Ton mile

The drilling line is a wire rope that is made of strands wounded around a steel core.

It ranges in diameter from:

- Shallow: 1" to 1-1/8"

- Deep: 1-1/4" to 2"

Drilling line does not tend to wear uniformly over its length.

The most severe wear occurs at the following two points:

- The pickup points: the points in the drilling line that are on the top of the crown block
sheaves or the bottom of the traveling block sheaves.

The lap points which is located where a new layer or lap of wire begins on the drum of
the drawworks
 TOTAL SERVICE PERFORMED

The total service performed by a rotary drilling line can be evaluated by taking into
account the amount of work done by the line in the various drilling operations: Drilling,

Coring, Fishing, Running casing, etc.

Evaluating such factors as:

- The stresses imposed by acceleration and deceleration loadings,

- Vibration stresses,

- Stresses imposed by friction forces of the line in contact with drum and sheave
surfaces, and other even more indeterminate loads.

Remember

Ton = 2000 IB Mile = 5280 ft.

2000 Ib x 5280 ft. =10. 560. 000 Ib-ft. = 1 ton-mile

- Ton-mile: a unit of measure expressed in number of short tons moved over

specific distance in mile.

By a similar argument if you have a wt. Of 10 560 000 lbs. and ether picked up or
lowered it 1 ft., it to is equivalent to doing 1 Ton Mile of work.

By definition a ton-mile is the amount of work needed to move a 1-ton load over
a distance of 1 mile.

- Most of the work done by a drilling line is that performed in making round trips
(or half-trips).

- The amount of work performed per round trip should be determined by use of
the following formula:

Were

- Tr = ton-miles {weight in tons (2,000 lb.) times distance moved in miles (5280 ft.)}

- M= mass of traveling assembly (Ib)-elevator assembly, Ib.

- Ls= length of each stand (ft)

- D = hole depth (ft)

- C=effective weight of drill collar assembly in mud effective weight of the same length of drill pipe in mud (LWdc-
LWdp) × BF

- We= effective weight per foot of drill pipe in mud

Evaluate total service and cut-off practice:
- The worm ports must be cut and removed at a regular time.
- The process is called slip and cut practice.
- The length of the line to be cut is calculated as follows:
Length of dram = number of lap x drum circumference
= number of lap x TT XD

Where
D = drum diameter
Table 14.2 recommended cut-off lengths in terms of drum laps and
derrick height for a design factor =5, courtesy of API
Derrick hight,ft. Drum diameter
28 30 32
Number OD drum laps per cut-off
187 15.5 14.5 13.5
142,143,147 11.5 11.5 11.5
133,136,138 11.5 10.5 9.5
All types of ton-mile service should be calculated and recorded in
order to obtain a true picture of the total service received from the
rotary drilling line. These include:

1. Round trip ton-miles

2. Drilling or “connection” ton-miles

3. Coring ton-miles

4. Ton-miles setting casing

5. Short-trip ton-miles
Round trip ton-miles (RTTM)

RTTM = Wp x D x (Lp + D) ÷ (2 x D) (2 x Wb + Wc)

5280 x 2000

Where RTTM = round trip ton-miles

Wp = buoyed weight of drill pipe, lb. /ft.
D = depth of hole, ft.
Lp = length of one stand of drill pipe, (aye), ft
Wb = weight of travelling block assembly, lb
Wc = buoyed weight of drill collars in mud minus the buoyed weight of
the same
Length of drill pipe, lb.
2000 = number of pounds in one ton
5280 = number of feet in one mile
Example: Round trip ton-miles
Mud weight = 9.6 ppg Average length of one stand = 60 ft. (double)
Drill pipe weight = 13.3 lb/ft. Measured depth = 4000 ft.
Drill collar length = 300 ft. Travelling block assembly=15,000 lb
Drill collar weight = 83 lb/ft.
Solution:
a) Buoyancy factor:
BF = 65.5 - 9.6 ppg. Divide 65.5
BF = 0.8534
b) Buoyed weight of drill pipe in mud, lb/ft. (Wp):
Wp = 13.3 lb/ft. x 0.8534 = 11.35 lb/ft.
c) Buoyed weight of drill collars in mud minus the buoyed weight of the same
length of drill Pipe, lb (Wc):
Wc = (300 x 83 x 0.8534) — (300 x 13.3 x 0.8534)
Wc = 21,250 — 3,405 = 17,845 lb
Round trip ton-miles =
11.35 x 4000 x (60 + 4000) + (2 x 4000) x (2 x 15000 + 17845)
5280 x 2000

RTTM = 11.35 x 4000 x 4060 + 8000 x (30,000 + 17,845)

5280 x 2000

RTTM = 11.35 x 4000 x 4060 + 8000 x 47,845

10,560,000

RTTM = 1.8432 08 + 3.8276 08 = 53.7

10,560,000
Drilling or “connection” ton-miles

The ton-miles of work performed in drilling operations is expressed in terms of work

performed in making round trips. These are the actual ton-miles of work in drilling
down the length of a section of drill pipe (usually approximately 30 ft.) plus picking up,
connecting, and starting to drill with the next section.
To determine connection or drilling ton-miles, take 3 times
(Ton-miles for current round trip minus ton-miles for previous round trip):
Td = 3(T2 — T1)
Where
Td = drilling or “connection” ton-miles
T2 = ton-miles for one round trip — depth where drilling stopped before
coming out of hole.
T1 = ton-miles for one round trip — depth where drilling started.

Example:
Ton-miles for trip @ 4600 ft. = 64.6 Ton-miles for trip @ 4000 ft = 53.7
Td = 3 x (64.6 — 53.7)
Td = 3 x 10.9
Td = 32.7 ton-miles
Ton-miles during coring operations
The ton-miles of work performed in coring operations, as for drilling operations, is
expressed in terms of work performed in making round trips.
To determine ton-miles while coring, take 2 times ton-miles for one round trip at the
depth where coring stopped minus ton-miles for one round trip at the depth where
coring began:
Tc = 2 (T4 — T3)
Where
Tc = ton-miles while coring
T4 = ton-miles for one round trip — depth where coring stopped before coming out
of hole

T3 = ton-miles for one round trip — depth where coring started after going in hole

Ton-miles setting casing

The calculations of the ton-miles for the operation of setting casing should be
determined as for drill pipe, but with the buoyed weight of the casing being used,
and with the result being multiplied by one-half, because setting casing is a one-
way (1/2 round trip) operation. Ton-miles for setting casing can be determined
from the following formula:

Tc = Wp x D x (Lcs + D) + D x Wb x 0.5
5280 x 2000
Where
Tc = ton-miles setting casing Wp = buoyed weight of casing, lb/ft
Lcs = length of one joint of casing, ft Wb = weight of travelling block
assembly, lb
Ton-miles while making short trip
The ton-miles of work performed in short trip operations, as for drilling and
coring operations, are also expressed in terms of round trips. Analysis shows
that the ton-miles of work done in making a short trip are equal to the difference
in round trip ton-miles for the two depths in question.
Tst = T6 — T5
Where
Tst = ton-miles for short trip
T6 = ton-miles for one round trip at the deeper depth, the depth of the bit before
starting the short trip.
T5 = ton-miles for one round trip at the shallower depth, the depth that the bit is
pulled up to.

CUTOFF LENGTH
The total ton-mile is calculated and the cut of length is determined from the
tables depending on the size of the wire and the ton-mile between two cut-offs.
Wire rope diameter Ton-mile between cut-off
1" 600
1 1/8" 800
1 ¼" 1100
1 3/8" 1900
1 ½" 2600
TON-MILE PER FOOT CUT GOAL

For rigs having no past performance records, ton-mile goal is decided upon, the
cut-off programed can be summarized by the

Length To Cut = TM Since Last Cut ÷Ton-Mile Goal

Drum Rope Diameter

Diameter 1" 1 1/8" 1 ¼" 1 3/8" 1 ½" 1 5/8"
18" 6.0 9.0
19" 6.0 9.0
20" 7.0 9.0
21" 7.0 10.0
22" 7.0 10.0

23" 8.0 10.0 13.0

24" 8.0 11.0 13.0 17.0
25" 8.0 11.0 14.0 17.0
26" 9.0 11.0 14.0 17.0
27" 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0

28" 12.0 15.0 18.0

29" 12.0 15.0 18.0
30" 13.0 16.0 19.0
31" 16.0 19.0
32" 17.0 20.0
33" 17.0 20.0 24.0
34" 18.0 21.0 25.0
35" 22.0 25.0
36" 28.0