KOGOFOC

^ULD@F Z]OCO

Zitug kjkjiuc` tuhos kotoguf`oc Gjw`rousocooi

Gjw`rousocooi
Poih a`okpu lfjc @eu Zuk Zkyot` K.^a

A`susui Lfjc 2 Gjflkplg 4

Okroi U`voi
A`t`o M`iay Ort`go
Ujsso Ejfo

U`tosor`
U`zg` Kucokoa ^oub`
]cusgo Qorcjit`io

Gjfos 2 E ]? Gjsjcotoi Kosyorogot ( ]jkjstjr @@ )

]JGLFOC Q@IHH@ @FKZ GJ]JCOQOI GZI@IHOI

Bf. Fgr. Eoyui`ih Il.5,
Il.5, Goauhjaj,
Goauhjaj, Goeupotji
Goeupotji Gui`ihoi, Bowo Eorot
Eorot 1::4?
 GOQO ^JIHOIQOU

Ofcokauf`ffoc` Uoee`‐ofok`i sjhofo pub` coiyo k`f`g Offoc suecoiocu woto‐ofo yoih
tjfoc kjimurocgoi rockot aoi c`aoyoc-Iyo sjc`ihho pjkogofoc aopot kjiyjfjso`goi tuhos
pjiuf`soi kogofoc aofok koto guf`oc Gjw`rousocooi. ]cofowot ejsjrto sofok gjpoao
Uosufu
Uosufuffo
ffoc
c scoffoffocu –ofo`c` wosoffok yoih tjfoc kjkeowo r`sofoc `sfok ejrupo oboroi
yoih cog foh` sjkpurio eoh` koius`o.
Oaopui
Oaopui buauf kogof
kogofoc
oc gok` oaofoc ^rld`f Zsoco. A`pjrsjitosjgoi uitug kjkjiuc`
sofoc sotu tuhos koto guf`oc Gjw`rousocooi.

Gui`ihoi,

^jiyusui
 AODQOU @]@

GOQO ^JIHOIQOU .....................

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AODQOU @]@ ......................

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EOE @

^JIAOCZFZOI

?.? Fotor Ejfogoih .........................................

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EOE @@ ^JKEOCO]OI

^ULD@F Z]OCO

5.? ^jihjrt`oi ^rld`f Zsoco.....................

^jihjrt`oi ^rld`f ...........................................
............................................
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................

5.5 ^jihjkeoihoi Xowosoi Boa` E`aoih Zsoco .............................................

5.= U`it`soi Zsoco Eoru .....................

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Gorogtjr`st` g Lroih yoih Ejrpltjis` ]ugsjs ..........................

5.1 ^rlsjs aoi Gorogtjr`st`g

o. ^jraohoihoi Ejsor (Hrls`r)...................................................................

(Hrls`r)...................................................................
e. ^jraohoihoi Gjm`f (Jmjroi)
(Jmjroi)...................
.........................................
............................................
..........................
....
?. ^jihjrt`oi ^jaohoih Jmjroi...............................................................
Jmjroi...............................................................
5. ^jaohoih Gog` F`ko...........................................................................
F`ko...........................................................................
=. Droimc`s`ih (Xorofoeo)......................................................................
(Xorofoeo)......................................................................

EOE @@@ ^JIZQZ^

=.? GJ]@^ZFOI ....................................................................................................

=.5 AODQOU ^Z]QOGO ......................
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 EOE ?
^JIAOCZFZOI
?.? Fotor
Fotor Ejfogoih
Ejfogoih
]jt`op lroih kjkp
kjkpuiyo`
uiyo` `kp`oi, iokui t`aog sjkuo lroih ejroi` kjwubuagoiiyo
kjwubuagoiiyo..
Coiyo lroih-lroih toihhuc yoih ejroi` kjwubuagoi opo yoih a``kp`-`kp`iyo. ]uihhuc

pjrejaooi lroih ejsor aoi lroih gjm`f oaofoc tjrgo`t k`kp`iyo. @ihot, lroih-lroih
sugsjs aofok sjboroc oaofoc lroih gjm`f, lroih yoih pjrioc kjrosogoi gjk`sg`ioi, aoi
lroih-lroih yoih pjrioc kji`gkot` gjtjreotosoi a`eowoc c`aup kjrjgo. Gjoaooi tjfoc
kjialrlih
kjialrlih kjrjgo uitug ejrp`g
ejrp`g`r
`r gjros, ejsor,aoi sjfofu kjimor`
kjimor` slfus`
slfus`W?[
W?[.. Ejrp`g`rfoc
pls`t`d e`or kugb`zot aofok a`r` oiao kjfjsot ohor c`aup fje`c sugsjs aoi fje`c eocoh`o,
sjeoe
sjeoe p`g
p`g`ro
`roi
i oao
oaofoc
foc gjguot
gjguotoi
oi yoi
yoih
h soi
soihot
hot jdjgt`
jdjgt`ddW5[.
W5[. Opofoh
Opofoh`iyo
`iyo uitug
uitug kjkej
kjkejitug
itug
usoco yoih ogoi a`bofoi`yo.
X`rousoco
X`rousoco suotu gjh`otoi
gjh`otoi yoih kjibo
kjiboib`go
ib`goi
i aofok gjc`a
gjc`aupoi
upoi sjsjlro
sjsjlroih.
ih. Q`aog
oa
oaoo fj
fjke
keoh
ohoo dlrk
dlrkof
of yo
yoih
ih ej
ejio
ior-e
r-eji
jior
or tj
tjpo
pott ui
uitu
tug
g kj
kjfo
foc`
c`rg
rgoi
oi jitjrprjijur, sjt`op

fjkeoho dlrkof, kjih

fjkeoho kjihoborgoi
oborgoi oiao kjihjr
kjihjrbogoi
bogoi e`si`s aoi kjkutor uoih lroih fo`i,
kufo`foc.. Kjf`cot gjguotoi `tu poao a`r` oiao
oiao sjia`r`.
Lfjc gorjio
gorjio `tu pjkeocosoi
pjkeocosoi kogofoc
kogofoc gok` `ofoc tjitjih
tjitjih ‖^rld`
‖^rld`ff Zsoco‛ yoih
koio gok` kjroihguk sjkogs`kof kuihg`i, yo`tu opo yoih a`kogsua ajihoi prld`f
usoco,
usoco, pjihjk
pjihjkeoi
eoihoi
hoi wowosoi
wowosoi bji`s
bji`s e`aoih
e`aoih usoco,
usoco, r`it`s
r`it`soi
oi usoco
usoco w`rous
w`rousoco
oco eor
eoru,
u,
pjraohoihoi ejsor (hrls`r), pjraohoihoi gjm`f (jmjroi), pjaoihoi gog` f`ko, worofoeo.
]jklho ejrkokdoot.
 EOE @@

^JKEOCO]OI

5.? ^jihjrt`oi ^rld`f Zsoco

Aofo
Aofok
k Goku
Gokuss Ej
Ejsor
sor Eo
Eoco
coso
so @ial
@ialij
ijs`o
s`o ^r
^rld
ld`f
`f oa
oaof
ofoc
oc ho
hoke
keoro
oroi,
i, hr
hrod
od`g
`g ot
otou
ou `g
`gct
ct`so
`sor.
r.
]jaoihgoi usoco oaofoc gjh`otoi ajihoi kjihjrocgoi tjioho, p`g`roi otou eoaoi uitug
kjimopo` suotu kogsua. Boa` aopot a`s`kpufgoi eocwo kogio prld`f usoco oaofoc hokeoroi
gjh`otoi ajihoi kjihjrocgoi tjioho, p`g`roi otou eoaoi uitug kjimopo` suotu kogsua.

5.5 ^jihjkeoihoi Xowosoi Boa` E`aoih Zsoco

Zit
Zitug
ug kji
kjihjk
hjkeoi
eoihgo
hgoi
i wow
wowoso
osoi
i boa`
boa` e`aoih
e`aoih uso
usoco
co ejr
ejrhoi
hoitui
tuih
h eje
ejejrop
jropoo cof
cof,,
a`oitoroiyo2

?. K`iot sj
sjsjlroi
sjlroih,
h, k`sof
k`sofiyo
iyo ejrk`iot
ejrk`iot aofok
aofok e`aoi
e`aoih
h `iaustr`
`iaustr` otou gjrob`io
gjrob`ioi.
i.

5. Klaof, oopogoc
pogoc suaoc tjrs`o
tjrs`o kla
klaof
of owof oto
otou
u ejfuk,
ejfuk, otou opo sobo
sobo yoih suaoc
suaoc a
a`k`f`
`k`f`g`.
g`.
=. Ujf
Ujfos`,
os`, opogo
opogoc
c oao gjf
gjfuor
uorho,
ho, tjkoi,
tjkoi, yoih
yoih sua
suaoc
oc kji
kjijgu
jgui`
i` usoc
usocoo soko otou usoco
usoco
yoih ogoi a`gjrbogoi oao rjfjvois`/sof`ih kjiuboih ajihoi usoco tjrsjeut.
1. Aoi ejreoh
ejreoho`
o` pjfuoi
pjfuoih
h ffo`i
o`iiyo
iyo..

5.= U`it`soi Zsoco Eoru

]jt`op lroih kjkpuiyo` `kp`oi, iokui t`aog sjkuo lroih ejroi` kjwubuagoiiyo.
Coiyo lroih-lroih toihhuc yoih ejroi` kjwubuagoi opo yoih a``kp`-`kp`iyo. ]uihhuc
pjrejaooi lroih ejsor aoi lroih gjm`f oaofoc tjrgo`t k`kp`iyo. @ihot, lroih-lroih sugsjs

aofok sjboroc oaofoc lroih gjm`f, lroih yoih pjrioc kjrosogoi gjk`sg`ioi, aoi lroih-lroih
yoih
yoih pjr
pjrioc
ioc kji
kji`gk
`gkot`
ot` gjtjre
gjtjreotos
otosoi
oi a`eowoc
a`eowoc c`aup
c`aup kjrjgo
kjrjgo.. Gjo
Gjoaoo
aooi
i tjf
tjfoc
oc kji
kjial
alrli
rlih
h
kjrjgo uitug ejrp`g`r gjros, ejsor,aoi sjfofu kjimor` slfus`.
^`f`coi usoco yoih ogoi a`gjkeoihgoi tjrhoituih poao k`iot, pjihjtocuoi, aoi
dos`f`tos yoih oao poao kos`ih-kos`ih gjflkplg. Boa`, gofou a`gob` fje`c foibut, eoh` lroih-
lroih grjot`d eoiyog
eoiyog tjreugo fopoihoi uitug ejrw`rou
ejrw`roucoso,
coso, sjejfuk sokpo` gjpjijtop
gjpjijtopoi
oi
p`f`coi usoco opo yoih corus a`eugo, kogo mofli usocowoi, corus kjfogugoi survjy,
lesjrvos`
lesjrvos` fopoihoi, aoi eoiyog ejrtoi
ejrtoiyo-toi
yo-toiyo
yo eoho`
eoho`koio
koio sjfug-ejfug
sjfug-ejfug usoco e`si`s aofok
e`aoih tjrtjitu. G`to corus tjtop ejrcot`-cot` boihoi sokpo` kjiaopot tjkoi pofsu yoih puro-

puro kou kjiboa` potijr eo`g tjtop` kofoc kjibjrukusgoi. ^jrfu a``ihot eocwo a` aofok
kosyorogot, g`to ogoi kjijkugoi lroih-lroih yoih ejrpr`fogu ijhot`d, t`aog sjeo`g g`to
auho, otou t`aog soko eo`giyo ajihoi g`to. Elfjcfoc g`to ejrosuks` eocwo t`aog sjkuo lroih
`tu eo`g. Osuks` `i` ogoi kjkeuot g`to fje`c wospoao tjrbui gjfopoihoi e`si`s. Ogoi tjtop`,
boihoi gjcot`-cot`oi `i` kjkeuot g`to togui, rohu, aoi
aoi eotof kjkeugo e`si`s.

5.1 ^rlsjs aoi Gorogtjr`st`g Lroih yoih Ejrpltjis` ]ugsjs

o. ^jraohoih ejsor

^jraohoihoi ejsor `ofoc sjhofo ogt`v`tos korgjt`ih yoih kjihhjrogoi eoroih-eoroih

aor` prlausji gj pjaohoih jmjroi otou gjfjkeoho-fjkeoho korgjt`ih fo`iyo. Boa` g`to f`cot
aor` prlsjs korgjt`ih
korgjt`ih yoih kjf`p
kjf`put`
ut` glsji
glsjitros`,
tros`, jquos`, aoi a`str`eus`,
a`str`eus`, sjpjrt`
sjpjrt` pjaohoih
pjaohoih
hrls`r. Kogo prlsjs pjihukpufoi aoi pjihjkeoihoi glisjitros` aoi squos` a`fogugoi lfjc
pjaohoih ejsor sjeoho` ejr`gut2

p
g
Glisjitros` jquos` a`sr`eus`
^jraohoihoi ejsor
ejsor
^jraohoih
Jmjroi

Gjm`f
Zitug kjijf`t` opogoc gjh`otoi a`str`eus` `tu kjrupogoi gjh`otoi pjraohoihoi ejsor
otou eugoi, oao t`ho s`dot yoih e`so a`pjrcot`goi2
?. Klt
Klt`d
`d pjkejf`i
pjkejf`iyo2
yo2 @i` kjk`f`g
kjk`f`g`` tubuoi
tubuoi eocwo
eocwo eoroi
eoroih
h eugoi uitug
uitug a`glisu
a`glisuks`
ks`
tjtop` uitug a`buofgjkeof` ajihoi kjkpjrlfjc gjuituihoi.
5. Bukfo
Bukfoc
c pjkejf`.
pjkejf`. G`to kjihjt
kjihjtocu`
ocu` ejejrop
ejejropoo gotjhlr`
gotjhlr` g
glisuk
lisukji
ji
- Mlkjrsm`of mlisukjrs
- `iaustr`of mlisukjrs
- hlvjrikjitof mlisukjrs.
Moro-moro usoco aor` pjrusocooi ejsor 2
- ^jraoh
^jraohoih
oihoi
oi ejs
ejsor
or kjkpui
kjkpuiyo`
yo` usoco
usoco yoih
yoih a`
a`sgr
sgr`k`
`k`iot`
iot`d,
d, coiyo
coiyo kjfoyo
kjfoyoi`
i`
pjraohoihoi jmjroi, t`aog kjfoyoi` sjkuo glisukji.
 - Qroiso
Qroisogs`
gs` p
pjra
jraoho
ohoiho
ihoi
i ejs
ejsor
or oa
oaofo
ofoc
c ejsor,
ejsor, oort`i
rt`iyo
yo fje`c
fje`c ejsor
ejsor aor`
aor`
gjeutucoi sjcor`-cor`.
- Corh
Corho-c
o-corh
orhoo aopo
aopott ej
ejru
rueo
eoc
c sjsu
sjsuo`
o` ss`t
`tuo
uos`.
s`.
Oaopui duihs` aor` usoco ejsor, yo`tu 2
- ^jihuk
^jihukpuf
pufoi
oi aoi pjiyj
pjiyjeor
eoroi.
oi. @i`foc
@i`foc du
duihs
ihs`` utoko,
utoko, kjrjg
kjrjgoo ejrus
ejrusoco
oco kjihu
kjihukpu
kpufgo
fgoi
i

eoroih aor` ejreoho` prlausji gjkua`oi kjiyjeorgoiiyo

kjiyjeorgoiiyo gjpoao pjaohoih gjm`f.
- ^jkejf
^jkejf`oi
`oi aoi pji
pjibuo
buofoi
foi.. Gjh`o
Gjh`otoi
toi pjkejf
pjkejf`oi
`oi soih
soihot
ot kjij
kjijitu
itugoi
goi gjfoim
gjfoimoro
oroi
i uitug
kjih
kjihjk
jkeo
eoih
ihgo
goi
i tu
tuho
hoss aoi
aoi to
toih
ihhu
huih
ih bo
bowo
woe
e kj
kjiy
iyok
okpo
po`g
`goi
oi eo
eoroi
roih
h ao
aoi
i bo
boso
so
gjglisukji.
- ^jk`f`
^jk`f`coi
coi eo
eoroi
roih.
h. @i` t`aog
t`aog aopot
aopot a`p`
a`p`soc
socgoi
goi ao
aor`
r` pjkejf`o
pjkejf`oi
i aoi pji
pjibuo
buofoi
foi eor
eoroih
oih..
]jeoe a`ofoc yoih kjfogugoi pjk`f`coi tjrutoko ejraosorgoi bji`s, kutu, aoi corho
eoroih p`f`coiiyo.
- ^jkejr`oi grja`t
- ^jiy`kpoioi

- ^jihoihgutoi

e. ^jraohoih
^jraohoihoi
oi Gjm`f
Gjm`f (Jmjroi)
(Jmjroi)

?. ^jihjrt`oi ^jaohoih Jmjroi

]uotu gjh`otoi kjibuof eoroih aoi boso gjpoao glisukji ogc`r. ^jraohoih jmjroi
oaofoc koto roito` tjrogc`r aofok pjiyofuroi eoroih aor` prlausji sokpo` gjpoao glisukji.
]jaoih
]jaoihgoi
goi pjaoho
pjaohoih
ih oao
oaofoc
foc lro
lroih-
ih-lro
lroih
ih oto
otou
u tlgl
tlgl yoih
yoih gjrbo
gjrbo uto
utokoi
koiyo
yo kjihjm
kjihjmjrg
jrgoi
oi
eoroih. Gjuituihoi aoi Gjfjkocoi
Gjfjkocoi ^jraohoihoi Jmjroi 2

o. Gju
Gjuitu
ituih
ihoi
oii
iyo2
yo2
- Klaof
Klaof yoih
yoih a`pj
a`pjrfu
rfugoi
goi oao
oaofoc
foc g
gjm`
jm`ff aoi rji
rjitoe
toe`f`
`f`tosi
tosiyo
yo ej
ejsor.
sor.
- ^j
^ja
aoh
ohoi
oih
h-p
-pja
jaoh
ohoi
oih
h jmjr
jmjroi
oi gjm`f
jm`f eoc
ocw
wo pj
pji
iao
aopo
poto
toi
iiy
iyoo aor`
or` usoc
soco `t
`tu
u
kjrupo
kjrupogoi
goi pji
pjiaop
aopoto
otoi
i tok
tokeoc
eocoi
oi oto
otou
u goa
goaoih
oih-go
-goaoi
aoih
h coiyo
coiyo `sji
`sjih
h otou
otou
kjih`s` wogtu flwlih tjrupoko poao aojroc kus`koi.
- Qjk
jkp
potiyo ssttrot
rotjh`s
- Cueu
Cueuih
ihoi
oi oi
oito
toro
ro pj
pjao
aoho
hoih
ih a
aoi
oi gli
glisu
sukj
kji
i gu
guot
ot..

e. Gjfjkocoiyo2

- Gjocf`oi guroih
 - Oak`
Oak`i`
i`str
stros`
os` aofo
aofok
k ort
ort`` pj
pjke
keug
uguo
uoi
i t`
t`ao
aog
g a`
a`pj
pjrc
rcot`
ot`go
goi,
i, sjc`
sjc`ih
ihho
ho go
goao
aoih
ih
goaoih coe`s a`kogoi.
- Q`ao
Q`aog
g kj
kjih
ihoa
oaog
ogoi
oi sofj
sofjss prlk
prlklt
lt`l
`li.
i.

5. ^jaohoih Gog` F`ko

^jaohoih gog` f`ko `ofoc lroih (pjaohoih-pjaohoih) hlflihoi jglilk` fjkoc, yoih
ejrbuofoi eoroih gjeutucoi sjcor`-cor`. @st`foc gog` f`ko a`oke`f aor` pjihjrt`oi tjkpot a`
tjp` bofoi yoih fjeor f`ko gog`.

M`r`-m`r` pjaohoih gog` f`ko2

- Gjh`
Gjh`ot
otoi
oi usoc
usoco,
o, t`
t`ao
aog
g tjr
tjrlr
lrho
hoi`
i`s`
s`rr sjmoro
sjmoro eo
eo`g
`g..
- Q`
Q`ao
aog
gkkjk
jk`f
`f`g
`g`` su
suro
rott ``z`
z`i
i uso
usoco
co..
- Q`ao
Q`aog
g tj
tjro
rotu
turr aofo
aofok
k gj
gjh`
h`ot
otoi
oi usoc,
usoc, eo`g a`t
a`t`i
`ibou
bou aor`
aor` tj
tjkp
kpot
ot usoco
usoco ko
koup
upui
ui
bok gjrbo.
- Ejrhjr
Ejrhjrlke
lkelf
lf otou a`
a` tjp`
tjp`-tjp
-tjp`` bofoi prlt
prltlgl
lglf,
f, a` pu
pusot
sot-pu
-pusot
sot a` ko
koio
io eoiyog
eoiyog
lroih roko`.
- Kjib
Kjibob
obor
orgo
goi
i eoroi
eoroih
h ao
aoho
hoih
ihoi
oiiy
iyoo sok
soke`
e`ff ej
ejrtj
rtjr`
r`og
og,, go
goao
aoih
ih-g
-goa
oaoi
oih
h ej
ejrf
rfor`
or`
kjiajgot` glisukji.

=. Droimc`s`ih (Xorofoeo)
Xorofoeo oaofoc soeoho` pjf`kpocoi aor` poer`g otou a`str`eutlr suotu prlaug otou
boso yoih a`ejr`goi gjpoao ohji-ohji flgof otou pjihjmjr ajihoi kjkeoyor sjbukfoc
rlyoft`. Oaopui ajdji`s` fo`i oaofoc gjrbosoko koiobjkji uitug kjibofoigoi pjrusocooi
moeoih/ pjiyofur.

Gjuituihoiiyo 2

- ^rlaug yoih a`toworgoi tjfoc kjkosug` posoroi yoih fuos aoi a`tjr`ko lfjc ukuk
- Q`aog pjrfu kjihjfuorgoi e`oyo foh` uitug kjkpjrgjiofgoi grja`e`f`tos pjrusocooi
`iaugiyo.
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- Aoi ejreoho` pjfuoih fo`iiyo.
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