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    US_2021_0204876_A1

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    US_2021_0204876_A1 - general - design

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    US_2021_0204876_A1

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 views73 pages

    US - 2021 - 0204876 - A1 - General - Design

    Uploaded by

    Bender Bending Rodríguez
    US_2021_0204876_A1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    US 202102088761 co») United States 2) Patent Application Publication Pandya et al. (a0) Pub, No.: US 2021/0204876 Al (43) Pub, Date: Jul. 8, 2021 (sa) om om en @ @) (@) WEARABLE Fi ELECTRODES FOR SI PARAMETERS: TRONIC DEVICE WITH. CAL SING BIOLO Applicant: Apple Ine., Cupertino, CA (US) Inventors: Sameer Pandya, Sunnyvale, CA (U ‘Adam T. Clavele, San Francisco (US); Erik G. de Jong, San Francisco, CAS) Michael B. Wi Pranciseo, CA (US): Tobias rison-Noonan, San Francisco, CA Phipeng Zhang, Santa Clara, steven C. Roach, San Prancisoo, CA (US): Steven P. Cardinal, Campbell, CA (US) Appl. No. 177210348 Filed: Mar, 23, 2021 Related US Application Data Continuation of application No. 16'841,583, fled on Apr. 6, 2020, now Pat, No. 10.987.054, which is « ‘continsstion of application No, 16/193,836, filed on Nov, 16, 2018, now Pat, No, 10,610,157, which i a continuation of application No. 16/118,282, filed on Ag. 30, 2018, Provisional application No. 62/584,196, fled on Sep. 5, 2017, provisional application No. 621644,886, filed fon Mar. 19, 2018, (2) on Publication Classification Int. C1 AGIB 5/00 (2006.01) nor 16 (2006.01) GIB S282 (2006.01) AGIB 7332 (2006.01) GIR 5/339 (2006.01) AGIB S24 (2006.01) GnG 900 (2006.01) G04 2102 (2006.01) Gos 2108 (2006.01) us. cL. c AGIB 5/681 (2013.01); GO6E 1/168 2013.01); 4618 7282 (2021.01); A61B 5/332 (2031.01); G46 218 2013.01): AI 92427 (2013.01), ABIB $2438 (2013.01) G04G 9/0008 (2013.01), G04G 217025 (2013.01); A612 §/339 (2021.01) ABSTRACT An electtonic deviee, such a8 a watch, has @ housing 10 which a carir is atached. The carrier has fist surface interior to the electronic device, and a second surface exterior 10 the electronic device, A set of electrades is ‘deposited on the exterior surfce ofthe carer. An aditional electrode is operable to be contacted by a finger ofa user of the elevirnie device while the first electrode is positioned fgtinst skin of the wser. The additional electrode may be positioned on wsertotatable crown of the electeonic ‘device, on a burton of the electronic devve, or on another surface of the housing of the elsctronie device. A processor ofthe electronic device is operable to determine a biological parameter of the user based on volta ‘atthe eletrodes, The biological parameter may be an electrocardiogram, Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021. Sheet 1 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE | 99 INPUT output |], W271 DEVICES pevices [77 PROCESSOR 7 106 FIG. 1A 0 FIG. 1B Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 2 of 41 US 2021/0204876 AI 200 FIG. 24 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 3 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI }~210 220 206 FIG. 2B Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 4 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet S of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 6 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI a4 FIG, 4A Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 7 of 41 400 / 208 ‘ US 2021/0204876 A1 1 1 1 t t 1 1 t 204 ' t t 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 FIG. 4B Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 8 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI FIG. 4C Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 9 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 10 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI FIG. 5A FIG. 5B Va 412 408 518b 414 FIG. 5C FIG. 5D FIG. SE Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 11 of 41 US 2021/0204876 AI 404 FIG. 6 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 12 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 13 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 300) é DLC ~ 812 SiO. 810 SiN, [~s08 SiO, F805 ITO “804 ALO, ~ 802 CRYSTAL [sos FIG.8 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 14 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI FIG. 9A 920 FIG. 9B FIG. 9C Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 15 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 10041000 1014 1008 1006 1010 1012 FIG. 10A 1016 1020 j32 1028 1018 10656 1030 1022 FIG. 10B 1034 3s, fou FIG. 10C 10621060 Ma FIG, 10D Patent Application Publication m2. Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 16 of 41 US 2021/0204876 A1 FIG. HA us. 1108 1106 1108 110 102 m4 1108 108»; 4 Lone 206 P1108 206 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 17 of 41 US 2021/0204876 A1 1146 1128 EG 1102" 1130 Fe 1104 210 1134 136 1124. 1e~ 1136 Noe FIG. 1B N 1148. Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 18 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 1200 FIG. 124 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 19 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 1200 Q , a 1242 i210 1248, § 1246 iy . Yi ¢ — 1214 JW 12281232 oY 1212 1228, 1202 re a 7 1244 1222 i 121 1208 12526 1206 ESS 1228 1250 eh 1219 Yy, > 1242 1224 FIG, 12B Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 20 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI Syn = 1 1226-4 1212 7 1202 No 1242 1250 FIG. 13 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 21 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 1226-4 iS MOY AYA ae Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 22 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 1510 1300 i sid ise 1316 TSI 1504 FIG. 15 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021. Sheet 23 of 41 15024 1604, 1640 isiof US 2021/0204876 A1 pn ~sgprneass 1644 1510 1646 1648. on CY Le Spwis 1504 1620 FIG, 164 1614/1504 1604 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 24 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 1600 1616 1620 626 bie 120 1602 Leds “1616 FIG. 16B Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 25 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI im pe m2 130. 1510. uf Ke BAe Vas. 1510 1780 FIG. 17A Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 26 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 1700 > 1704 1746 ? 1728 1730, 173817381728 1708 (") oi p 28 8 on } | Qy | sso € Cie y 1306 1710 1744 i748 ¢ 1786 17341932 v2 Vso y20 120 M6 FIG. 17B Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 27 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI . 1922 1812 iso 15024 yg94_-Q 15024 u 1842 1840- 1830 1B grins ie Geer>_.,, 1814/1504, 19 [ 1846 | = 13 ise Is14/1504 1820 1s04 4 FIG. 184 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 28 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 1848. 1850 IRM 1854 1832 1 FIG, 18B Patent Application Publication 206 x 1902 1910 19102 19106. Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 29 of 41 US 2021/0204876 Al 1900 194 1906 19106 ) oS (ne f~ 1908, 1916 1912) 190. FIG. 19 1918 sy Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 30 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI < 2022 2038 23 2044 2028 | 2930~ 2oys 2004 Sor 2014 \ 2008 20324 Va 20264 {3010 2006 Y 20ds 2048 2020 2002S Ne 2020 2016 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 31 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 32 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 2200 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 33 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 2300 laa 2308 2316 2312 2302. 2306° FIG. 23 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 34 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 2400 APPLY GROUND VOLTAGE TOUSER |, VIA FIRST ELECTRODE ON A CRYSTAL a SENSE FIRST VOLTAGE OR SIGNALAT | 4,4, SECOND ELECTRODE ON THE CRYSTAL ~ SENSE SECOND VOLTAGE OR SIGNAL AT THIRD ELECTRODE ON USER-ROTATABLE CROWN 2406 DETERMINE BIOLOGICAL PARAMETER OF USER FROM THE OPTIONAL GROUND — | __ 3 55 VOLTAGE AND THE FIRST AND SECOND VOLTAGES OR SIGNALS FIG. 24 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 35 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI a oy Pa PROCESSOR(S) vo DISPLAY 2s35 T r | I 7 SENG POWER MEMORY SENSOR(S) SOURCE 2520 2528 281s Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 36 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI “" y 2661 ITEM 1 2602 2606 Z 2662 ITEM 2 x 20663 FIG. 264 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 37 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 2600 2602 y 2062. ITEM 2 U ( Z 2663] ITEM 3 ey x 2664 ITEM 4 2606 FIG. 26B Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 38 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 2700 ve 2706: 2702 x FIG, 274 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 39 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 2700 4 2706 2167 FIG, 27B Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 40 of 41. US 2021/0204876 AI 2800 i 2806. WOULD YOU LIKE 2868. “DIRECTIONS? FIG, 284 Patent Application Publication Jul. 8, 2021 Sheet 41 of 41 US 2021/0204876 AI ee 2806: 2869. FIG. 28B US 2021/0204876 AL WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH ELECTRODES FOR SENSING BIOLOGICAL, PARAMETERS, (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED "APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent ‘application Ser No, 16/841,543, fled Ape 6, 2020, which is 4 continuation of US. patent application Ser. No. 16/193, 5836, fled Nov. 16, 2018, now US. Pat. No. 10,610,157, Which isa continuation of U'S. patent application Ser. No 16/118,282, filed Aug. 30, 2018, which claims the benefit under 35 US.C. § 119(@) of US. Proxisional Patent Appl ‘cation No, 62/554,196, filed Sep. 5, 2017, and US, Pro sional Patent Application No. 62/684.886, fled’ Mar. 19, 208, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference aif fully dielosed herein, FIELD 10002] The described embodiments relate generally wo an ‘lectrnie wateh of other weamble electric device. More particularly, the described embodiments relate to techniques for providing, on a watch or other wearable electronic device, electrodes for sensing biological parameters. The ‘electrodes may be variously provided on a surface of an ‘optical component, crowa, bition, or housing member af the ‘watch or other wearable electronic device. BACKGROUND, 10003] _ wearable eletronie device may include a set of Seasors for determining a sot of biological parameters of user that wears the wearable electronic device, Circuitry associated withthe se of sensors may generate, for example, ‘lecrical signals or measurements corresponding to volt: ‘ages at Frees applied to, or amounts of light inideat on, the sensors, The variows signals or measorements may be com Felated to, or used to derive, various biological parameters of the user, such as a heart rate of the user SUMMARY 10004] Embodiments of the systems, devices, methods, tnd appariises described in the present disclose are diwoied to an elaeonie watch of ter wearable electronic ‘device having st of electrodes that may be used 0 sense ‘or determine biological parameters of user that wears the wearable eletrnic device. The biological parameter may Include, for example, an clectrocardiogram (ECG) of the 10005} One embodiment hes the form of an elesteonic ‘watch, comprising» housing: a crown compesing: a cron bodys and shaft coanected tothe crosn body aad possig throug the housing: a cance connect 10 the hotsing: transparent cover connected tothe hooting; tovelsens tive display at Jest parialy within the housing and view able through the transparent cover fist elecide on the cari, a second eleeode on the crown body: and a procestor within he housing and operationally coecte theft eleewode andthe second electrode; wherein the ist. ‘lecode configured to measure a fist voltage the second ‘levies is configured to measure a second vollage: the procesor is configured to determine an electcardiogram Jul. 8, 2021 using the first voltage and the second voltages and the touch-sensitive display is configured to display the electro- cardio {0006} Another embodiment takes the form of an clec- ‘eonie wateh, comprising: a housing easier ataced to the housing: a first electrode on the carrier @ crown extending though the housing and configured to translate and rotate, comprising a second electrode: and a processor operable 0 ‘delennine a biological parameter ofa user based on voltages ‘measured at the fist eloctode and the saeond electrode; wherein: the vollages are measured while the user is in contaet withthe fist electrode and the second electrode. [0007] "Yet nother embodiment takes the form of a method for determining and displaying an eletrocario- tram by an electro watch, comprising: measuring a fist Voliage at a frst electrode on a crown of the electronic Watch; measuring a second vollage ata second electrode on ‘carrier ofthe electronic watch; detemmining, by processor bof the electonie watch, the electrocardiogram ising the fist voliage and the second voltage; and displaying the cletro- catdiogram on a display ofthe electronic wate. {0008} In addition to the example aspects and embod rents described above, further axpocts and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by snd ofthe following deseription BRIEP DESCRIPTION OP THE DRAWINGS [0009] The disclosure will be rewdily understood by’ the following detailed description in conjunction with the avcompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals ‘designate ike structural elements, and in whiek: {0010} FIG. 1A’ shows a functional block diagram of a ‘wearable electronic devi; [0011] FIG. 1B shows sn example ofan eleeirnie device having a sotof electrodes disposed thereon: [0012] "FIGS. 2A-2C show sn example of an electeonic ‘wate that incorporates a set of electrodes; [0013] FIG. 3 shows another example of an electronic ‘wate that incorporates a set of electrodes; {0014} FIGS. 44-4 show an addtional example of an electronic watch that incorporates a setof elactodes on a [0015] FIGS. 54-SE illustrate an example of coatings that ‘may’ be deposited on the interior and extrioe surfaces ofthe carrer shown in FIOS. 4A-4C; [0016] "FG. 6 shows a cross-section ofthe earir shown, in FIG. SB; [0017] FIG. 7 shows a cross-section ofthe carsier shown, in FIGS. SC and 8D; [0018] "FG. 8 shows an example layer constwetion of an TTO-based electrode [0019] FIGS. 9A:9C show altemative electrical connec ‘ions between an electrode on an exterior surface ofa caerier that forms part of a housing of an electronic device and an electrical contact interior to the eloctronie device; [0020] FIGS. 104-100 show alternative exeier configu rations, and alterative attachments or connections of eae- fiers to other housing members ofan electronic device: [0021] FIG. TTA is# cross-section of an example crown, assembly: [0022] FIG. 1B is a cross-section of another example ‘crown assembly [0023] FIGS. 124 & 128 show another example of a exown assembly; US 2021/0204876 AL [0024] FIGS, 13 & 14 show cross-sections of additional ‘oxamples of erown assemblies: [0025] FIGS. 15.22 show various examples of button assemblies: 10026] FIG. 23 shows a schematic ofan electronic deviee that may be used for acquiring an ECG or other biological parameter from a user ofthe electronic device 10027] FIG. 24 shows an example method of determining. ' biological parameter of a user wearing a watch or other ‘woarable elecitonic device; [0028] FIG. 25 shows a sample electrical block diagram of fan electronic device soch as a watch of other wearable ‘tectonic device: 10029] FIG. 264 illustrates a sample electronic watch displaying list 10030] FIG. 268 illustrates the sample electronic watch of 1G. 26A, with an updated list in response toa row input: [0031] FIG. 274 illustrates a sample electronic watch ‘displaying a wrap 0032] FIG. 272 illustrates the sample electronic watch of EIG. 27 with the graphic updated in response to a erown input, 10033] FIG. 28 illustrates a sample electronic watch displaying a first graphic; and 10034] FIG. 281 illustrates the sample electronic watch of FIG. 28 displaying a second graphic in response to. eosin input 10035] |The use of eross-hatching or shading inthe accom- Panying figures is generally provided to clarify the bound- aries Between adjacent elements and also to facilitate leg ibility of the figures. Accordingly, nciher the presence nor the absence of eross-hatching or shading conveys oF indi- ‘ales any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, element proportions, element dimen: sons, commonalities of similarly illustrated elements, or ‘any other characteristic, antibute, o property for any’ ele ‘ment illustrated in the accompanying figures. 10036] Additionally it should be understood thatthe pro- portions and dimensions (either relative or absolute) of the Various features and elements (and collections and aroup- ings thereo) andthe boundaries, separations, and positional relationships presented therebetween, are provided in the ‘accompanying figures merely to fuiiate un understanding ‘of the various embodiments described herein and, accord ingly, may not necessarily” be presented ot illustrated to scale, and are not intended to indicate any preference or reuirement for an illustrated embodiment to the exclusion ‘oF embodinents decribed with reference thereto, DETAILED DESCRIPTION 10037] Reference will now be made in desl io represen- lative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying draw ings. It should be understood that the following deseription isnot intended to limit the embodiments to one prefered ‘emibostiment. To the contrary, itis intended to cover alter- and equivalents 2s can be included sprit and scope of th described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 10038] The following disclosure relates to techniques for disteibuing a set of electrodes over a set of surfiees of & ‘wearable clecronie device, such as an electronic watch, and to techniques for electrically isolating the electrodes from ‘other components of the device andor mitigating effects oF ‘environmental factors when sensing voltages oF signals Jul. 8, 2021 indicative of one or more biological parameters of a user ‘sho isin contact with the elocrodes, and to techniques for routing the voltages or signals within the device. {0039} Embodiments farther may take the form of an electronic watch, or other portable and/or wearable device, configured to detect an elecirocardiogram ("ECG") of person wearing or otherwise interacting withthe electronic device. As one non-Timiting example, a person may wear an cectronie watch that has tWo external electrodes configured to be touch by the use. first electrode may be placed on ‘a rearstrface ofthe wateh ad bein comtgt with skin on the ‘West ofthe penion, A second electrode may be delined by oF fn a crown of the watch and may be configured 1 be touched by a finger (or other body part) ofthe person. [0040] FIG. 1A shows a functional black diagram of a ‘wearable electronic device 100. In some examples, the device 100 may be an electronic watch oF electronic health ‘monitoring device. The wearable electronic device 100 my include one or more input devices 102, one or more output eviees 104, and a processor 106. Broadly the input devices 102 may detect various types of input, and the output vices 104 may: provide Various ‘ypes of output. The processor 106 may receive input signals from the input devices 102, in response to inputs detected by the input devices, The processor 1N6 may’ interpret input signals received from one or more of the input devices 102 and transmit outpt signals to one oF more of the opt devices 104. The output signals may eause the output devices 104 to provide one or more outputs. Detevted input atone or more ‘ofthe input devices 102 may be used to control ane or more Timetions of the device 100. In some eases, one or more OF the output devices 104 may be configured to provide outputs that ae dependent on, or manipulated in response to, the ‘input detected by one or more ofthe input devices 102. The ‘outputs provided by one or more of the output devices 104 ‘may’ also be responsive (0, oF initiated by, a program oF ‘pplication executed by the processor 106 and/or an asso- ciated companion device. [0041] Invarious embodiments, the input dovices 102 may’ include any suitable components for detecting inputs Examples of input devices 102 include audio sensors (eg. iicrophones), optical of visual sensors (e-., cameras, vis- ible Tight sensors, or invisible Tight seasors), proximity sensors, ouch sensors, force sensors, mechanical devices (aL, crowns, switches, butions, of keys), vibration sensors, Drietation sensors, motion sensors (eg. accelerometers oF velocity sensors), location sensors (et global positioning system (GPS) devices) thermal sensors, communication devices (eg., wired or wireless communication devices) resistive sensors, magnetic sensor, eloctroactive polymers (EAPS), strain gauges, electrodes, and so on, or some combination thereof. Each input device 102 may be coafig- ured to detect one or more particular types of input and provide a signal e.g. an input signal) corresponding to the Setected inpot. The signal may be provided, or example to the processor 106, [0042] The ouput devices 104 may include any suitable ‘components for providing outputs, Examples of oulpat devices 104 include audio output devices (-., speakers), Visual output devices (eg. lights or displays, tactile output devices (eg, haptic ‘ouput devices), communication devices (eg, wired or wireless communication devices), ‘and 80 on, of Some combination thereof. Each outpmt deviee 104 may’ be configured to receive one or more signals (ex, US 2021/0204876 AL an output signal provided by the processor 106) and provide an output corresponding to the signal [0043] ‘The processor 106 may be operably coupled to the input devices 102 and the output devices 104. The processor 4106 may be adapted 10 exchange signals with the input devices 102 and the output devices 104, For example, the processor 106 may receive at put signal from st input ‘doviee 102 that comesponds oan input detected bythe inp device 102, The processor 106 ma interpret the received Jnput signal wo determine whether to provide andlor change ‘one oF more outputs in response to the inpet signal. The processor 106 may then send an np signal one oF mare ‘of the output devices 104, to provide and/or change outputs 88 appropriate, Examples of suitable processors are dis- ‘cussed in more detail below with respect 0 FIG, 25. 0044] In some examples, the input devices 102 may include a set ofeleetrodes, The elecimodes may be disposed ‘on one of more exterior sutfaces of the deviee 100. The processor 106 may monitor for vollages or sigaals received ‘on atleast one of the elevirades. In some embodiments, one ‘of the electrodes may'be permanently or switchably coupled to a device ground, The electrodes may be use 10 provide fn BCG function forthe device 100. For example, 8 2-lead ECG funetion may be provided shen a user of the device 4100 contets frst and socond electrodes that receive signals from the user. As another example, a 3-lead BCG funetion ray’ be provided when user ofthe device 100 contacts ist ‘and second eletrodes that rveive signals fom the user and 8 thir electrode that grounds the user tothe device 100. In hth the 2-ead and 3-lead FCG embodiments, the user may pres the fst electrode against a fist part of their body and Dress the second electrode against a second part of their body. The thitd electrode may be pressed against the fist or second body part, depending on Where it located on the device 100. [0045] FIG. 1B shows an example ofan electronic device 410 (here, an electronic wateh) having a set of electrodes 112, 114 disposed thereon, The device 0 may be an ‘example of the wearable electronic device described with reference 10 FIG. 1A, oe may be an example ofan eleetonic ‘device that isnot wearable. In some embodiments the set of ‘electrodes 112, 114 may be provided on one surface ofthe ‘device 110. in other embodiments (as shown), the set of felecirodes 112, 114 may include electrodes provided on dlfferent surfaces ofthe device 100, such asa fist electrode MI? provided on a fst surface 116 of the device 110, and sccond electrode Id provided on a second surface 118 of the devi 110. Providing electrodes on diffrent surbices of ‘a deview may nsake it easier for a user to place diferent body pars in contact with different electrodes. For example, user hay place one or more of the electrodes (e.g, the fist ‘electrode 112) in contoet with theie west, and) may touch nother one oF more of the clectrdes (e., the second ‘electrode 114) with a finger of thei opposite hand. Alter- natively the user may press the electrodes 112, 114 against different parts oftheir body. A processor 120 of the device 110, or @ processor remote from the device 110, may determine, from the voltages or signals (eg. from stored

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