ELECTRICITY &

MAGNETISM
ELECTRICITY &
MAGNETISM
ELECTRICITY CAN PRODUCE MAGNETISM

MAGNETISM CAN CREATE ELECTRICITY

When charges from one piece of matter

interact with those from another piece of
matter, they produce both electric and
magnetic forces.
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
ELECTRICITY IS THE INTERACTION OF ELECTRIC CHARGES.

Electric charges are a fundamental property of protons

and electrons, which make up every atom. Positive and
negative charges are the two types of electric charges.
Protons possess a positive charge, whereas electrons
carry a negative charge.
LAW OF LIKE CHARGES REPEL

ELECTRIC
CHARGES
THE ELECTRIC FORCE IS THE ATTRACTION OR
REPULSION BETWEEN CHARGED OBJECTS. UNLIKE CHARGES ATTRACT

COULOMB'S LAW
The size of charges and the distance between them
are both key factors in determining the strength of
the electric force between charged objects.
 STATIC
ELECTRICITY
THE BUILD UP OF ELECTRIC CHARGES ON AN OBJECT

When you rub a balloon against your hair, electrons from

the atoms that make up your hair transfer to the balloon,
which makes your hair positively charged due to electron
loss. The balloon becomes negatively charged due to
electron gain. When you hold the balloon several
centimeters from your head, your hair stands up due to
the attraction between the two opposite charges.
 ELECTRIC CURRENT
CURRENT ELECTRICITY IS A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF ELECTRIC CHARGE

Current is defined as the quantity of charge that flows past a given point per
unit of time. The standard unit of measurement for current is the ampere (A).

1. DIRECT CURRENT (DC)

A type of electric current where the charges flow in one direction only.
Batteries are an example of a direct current source.

2. ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)

A type of electric current that flows in one direction, then the reverse direction,
repeatedly. The electric current supplied by power companies to homes is an
example of AC.
CONDUCTORS Examples of Insulators:
• Rubber • Air

& INSULATORS • Glass

• Plastic
• Wood
• Paper

Conductors are materials that allow an

electric current to flow through them easily,
while insulators are materials that resist the
flow of electric current.
Examples of Conductors:
• Metals such as copper, aluminum, silver, and gold
• Water (when it contains dissolved salts or other
charged particles)
• Graphite (found in pencils)
• Human body (can conduct small amounts of electric
current)
PARTS OF A CIRCUIT ELECTRIC
• Energy source: An electric field created by a battery's
positively and negatively charged terminals attracts and
repels charges, providing the push to keep them moving
CIRCUITS
through a closed circuit.
LOAD
• Load: A component in a circuit that consumes electrical
energy to perform a function, such as generating light or ENERGY SOURCE
motion, and resists the flow of electric current, causing a
voltage drop.

• Wires: A low-resistance conductor that carries current in a

circuit, connecting components. Material and thickness are
WIRES
selected based on distance, current, and voltage for
efficient and safe operation.

• Switch: A switch controls a circuit by connecting or

disconnecting two metal pieces. When the pieces touch, the
circuit closes; when they separate, the circuit opens.
SWITCH
TYPES OF

SERIES
CIRCUITS
CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH A CLOSED CIRCUIT, A
LOOP WITH NO BREAKS, BUT AN OPEN CIRCUIT HAS
A BREAK AND STOPS THE CURRENT FLOW.

There are several options for connecting multiple loads in a

P A R A L L EL
circuit. Here are the two of the most common approaches:

• Series circuit: This involves connecting the loads in a line

or series, allowing the current to flow from one load to
the next in a single path.
• Parallel circuit: Here, the loads divide the current amount
of the different devices, creating a parallel connection.
 Ways to Save
Home Electricity.
2
Use AC Wisely
1 3
Turn off electronic Adjust Air Vents
devices when finished for Better Air
using them Circulation

4 6
Using Energy Using Prepaid
Saving Devices Electricity
5
Use the
Refrigerator Wisely