Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Module 3: CHARLES’S LAW: Volume-Temperature Relationship
First Edition, 2020

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 Science 10
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 3
CHARLES’S LAW:
Volume-Temperature Relationship
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on CHARLES’S LAW:

Volume-Temperature Relationship!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on CHARLES’S LAW:

Volume-Temperature Relationship!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
In this module you will be describing properties of gases that will lead
you to investigate the relationship between volume and temperature at
constant pressure of a gas and explain the relationship of volume, pressure,
and temperature using the kinetic molecular theory. S9MT-II-20
This module is about determining the relationship of volume and
temperature at constant pressure of a gas through experiment /observation
video clip/etc. S9MT-IIj-20.3
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Point out examples that shows the relationship of volume and
temperature at constant pressure of a gas through observations.
2. identify correct equations and units involved in Charles’ Law.
3. explain and determine the relationship between volume and
temperature at constant pressure.
4. Appreciate Charles’ Law and cite its practical applications in your
daily life.

PRETEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which among the units of measurement below can be the correct unit of
temperature?
(i). Celsius degree (0C) (iii). Fahrenheit (0F)
(ii). cubic meter (m3) (iv). Kelvin (K)

A. (i) only C. (i), (iii), and (iv) only

B. (i) and (ii) only D. (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)

2. Charles’ Law experiment showed that various gases expanded by the same
amount when heated through the same temperature interval. What is the
mathematical expression of Charles’ Law?
A. V1T1 = V2T2 C. V2T2 = V1T2
B. V1 = T1 D. V1 = V2
T2 V2 T1 T2
3. Jacques Alexandre Charles performed an experiment in a balloon, hot
water, and cold water. Which of the following statements is proposed in
Charles’ Law?
A. The Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related at
constant pressure.
 B. The pressure of a fixed amount of a gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature (Kelvin).
C. The volume of a given mass of gas held at constant temperature is
inversely proportional to its pressure.
D. The volume of a gas varies directly with the number of moles and
absolute temperature and inversely proportional with pressure.

4. A 132 mL of gas is measured at 380C. If the pressure remains constant,

what will be the volume of the gas at 100C?
A. 34.74 mL C. 311.15 mL
B. 120. 12 mL D. 37, 375.8 mL

5. Application of Charles’ Law can be seen as one flies in a hot air balloon,
when heated, causes the air to expand; thus, becomes lighter and so it
rises. Which of the following is another application of Charles’ Law?
A. A flat tire takes up less volume than an inflated tire.
B. An inflated balloon shrinks when placed inside the refrigerator.
C. A helium-filled balloon weights much less than an identical balloon
filled with air.
D. A syringe plunger being pressed down to draw out the fluid causes the
volume inside the syringe to decrease while increasing pressure inside.

RECAP
In your grade 8 chemistry, you learned different properties of Gases.
Gases have important fundamental properties that are measurable such as
volume, pressure, temperature, and amount of the gas or number of moles.
Fill in each blank with a measurable property of gases: volume, pressure,
temperature, and amount of gas.

1. The ___________of a gas is the force exerted by the gas per unit area.
2. The ______________ can be expressed in milliliters (mL), cubic centimeters
(cm3), cubic meter (m3), and liter (L).
3. The __________________ of a gas depends on the kinetic energy of a gas. It is
generally expressed in Fahrenheit (0F), Celsius degree (0C), and Kelvin (K).
4. The ___________of gas or the mass of gas is related to the number of moles
of the gas. The number of moles of a gas is the ratio of the mass of a certain
gas and its molar mass. In symbols, n=m/M.
5. The SI unit of ________________ is Pascal (Pa), named after the scientist
Blaise Pascal. This unit is equivalent to a force of 1 Newton acting on 1
square meter (N/m2).
 LESSON

Jacques Alexandre Charles, a French physicist, performed an

experiment using a balloon, hot water, and cold water. Based on his
observations, he discovered the relationship between the volume and the
temperature of gases at constant pressure. He found out that various gases
expanded by the same amount when heated through the same temperature
interval. Through his observations, he proposed the Charles’ Law which states
that the Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related when
there is no change in pressure.
In this lesson you have to take note that among the units of
temperature, we always express it in Kelvin (K) temperature. Thus, you need
to convert Celsius value to Kelvin, which was named after Lord Kelvin, a
Scottish physicist who has identified the lowest attainable temperature
known as absolute zero with a value -273.15 0C. To convert Celsius to Kelvin
you have to use the equation K=0C + 273.15.
Charles’ Law is mathematically expressed as V∞T or V/T = K, where K
is proportional constant. For a given sample of gas under two different
conditions at a constant pressure, the equation can be written as:

Example:
A sample of a gas has a volume of 78.5 mL at 450C. What volume will
the sample occupy at 00C when the pressure is held constant?

Given:
V1= 78.5 mL T1= 450C = 45 + 273.15 = 318.15 K
V2=? T2= 00C = 0 + 273.15 = 273.15 K

Equation:
V1/T1 = V2/T2 (Do cross multiplication, then divide both sides by T1)
T1V2=V1T2
✓ V2 = V1T2/T1
Substitution / Solution :
V2= 78.5 mL ( 273.15 K)
318.15 K
V2= 21, 442.275 mL
318.15
Final Answer: V2 = 67.40 mL
 Charles' Law gives the relationship between volume and temperature if
the pressure (P) and the amount of gas (n) are held constant:
1). If the Kelvin temperature of a gas is increased, the volume of the gas
increases. (P and n are Constant)
2). If the Kelvin temperature of a gas is decreased, the volume of the gas
decreases. (P and n are Constant)

This means that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin
temperature. Think of it this way, if you increase the volume of a gas and
must keep the pressure constant the only way to achieve this is for the
temperature of the gas to increase as well. Observe the illustrations in figure
1 below.

Figure 1 Charles Law Experiment

The concept of Charles’ Law is evident in an inflated balloon that

shrinks when placed inside the refrigerator. It is also applied during cold
weather, bicycle tires become flat because the air inside the bicycle tires
shrink. Shrinking of an inflated balloon and a bicycle tire in a very low
temperature show the decrease of volume which explains that the
relationship of volume and temperature is directly related at constant
pressure. To understand more the relationship between the volume and the
temperature of a gas at constant pressure, answer the prepared activities
correctly.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Demonstrating Charles’s Law

Objective
At the end of the activity, you should be able to point out examples
that shows the relationship of volume and temperature at constant pressure
of a gas through observations.
Materials: Paper, pen, and illustrations of different objects
Directions: Observe the illustrations in figure 2-3, read the procedure then
write your observations briefly. To complete the discussions, fill in the blanks
with the following words: gases, temperature, and volume.
Illustrations Procedure /
Observation/Discussion
Procedure: Simply blow up two balloons
to equal size, place one on ice and one in
just boiled water. What happened to the
volume of the balloons?
Observation: (1) ________________________
_________________________________________
Discussion: The increase in temperature
will force the air to increase its (2) _______,
thus expanding the balloon. It will look like
the balloon is growing or inflating inside
Figure 2 Balloons in hot and cold water the container with hot water.
Procedure: Press 3-4 ping pong balls until
it become dented. What would you do to a
ping pong ball which is out of shape or
crushed?
Put them in a bowl with hot water. What is
your observation?
Observation: (3) ________________________
_________________________________________
Discussion: When you let your ball float
on hot water, the (4) ___________ of the air
inside the ball also increases; which, in
turn, leads to an increase in the volume of
the gas. Therefore, the shape of the ball is
Figure 3: Fixing Dented Ping pong balls restored.

Closure: Based on your observations in figure 2-3, you can say that various
(5) ________________ expanded by the same amount when heated through the
same temperature interval.
 Activity 2: Relationship of Volume and Temperature
at Constant Pressure
Objectives:
At the end of the activity, you should be able to explain the relationship
between volume and temperature at constant pressure using Charles’ Law.

Materials: Paper and pen, equation of Charles’ Law, and calculator

Illustration:

Figure 4: Charles’ Law Equation

Procedure
1. Study the equation in figure 2, then solve the given problem step-by-step.
2. Be careful in dealing with the equation, mathematical operation, and the
correct units for the final answer.

3. Using the equation in figure 4, check your final answer by solving for its
initial temperature.

Problem to be solved

A sample of gas has an initial volume of 44.8 mL and an initial

temperature of 415 K. What is the new volume if the temperature is increased
to 659 K? Assume constant pressure and amount of the gas.

1-3: Given
9. Checking the
Final answer here
4. Find T1 = T2V1
V2
5. Equation(1pt)

6. Substitution

7. Solution

8. Final Answer

Closure: From the computation above, you found out that the temperature is
increasing from 415 K to 659 K, and the volume should also increase, which
it does, from 44.8 mL to 71.14 mL. Thus, the Kelvin temperature and the
volume of a gas are (10) ________ related when there is no change in pressure.
 Activity 3: Charles’s Law Practical Applications
Objective:

At the end of the activity, you should be able to appreciate Charles’ Law
and cite its practical applications in your daily life.

Directions: Study the table and the given illustrations below. Fill in each
blank with the correct word found in the box to complete the explanation on
how do Charles’s Law is applied in each situation.

Kelvin carbon dioxide density gas temperature

Illustration / Situation Explanation

A torch is used to heat the air
molecules inside the balloon. The
molecules move faster and disperse
within the space. The (1) ________ inside
the balloon takes up more space,
becoming less dense than the air
surrounding it. As such, the hot air
inside the balloon rises because of its
Figure 5 Hot Air Balloons decreased (2) ____________and causes
the balloon to float.
Charles’s Law finds its way into our
kitchens as well. Yeast is often used in
baking to make the bakery products
fluffy. Yeast is responsible for releasing
(3) ___________________ bubbles. These
carbon dioxide bubbles expand further
with high temperature. The expansion
of the carbon dioxide bubbles with an
increase in (4) __________________ works
Figure 6: Hot Fluffy Bread as a leavening agent and cause the
bakery products to become fluffy.

Closure: Charles’s Law is an experimental gas law that describes how gases
tend to expand when heated. The law states that if a quantity of gas is held
at a constant pressure, there is a direct relationship between its volume and
the temperature, as measured in (5) ________________.
 WRAP-UP

To summarize what you have learned today, complete the statements

by filling in each blank with a correct answer using the word written in each
balloon.

Jacques
Alexandre
Charles volume
temperature

pressure

Charles's law is a gas law relates volume to temperature. The law is

named after (1) _____________________, who was a French inventor and
scientist. He found through his experiment the volume of a gas increases
linearly with an increase in the (2) _____________________. Shrinking of an
inflated balloon and a bicycle tire in a very low temperature show the decrease
of (3) ______________ which explains that the relationship of volume and
temperature is directly related at constant (4) ______________. For a given
sample of gas under two different conditions at a constant pressure, the
equation can be written as (5) ________________________.

VALUING
Why do you take shorter breaths in a very cold environment? In a very
cold surrounding, the temperature of air decreases. As a consequent, the
temperature of the air inside the body also decreases. According to Charles's
law, volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure. So,
the volume of the air decreases with the temperature. It made the lungs to
shrink that take a shorter breath, and physical activities like jogging becomes
difficult during cold days.
 POST TEST

Read, analyze, and choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which among the units of measurements below can be the standard unit
of temperature?

A. Celsius B. Centigrade C. Fahrenheit D. Kelvin

2. Which of the equations below is used if the given problem asked you to
solve for the final volume of a certain gas?
A. V1T1 = V2T2 C. V2T2 = V1T2
B. V2 = V1T2 D. V1 = V2T2
T1 T1
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE in describing the relationship
between volume and temperature at constant pressure?
A. The Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related at
constant pressure.
B. The pressure of a fixed amount of a gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature (Kelvin).
C. The volume of a given mass of gas held at constant temperature is
inversely proportional to its pressure.
D. The volume of a gas varies directly with the number of moles and
absolute temperature and inversely proportional with pressure.
4. Temperature should always be expressed in Kelvin (K). If A 600 mL sample
of nitrogen is heated from 27 °C to 77 °C at constant pressure. What is the
final volume of nitrogen?

A. 210.4mL B. 514.3 mL C. 700 mL D. 1,711.1 mL

5. As the temperature increases, the molecules within any given gas begin to
move around more quickly. What will happen to a helium balloon on a cold
day?
A. The balloon will explode.
B. The balloon will crumble.
D. The balloon will be flattened.
D. The balloon will remain inflated.