L earning

1
S.C. TRIPATHI
M.Sc., Ph.D.

AVICHAL PUBLISHING COMPANY

INDUSTRIAL AREA, TRILOKPUR ROAD,
KALA AMB-173030, DISTT. SIRMOUR (H.P.)
DELHI OFFICE: 1569/30 Naiwala, Karol Bagh
New Delhi - 110 005
Published by

AVICHAL PUBLISHING COMPANY

Industrial Area, Trilokpur Road
Kala Amb-173030, Distt. Sirmour (H.P.)

Delhi Office :
1569/30 Naiwala, Karol Bagh
New Delhi - 110 005 (India)
Tel.: 28752745, 28752604 Fax: 011-28756921
email: info@apcbooks.co.in

© Publishers

ISBN–978-81–7739–335–4
ISBN–978-81–7739–340–8 (Set)

First Edition: 2012

Price: 80.00

Designed at:
Laser Tech Prints

Printed at:
Capital Offset
Bawana Industrial Area, Delhi
 It gives me great pleasure in presenting the Series “Learning Science” for Classes
1 to 5.

P
Today the world of science offers us a sweeping story of events occurring around
us. In this story, there are fabulous clues to different aspects of life. With this Series
I have tried to provide a coherent explanation to the story which naturally attracts
and fascinates young and impressionable minds.

R
Teachers of millions of students are well aware of the effectiveness of the approach
which integrates current topics with take-home lessons. They will agree that any
student will stick to the lively, vibrant and easy-to-follow descriptions, rather than
going by the drab and dreary presentation of hard-core facts as has been the trend
with most of the books.

E
Keeping this in mind, in this series, I have tried to provide learning stimulus to the
young learners, so that they dare to venture into the world of science and explore on
their own the “cause-and-effect” relationship among the events happening around
them. It will encourage the children to develop critical thinking about the natural
world. It stresses more on concept-building rather than on mere rote learning.

F
The salient features of the books are:
s 7RITTEN IN SIMPLE EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND LUCID LANGUAGE
s 0ROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED WITH DIAGRAMSDESIGNS TO MAKE THE TEXT COMPREHENSIVE
Diagrams are simple, yet attractive, and match the fascination of young and
curious minds.

A s 3UFlCIENT NUMBER OF QUESTIONSEXERCISES IN VARIOUS FORMS GIVEN AT THE END OF EACH

chapter.
s -AIN CONCEPTS AND TERMS HIGHLIGHTED IN BOLD PRINTS
s %ACH CHAPTER STARTS WITH h+EYWORDSv AND ENDS WITH h,ET US 2ECOLLECTv IN BOOKS

C
3, 4 and 5.
s 4O SUPPLEMENT THE KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS INFORMATION HAS BEEN PROVIDED UNDER THE
HEADING h$O 9OU +NOWv FOR CLASSES   AND  AND h,EARN -OREv FOR CLASSES  AND 
s ! LARGE NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES HAVE BEEN GIVEN TO MAKE THE TOPICS CLEAR AND
understandable.Besides, students have been encouraged to perform simple

E
EXPERIMENTSACTIVITIES UNDER THE HEADING h9OUNG 3CIENTISTSv FOR CLASSES   AND 
AND h%XPLOREv FOR CLASSES  AND 

I hope the students and teachers will like the books which will prove useful for
learning science in an interesting manner.

) WISH TO EXPRESS MY HEARTFELT THANKS TO -R .AVEEN 'UPTA OF -S !VICHAL 0UBLISHING
Company for his active cooperation, and coordination in bringing about this series.

Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully acknowledged.

S.C. Tripathi
 CONTENTS

UNIT I: OUR BODY

1. Knowing Your Body 5
 &OOD FOR (EALTH 10
 (EALTHY (ABITS 17
Practice Sheet-I 

UNIT II: THE WORLD AROUND US

4. Natural and Man-made Things 
 0LANTS !ROUND 5S 
6. Thank You Plants! 
 !NIMALS !ROUND 5S 40
 !NIMAL (OMES AND 4HEIR &OOD 46
Practice Sheet-II 54

UNIT III: OUR ENVIRONMENT

 !IR 55
10. Water 61
11. Weather 67
 5P IN THE 3KY 
Practice Sheet-III 80
UNIT I — OUR BODY

1 Knowing Your Body

Our body has many parts. Read the names of body parts aloud.
Head
Ear
Forehead
Cheek
Eyes
Mouth
Neck Nose

Chest
Shoulder
Arm
Elbow
Stomach

Hand
Fingers
Thigh
Knees Leg

Learn More 5
100
Foot
As we grow up,
Heel
we become
taller and heavier. Toes

Teacher’s Note: Draw a human body on the blackboard and label all the parts
of the body. Discuss how each one of us differs though we have the same body
parts. Talk about the various parts of the body and the five sense organs. Discuss
their functions in detail.
 Each part of our body is important. We can do many things using
different parts of our body.

Write

Kick

Jump
Play

Eat

0 061 Run

Do it Yourself Collect this information about yourself.

When you were born At present

Your weight: .................... ....................
Your height: .................... ....................
Sense Organs

We see things around

us with our eyes.

We smell things with ourr nose.

ow
Our nose helps us to know
ll.
good smell and bad smell.

We hear different sounds with

our ears.

We taste things with our tongue.

Tastes are of four types—sweet,
sour, bitter and salty.

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100
We feel things with our skin.
Some of the things we feel
could be cold, hot, hard or soft.

Explore How do you feel when you touch:

1. your hair 2. your cheeks 3. a stone 4. a table?
 ANSWER TIME
A. Write the name of the body part used to do the following:
1. To smell a rose ...............................
2. To feel a hot thing ...............................
3. To taste an ice-cream ...............................
4. To run ...............................

B. Match the following:

1. See

2. Hear

3. Feel

4. Taste

5. Smell
0 081
C. Write the missing part of the body:

The boy has no The girl has no The boy has no

.......................... .......................... ..........................
D. Encircle the correct answer:
1. We walk with our legs / arms.
2. We write with our hands / feet.
3. We kick with our feet / hands.
4. We run with our hands / legs.

Fun Time

Colour picture A if you are a boy and picture B if you are a girl.

A B 9
100

Learn this poem by heart to learn the number of your body parts.
Ten little fingers and ten little toes,
Two little ears and one little nose,
Two little eyes, that shine so bright,
One little mouth, to kiss mummy good night.
 UNIT I — OUR BODY

2 Food for Health

We all need food. Food gives us energy. We need energy for all
the activities we do, like playing and studying.

We need food to live.

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01
It helps us to grow.
It gives us energy.
Food makes us healthy
and strong.

Teacher’s Note: Encourage the students to talk about the different types of food
they eat. Explain the importance of each kind of food with respect to good health.
Different Types of Food
These foods help us to grow.
Fish
Eggs
Learn More

MILK Our body needs a

Pulses lot of water too. We
Milk should drink at least
eight to ten glasses of
clean water everyday.
These foods give us energy.

Chapati Rice Sugar Bread

These foods keep us healthy and fit.

Do it Yourself
Collect pictures of
different types of
food and paste them
in your note book.

Fruits Vegetables 11
100

Eat healthy food. Junk food is bad for health.

 Meals
We usually have three main meals in a day. We should eat different
types of food in a meal.
We eat breakfast in the morning.

We eat lunch in the afternoon.

We eat dinner at night.

121
00

M E M B
Learn More
E Eat at least E
one meal with your family.
Brunch is a meal which R A family that
R
we eat between breakfast
and lunch time. It is a eats together, stays
late breakfast. together!
Cooked and Uncooked Food
Food is cooked before eating.
Rice, wheat, pulses and vegetables like potatoes, beans, brinjals,
pumpkins are cooked.

Cooking makes our food tasty.

It makes food soft and
easy to eat.

We eat some foods uncooked or raw.

Some vegetables like cucumber, tomato, carrot, radish, onion are
eaten uncooked.

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100

Most of fruits are eaten raw or uncooked.

We must wash fruits and vegetables
before cutting or eating them.
 ANSWER TIME Help Box
eggs
morning
A. Fill in the blanks. Use help box:
junk
fruits
1. We should not eat .................... food.
dinner
vegetables
2. We get .......................... from hens.

3. .................. and ................. keep us healthy and fit.

4. We eat .............................. at night.

5. We eat breakfast in the .............................. .

B. Write any two good food habits:

1. ...............................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................

Write any two bad food habits that you have and you need
to change:

1. ...............................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................
0 14
01

C. Answer the following questions:

1. Why do we need food?

...............................................................................................................
2. What is a meal?

...............................................................................................................
 3. Write names of any two food-items that help us to grow.
...............................................................................................................
4. When do we eat our lunch?
...............................................................................................................

D. Write G for foods that help you to grow and H for foods that
keep you healthy:

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 Fun Time

Draw and colour any two things that you have for—

Breakfast:

Lunch:

Dinner:
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01
UNIT I — OUR BODY

3 Healthy Habits
To keep ourselves fit and healthy we must—
t
eat healthy food.


t
take enough rest. t
exercise and play.

Keeping Clean

Brush your teeth twice a day.

y

Take a bath everyday.

Wear clean and well ironed clothes.

Clean your ears with ear buds. 17

100

Learn More N
Never clean your ears using any sharp
o
object. It may damage your ear drum.

Teacher’s Note: Make the students understand importance of good habits

from an early age. Discuss various good habits and ways of keeping clean.
 Trim your nails regularly.

Wash hands after visiting the toilet.

Keep your surroundings clean.

Explore Find out the names of the brands of soap,

toothpaste, hair oil and shampoo you use.

Eating Healthy Food

Eat fresh and good food.
Eat from a clean plate.
Always wash your hands
before eating.
Avoid eating junk food.

M E M B
Chew your food well.
E Eating fruits E Eat slowly.
R and vegetables R Do not talk or watch TV
protects us
from various diseases. while eating.
Never skip your meals.

018
01 Taking Enough Rest
All of us get tired after Do it Yourself
work and play. So we Complete this famous saying:
need to take rest.
Early to bed ....................................
t

Get up early
in the morning. ........................... wealthy and wise.
t

Go to bed early at night.
h
 t
Sleep for eight hours every night.
t
Take a nap in the afternoon.

Exercise and Play

Play in fresh air.

Avoid playing computer and video

games for long hours.

Exercise everyday to keep fit.

Cycling and swimming are good

exercises.

Besides these, we must develop good habits to stay healthy.

Everybody likes a child with good habits.

ANSWER TIME
A. Fill in the correct answer:

1. Brush your teeth ................... a day. (once/twice)

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100
2. Always play ...................................... . (in fresh air/video games)

3. Sleep for ...................... hours everyday. (six/eight)

4. Always eat ............................ food. (healthy/junk)

5. Exercise everyday to keep ..................... . (fit/sick)

 B. Write any two ways to stay clean:

1. ...............................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................

C. Write names of the things that you use to keep your body clean:

D. Colour the star red for a good habit and black for a bad habit:
1. Cleaning ears with a hairpin.
2. Playing in fresh air.
3. Trimming nails regularly.
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01
4. Eating stale food.

Fun Time
Flossing removes pieces of food stuck between
your teeth. Get a dental floss to the classroom.
Request your teacher to show how to floss
the teeth.
My Healthy Habit
Colour the picture:

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100

Keep your surroundings clean !

Always throw waste in a dustbin.
 PRACTICE SHEET—I
Grade: Time: 10 minutes

Tick (✓) the correct answer:

1. Which body part helps us to know good or bad smell?
(a) Nose (b) Tongue

2. For kicking a football we use our:

(a) hands (b) legs

3. We feel things with our:

(a) skin (b) eyes

4. For playing and studying we need:

(a) food (b) energy

5. Which of the food-item helps us to grow?

(a) Milk (b) Sugar

6. The food which keep us healthy and fit:

(a) vegetables (b) bread

7. Fruits are eaten:

(a) cooked (b) uncooked

8. We should take a bath:

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01
(a) everyday (b) any day

9. We should avoid:
(a) healthy food (b) junk food

10. Good exercises are:

(a) playing computer and video games
(b) cycling and swimming
UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND US

4 Natural and
Man-made Things
We see different kinds of things around us. These are either
natural or man-made. Let us know about some natural and
man-made things.

Natural Things
Things
g that are found in nature are called natural things.

Tree Sun
S Water

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100

Rock

Human
H Animal
Teacher’s Note: Make the students identify natural and man-made things on their
own. Discuss their suggestions and derive the features of natural things.
 Man-made Things
Things like toys, books and bags are made by man. They are called
man-made things.

Books
Toys

Car Aeropl
Aeroplane

024
01

House Bags

Explore Visit your school garden and write the names of

any 5 natural and 5 man-made things that you see.
 ANSWER TIME Help Box
water
A. Fill in the blanks. Use help box: animals
man
1. Plants and ....................... are natural things. chair
natural
2. ....................... is a man-made thing.

3. ....................... is a natural thing.

4. ....................... things are found in nature.

5. Houses and clothes are made by ....................... .

B. Draw or paste pictures of:

Two natural things

Two man-made things 25

100
 C. Tick (✓) the man-made things:

Fun Time

Colour only the natural things.

026
01
UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND US

5 Plants Around Us

We see many plants around us. Most of them are green.

PARTS OF A PLANT
Just as our body has different parts, a plant too has many parts.
Flower, leaf, fruit, bud, stem and root are the parts of a plant.
Flower: It produces seeds or fruits.

Leaf: It makes food for plant.

Learn More
Fruit: It contains seed.

We eat different
Bud: It is the baby flower.
parts of a plant.

Stem: It carries food and water to 27

100
all parts of the plant.

Roots: It holds the plant in the soil. It also

absorbs water from the soil.

Teacher’s Note: Spend some time with your students in the school garden and
show them different types of plants. Explain the difference between trees, shrubs
and herbs.
 KINDS OF PLANTS
Plants differ in shapes and sizes. Some plants are tall and big, some
short and bushy. Some plants are very weak and thin.

Big Plants Learn More

Very big and strong plants are
Paper is made from trees.
called trees. They have a thick
Do not waste paper.
and brown stem called trunk.
Save trees.

Ashoka Mango Coconut Neem

Small Plants
Small and bushy plants are called shrubs.
m.
They have a thin and brown stem.

Rose
028
01
Cotton plant

Hibiscus
Jasmine
Very small plants are called herbs.
They have a soft and green stem.
They grow for one season only.

Mint Grass Coriander

Coriande Brinjal

Do it Yourself Try to unscramble the names of some

small plants:
ORES ..................................... SRASG .....................................
TMIN ..................................... TOCNOT .....................................

LAJIRBN .....................................

Plants with Weak Stems

Some plants have weak stems. They cannot grow straight
on their own. Some of them take support to grow. They are
called climbers.

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100
Grapevine Money plant

Peas Beans
 Some plants grow along the ground. They are called creepers.

Pumpkin Plant Watermelon plant

SOME MORE PLANTS

Water Plants
Lotus and water lily are plants that grow in water.

Learn More

Plants that grow in

water are also called
aquatic plants.
Lotus Water lily

Desert Plants
Some plants grow in the
030
01 desert. They need very less
water to grow. They have
thorns on them. Cactus and
date palm are desert plants.
Cactus Date palm

Explore Visit your neighbourhood and observe different

plants and trees. Try to find out their names from your elders.
 ANSWER TIME
A. Match the following:
1. Trees (a) Bushy

2. Shrubs (b) Support

3. Climbers (c) One season

4. Herbs (d) Trunk

B. Write names of any two:

1. Big plants .................................. , ..................................

2. Small plants .................................. , ..................................

3. Water plants .................................. , ..................................

4. Desert plants .................................. , ..................................

C. Fill in the correct word:

1. ........................ grow along the ground.

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100
2. ........................ have a soft and green stem. Help Box
creepers
3. ........................ is a desert plant.
lotus
4. ........................ have a thick and brown stem. herbs
cactus
5. An example of water plant is ........................ .
trees
 D. Guess the part of plant:

1. It grows under the ground. .........................

2. It makes food for the plant. .........................

3. It carries food and water to all parts. .........................

4. It contains seed. .........................

5. It produces fruit and seeds. .........................

E. Draw a plant and label its parts:

032
01
 Fun Time

Collect pictures of different types of plants and make a collage

in the space given below:

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100
 UNIT II — THE WORLD AROUND US

6 Thank You Plants!

Most of our food comes from plants. Plants give us fruits, vegetables,
cereals and pulses.

Fruits
Fruits are fleshy and juicy parts of plants. We eat the fruits of
many plants.

Cherry
Mango
Apple

034
01

Banana
Orange
Grapes

Teacher’s Note: Explain the importance of plants in our lives. Tell the students
about the hard work put in by the farmers to grow food for us. Explain to them
that we eat different parts of plants.
Vegetables
We get vegetables from different parts of plants like roots, stems,
seeds, flowers, leaves and fruits.

Carrot
(root) Onion
(stem)
Spinach
S i
(leaf)

Tomato
(fruit)
Peas
(seed)

Cauliflower Ginger
(flower) (stem)

M E M B Recite
E Vegetables are E Tomato, potato, carrot
very good for health.
R So eat lots of green
R and bean.
vegetables in Cabbage and turnip and
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100
every meal. vegetables green.
Eat them all without a fuss.
As they are so good for us.

Do it Yourself Visit a green grocer. Try to identify different

fruits and vegetables he has. Find out their
names in English and in your local language.
 Cereals
Cereals are also called food grains. They give us energy.
Cereals are seeds of plants.

Maize
M

Wheat

Rice
Ri
i
Jowar

Pulses
Pulses are also seeds of plants. They help us to grow. We cook
pulses before eating them.

036
01
Urad dal Gram

Kabul gram Moong dal

Explore See the different types of pulses in your kitchen.

Find out their names and try to memorise them.
Spices
Spices add colour, smell and taste to the food.

Red chillies
Mustard (Lal mirch) Coriander seeds
(Rai) (Dhaniya)

Cardamom Cinnamon
(Elaichi) (Dalchini)

Turmeric
Coffee and Tea (Haldi)

Coffee, tea and sugar also come from plants.

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100

We get coffee from Tea leaves are dried We get sugar from the
seeds of coffee plant. and used as tea. juice of sugarcane stem.
 ANSWER TIME
A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Most of our food comes from .........................

2. Cereals are also called .....................................

3. ................................ help us to grow.

4. ........................ are fleshy and juicy parts of plants.

5. Pulses are .................................... of plants.

6. Tea ............................. are dried and used as tea.

B. Draw pictures of your favourite fruit and vegetable:

Fruit Vegetable

038
01

I love to eat ..................... I love to eat .....................

C. Write names of any two:
1. Fruits .................................. , ..................................

2. Vegetables .................................. , ..................................

3. Cereals .................................. , ..................................

4. Pulses .................................. , ..................................

5. Spices .................................. , ..................................

D. Mark a tick (✓) for the correct sentences and a cross (✕) for the
incorrect sentences:
1. We get sugar from the juice of the sugarcane stem.
2. We get coffee from coffee leaves.
3. Spices give smell and taste to our food.
4. We can eat pulses without cooking.
5. Cereals give us energy.

Fun Time
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100
Be a chef !
Let’s make a sprout salad
Take some sprouts. Mix chopped
onions, tomatoes and coriander
leaves to them. Add chat masala
and squeeze some lemon juice on
it. Serve it in an attractive bowl.