PT.

BHAGWAT DAYAL SHARMA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH

SCIENCES, ROHTAK (HARYANA)

SYNOPSIS

ON

“A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE

AND PRACTICE REGARDING HOUSEHOLD WASTE

MANAGEMENT AMONG HOUSEWIVES

AT SELECTED RURAL AREA OF HISAR.”

GUIDE
Mrs. Anuprabha

Associate professor cum HOD

Dept. of Community Health Nursing

MAMC, Agroha, Hisar. MAMC, Agroha, Hisar

BY

Rachna
(M.sc Nursing)

1
 PT. BHAGWAT DAYAL SHARMA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH

SCIENCES, ROHTAK (HARYANA)

PERFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR

DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE Rachna

AND ADDRESS FIRST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING

MAHARAJA AGRASEN COLLEGE OF

NURSING, AGROHA, HISAR,

HARYANA

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION MAHARAJA AGRASEN COLLEGE OF

NURSING, AGROHA, HISAR,

HARYANA

3. COURSE OF THE STUDY AND MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

SUBJECT (COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING)

4. DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE 15/10/2022

COURSE

5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC (STUDY TITLE) “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS

THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE
REGARDING HOUSEHOLD WASTE

2
 MANAGEMENT AMONG HOUSEWIVES
AT SELECTED RURAL AREA OF
HISAR.”

BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

"Be yourself the change you wish to see in this world." (Mahatma Gandhi)

We have to ensure a good health by keeping our house and surrounding clean. Waste
has remained an inseparable part of the human society and environment to which man is
continuously exposed. Improper management of waste leads to contamination of atmosphere,
soil and water, thereby causing a major impact on public health in various ways (Roy R.N,
Saha I, 2013).1

Any material that is dispose is entitled as waste. Items that people not have any longer
use are considered as waste, it includes, paper, vegetables, plastics, metals, glass, containers
etc. The procedure of collecting, processing, transporting, disposing, monitoring and
managing of waste materials known as a waste management. Materials produced by human
activity and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on environment and
health, the. Due to increase in urbanization and population were largely responsible for the
increase in domestic waste. Due to increase domestic waste more garbage is lying uncollected
at road side, dustbins, streets and on the ground, it causes hazard to public health and
environment.2

Inappropriate management and handling of domestic waste causes bad effect on the
health and environment.3

Waste management is a global as well as national and local issue. It has now become
basic human right which is a part of basic human needs. (UNEP, 2015).4

3
 Swachh Bharat Abhiyan led by the government of India aims to make India a clean
nation, the focus was on cleaning the environment. It includes all the measures to be adopted
by Indian public to assure healthy Indian citizen. Everyone is directly or indirectly involved
to maintain and promote one’s health.5

The Global Waste Management Goals are already explicit within the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). ISWA focus on developing countries to mobilize international
aid, environmental and climate funds to assist the poorest countries by increasing the level of
funding on waste management from 0.3% since 2000 to an average of 3% of total
international aid funding in the period from 2015 to 2030 (ISWA, 2012).6

Around the world, waste generation rates are rising. In 2012 the world’s cities
generated 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year, amounting to 1.2 kg per person per day.
With rapid population growth and urbanisation, municipal waste generation is expected to
rise to 2.2 billion tonnes by 2025 (The World Bank, 2018).7

Urban India generated 31.6 million tonnes of waste in 2001, 47.3 million tonnes in
2011. By 2041 waste generation is predicted to be 161 million tonnes, a fivefold increase in
four decades. More than 90% of waste in India is believed to be dumped in an unsatisfactory
manner (Annepu R.K, 2012).8

The household wastes can be classified as biodegradable and nonbiodegradable waste.

Biodegradable wastes are wastes like food waste that can be decomposed by biological
processes. This should be composted at the community level. Non-biodegradable wastes are
wastes like plastics, broken glass, etc that cannot be decomposed, that can be segregated and
sold or recycled. Waste segregation is the sorting out or separating out the biodegradable and
nonbiodegradable waste in to separate bins.9

Waste should be properly stored before disposal. Storage is the action of accumulating
rubbish before disposal.10

There are different kinds of wastes like kitchen waste, garden waste, leather, rubber,
glass, plastics, electronic waste, etc. E-waste is a common terminology used for electronic
equipment such as TV, refrigerators, telephones, air conditioners, computers, mobile phones
etc that is not in use now by the current user.11

Hazardous wastes are those wastes which can cause a hazard to the ecological or
environmental balance. These includes batteries, cooking oil, pesticides, fertilizers etc. 12

4
 Lack of a proper environmental sanitation system and poor hygiene can lead to
deterioration of public health. Sanitation is a crucial barrier to the faecal-oral disease
transmission and the environmental contamination.13

Waste management is the process of collecting, transporting, processing or disposing,

managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced
by human activity and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health,
and the environment.14

Household solid waste management is a major public health concern among the
community people throughout the world and closely related to daily human life. Household
solid waste management means the collection, transport, processing, recycling, disposal, and
monitoring of waste materials.15

Household solid waste (HSW) has both direct and indirect effects on the environment
and human welfare. Improper household solid waste management causes serious health
effects in daily life. Poor waste management, inadequate collection, and improper disposal of
the waste facility could lead to various diseases, infections, and infestation. These include
Malaria, Typhoid, Diarrhea, Cholera, Helminthiasis, and Dysentery.16

Poor management of household solid waste destroys the natural beauty; damage the
landscape, fire hazards, foul smells, unpleasantness, additional dredging costs of waterways,
silting up of reservoirs, and decrease in plant productivity, deterioration of structures and
structural foundations, and depreciation of land value.17

Home is the first place from where solid waste management can be initiated. It is the
responsibility of each individual to dispose waste in the right way. While most people blame
big industries for the poor disposal of waste, the truth is that even poor disposal of waste at
the domestic level can hurt the environment. There is need to improve knowledge and
practice among the housewives regarding household waste management.

5
NEED FOR STUDY

Owing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do."

“Johann Wolfgang von Goethe”

A clean environment influences good health and improves the quality of human life.
Lack of good and enough infrastructures, insufficient coverage of collection system,
inadequate awareness, and less involvement of the household key stakeholder are the main
reasons for improper household solid waste management in the community. Awareness of
various aspects of waste management can help to reduce waste generation and improve the
waste management process.18

Yearly, Asia alone generates five billion tones of solid waste and municipal solid
waste comprise eight hundred million tones of which about forty eight million tones are
generated in India. By the year Two thousand fifty, municipal solid waste generation in India
is expected to reach three hundred million tones and land requirement for disposal of this
waste would be 170 km. Due to that increase in per capita waste generation rates from 1.2
kilogram to 1.42 kilogram per person per day in the next 15 years. Due to rise of cities and
town disposal of waste became problematic, where large numbers of people live in small
areas to pursuit of livelihood. Output of daily waste depends upon the lifestyle, dietary habits,
living standards, urbanization and industrialization. India alone generates more than 1.43 lakh
tone per day which is higher than many countries.19

A Global Review of Solid Waste Management, estimated that cities currently generate
roughly 1.3 billion tone of solid waste per year, due to current urbanization trends, this will
grow to 2.2 billion tons per year by 2025 i.e an increase of 70%.20

India generates about 49.8 million tonnes of solid waste annually. World over annual
waste generation estimates are pegged at almost 2 billion tonnes, and are expected to grow to
3.4 billion tonnes, an increase of 70% by 2050. Countries like India that fall in the world’s
fastest growing regions of South-Asia and Sub Saharan Africa, are projected to witness a
much higher, three-fold rise in waste generation by 2050.21

6
 In India we produce 300 to 400 Gms of solid waste per person per day in town of
Normal size but exceptionally about 500 to 800gms of solid waste is generated per capita per
day in metro cities like Delhi and Bombay. It is estimated by TERI that in 1997 India
released about 7 million tons of methane into the atmosphere. This could increase to 39
million tons by 2047 if no efforts are made to reduce the emission through composting,
recycling, etc.22

Waste is defined as unwanted remains, residues discarded and material or by products

which are no longer required by the initial user. These materials are by-products of human
activities such as process of preparation, manufacture, packing, repacking, unpacking,
construction, renovation of structures and mining operations. Almost any substance that is
discarded is designated as waste, but it may be considered as a potential resource. Virtually
everything also in the “waste stream” has residual value for someone or some business in the
community. Waste can serve as valuable resources as ground cover to reduce erosion,
fertilizer to nourish the crops and the source of energy etc.23

Classification of waste- There may be different types of waste such as Domestic

waste, Factory waste, Waste from oil factory, E-waste, Construction waste, Agricultural
waste, Food processing waste, Bio-medical waste, Nuclear waste, Slaughter house waste
etc.24

Household waste is categorized with respect to several respects. The following list is
typical: biodegradable waste (such as meals, cooking waste, green waste, and paper),
recyclable materials (such as paper, cardboard, glass, bottles, jars, tin boxes, aluminum
boxes, foil, metals, plastics, fabrics, clothing, tires, and batteries), inert waste (waste building
demolition, dirt, rocks, and debris), electrical and electronic waste (e.g. electrical appliances,
light bulbs, washing machines, televisions, computers, screens, cell phones, alarm clocks, and
watches), composite waste (waste clothing and waste plastics such as toys), which includes
hazardous waste (most paints, chemicals, tires, batteries, light bulbs, electrical appliances,
fluorescent lamps, aerosol spray boxes, and fertilizers), and lastly, toxic waste (including
pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides), which includes biomedical waste (expired drugs)
(Kumar et al., 2016).24

The household wastes can be classified as biodegradable and nonbiodegradable

waste. Biodegradable wastes are wastes like food waste that can be decomposed by
biological processes. This should be composted at the community level. Non

7
biodegradable wastes are wastes like plastics, broken glass, etc that cannot be
decomposed, that can be segregated and sold or recycled. Waste segregation is the sorting out
or separating out the biodegradable and nonbiodegradable waste in to separate bins. Domestic
waste management problem is drawing attention of the people as huge garbage is lying down
uncollected beside the roads, streets dustbins and on the ground which is causing threat to the
environment as well as endangering public health and this deteriorates the environment. 25

Uncollected waste and improper disposal techniques get clogged in to drains which
lead to mosquitoes by which various diseases like malaria, chikungunya, viral fever, dengue
etc. arise and affect the health of people adversely. Poor domestic waste management also
displays an ugly scenario of the environment25

India has undertaken several waste management programmes. In 1999, the

Government of India restructured the Comprehensive Rural Sanitation Programme and
launched the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) which was later (on 1 April 2012) renamed
Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA). The regulatory framework for waste management is related
to Indian government Initiatives for waste management under Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small &
Medium Towns (UIDSSMT), “Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules (1999)
amended and now known as The Plastics Manufacture and Usage (Amendment) Rules
(2003), “Draft Guidelines for Sanitation in Slaughter Houses (1998)” by Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB), Non-biodegradable Garbage (Control) Ordinance, 2006, Municipal
Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, etc. 26

In a day-to-day life many people are unaware of the proper domestic waste disposal
and its harmful effects on the health and environment. Community based education,
especially in women, on household waste management is essential in order to improve the
health of the community. Household waste management problem is drawing attention of the
people as huge garbage is lying down uncollected beside the roads, streets dustbins and on
the ground which is causing threat to the environment as well as endangering public health
and this deteriorates the environment. Women residing in the rural area must have basic
knowledge on segregation and disposal of household waste.

In rural communities there is lack of knowledge regarding household waste

management. People commonly collect all type of waste in common bin and discard in a
common land. The community people were unaware of household waste management

8
procedure and hazards of improper waste management. So there is need to educate women of
rural communities regarding household waste management because women are the main
handlers of household waste.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

“A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding household waste
management among housewives at selected rural area of Hisar.”

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding household waste management among the

housewives at selected rural area of Hisar.
2. To assess the practice level regarding household waste management among the
housewives at selected rural area of Hisar.
3. To find out the association between knowledge and practice score regarding
household waste management among the housewives with their selected demographic
variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1. Assess: In this study assess means to find out the existing knowledge regarding
household waste management among the housewives.
2. Knowledge: In this study knowledge refers to the information, understanding and
skill regarding household waste management that they have gained through their
learning or experiences as measured by structured knowledge questionnaire.
3. Practice: In this study practice means the actions carried out by the housewives
regarding household waste management.
4. Housewives: Housewives refer to married women who do not have a paid job but
instead looks after her home and children.
5. Household waste: Household waste refers to the domestic or residential disposable
material or waste which is generated by household.
6. Household waste management: Household waste management refers to the actions
and activities of housewives to manage their household waste.

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ASSUMPTIONS

The study assumes that

 Housewives may have the basic knowledge regarding household waste management.
 The knowledge of the housewives regarding the household waste management may
influence their practice.

The study assumed that students

have some
HYPOTHESIS

H1: There is relationship between knowledge and practice score regarding household waste
management among housewives.

H2: There is a significant association between knowledge and practice score regarding
household waste management among housewives with their selected demographic variables
at 0.05 level of significant.

DELIMITATIONS

The study will be delimited to housewives who are residing in selected rural area of Hisar.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual framework refers to the interrelated concepts that are assembled
together in rational scheme by virtue of their relevance to the common theme. (Polit and
Hungler 1999)

Conceptual frame work for this study is modified based on Health Belief Model. This
model attempts to explain and identify the level of knowledge and practice of housewives
regarding household waste management.

Individual Perception- Individual perception is the first component of this model which
includes perceived susceptibility/seriousness of illness related to inadequate Knowledge and
Practice on household waste management among housewives.

Modifying factors- The second component of the model consists of modifying factors such
as, demographic characteristics, perceived threat of illnesses and cue to action.

1. Demographic variables: Personal characteristics of the housewives will be age, religion,

educational qualification, size of the family, income of the family and source of information.

2. Perceived threat: In this study perceived threats are environmental pollution, risk of
infection.

3. Cue to action: Source of information

Likelihood of action- The third component of this present model is the Likelihood of action.
A person will take preventive action which involves the perception of benefits of taking
action. However action may not take place, even though an individual may believe that the
benefits of taking action are effective. Individuals are more likely to engage in preventive

11
health behaviour when barriers are low and they perceive that they are susceptible to an
illness or injury.

In this study the perceived benefits may be good knowledge, adequate waste
management practice. Practice. The Perceived barriers are poor knowledge, inadequate waste
management practice. When the ill effects and the barriers are low, the housewives are more
likely to take certain health action like gaining additional knowledge and practice on
household waste management.

If the housewife’s knowledge and practice were found poor the researcher can plan
for education to the housewives regarding household waste management.

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INDIVIDUAL FACTOR MODIFYING FACTOR
LIKELIHOOD OF ACTION

PERCEIVED
SUSCEPTIBILITY Perceived benefits-
Good knowledge

Demographic variables Adequate practice of household

Inadequate waste management.
knowledge and Age, religion, educational
practice regarding qualification, size of the Perceived barriers-
household waste family, income of the family Poor knowledge
management and source of information.
Inadequate practice of household
waste management.

Perceived threat- Pollution, risk of

infection

Cues to action- Source of information

FIGURE 1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (ROSENSTOCK,1999)

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 CHAPTER-II

LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic of
interest, often prepared to put a research problem in context. It describes how the intended
research is related to previous research in statistics. It also shows the novelty and
applicability of the research problem. Literature review helps to lay the foundation for a study
and can also inspire new research ideas. The obtained literature is literature related to
knowledge and practice regarding household waste management.

The literature reviews obtained in the study were organized and presented in the following
sections-

1. Review of literature related to knowledge regarding household waste management.

2. Review of literature related to knowledge and attitude regarding household waste
management.
3. Review of literature related to knowledge and practice regarding household waste
management.

1. Review of literature related to knowledge regarding household waste management.

Yasmin, B & Mir, et. al. (2023) conducted a study on Impact of structured teaching
programme on rural housewives regarding knowledge of household waste management s
maqbool. Waste management is a key factor for a better environment and its initial step
begins in the management of household waste. Proper disposal of waste prevent pollution that
could endanger human health and environment. The house in which one and one's family live
needs to be clean and tidy as well as hygienic for the good health of their family.27

Chaudhary Mihir, et. al. (2021) conducted a study on “Effectiveness of Structured

Teaching Programme Regarding Waste Management of Dry Waste and Wet Waste.” An
evaluative research approach with pre-experimental design was used and this study
conducted at kamrej sainath row-house area of Surat. The sample comprised of 30
housewives. Sample was selected by cluster nonrandom sample technique. The result of the
study concluded that house wives improved knowledge of waste management of dry waste
and wet waste after conduction of structured teaching programme. The structured teaching

14
programme regarding waste management of dry waste and wet waste was highly effective in
improving the knowledge of housewives.28

Badli Sanjeev; et. al. (2020) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of
structured teaching programme on knowledge of household waste management among
selected women at vantamuri village Belagavi. Quasi experimental design with one group
pre-test & post-test design was carried over a period of 3 months on 50 selected women of
Vantamuri village, Belagavi, Karnataka. In study, Result revealed that, the overall mean
knowledge score in the pre-test was 52.5% and 83.9 % in the post test with enhancement of
31.4% and it is signifcant at 5% level. Among demographic variables analyzed in the study it
was inferred that there is a signifcant association between knowledge score and the selected
demographic variables on household waste management among women knowledge scores at
5% level. The study concluded that STP was effective in improving the knowledge of
Women on household waste management.29

Sandhu Renuka; (2020) conducted a study on "Knowledge Regarding Domestic

Waste Management among Women". A community based descriptive study was conducted
to assess the knowledge regarding domestic waste management among women at village
Nangal Shahidan of district Hoshiarpur, Punjab. Non- Probability purposive sampling
technique was used to obtain a sample of 50 women for the research study. The overall
knowledge score sampling showed that 4% had an excellent knowledge whereas 50% had
fair knowledge regarding domestic waste management.30

Patidar Dayalal, Patidar Roshni ; (2019) conducted a descriptive study to assess the
knowledge regarding domestic waste management and its, effect on health among home
makers from selected rural area of Mehsana District. Quantitative non experimental
descriptive survey research design was used. by using simple random sampling technique.
This study was also done on 100 sample. In this study overall the 10% of the sample had poor
knowledge (score 0-8), 58% of them had average knowledge (score 9-16) and 32 of them had
good Knowledge (score 17-24) regarding Domestic waste management and its effect on
health. The finding of the study reveal that samples has average knowledge about domestic
waste management and its effect on health.31

Chouhan, Sandeep & Nawale, Anita; (2018) Conducted a study to assess the
knowledge regarding domestic waste management and its effect on health among home
makers. A quantitative study by using descriptive design was used, a sample size of 300

15
homemakers was selected by using Non-Probability convenience sampling technique. The
study revealed that among 300 homemakers, majority 181 (60%) had average knowledge
followed by 102 (34%) have poor knowledge, only 17 (6%) have good knowledge of
domestic waste management. Regarding effect of domestic waste management on health,
majority 183 (61%) have average knowledge followed by 84 (28%) have poor knowledge
and only 33 (11%) have good knowledge of effete of domestic waste management on health.
Researcher concludes that women play a key role in domestic waste management and they do
not have appropriate knowledge. There is a need to educate women regarding waste
management.32

2. Review of literature related to knowledge and attitude regarding household waste

management.

Eshete, H., et. al. (2023) conducted a study on Knowledge, attitudes and practices on
household solid waste management and associated factors in Gelemso town, Ethiopia. A
community-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the households’ KAP of
SWM in Gelemso town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 390
households from Gelemso town and data was collected using a structured questionnaire.
About 96% of the households considered solid waste as a source of environmental pollution
and close to 92% of them replied that solid waste can be used for compost preparation.
Majority (87.4%) of the households “strongly agreed” about the potential risk associated with
improper solid waste disposal and nearly 80% of them also “strongly agreed” that proper
SWM is crucial to create a healthy environment in the community. Nearly 80% had practiced
improper SWM. In conclusion, the majority of the households had practiced improper
SWM.33

Deb P; (2021) conducted A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding
Household Waste Management among Housewives in Selected Urban Slum Area, Agartala,
Tripura West in a View to Develop Pamphlet. In this study housewives of urban slum area
were selected as a sample 100 (hundred) samples were selected for the study by non-
probability purposive sampling technique. The finding of the study revealed that in regarding
the household waste and its management among 100 number of housewives (in the age of 18
and its above), 23% of housewives are having adequate knowledge 35% of housewives is
having moderate knowledge and 42% of housewives having inadequate knowledge and 20%

16
of housewives is having positive attitude, 33% housewives having average attitude and 47%
housewives having negative attitude. 34

David Rinu; Pullan Joseph Shaly; (2021) conducted a Study to assess the
knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding household waste disposal among women,
Chittattukara with a view to prepare an information leaflet. The research approach was
quantitative and the research design adopted was descriptive survey design. 100 women in
Chittattukara area, Thrissur were selected by convenience sampling technique. The result
revealed that there was significant association between the level of knowledge and practice
regarding household waste disposal among women with selected demographic variables and
improvement in knowledge and practice after administration of an information leaflet. 35

Eshwari, K., et. al. (2019) conducted a study on Knowledge, attitude and practices
towards household solid waste management among semi-urban residents-a community based
cross sectional study from southern part of coastal karnataka, india. A community based cross
sectional study was conducted among semi-urban residents of field practice area of a Medical
College in Karnataka, India. A total of 441 households were included in to the study. The
overall knowledge (60.3%), attitude (61.5%) and practices (72.8%) towards solid waste
among the participants was near satisfactory. More than 90% were aware about the effects of
inappropriate management of waste on health and environment. It was identified that having
a better education and holding a skilled and professional jobs were the independent predictors
of knowledge and attitude. The gaining momentum among public towards management of
solid waste can be further strengthened by taking in to account the identified predictors like
education and occupation of the residents.36

Singh Sangita; (2019) A Study to assess the Knowledge and Attitude of women
regarding household waste management in Urban population of Patna. A Non-experimental,
descriptive study was conducted in urban population of Patna. The study sample consisted of
total 150 women of 21-65 years of age. Findings revealed that maximum number of women
(64%) had adequate knowledge regarding household waste management and maximum
women (53.34%) had positive attitude regarding household waste management. The overall
study finding has shown that maximum women had adequate knowledge and positive attitude
regarding household waste management. Still a significant percentage of women were
lacking the knowledge and attitude regarding household waste management which indicates
the necessity of imparting the knowledge regarding household waste management.37

17
 Kaithery, Nivya & Karunakaran, Usha. (2019) conducted a study on attitude of
household waste management in a rural area of Northern Kerala. A total of 400 households
were studied. Multistage sampling was done. Out of the 400 participants, 93.8% of the study
population had above average attitude and 6.2% had below average attitude. Almost 70% had
the belief that government is not doing anything to fix the garbage problem. About 97%,
88.6% and 92% were willing to do composting, segregation and recycling of waste
respectively. This study concluded that continuous awareness programmes have to be
conducted on safe waste disposal and efforts should be made to sustain the supervision of
household waste management.38

Laor, P., Suma, Y., et. al. (2018) conducted a study on "Knowledge, attitude and practice
of municipal solid waste management among highland residents in Northern Thailand". A
cross-sectional study was conducted in Mae Fah Luang district, Thailand. A random sample
of 451 respondents constituted the study population. Overall, 73 percent of respondents had
high level of knowledge; 85 percent of respondents showed neutral attitude; and 59 percent of
respondents performed moderate practice on MSW management. The results highlighted that
age and education levels were statistically significant associated with KAP levels on MSW
management at (p=0.05).39

3. Review of literature related to knowledge and practice regarding household waste

management.

Brar Kajal; et. al. (2023) A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice
Regarding Domestic Waste Management and its Effects on Health among Homemakers in
Selected Urban Areas of Yamunanagar District, Haryana. Non-experimental descriptive
survey research approach was used for this study and the study was conducted in selected
areas of Yamunanagar district, Haryana. A total of 100 samples of homemakers were selected
by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The result shows that the majority of
them 42% had moderate knowledge and 34% had good knowledge. Poor knowledge was seen
among 24%. The majority of the homemakers in the study 53% had average practice, 27%
had a good practice and 20% had poor practice regarding domestic waste management.
Hence it concluded that further improvement of knowledge and practice on domestic waste
management is needed in this area.40

W. Fadhullah; et al. (2022) Household solid waste management practices and

perceptions among residents in the East Coast of Malaysia. A total of 338 households were

18
interviewed in the survey. The results of the study revealed that 74.3 % of households
disposed of food debris as waste and 18.3% disposed of plastic materials as waste. The study
also showed that 50.3% of the households segregate their waste while 49.7% did not. About
95.9% of the respondents were aware that improper waste management leads to disease; such
as diarrhoea and malaria. This study highlights the importance to design waste separation
programs that suit the needs of targeted population as a boost towards sustainable solid waste
management practices.41

Sultana Sharmin; et. al. (2021) conducted a study on "Awareness and Practice on
Household Solid Waste Management among the Community People". A descriptive co-
relational study design was used. A total of 112 participants were selected with the
convenience sampling technique. Finding of the study shows that the mean awareness
regarding household solid waste management was 7.96 (SD = 1.64) and the mean practice
was 2.94 (SD = 1.35) respectively. It indicates that the awareness and practice of community
people were at a moderate level. This study concluded that overall awareness and practice
level of household solid waste management were at a moderate level among the community
people. Training on household solid waste management and recyclable waste management
were statistically significantly correlated with household solid waste management. 42

Deb P; (2021) conducted a study on “A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude
Regarding Household Waste Management among Housewives in Selected Urban Slum Area,
Agartala, Tripura West in a View to Develop Pamphlet.” In this study housewives of urban
slum area were selected as a sample 100 (hundred) samples were selected for the study by
non-probability purposive sampling technique. The finding of the study revealed that in
regarding the household waste and its management among 100 number of housewives (in the
age of 18 and its above), 23% of housewives are having adequate knowledge 35% of
housewives is having moderate knowledge and 42% of housewives having inadequate
knowledge and 20% of housewives is having positive attitude, 33% housewives having
average attitude and 47% housewives having negative attitude.43

Dutta Anupama; et. al. (2021) conducted a study to assess the knowledge and
practices on household waste management among the slum dwellers of Kamrup Metro,
Assam. A quantitative descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A total of 98 slum
dwellers were selected by multistage sampling techniques, samples were drawn
proportionately from 6 slums under Kamrup Metro, Assam. The study found that majority

19
69(70.4%) of the respondents had average knowledge and maximum number of respondents
52(53.1%) had average level of practices on household waste management. The study
revealed that majority of the slum dwellers of Kamrup Metro, Assam had average level of
knowledge and practices on household waste management. Awareness can be generated
regarding the importance of proper household waste management by health education,
distribution of pamphlet, etc. in order to improve their knowledge and practices.44

Babay Abin; et. al. (2020) Conducted a correlative study to assess the knowledge and
practice of housewives regarding household waste management in selected rural community
at Mangalore with a View to Provide an Information Pamphlet. A descriptive correlative
research design was used for this study. The sample comprised of 60 housewives between 18-
55 years of age. The sample was drawn through purposive sampling technique. The study
was carried out in rural community at Mangalore. Majority of the subjects (65%) were having
only average knowledge with knowledge score ranging between 0-20 with median 18 and SD
3.01 and majority of the subjects were have moderate practice score on waste management
with median 20 and SD 3.52. The findings of this study suggest that there is a need for
educating the mothers regarding the proper household waste management. Women take a key
role in housekeeping and disposing domestic waste.45

Kumari Puja et al. (2020) conducted a study on knowledge and practice regarding
household waste management among women in selected rural area at Puducherry. Cross
sectional descriptive study was conducted among women (210) residing in the village
Ramanathapuram, Pondicherry in the age group of 18–55 years. The knowledge level of the
rural women regarding disposal of waste was inadequate as mean score was less than 50% of
the total score (13). The practice of waste disposal was inappropriate. The study concluded
that the most of the women residing in the rural area were having inadequate knowledge,
practice was inappropriate at most of the situation.46

Yadav Khushboo; et. al. (2020) A study to assess knowledge and practice regarding
The Proper Disposal of Refuse and Sewage among housewives in the selected rural area of
Lucknow Uttar Pradesh with view to develop a Booklet.” Findings of the study showed that
40% had average knowledge and majority 72 % of the subjects followed unsafe practices on
waste disposal. Majority 77.3% subjects had positive practice towards proper disposal of
sewage. 82% of subjects admitted that they need more detail information about ill-effects and
71.7% accepts that mass media plays an important role in habit formation. There was

20
statistically significant association between knowledge and practice at p<.001. 23.5% of
subjects having poor knowledge had positive practice compared to 6.9% of subjects having
good knowledge. 35.4% subjects having average knowledge exhibits negative practice as
against 3.4% subjects with good knowledge. The study showed that after assessing
knowledge and practice of college housewives regarding proper disposal of waste and
sewage, there is an urgent need for the health care providers for developing programs for
prevention and eradication of proper disposal of sewage from the housewives.47

Shelke Madhuri; (2019) conducted a study to assess the knowledge and practices of
household waste management among housewives in selected urban areas of Pune city with a
view to develop an information booklet. Population under study includes 500 housewives at
urban of areas Pune city. Research approach was quantitative research approach was
exploratory descriptive survey design. The sampling is done by systematic random sampling
technique. Conclusion It has been seen that most of the housewives staying in selected urban
area of Pune city Pune city are not aware of household waste management. Therefore
information booklet has been provided to the housewives, to increase the level of knowledge
and practices as well.48

21
 CHAPTER-III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN: Descriptive design.

RESEARCH APPROACH: Quantitative research approach.

RESEARCH SETTING: The selected rural area of Hisar.

POPULATION: Housewives living in selected rural area of Hisar.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE: 100 housewives will be selected as sample.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Non- probability purposive sampling technique.

SAMPLING CRITERIA:

Inclusion criteria

The following inclusion criteria are set to select the samples.

 Housewives residing in selected rural area of Hisar.

 Housewives who will be willing to participate in the study.
 Housewives who will be in between 20-40 years of age
 Housewives who can read and write in Hindi.
 Housewives who will be present at the time of data collection.

Exclusion criteria

Samples excluded in the present study were housewives,

 Not available at the time of data collection.

 Those who will not be willing to participate in study.

RESEARCH VARIABLES:

• Dependent variable: Knowledge and practice of household waste management

22
• Demographic variables: The demographic variables will be age, religion, educational
qualification, size of the family, income of the family and source of information.

PILOT STUDY – Pilot study will be conducted on 10% of sample of main study sample
size.

DATA COLLECTION TOOLS AND TECHNIQUE

Description of the Tool

A structured knowledge questionnaire will be prepared and used to assess knowledge

regarding household waste Management

Section A: Consist of items on demographic data which includes age, religion, and
education, size of the family, income and source of information.

Section B: Consist of structured knowledge questionnaire on household waste management.

Which consists of 30 multiple choice questions regarding household waste management. It
has four options among which, one is the correct response. Scores will be interrupted as
follows:

Adequate level of knowledge above 75%

Moderately adequate level of knowledge 50% -74%

Inadequate level of knowledge below 50%

Section C: Consist of a practice checklist was used to assess practices. It consist of 10

statement. Correct practice score 1 and wrong will be mark as 0. Maximum possible score
will be 10 and minimum will be 0.

Score interpretation for practice

Adequate level of practice above 75%

Moderately adequate level of practice 50% -74%

Inadequate level of practice below 50%

PILOT STUDY: Pilot study consist of 10% of sample of main study.

ETHICAL CONSIDRATION:

23
  The proposed study will be conducted after the approval of dissertation committee.
 Consent of each subject will be obtained before starting the data collection.
 Confidentiality will be maintained throughout the study.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

The data obtained was analysed in terms of objectives of the study using descriptive and
inferential statistics.

• Organized the collected data in master sheet.

• Demographic data will be analyzing by using frequencies and percentage.

• Knowledge score and Practice level will be analyzing by computing frequency percentage,
mean and standard deviation of answered question.

• Chi-square test will be used to determine the association between knowledge scores and
selected demographic variables.

• The findings were presented in table and graphs.

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:

 Mean, standard Deviation To assess the knowledge and practice of health

personnel on biomedical waste management.
 Karl Pearson correlation formula, to determine the relationship between
knowledge and practice regarding biomedical waste management.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
 Chi Square test To Find out the association between knowledge and practice score
regarding biomedical waste management organ with their demographic variables.

24
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SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE Rachna (M.sc Nursing)

Mrs. Anuprabha
NAME AND DESIGNATION OF GUIDE
Associate professor cum HOD
Dept. of Community Health Nursing
MAMC, Agroha, Hisar/

SIGNATURE OF GUIDE
Mrs. Anuprabha
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

SIGNATURE OF HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

REMARKS OF PRINCIPAL

SIGNATURE

30