Lesson 9

Topic 1
The Historical Context
of
Jose Rizal Education

Prepared by: SAS Faculty Abad, Baby Grace R. J.D.

Learning objectives;
• Discuss and evaluate the Spanish colonial education system during
the time of Rizal.
• Explain how the Spanish Educational System influenced Rizal and his
contemporaries.
Rizal’s Early Education
• Education is part of the historical context that molded Rizal’s
nationalism as well as that of other Filipinos.
• Like any Filipino family education started at home and the mother
was usually the first teacher.
• When Jose Rizal reach Nine (9) he was sent to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz in Biñan, Laguna. At that time anybody with a
Bachiller en Artes with the approval of the town curate may teach the
equivalent of elementary as long as he passed the examinations given
by the Spanish Authorities. It would be better if the teacher had
completed the course of professor and the course of Segunda
Enseñanza.
The role of the Dominicans in Philippine Education
• In 1865, Queen Isabella II appointed the rector of the University of
Santo Tomas as the supervisor of all secondary and higher education
in the Philippines.
✓ The university holds the entrance and final examinations of all those who
wish to enter secondary and higher education and those who have completed
their courses.
✓The university issued the diplomas of the graduates regardless where they
have taken the courses.
• On May 14, 1872, Don Antonio Estrada, the Secretary General of the
University of Santo Tomas issued an announcement for the holding of
entrance examination for those who would like to take the Bachiller in
Artes course.
• Rizal was given a choice of enrolling at either the Jesuit-run Ateneo
Municipal de Manila or the Dominican San Juan de Letran College.
Education under the Jesuits
• Rizal studied at the Ateneo for the next five years (1872-1877).
• Rizal classmates in Ateneo were a mixture of Spaniards, mestizos and
natives.
• Rizal wrote down his experiences in the Ateneo in an authobiography
entitled “Memorias de Un Estudiante de Manila” under the
pseudonym P. Jacinto.
• As Educators, the Jesuits professors practice emphasis on strict
discipline, character building and religious instruction.
• At that time, Rizal was a budding poet and playwright.
• The Ateneo also encouraged competition for academic excellence and
they drew from ancient Roman history by dividing the class into
Romans and Carthaginians.
• Rizal ended his studies in Ateneo as an excellent student but he was
not alone because most of his classmates were given the same
excellent grade or sobresaliente.
Under the Dominicans
• Educational Institutions under the Church in Spain were secularized
but not the ones in the Philippines.
• The new Spanish government shrewdly recognized the role of the
Spanish religious especially the friars in keeping the status qou (i.e.
Spanish Domination) in the Philippines and allowed the religious
institutions to continue administering the educational institutions.
• When Cavite Mutiny broke out on January 17, 1872 it was portrayed
by Governor General Izquierdo and the Spanish community as part of
larger conspiracy to overthrow colonial rule in the Islands.
• Despite the failure of secularization, some attempts at getting the
Philippines into the modern world were successful. In 1871, the new
college of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine was established in
the University of Santo Tomas. Jose Rizal would later enroll under this
faculty.
• Rizal was still unsure on what to take up in college so the safest
course to take was Philosophy and Letters course which were
preparatory courses to the priesthood and the study of law. When he
made up his mind, he shifted to medicine upon the advice of his
former professors at the Ateneo.
• Why did Rizal choose medicine over law?
✓ At that time, the Philippines was receiving officials from Madrid and some
positions were still reserved for Spaniards.
✓A Filipino with a law degree can aspire and set up a law office.
✓A Filipino can practice Law, but he may come into conflict whenever a high
Spaniards official or a friar gets involved.
Rizal’s Rare Privilege
• Rizal was an above average student in the University.
• His classmates were a mixture of Spaniards who were either
peninsular Spaniards or Insular Spaniards (Filipinos), and the rest
were natives including the mestizos.
• The culture of the University was different from Ateneo. Classes were
held in the morning, and it was free time in the afternoon.
• Rizal’s years in UST was a tie when he was seeing three women at the
same time. These were Leonor Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera and Vicenta
Ybardaloza whose courtships with Rizal overlapped each other
between 1879 and 1882.
• The student culture at the University was very different from that of
Ateneo. Unlike Ateneo where the day starts with a holy mass in the
morning, a student in UST is not required to attend mass.
• In UST, Jose Rizal was able to write his prize-winning and nationalist
poem “A La Juventud Filipina” in which he said that the youth is the
beautiful hope of the motherland. Rizal also wrote an allegorical
drama entitled “Consejo de los Dioses” in honor of Cervantes, he
wrote that the Spanish poet was as good as the giants of the classics
like Homer and Horace.
Rizal at UST
• Even as it was the only university in the Philippines at that time and
under control of the Dominicans who were portrayed as conservative,
the university was actually a haven of diversity. It had Spaniards,
Insulars and Peninsulars and some mestizos as professors.
• There were both laymen and clergymen as educators.
• In 19th century was a period of change, major changes took place in
the educational system. Schools offering Bachiller En Artes were
established in the provinces such as the School of Fr. Valeriano
Malabanan in Batangas. These schools however were still subject to
the supervision of the University of Santo Tomas.
• Life as a UST student had its great privileges. To be a student of the
University means he was the cream of society.
• A student was exempt from polos y servicios and from taxes like the
samboangan or the tax used to pay for the maintenance of the forts and
military installations.
• Students walked around wearing coats and walking sticks.
• Yet Rizal, like many of his contemporaries decided to continue and
complete their education abroad. Even at that time foreign education is
very much esteemed. Juan Luna managed to study abroad through
scholarship.
• Rizal was supported by the income from his family’s farms.
• Going therefore to Europe to finish their studies was more of the choice of
these Filipino elites as they were able to afford the expenses.
Activity
• Exercise 9.1
 Lesson 9
Topic 2
Educational Background
of
Jose Rizal
Prepared by: SAS Faculty Abad, Baby Grace R. J.D.
 Jose Rizal
Home Schooling
in
Calamba Laguna
First Teacher of Jose Rizal
• Doña Teodora, Jose Rizal’s mother
was his first teacher. Her patience
consciousness and understanding
made Jose Rizal to learn the
alphabet and recite prayers at the
age of three.
• She discovered Jose Rizal’s talent in
poetry and further develop.
• She encouraged him to write
verses. Later on, Rizal’s mother
realized that Rizal already needed a
private tutor who shall teach him at
home.
Private Tutor of Jose Rizal
• Rizal first private tutor was Maestro
Celestino.
• The second private Tutor of Rizal was
Maestro Lucas Padua.
• The third private tutor of Rizal was
Leon Monroy, a former classmates of
his father. He taught Rizal reading,
writing, Latin and Spanish.
Unfortunately he died after five (5)
months. After the death of Monroy;
Rizal’s Parents decided to send Jose
Rizal to a private school in BiÑan.
 Jose Rizal
Education
in
Biñan Laguna
• Paciano brought him to the school house of his
teacher Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. He
was also a teacher of Paciano before.
• Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz is described as
tall, thin, long-necked with sharp nose and body
slightly bend forward.
• A strict teacher and his teaching is accomplished
by a stick.
• There is no single day, Jose Rizal received a blow
from his teacher he is the brightest in the class.
• Rizal hated the method of his teaching but he
considered his teacher as an expert in Latin and
Spanish grammar.
• Jose Rizal also took up lessons in painting and
drawing under old Juancho, the Maestro’s
Father-in law.
Daily Life of Rizal in BiÑan laguna
• Rizal led a systematic life in BiÑ an which is made of house, church and school
activities.
4:00 AM – Time to attend the mass
5:00 AM – Study his lessons. Eat Breakfast and prepare for
School.
7:00 AM – 10:00 AM – School
11:00 AM – 2:00 PM – Going home for lunch and rest before
coming back to School.
2:00 PM – 5:00 PM – Afternoon Schooling
5:00 PM – Pray with his cousins and study his lessons after
dinner, when the moon is bright, he played with his niece in the street.
 Jose Rizal
at the
Ateneo de Manila
(Bachiller en Artes)
Rizal entered Ateneo
• Don Francisco first send him to
study at San Juan de Letran were
he had passed the entrance
examination but later changed
his mind and send him to Ateneo
instead.
• Paciano accompanied Jose Rizal to
Ateneo Municipal.
• The Registrar, Father Magin
Ferrando, refused to admit him for
two reasons:
1. Rizal was late for registration; and
2. Rizal was sickly and under size in his
age.
Nephew of Jose Burgos “Manuel Xeres Burgos”
• Through the help of Manuel
Xerez Burgos, Jose Rizal was able
to enter at the Ateneo de
Manila.
• Manuel Xeres Burgos was the
Nephew of Father Jose Burgos.
• Jose Rizal was advised to use the
second surname “Rizal” because
the surname “Mercado” came
under suspicion of the Spanish
Authorities.
Jesuit System of Education
• The system of education given by the Jesuits in the Ateneo was more
advanced than that of other colleges in that period.
• Students were divided into two groups, namely:
✓The “Roman Empire” consisting of the internos (borders); and the
“Carthaginian Empire” composed of the externos (non-borders).
✓Each of these empires had its ranks.
✓The best student in each empire was the emperor; second best was the
tribune; the third best was the decurion; the fourth best was the centurion;
and the fifth best was the standard-bearer.
✓The two groups, “Roman Empire and Carthaginian Empire” were in constant
competition for supremacy in the class. Red for the Romans and Blue for
Carthaginians.
Jose Rizal first day in Ateneo de Manila
• During his first days in Ateneo de
Manila, Jose Rizal was dressed like
the other boys, wearing coat and
tie.
• He frequently visited the chapel of
the Jesuit Fathers to hear Mass and
say his prayers.
• For the first time he saw a great
number of boys dominated by
Spaniards, Mestizos and Filipinos.
He also met his Jesuit Professor
Father Jose Bech.
Jose Rizal became the Emperor
• The Jesuit educational system during that time used a unique
motivation and stimulation to attain learning from students.
• The class was divided into two groups;
✓ The Roman Emperor and the Carthaginians was the supremacy of the class.
• The student who manifested exceptional talent became the Emperor
of the Class.
• Rizal first professor in Ateneo de Manila was Father Jose Bech.
• In Just one month studying in Ateneo de Manila Jose Rizal became
the Emperor of the Class.
Jose Rizal Second Year in Ateneo de Manila
• On his second year in Ateneo, while his mother was still in Jail, he
envisioned in his dream that he would be released in three months,
which on coincidence happened.
• Despite the emotional hurt, which Rizal was able to take home at the
end of the year, a medal and maintained his excellence in class.
Jose Rizal Third Year in Ateneo de Manila
• Rizal’s mother was finally released from jail by the Supreme Court
Order and was happily reunited with her family and favorite son Jose
Rizal.
• At the end of the School year, Rizal received again a medal in Latin
and maintained his excellence in Class.
Jose Rizal Fourth Year in Ateneo de Manila
• Rizal’s most fruitful year was his fourth year of Schooling. He became
Interno of Ateneo, meaning he stay inside the School campus which
enable him to concentrate more on his studies. He met also a
professor who inspired him to study harder and write poetry, his
name was Father Francisco Paula Sanchez, a great educator and
scholar.
• Father Francisco Paula Sanchez he was the favorite professor of Rizal.
At the end of the year he brought home five medals and excellent
ratings.
Jose Rizal Last year in Ateneo de Manila
• The last year of Jose Rizal in Ateneo was a mixture of happiness and
sadness. Happiness because he received the highest honor in their
graduation and sadness because he will be leaving a school which he
dearly loved.
Jose Rizal’s Interest in Reading while in Ateneo
• Rizal’s interest in reading never
stopped, he was very much
influenced by Don Francisco who
stored volumes of books in their
Calamba Residence. He read
different novels, romantic,
emotional notes, articles and
books.
The Count of Monte Cristo
• Written by Alexander Dumas,
the novel was about the
hardship of an imprisoned hero
who later escaped and obtained
his revenge against those who
inflicted him pain and suffering.
• This novel left a mark in Rizal’s
views in Life, due to the suffering
of Edmond Dantes the hero of
the novel.
Universal History
• This book was bought by Rizal’s
father and was authored by
Cesar Cantus. Th Book was a rich
source of historical facts about
world history. Rizal used this
material extensively while
studying in Ateneo.
Travels in the Philippines
• This was authored by a German
scientist named Dr. Feodor Jagor
who travelled in the Philippines
from 1859 to 1860.
• Rizal read the observations of Dr.
Feodor Jagor on the weakness of
the Spanish Colonization of the
country and prophesied the
revolution and liberation of the
Philippines.
Poems of Rizal Written in 1875
• A poem composed by Rizal entitled Felicitation or in Spanish “Felicitacion” when
he was 14 years old.
• He dedicated the literary piece to his brother-in-law Antonio Lopez.
The Moros of Jolo
Who with pride they raise
A thousand waving flags

And when the soldiers strong

Had alighted on the shores
And pointed all their guns
Against the enemy’s wall.
With manly accent spoke
The general: “Soldiers of mine”
Upon your valor depends
The Rich glory of victory.
Poems of Rizal Written in 1876
• Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (Memories of my town).
• In this poem, Rizal expressed his appreciation and love for Calamba, his
hometown and birthplace.
• He wrote this peace at the age of 15 in the year 1876.
• Rizal mentioned the lagoons, flowers, forest, rivers and freshness of the
wind in Calamba.
Por la Educacion Recibo Lustre la Patria (Through
Education Our Motherland Receives Light).
• Rizal composed this poem in 1876, when he was 16. He was already
advocating that education was important in the country.
• Rizal compared education in the goodness of light, wisdom, hope, peace
and truth.
Entrada Triumfal de los Reyes Catolices
en Granada (Triumphal Entry of the
Catholic Kings in Granada)
• This was another poem of young Rizal’s manifestation of his love for history
and he wrote this poem on December 3, 1876.
Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena
Education (Intimate Alliance Between Religion
and Education)
• Rizal wrote this poem in April of 1876 in this piece he expressed his
belief that in attaining excellent education, a student must give
importance to religion by following Goods teachings, in order to
attain the totality of man.
• Rizal once said in this poem:
“Without religion man’s Education
Is like a ship struck by the wind”.
A La Virgen de Antipolo (To the Virgin of Antipolo)
• This is was composed by in Rizal in April 19, 1876, which he dedicated
to the revered mother of Jesus Christ.
Rizal’s Versification
• San Eustacio, Martir – Saint Eustache the Martyr.
• While a student at Ateneo, Jose Rizal was a favorite of his rhetoric
professor Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez, S.J., in the summer of
April to May of 1876.
• Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez, requested Rizal to versify this
work Rizal finished the composed versification on the first day of the
academic year.
Character of Jose Rizal’s Versification
• Hadrian ………. Emperor of Rome from 117 to 138 A.D.
• Eustache ………………. Roman General
• Titus ………………….. Younger Son of the Eastache
• Flavius ………………… Older Son of the Emperor and rival of Eustache
• Claudius ………………. Friend of Flavius
• Cornelius ……………………… Favorite of the Emperor and rival of
Eustache
• Metellus ………………… Friend of Eustache
Poems of Rizal Written in 1877
• Heroismo (Heroism);
• In this poem of Rizal written in
Ateneo de Manila, he steered
the conquest of death.
Gran Consuelo en la Dedicha (Great Solace in the
Greatest Misfortune)
• This poem shows the troubles and sadness of Columbus as he travelled the
sea and lost his precious ship.
Rizal as a Distinguished Organization Member
• His academic excellence, while studying in Ateneo, gave him
membership in Marian Congregation and Apostleship of Prayer.
• The religious organization that accepted members who received
excellence in both academic performance and religion subjects.
• Rizal was also a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and
Academy of Natural Science. In these organizations, only Ateneans
who had excellent academic performance in subjects covering
literature and science, were accepted and became full pledged
members.
Rizal devoted his spare time to study fine Arts
1. Painting under Agustin Saez
2. Sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus
3. Rizal developed his weak body by engaging in fencing and gymnastics.
4. Rizal wrote a dramatic play based on the prose story of St. Eustace the
Martyr as requested by his favorite teacher, Father Sanchez.
Rizal’s Academic Performance
• On March 23, 1877, Jose Rizal
was only 16 when he graduated
in Ateneo de Manila with highest
honors in class, with the degree
of Bachelor of Arts.
• Today, Rizal is recognized as the
youngest Alumnus of Ateneo de
Manila University.
Rizal’s Grades in the Ateneo de Manila
Bachelor of Arts
1872-1873
• Latin 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Spanish 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Greek 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• 1873-1874
• Spanish 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Greek 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Universal Geography ---------------------------------------------------Excellent
• 1874-1875
• Latin 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Spanish 3 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Universal History --------------------------------------------------------Excellent
• History of Spain and the Philippines ------------------------------- Excellent
• Arithmetic & Algebra -------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• 1875-1876
• Rhetoric and Poetry --------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• French --------------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Geometry & Trigonometry ------------------------------------------- Excellent
• 1876-1877
• Philosophy 1 ------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Philosophy 2 ------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Mineralogy & Chemistry ---------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Physics -------------------------------------------------------------------- Excellent
• Botany and Zoology ----------------------------------------------------Excellent
Jose Rizal First Romance
• Rizal met his first love when he
visited his maternal grand
mother in Trozo, Manila.
• She was Segunda Katigbak, who
was studying La Concordia
College.
• She was a class friend of his
sister Olimpia.
• His first love was a failure
because Segunda is already
engaged to be married.
 Jose Rizal
at the
University of Santo Tomas
 • After Rizal’s graduation from the
Rizal Entered UST Ateneo de Manila.
• His father Don Francisco, know fully
well that his son Jose Rizal was gifted
with the exceptional intelligence. He
decided to send Rizal to UST for a
Higher Education in Manila.
• DoÑa Teodora was hesitant because
she had viewed the fate of Jose Rizal
as an intelligent young Filipinos who
questioned the Spanish authorities in
the Philippines.
• DoÑ a Teodora was vocal in her
opposition to the decision of Don
Francisco. However, the father of Rizal
was convinced of the great future that
awaited his son whose intelligence was
among the best at the time.
April 1877
• Jose Rizal returned to Manila and enrolled at the University of Santo
Tomas, taking the course of Philosophy and Letters, though that time ,
Rizal was still confused of what course to study.
• His freshmen subjects were Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy and
History of Philosophy.
• In the year 1878, Rizal consulted Reverend Father Pablo Ramon, the
Director of Ateneo de Manila, as to what course to take.
• Father Ramon Pablo advised Rizal to take up Medicine, therefore he
enrolled in the Medical Course, with the Hope that he could relieve
DoÑa Teodora’s failing eye- sight after he finished the course in
Ophthalmology.
Rizal the Surveyor and Assessor
• While enrolled in Medicine, Jose Rizal spared some time to study
Surveying. He was so interested in the course, that he finished it in
one year at the Ateneo de Manila.
• Jose Rizal excelled in Surveying and won medals in subjects covering
Topography and Agriculture.
• In the year, 1878, Jose Rizal passed the final examination of the
course at the age of 17. Unfortunately, he was deprived of the title
due to his minor age.
• On October 28, 1881 with the help of Don Eustaquio Villablanca de
Mendoza, after Jose Rizal presented his credentials in Ateneo, he was
awarded the title of Surveyor and Expert Assessor on September 30,
1881.
Jose Rizal experience of Spanish Brutality
• Rizal was accustomed to going home during vacation in Calamba to
join his family and spending time with them after a long arduous
study as a Medical Student at UST.
• One night in 1878, while he was walking alone along a dark street,
Jose Rizal failed to recognized the Spanish Civil Guard who was
passing by his side, thus he did not bow, salute or greet the soldier.
• At a striking distance, the Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) whipped Rizal
mercilessly at the back with a dry stingray tail (buntot ng pagi).
• Jose Rizal suffered from the wounds inflicted on his back that lasted
for two weeks before it completely healed.
• Jose Rizal could not accept such brutal treatment inflicted by the Civil
Guard.
• Jose Rizal went to Captain General Primo de Rivera and file a
complaint, the Captain General even reprimanded him, said that Jose
Rizal should be even thankful for being alive, and spared by the
Guardia Civil.
Jose Rizal Artistic Works
• Jose Rizal manifested his literary genius while at UST.
• In the year 1879, the Artistic and Literary Lyceum, a society whose
members were composed of artists in literature, sponsored a contest in
poetry writing and composition.
• Jose Rizal joined the contest and wrote a poem entitled: A La Juventud
Filipina (To the Filipino Youth).
• As his entry to this competition. After the expert reading and scrutiny of the
Board of Judges, the entries coming from Spanish, Mestizo and Filipino
students, who submitted their respective pieces to the competition, Rizal’s
poem was judged as Superior and won him the first prize and recognition in
University of Santo Tomas, and from his hometown in Calamba.
In the year 1880
• The Artistic- Literary Lyceum society sponsored another artistic
competition in honor of the 264th death anniversary of “Spain’s most
glorified man- of- letter” Don Miguel de Cervantes, the author of the
book, “Don Quixote” a celebrate work produced by a Spanish write.
• In this competition, many writers participated and submitted their
pieces with respective assumed names such as journals, priest,
scholars and professor.
• Jose Rizal, on his part submitted an allegorical drama entitled “El
Consejo de los Dioses” (The Council of the Gods).
• After a critical scrutiny and appraisal by an entirely Spanish Board of
Judges, they awarded the first prize to Jose Rizal’s literary work, due
to its superiority and quality.
• Unfortunately, Rizal was temporarily stripped of the award due to his
identity as an Indio (Native Filipino).
• Despite all objections from the Spaniards in Manila, the board of
judges insisted that the work of Jose Rizal deserved the first place.
• Thus, Jose Rizal was awarded a Gold Ring, where the bust Cervantes
was engraved.
• A Spanish writer took the second place.
• The board of Spanish judges was clear in their description of the
winning piece of Rizal and they declared:
“The idea and the plot of the work are of great originality to which
Should be added the circumstances that throughout the same shine
To the outmost a correct style, an admirable richness of details, delicacy
of thought and figures, and lastly a taste of Hellenic that the reader
imagines himself relishing some delicious passage of Homer which with
such frequency the Olympic sessions described to us in their works”.
Characters of the Council of the Gods
• Jupiter – the most powerful god in the play, who was seated on the
throne of god and precious stones; he uses thunderbolts as his most
terrible weapon.
• Juno – the jealous wife of Jupiter who was always irritated and
displayed haughty and arrogant behavior in the play. She presented
the play of Homer entitled Odyssey.
• Mercury – son of Jupiter, who was responsible for ordering the
thunderbolts of his father.
• Venus – sister of Juno who often argues with her. She insisted the
importance of the play of Virgil (Aeneid) and of Trojans and Achilles.
• Momus – she argues with Juno, and in the meeting with the gods, in
return Juno calls her ugly.
• Minerva – she was called wise Pellas and introduced the play of the
Spanish writer Cervantes entitled Don Quixote.
• Apollo – he stopped Minerva in her introduction of Don Quixote and
declared that the book is the favorite of the Muses.
• Mars – with outmost madness he opposed the recognition the work
of Cervantes at the same time stating his complaint to Jupiter.
• Justice – using impartial balance in the play, she declared Don Quixote
and Aeneid as equal works.
Jose Rizal as a Thomasian and Active Atenean
• While, Jose Rizal was considered a Thomasian, he also considered an
active connection in Ateneo.
• Jose Rizal was the President of the Academy of Spanish Literature,
Secretary of Academy of Natural Sciences and member of the Marian
Congregation.
• Rizal also composed literary works while an active alumnus of Ateneo
de Manila and a medical student at UST. He wrote the following
artistic pieces.
• These are:
❖Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) – This is a drama staged at the Ateneo by
members of the academy of Spanish Literature.
▪ It is one of Jose Rizal play that came in Zarzuela from which was staged
in Ateneo de Manila on the 8th of December 1880, in celebration of the
yearly feast day of the Immaculate Conception.
❖A Filipinas (To the Philippines) – A sonnet that Jose Rizal dedicated to the
Society of Sculptures in 1880.
❖ Abd-el Azis y Mohamad (ABD-EL-AZIS a Mohammed) – This poem was
claimed by Manuel Fernandez, an Ateneo student whose piece recalls the
struggle between the Spanish people and the Moors in Spain.
❖ Al M.R.P.: Pablo Ramon, Rector del Ateneo en sus Dias, (Birthday
Greetings to the Very Reverend Father Pablo Ramona, S.J.).
▪ Jose Rizal gave honor to the kind priest who raised his spirit and
intelligence.
▪ Rizal wrote this poem on January 25, 1881.
Decision to Leave UST
• Rizal was unhappy in UST so he
decided to continue his studies
abroad.
• The Dominican Professors were
hostile to him.
• This is racial discrimination of
the Filipino Students.
• Jose Rizal dislike the old and
repressive method of teaching in
UST.
Rizal Academic Performance in UST
❖ Jose Rizal Scholastic Records at the University of Santo Tomas
▪ 1877 – 1878
✓ (Philosophy and Letters) …………………………….......................…………Excellent
✓ Theodicy …………………………………………………………………………………….Excellent
✓ History and Philosophy ……………………………………………………………….Excellent
▪ 1878 – 1879 (First Year- Medicine)
✓ Physics ………………………………………………………………………………………… Fair
✓ Chemistry ……………………………………………………………………………………. Excellent
✓ Natural History ……………………………………………………………………………..Fair
✓ Anatomy 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………. Good
✓ Dissection 1 …………………………………………………………………………………. Good
❖ 1879 – 1880 (Second Year Medicine)
✓ Autonomy 2 …………………………………………………………………….. Good
✓ Dissection 2 …………………………………………………………………….. Good
✓ Physiology ………………………………………………………………………... Good
✓ Private Hygiene ………………………………………………………………... Good
✓ Public Hygiene ………………………………………………………………….. Good

❖ 1880 – 1881 (Third Year Medicine)

✓ General Pathology ……………………………………………………………. Fair
✓ Therapeutics …………………………………………………………………….. Excellent
✓ Surgery ……………………………………………………………………………... Good
❖1881 – 1882 (Third Year Medicine)
✓ Medical Pathology ………………………………………………………………………………… Very Good
✓ Surgical Pathology …………………………………………………………………………………. Very Good
✓ Obstretrics ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Very Good
Rizal became a Filipino Student Leader
• Rizal was the leader of the Filipino Students UST against the arrogant
Spanish Students.
• They were called “Indio Chongo” in return the Filipino students called
them “Kastila, Bangus” Hostility between the two groups often
exploded in angry street rumbles.
• Jose Rizal often participated in these student brawls. One of his fights
he was wounded on the head. His wound was tenderly washed and
dressed by Leonor Rivera his cousin and true love.
Leonor Rivera
• Leonor Rivera became his
sweetheart or girlfriend for
11 years and stopped him
from falling for other
women even when traveling.
• However, Leonor’s mother
disagreed with the relation
of her daughter with Rizal,
who was known as a
filibuster.
• All letters sent by Rizal to Leonor Rivera were hidden by her
mother, making Leonor believe that Rizal has forgotten her,
sadly consented her to marry the Englishman Henry Kipping, her
mother’s choice.

• Thank you for Listening…………………………………………

• Soar High Emilians…………………………………………………
Sources
• De Viana, Agusto (2019). Laon- Laan, A guide for study and
understanding of the life and contributions of Jose Rizal to Philippine
nationhood and society. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
• Zaide & Zaide (2011). Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist and National Hero. 2nd Ed. All nations Publishing Co.,
Inc. Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines .
• J.A Lopez & A.E Paras.,(2010). Rizal Life Works and Writings of the
Greatest Malayan 3rd Edition. HisGoPhil Publishing House, Inc