, the apparatus comprising ‘sensor configtred to sense a physiological parameter fiom a user, and 4 processor configured to calculate a complexity core ‘ponding 10 8 change pattem of the physiological parameter based on the physiological parameter sensed From the user, and to detemnine a fst aging character iste of the user in a fist time interval based on theUS 10,980,490 B2 a ‘complexity, andl determine an aging characteristic of the User n'a second time interval based on the fist ‘aging characteristic, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate @ relative rao that sa relative ratio of the physiological, parameter tothe complexity or a relative ratio of the variance in the physiofogieal parameter to the eom- plexity, and to determine the fist aging characteristic based on the complexity and the relative iti, 30. Tho apparatus of claim 29, wherein the processor is further configured t compare the aging characteristic ofthe user to a reference aging characteristic, and evaluate the aging characteristic of the user based on a result of the ‘comparing, 3 The apparanis of claim 28, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate a difference between the aging characteris of the user and a reference aging char= 2 acteristic, accumulate the difference over a period of time, fd evaluate the aging characteristic ofthe user based on the feumlated difference, '32, The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the aging char- acteristic ofthe user isan aging level ofthe user that changes fa level of physical activity of the user changes and represents a physiological change progress ofthe user du to fing of the user: the reference aging characteristic is a reference aging level corresponding to an actial age of the user or a tanget ages and the prmcessor is further configured to evaluate the aging level of the user as being greater than the reference aging level in response to the accumulated difference being positive, and as being Tess than the reference aging level in response to the accumulated difference being nepative