Wpe Finalunacademy

WORK, POWER & ENERGY
WORK
• Whenever a force is acting on a body, displaces it in its direction, work is said to be done by the force.
• Work done by a force is equal to scalar product of force applied and displacement of the point of

application,  W = F.d
• Work is a scalar quantity.
WORK DONE BY A CONSTANT FORCE

If the direction and magnitude of a force applied on a body is constant, the force is said to be constant.
Work done by a constant force, W = Force × component of displacement along force
= displacement × component of force along displacement.
The work done will, be W = (F cos ) d = F (d cos ) F
 F cos

In vector form, W = F.d d
Note : The force of gravity is the example of constant force, hence work done by it is the example of
work done by a constant force.
WORK DONE BY A VARIABLE FORCE

If the force applying on a body is changing its direction or magnitude or both, the force is said to be
variable. Suppose a variable force causes displacement in a body from position P1 to position P2. To
calculate the work done by the force the path from P1 to P2 can be divided into infinitesimal element,
each element is so small that during displacement of body through it, the force is supposed to be con-

stant. If dr be small that during displacement of body through it, the force is supposed to be constant. If
 
dr be small displacement of point of application and F be the force applied on the body, the work done
 
by force is dW = F.dr
P2   P2  
The total work done in displacing body from P1 to P2 is given by  dW   F.dr  w   F.dr
P1 P1
  r2  
If r1 and r2 be the position vectors of the points P1 and P2 respectively, the total work done W   F.dr
r1
Note: When we consider a block attached to a spring, the force on the block is k times the elongation
of the spring, where k is spring constant. As the elongation changes with the motion of the block, there-
fore is variable. This is an example of work done by variable force.
xf
1
Here : Ws    k x dx  k(x i2  x f2 )
xi
2
CALCULATION OF WORK DONE FROM FORCE DISPLACEMENT GRAPH

Suppose a body, whose initial position is r1, is acted upon by a variable force F and consequently the
body acquires its final position r2. From position r to r + dr or for small displacement dr, the work done
 
will be F.dr whose value will be the area of the shaded strip of width dr. The work done on the body in
displacing it from position r1 to r2 will be equal to the sum of areas of all such strips
NUCLEUS-92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) India 324005, Mob. 9358006181, 9783197831 1
f2 r2 F
Thus, total work done, W   dW   F.dr = Area of P1P2NM P2
f1 r1
P1
The area of the graph between curve and displacement axis is equal
to the work done. O Mr r2 r
1
dr
Note : To calculate the work done by graphical method, for the sake of simplicity, here we have
assumed the direction of force and displacement as same, but if they are not in same direction, the graph
must be plotted between F cos  and r.
NATURE OF WORK DONE

Although work done is a scalar quantity, yet its value may be positive, negative or even zero
Negative work Zero work Positive work
F F
q F
q S q
S
( > 90°) S
( = 90°)
S ( < 90°)
S mg
F
f S
Work done by
Motion of particle mg
friction force
on circular path
( = 180°) Motion under gravity
( = 90°)
S ( = 0°)
N
f B F
O
F=2.5 N A
mg
Fmax=10N
Work done by friction
Work done by gravity mg =100 N force on block A
( = 180°) As f = F, hence S = 0  = 0°
UNITS OF WORK
SI Unit : joule (J).

joule : One joule of work is said to be done when a force of one newton displaces a
body by one meter in the direction of force.
1 joule = 1 newton × 1 meter = 1 kgm2s–2
erg : One erg of work is said to be done when a force of one dyne displaces a body by
one cm. in the direction of force.
1 erg = 1 dyne × 1 cm. = 1 gm. cm2 s–2
Other Units : (a) 1 joule = 107 erg (b) 1 erg = 10–7 joule
(c) 1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19 joule (d) 1 joule = 6.25 × 1018 eV
(e) 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10–13 J (f) 1 J = 6.25 × 1012 MeV
(g) 1 kilo watt hour (kWh) = 3.6 × 106 joule
DIMENSION OF WORK
[Work] = [Force] [Displacement]= [MLT–2][L] = [ML²T–2]
Ex. A position dependent force F = 7 – 2x + 3x2 acts on a small body of mass 2kg and displaces it from
x = 0 to x = 5 m. Calculate the work done in joule.
X2 5 5
2  2x 2 3x 3 
Sol. W   Fdx   (7x  3x ) dx  7x   = 135J
X1 0
 2 3  0
Ex. For the force displacement diagram shown in adjoining diagram. Calculate the work done by the force
in displacing the body from x = 1 cm to x = 5 cm.
20
10
F 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x(cm)
(In dyne) –10
–20
Sol. Work = Area under the curve and displacement axis = 10 + 20 – 20 + 10 = 20 erg
Ex. A uniform chain of mass M and length L is lying on a frictionless table in such a way that its 1/3 part is
hanging vertically down. Calculate the work done in pulling the chain up the table.
Sol. If length x of the chain is pulled up on the table, then the length of hanging part of the chain would be
L  ML 
  x  and its weight would be   x  g
3 L 3
If it is pulled up further by a distance dx, the work done in pulling up.
L/3
ML  ML  MgL
 dW =   x  gdx  W =
L 3 
0
  x  gdx 
L 3 18
Ex. Calculate work done to move a body of mass 10 kg along a smooth inclined plane ( = 30°) with
constant velocity through a distance of 10 m.
Sol. Here the motion is not accelerated, the resultant force parallel to the plane must be zero. So
F – Mg sin30°=0  F = Mg sin 30° & d = 10m
1
W = Fdcos = (Mgsin30°)d cos0° = 10 × 10 × × 10 × 1 = 500 J
2
Ex. Calculate work done in pulling an object with a constant force F as shown in figure. (given that the
ground is rough with coefficient of friction )
Sol. From the figure F sin + N = Mg
F
 N = Mg – F sin
F cos= f = N = [Mg – F sin] 
M
F (cos + sin) = Mg
Mgd
F= = force required to pull an object
cos    sin 
Mgd
Work done in pulling an object W = Fd =
cos    sin 
ENERGY
• The energy of a body is defined as the capacity of doing work.
• There are various form of energy
(i) mechanical energy (ii) chemical energy (iii) electrical energy (iv) sound energy
(v) light energy etc (vi) magnetic energy (vii) nuclear energy
• Energy of system always remain constant it can neither be created nor it can be destroyed however it
may be converted from one form to another
Examples
Motor
Electrical energy    Mechanical energy
Generator
Mechanical energy   Electrical energy
Photocell
Light energy   Electrical energy
Heater
Electrical energy   Heat energy
Radio / Speaker
Electrical energy   Sound energy
Nuclear Reactor
Nuclear energy   Electrical energy
Cell
Chemical energy  Electrical energy
Secondary Cell
Electrical energy 
Ch arg eable
 Chemical energy
• Energy is a scalar quantity
• Unit : Its unit is same as that of work or torque. In MKS : joule, watt second ; In CGS : erg
Note : 1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19 joule; 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 joule; 107 erg = 1 joule.
• Dimension [M1L2T–2]
• In mechanics we are concerned with mechanical energy only which is of two type :
(i) kinetic energy (ii) potential energy
KINETIC ENERGY
• The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy.
• If a body of mass m is moving with velocity v, its kinetic energy KE = 1/2 mv2.
• Kinetic energy is always positive.
• The kinetic energy of a moving body is measured by the amount of work which has been done in bringing
the body from the rest position to its present moving position.
• The kinetic energy of a moving body is measured by the amount of work which the body can do against
the external forces before it comes to rest.
Ex. In a ballistics demonstration, a police officer fires a bullet of mass 50.0 g with speed 200 ms–1 on soft
plywood of thickness 2.00 cm. The bullet emerges with only 10% of its initial kinetic energy. What is the
emergent speed of the bullet?
1 50
Sol. Initial kinetic energy, K f    200  200J  1000J
2 1000
10
Final kinetic energy, K f   1000J  100J
100
1 50
If vf is emergent speed of the bullet, then   v 2f  100
2 1000
 v f2 = 4000  vf = 63.2 ms–1.
Note that the speed is reduced by approximately 68% and not 90%.
WORK ENERGY THEOREM
Work done by all the forces (conservative or non conservative, external or internal) acting on a particle
or an object is equal to the change in it's kinetic energy. So work done by all the forces = change in
kinetic energy
1 1
W = KE = mv2f  mvi2
2 2
Ex. A particle of mass m moves with velocity v = a x where a is a constant. Find the total work done by
all the forces during a displacement from x = 0 to x = d.
1 1
Sol. Work done by all forces = W = KE = mv22  mv12
2 2
1 1
Here v1 = a 0 = 0, v2 = a d , So W = ma2d – 0 = ma2 d
2 2
Ex. The displacement x of a body of mass 1 kg on horizontal smooth surface as a function of time t is given
t3
by x = . Find the work done by the external agent for the first one second.
3
t3 dx
Sol. x= v=  t 2 , Velocity at t = 0, u = 0 and at t = 1s v = 1 m/s
3 dt
1 1 1
Using work energy theorem : W = mv2 – mu2 = 1(1)2 = 0.5 J
2 2 2
Ex. A block of mass 1kg is placed at the point A of a rough track
shown in figure. If it slightly pushed towards right it stops at the A B
point B of the track. Calculate the work done by the frictional 1m
force on the block during its transit from A to B. 0.8 m
Sol. Wc + Wnc + Wext = K

mg (1 – 0.8) + Wnc + 0 = 0  Wnc = –1 × 9.8 × 0.2 = –1.96 J
POWER
When we purchase a car or jeep we are interested in the horsepower of its engine. We know that usually
an engine with large horsepower is most effective in accelerating the automobile. In many cases it is
useful to know not just the total amount of work being done, but how fast the work is done. We define
power as the rate at which work is being done.
Work done Total change in kinetic energy
Average Power = =
Time taken to do work Total change in time
W W2  W1 KE
If W is the amount of work done in the time interval t. Then P =  
t t 2  t1 t
When work is measured in joules and t is in seconds, the unit for power is the joule per second, which is
called watt. For motors and engines, power is usually measured in horsepower, where horsepower is
1 hp = 746 W. The definition of power is applicable to all types of work like
 
dW F.dr  
mechanical, electrical, thermal. Instantaneous power P =   F.v
dt dt
Where v is the instantaneous velocity of the particle and dot product is used as only that component of
force will contribute to power which is acting in the direction of instantaneous velocity.
• Power is a scalar quantity with dimension M1L2T–3
• SI unit of power is J/s or watt
• 1 horsepower = 746 watt = 550 ft–lb/sec.
power
W
work
work
?g(a)
?g(b) ?g(c)
t

dt time time time
W = Pdt instantaneous power average power
dW W2  W1  W
P  tan  P  Pav  
dt t 2  t1 t
• Area under power–time graph gives the work done. W =  Pdt (See Fig. a)
• The slope of tangent at a point on work time graph gives instantaneous power (See Fig. b)
• The slope of a straight line joining two points on work time graph gives average power between two
points (See Fig. c)
Ex. A truck pulls a mass of 1200 kg at constant speed of 10m/s on a level road. The tension in coupling is
1000 N. What is the power spent on the mass. Find tension when truck moves up a road with inclination
1 in 6.
Sol. Force applied by truck f = 1000 N
Power spent in pulling the mass P = fv = 1000 × 10 = 104 W R F
Here sin= 1/6, the required force for truck to move up is

F = f + Mg sin  Mgsin
f
1  Mg Mgcos
F = 1000 N + 1200 × 9.8 × = 2960 N
6
Ex. A boy is able to chew 20g of ice in 5 minute. Calculate the power of the boy in horse power.
W 4.2 J/cal  20g  80cal/g
Sol. Power, P =   22.4 watt;
t 5  60 sec
22.4
P= = 0.03 hp
746
Ex. A pump is used to deliver water at a certain rate from a given pipe. To obtain n times water from same
pipe in the same time by what amount should power of motor be increased ?
dm
Sol. Amount of water / second  Av
dt
v = velocity of flow, A is area of cross-section,  = density of liquid
 dm  dm
To get n times water in same time    n  Av ' = nAv
v  v ' = nv
dt dt
dm P ' v '2 (dm/ dt) ' n 2 v 2 n dm / dt

P = v2 So  2  = n3  P ' = n3P
dt P v (dm/ dt) v 2 dm / dt
Thus to get n times water the power must be increased n3 times.
CONSERVATIVE FORCE
• A force is said to be conservative if the work done by or against the force is independent of path and
depends only on initial and final positions
• It does not depend on the nature of path followed between the initial and final positions.
Examples of Conservative Force
All central forces are conservative like gravitational, electrostatic, elastic force, restoring force due to
spring etc.
• In presence of conservative forces mechanical energy remains constant.
 
• Work done along a closed path or in a cyclic process is zero. i.e.   F.dr  0
   
• If F is a conservative force then   F  0
CENTRAL FORCE
The force whose line of action always passes through a fixed point (which is known as centre of force)
and magnitude of force depends only on the distance from this point is known as central force.

F  F(r)rˆ
All forces following inverse square law are called central forces.
 k
F  2 rˆ is central force like Gravitational force and Coulomb force.
r
• All central forces are conservative forces
• Central forces are function of position
NON CONSERVATIVE FORCE
• A force is said to be non–conservative if work done by or against the force in moving a body depends
upon the path between the initial and final positions.
• Work done in a closed path is not zero in a non–conservative force field.
• The frictional forces are non–conservative forces. This is because the work done against friction
depends on the length of the path along which a body is moved. It does not depend on the initial and final
positions. The work done by frictional force in a round trip is not zero.
Examples of non–conservative force
The velocity–dependent forces such as air resistance, viscous force etc. are non–conservative forces.
Conservative Forces Non-conservative Forces

• Work done does not depend upon path • Work done depends upon path.
• Work done in a round trip is zero
• Work done in a round trip is not zero.
• Central forces, spring forces etc. are
conservative forces • Force are velocity–dependent & retarding in
• When only a conservative force acts nature e.g. friction, viscous force etc.
within a system, the kinetic energy • Work done against a non–conservative force
and potential energy can change. may be dissipated as heat energy.
However, their sum, the mechanical • Work done is not completely recoverable
energy of the system, does not change.
• Work done is completely recoverable.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
• The energy which a body has by virtue of its position or configuration in a conservative force field.
• Potential energy is a relative quantity.
• Potential energy is defined only for conservative force field.
• Potential energy of a body at any position in a conservative force field is defined as the work done by an
external agent against the action of conservative force in order to shift it from reference point. (PE = 0)
to the present position.
• Potential energy of a body in a conservative force field is equal to the work done by the body in moving
from its present position to reference position.
• At reference position, the potential energy of the body is zero or the body has lost the capacity of doing
work.
• Relationship between conservative force field and potential energy :
 U ˆ U ˆ U ˆ
F = – U = – grad(U) = – i j k
x y z
2x
dU
• If force varies only with one dimension (along x-axis) then F = –  U    Fdx
dx x1
• Potential energy may be positive or negative
(i) Potential energy is positive, if force field is repulsive in nature Repulsion forces
U+ve
(ii) Potential energy is negative, if force field is attractive in nature U–ve
r
• If r separation between body and force centre), U , force Attraction forces
field is attractive or vice–versa.
• If r , U , force field is repulsive in nature.
Ex. A meter scale of mass m initially vertical is displaced at 45° keeping the upper end fixed. Find out the
change in potential energy.
1/2 45° G'


G
 1 mg 
1
1 
Sol. U = mg hcm= mg (1 – cos ) = mg × (1–cos 45°) =  
2 2 2  2
Ex. A uniform rod of length 4m and mass 20kg is lying horizontal on the ground. Calculate the work done in
keeping it vertical with one of its ends touching the ground.
Sol. As the rod is kept in vertical position of the centre of gravity is equal to the half the length
 4
= l/2 so Work done W = mgh = mg = (20)(9.8)   = 392 J
2  2
POTENTIAL ENERGY CURVE AND EQUILIBRIUM B
E
Potential energy (U)

It is a curve which shows change in potential energy G
with position of a particle. C D H
STABLE EQUILIBRIUM A
When a particle is slightly displaced from equilibrium x

F F F F
position and it tends t o come back towards position of particle
equilibrium then it is said to be in stable equilibrium
dU
At point C : slope is negative so F is positive
dx
dU
At point D : slope is positive so F is negative
dx
At point A : it is the point of stable equilibrium.
dU d2 U
At A U = Umin , = 0 and = positive
dx dx 2
UNSTABLE EQUILIBRIUM
When a particle is slightly displaced from equilibrium and it tends to move away from equilibrium posi-
tion then it is said to be in unstable equilibrium
dU
At point E : slope is positive so F is negative
dx
dU
At point G : slope is negative so F is positive
dx
At point B : it is the point of unstable equilibrium.
dU d2 U
At B U = Umax, = 0 and = negative
dx dx 2
NEUTRAL EQUILIBRIUM
When a particle is slightly displaced from equilibrium position and no force acts on it then equilibirum is
said to be neutral equilibrium
dU d2U
Point H is at neutral equilibrium  U = constant ;  0, 2  0
dx dx
Ex. The potential energy for a conservative force system is given by U = ax2 – bx. Where a and b are
constants find out
(a) The expression of force
(b) Equilibrium position
(c) Potential energy at equilibrium.
dU
Sol. (a) For conservative force F = – = – (2ax – b) = – 2ax + b
dx
2
b  b   b  b2
(b) At equilibrium F = 0  – 2ax + b = 0  x = (c) U = a    b    
2a  2a   2a  4a
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Total mechanical (kinetic + potential) energy of a system remains constant if only conservative forces are
acting on the system of particles and the work done by all other forces is zero except mg (Write the
gravitational potential energy instead of work done by gravity)
From work energy theorem W = KE
For internal conservative forces Wint = –U
So W = Wext + Wint = 0 + Wint= – U –U = KE (KE + U)) = 0  KE + U = (constant)
Ex. A particle is placed at the point A of a frictionless track ABC. It is
A C
pushed slightly towards right. Find its speed when it reaches the point
B. [Take g = 10 m/s2]
1m B
1 0.5m
Sol. mg(1 – 0.5) = × m × v2  v2 = (2) (10) (0.5)  v = 10 m/s
2
Ex. A body of mass 8 kg moves under the influence of a force. The position of the body and time are related
1 2
as x = t where x is in meter and t in sec. Find the work done by the force in first two seconds.
2
2 2 2
1 1  dx  1  2t  1 2  2
Sol. Work done = change in kinetic energy = mv2 = m    m     8    16J
2 2 dt 2 2 2  2 
Ex. Calculate the stopping distance for a vehicle of mass m moving with speed v along level. ( is the
coefficient of friction between tyres and the road)
1
Sol. When the vehicle of mass m is moving with velocity v, the kinetic energy of the vehicle K = mv 2 and
2
it S is the stopping distance, work done by the friction
W = FS cos = mgS cos 180° = – mgS
V2 2
So by Work–Energy theorem, W = K = Kf – Ki  – mgS = 0 – 1/2 mv  S =
2g
CIRCULAR MOTION IN VERTICAL PLANE
Suppose a particle of mass m is attached to an inextensible light string of length R. The particle is moving
in a vertical circle of radius R about a fixed point O. It is imparted a velocity u in horizontal direction at
lowest point A. Let v be its velocity at point P of the circle as shown in figure.
Here, h = R (1 –cos) ...(i)
From conservation of mechanical energy
1 O
m(u2– v2) = mgh  v2 = u2 – 2gh ....(ii) T
2  P
A
The necessary centripetal force is provided by the resultant of tension  mgcos
mgsin mg
mv 2
T and mg cos T – mg cos = ...(iii)
R
Since speed of the particle decreases with height, hence tension is maximum at the bottom, where
cos = 1 (as  = 0°) and v = u
mu 2
 Tmax= + mg
R
Tension is minimum at the top where cos = – 1 (as = 180°) and v  v '
mv' 2
 Tmin = – mg
R
CONDITION OF LOOPING THE LOOP  u = 5gR 
The particle will complete the circle if the string does not slack even at the highest point ( = ). Thus,
tension in the string should be greater than or equal to zero (T  0) at  = . In critical case substituting
mv 2min
T = 0 and  =  in Eq. (iii), we get mg =  v min  gR (at highest point) Substituting  =  in
R
Eq. (i), Therefore, from Eq. (ii)
P T=0
2 2 v min  gR
u min v min  2gh  gR  2g(2R)  5gR  u min  5gR
u min  5gR
Thus, if u  5gR , the particle will complete the circle. At u = 5gR ,
T=6mg
u
velocity at highest point is v = gR and tension in the string is zero. A
Substituting  = 0° and v = 5gR in Eq. (iii), we get T = 6 mg or in the critical condition tension in the
string at lowest position is 6 mg. This is shown in figure. If u < 5gR , following two cases are possible.
CONDITION OF LEAVING THE CIRCLE ( <u< )

2gR 5gR
If u < 5gR , the tension in the string will become zero before reaching the highest point. From Eq.
 v2 2gh  u 2
(iii), tension in the string becomes zero (T = 0) where, cos    cos  
Rg Rg
2gh  u 2 h u 2  Rg
Substituting, this value of cos in Eq. (i), we get  1  h   h1 (say) or we
Rg R 3g
can say that at height h1 tension in the string becomes zero. Further, if u < 5gR , velocity of the particle
2
u2
becomes zero when 0 = u – 2gh  h = = h2(say)...(v) i.e., at height h2 velocity of particle becomes
2g
zero.
Now, the particle will leave the circle if tension in the string becomes zero but velocity is not zero.
or T = 0 but v  0. This is possible only when h1 < h2
T=0
2 2 v  0
u  Rg u
   2u2 + 2Rg < 3u2  u2 > 2Rg  u > 2Rg P
3g 2g
O
 h>R
Therefore, if 2Rg < u < 5Rg , the particle leaves the circle. R
u
A
From Eq. (iv), we can see that h > R if u2 > 2Rg . Thus, the particle, will leave the circle when h > R
or 90° <  < 180°. This situation is shown in the figure
2Rg < u < 5Rg or 90° <  < 180°
Note : That after leaving the circle, the particle will follow a parabolic path.
CONDITION OF OSCILLATION (0 < u  )

2Rg
The particle will oscillate if velocity of the particle becomes zero but tension in the string is not zero
or v = 0, but T  0. This is possible when h2 < h1
u 2 u 2  Rg
   3u2 < 2u2 + 2Rg  u2 < 2Rg  u < 2gR v=0
2g 3g T 0
u h R
Moreover, if h1 = h2, u = 2gR and tension and velocity both becomes zero
simultaneously. Further, from Eq. (iv), we can see that h  R if u  2gR .
Thus, for 0 < u  2gR , particle oscillates in lower half of the circle (0° <   90°)
This situation is shown in the figure. 0 < u  2gR or 0° <   90°
10
Ex. A stone of mass 1 kg tied to a light string of length  = m is whirling in a circular path in vertical plane.
3
If the ratio of the maximum to minimum tension in the string is 4, find the speed of the stone at the lowest
and highest points
vP
mv2
 mg
Tmax  v 2  g
Sol.  T  4   4 2 4
min
mv 2p v p  g
 mg
 
v 2P  5g v
We know v 2  v 2p  4g   4  3v 2P  9g
v P  g
2
10
 v3P  3g  3  10  = 10 m/s–1
3
Ex. A small block slides with velocity 0.5 gr on the horizontal frictionless A v0 B
surface as shown in the figure. The block leaves the surface at point C. C
Calculate angle  in the figure.  r
O
r
mv 2C
Sol. As block leaves the surface at C so at C, normal reaction = 0  mgcos  =
r
1 1
By energy conservation at point B & C = mvC2 – mv02 =mgr (1 – cos)
2 2
1 1 2 3  3
 m (rgcos) – m 0.5 gr
2 2    mgr(1  cos )  cos  
4
   cos 1  
 4
Ex. A particle of mass m is attached to the ceiling of a cabin with an 

inextensible light string of length . The cabin is moving upward with an T 
acceleration ‘a’. The particle is taken to a position such that the string m a
makes an angle  with vertical. When string becomes vertical, find the
tension in the string.
Sol. In a frame associated with cabin work done on the particle when it comes in the vertical position
= mg(1 – cos ) + ma (1 – cos )
By work energy theorem,
mv 2 v2
= (mg + ma) (1 – cos )  = (g + a) 1 (1 – cos ) 
2 2 
a
mv 2
At vertical position, T = (mg + ma) +
 m(g+a)
 T = (mg + ma) + 2m(g + a) (1 – cos ) = mg (g + a) (3 – 2 cos )
Ex. A heavy particle hanging from a fixed point by a light inextensible string of length , is projected
horizontally with speed  g  . Find the speed of the particle and the inclination of the string to the
vertical at the instant of the motion when the tension in the string is equal to the weight of the particle.
Sol. Let tension in the string becomes equal to the weight of the particle when particle reaches the point B and
deflection of the string from vertical is  . Resolving mg along the string and perpendicular to the string,
we get net radial force on the particle at B i.e.
FR = T – mg cos  ....(i)
If vB be the speed of the particle at B, then
mv 2B
FR  .....(ii)

mv 2B
From (i) and (ii), we get, T – mg cos  = ......(iii)

mv 2B
Since at, T = mg  mg (1 – cos ) =  v 2B  g(1  cos ) .....(iv)

Applying conservation of mechanical energy of the particle at point A and B, we have
1 1
mv 2A  mg (1  cos )  mv 2B ; where vA = g and vB = g(1  cos )
2 2
2  2
 g = 2g (1– cos) + g (1– cos )  cos =   = – cos–1  
3 3
 g 
Putting the value of cos  in equation (iv), we get : v =  
3
EXERCISE (S-1)
HCV Worked out Examples(Chapter No. 8 - 1,4,6,7)
1. The sign of work done by a force on a body is important to understand. State carefully if the following
quantities are positive or negative:
(a) work done by a man in lifting a bucket out of a well by means of a rope tied to the bucket.
(b) work done by gravitational force in the above case,
(c) work done by friction on a body sliding down an inclined plane,
(d) work done by an applied force on a body moving on a rough horizontal plane with uniform velocity,
(e) work done by the resistive force of air on a vibrating pendulum in bringing it to rest.
2. A body of mass 2 kg initially at rest moves under the action of an applied horizontal force of 7 N on a
table with coefficient of kinetic friction = 0.1. Compute the
(a) work done by the applied force in 10 s,
(b) work done by friction in 10 s,
(c) work done by the net force on the body in 10 s,
(d) change in kinetic energy of the body in 10 s, and interpret your results.
3. A body constrained to move along the z-axis of a coordinate system is subject to a constant force F
given by F  iˆ  2ˆj  3kN
ˆ where î, ˆj, kˆ are unit vectors along the x-, y- and z-axis of the system
respectively. What is the work done by this force in moving the body a distance of 4 m along the z-axis
4. A particle of mass 2kg moves on a smooth horizontal plane under the action of a single force

F  (3 î  4 ˆj) newton. Under this force it is displaced from (0,0) to (–1m, 1m). Find the work done by
F (in Joule)
5. A point mass of 0.5 kg is moving along x-axis as x = t2 + 2t, where, x is in meters and t is in seconds.
Find the work done (in J) by all the forces acting on the body during the time interval [ 0, 2s]
6. A sleeve of mass 2 kg at origin can move on wire of parabolic shape x2 = 4y. Two forces F1 and F2 are
applied on the sleeve. F1 is constant and is in x-direction. F2 is constant in direction and magnitude. Body
is displaced from origin to x=4, then net work done by F1 and F2 is
F1 =6N
F2 F2 =8N
30°
x
F1
(0,0)

7. A particle of mass m is taken from position A to position B along the circular path by a force F , where
 
magnitude of F is constant (| F |) & is always directed towards point B. What will be the work done by

the force F ? Here radius of track is R.
R B
90°
F
m
A
8. A body of mass 2 kg is kept on a rough horizontal surface as shown in the figure. Find the work done by
frictional force in the time interval t = 0 to t = 5 sec.
10N
10N
30°
2 kg
=0.5
9. A particle is subject to a force Fx that varies with position as in figure. Find the work done by the
force on the body as it moves
F (N) x
(a) from x = 0 to x = 5.00 m,
(b) from x = 5.00 m to x = 10.0 m, and 3
(c) from x = 10.0 m to x = 15.0 m. 2
1
(d) What is the total work done by the force x(m)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
over the distance x = 0 tox = 15.0 m?
10. The net fore exerted on a particle acts in the +x direction. Its magnitude increases linearly from zero at
x = 0, to 24.0 N at x = 3.0 m. It remains constant at 24.0 N from x = 3.0 m to x = 8.0m and then
decreases linearly to zero at x = 13.0 m. Determine the work done to move the particle from x = 0 to
x = 13.0.
HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 8 - 4,6,8,10)

HCV Worked out Examples(Chapter No. 8 - 2,3,5)
11. A force given by the relation F = 8t (N/s) acts on a body of mass 2 kg initially at rest on a smooth surface
where t is in seconds. Find the work done by this force on the body during first 2 seconds of its motion.
Assume direction of force remain constant and body moves in the direction of force.
12. Position-time graph of a particle of mass 2 kg is shown in figure. Total work done on the particle from
t = 0 to t = 4s is
x(m)
t(s)
0 2 4 6
13. A point object of mass 2 kg is moved from point A to point B very slowly on a curved path by applying
a tangential force on a curved path as shown in figure. Then find the work done by external force in
moving the body. Given that s = 0.3, k = 0.1. [g = 10 m/s2]
20m
A 10m 5m B
h h
200m
14. A 4 kg particle moves along the X-axis. It's position x varies with time according to x(t) = t + 2t3, where
x is in m and t is in seconds. Compute:
(i) The kinetic energy at time t.
(ii) The force acting on the particle at time t.
(iii) The power delivered to the particle at time t.
(iv) The work done on the particle from t = 0 to t = 2 seconds.
15. The elevator E has a mass of 3000 kg when fully loaded and is connected as
shown to a counterweight W of mass 1000 kg. Determine the power in kilowatts
delivered by the motor
(a) when the elevator is moving down at a constant speed of 3 m/s, W
E
(b) when it has an upward velocity of 3 m/s and a deceleration of 0.5 m/s2.
M
16. A block is released from rest from top of a rough curved track as shown in figure. It comes to rest at
some point on the horizontal part. If its mass is 200 gm, calculate negative of work by friction is joules.
2m
17. Power applied to a particle varies with time as P = (3t2 – 2t +1) watt, where t is in second. Find the
change in its kinetic energy between time t = 2 s and t = 4 s.
18. A small block of mass m is lying at rest at point P of a wedge having a smooth semicircular track of
radius R. The minimum value of horizontal acceleration a0 of wedge so that mass can just reach the
point Q, is
Q
a0 P
19. A rain drop of radius 2 mm falls from a height of 500 m above the ground. It falls with decreasing
acceleration (due to viscous resistance of the air) until at half its original height, it attains its maximum
(terminal) speed, and moves with uniform speed thereafter. What is the work done by the gravitational
force on the drop in the first and second half of its journey ? What is the work done by the resistive force
in the entire journey if its speed on reaching the ground is 10 m s–1 ?
20. A 1 kg block situated on a rough incline is connected to a spring of spring constant 100 N m–1 as shown
in figure. The block is released from rest with the spring in the unstretched position. The block moves
10 cm down the incline before coming to rest. Find the coefficient of friction between the block and the
incline. Assume that the spring has a negligible mass and the pulley is frictionless.
k=100 N/m
1 kg
37°
21. A block of mass m is held at rest on a smooth horizontal floor. A light frictionless, small pulley is fixed at
a height of 6 m from the floor. A light inextensible string of length 16 m, connected with A passes over the
pulley and another identical block B is hung from the string. Initial height of B is 5m from the floor as
shown in Fig. When the system is released from rest, B starts to move vertically downwards and A slides
on the floor towards right.
B
6m
A 5m
(i) If at an instant string makes an angle  with horizontal, calculate relation between velocity u ofA and
v of B.
(ii) Calculate v when B strikes the floor.
22. For what minimum value of m1 the block of mass m will just leave the contact with surface ?
m1
K
HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 8 - 15,17,19,21,23,26,31,35,37,40,43)
HCV Worked out Examples(Chapter No. 8 - 8,9,10,11,12)
23. A mass m slides from rest at height h down a smooth curved surface which becomes horizontal at zero
height (see figure). A spring is fixed horizontally on the level part of the surface. The spring constant is
k N/m. When the mass encounters the spring it compresses it by an amount x = h/10. If m = 1 kg, h = 5m
then find k /100.
m
24. A sleeve of mass m = 10 kg can slide on a straight vertical smooth rod. The sleeve is connected to a
spring of spring constant k = 1000 N/m, whose other end is connected to a fixed support as shown in
figure. The sleeve is released when the spring is horizontal and relaxed. Find the speed in SI units of the
sleeve when it descends a distance of 40 cm. (Use g = 10m/s2)
30 cm.
25. In the figure shown, pulley and spring are ideal. Find the potential energy stored in the spring (m1 > m2).
m2
m1
26. The potential energy (in joules) function of a particle in a region of space is given as :
U = (2x2 + 3y3 + 2z)
Here x, y and z are in metres. Find the magnitude of x component of force (in newton) acting on the
particle at point P (1m, 2m, 3m).
27. The potential function for a conservative force is given by U = k( x + y). Find the work done by the
conservative force in moving a particle from the point A(1, 1) to point B (2, 3).
28. The P.E. of a particle oscillating on x-axis is given as U = 20 + (x – 2)2 here U is in Joules & x is in meters.
Total mechanical energy of particle is 36 J
(i) Find the mean position
(ii) Find the max. K.E. of the particle
HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 8 - 29,36,45,46,47,48,50,51)
HCV Worked out Examples(Chapter No. 8 - 13,14)
29. A particle is given a certain velocity v at point P as shown on a hemispherical smooth surface. The value
of v in m/s, such that particle when reaches Q the normal reaction of surface is equal to particle's weight,
is [R = 1.6 m, g = 10 m/s2]
v Q
P R
60°
30. A skier starts from rest at the top of a hill. The skier coasts down the hill and up a second hill, as the
drawing illustrates. The crest of the second hill is circular, with a radius of r = 36 m. Neglect friction and
air resistance. What must be the height h(in m) of the first hill so that the skier just loses contact with the
snow at the crest of the second hill?
31. The given graph is a potential energy function in one dimension. The total energy of particle is indicated
by cross on the ordinate axis. The graph of figure-1 is given as an example.From the figure-1, it can be
interpreted that for the given total energy indicated by cross on the ordinate axis the particle cannot be
found in the Region : x > a. Now, for the following potential functions in one dimensions, specify the
regions, in which the particle cannot be found for the energy marked as E on graphs.
U(x)
V0
E
a x
(Figure-1)
U(x)
U(x) U(x)
V0
V0
V0 E
(Graph-1) (Graph-2) E
(Graph-3) a a x
E b 2 2 b
a b x 2 2
a b c d x
32. A ball is attached to a horizontal cord of length L whose other end is fixed, (a) If the ball is released,
what will be its speed at the lowest point of its path ? (b) A peg is located a distance h directly below
the point of attachment of the cord. If h = 0.75 L, what will be the speed of the ball when it reaches the
top of its circular path about the peg ?
14
33. One end of a string of length   m is fixed and a mass of 1 kg is tied to the other end. The ball is
9
given a velocity 2 g at the bottom most point as shown in figure. The string is cut when the ball
22
becomes horizontal. Find the distance (in m) travelled till it stop for the 1st time (Take  = ).
7
2 g
HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 8 - 49,52,53,54,55,56,58,60,61,62,64xx)
EXERCISE (S-2)
1. Water is pumped from a depth of 10 m and delivered through a pipe of cross section 10–2 m2 upto a
height of 10 m. If it is needed to deliver a volume 0.2 m3 per second, find the power required.
[Use g = 10 m/s2]
2. A ring of mass m can slide over a smooth vertical rod. The ring is connected to a spring of force constant
4mg
K= where 2R is the natural length of the spring. The other end of the spring is fixed to the ground
R
at a horizontal distance 2R from the base of the rod. The mass is released at a height of 1.5R from
ground
(i) calculate the work done by the spring.
(ii) calculate the velocity of the ring as it reaches the ground.
3R/2
A
2R
3. The ends of spring are attached to blocks of mass 3kg and 2kg. The 3kg block rests on a horizontal
surface and the 2kg block which is vertically above it is in equilibrium producing a compression of 1cm
of the spring. The 2kg mass must be compressed further by at least _______, so that when it is
released, the 3 kg block may be lifted off the ground.
2kg
3kg
4. A uniform rod of mass m length L is sliding along its length on a horizontal L

table whose top is partly smooth & rest rough with friction coefficient . v0
If the rod after moving through smooth part, enters the rough with velocity
B M A
v 0. m
(i) What will be the magnitude of the friction force when its x length (< L) lies in the rough part during
sliding.
(ii) Determine the minimum velocity v0 with which it must enter so that it lies completely in rough region
before coming to rest.
(iii) If the velocity is double the minimum velocity as calculated in part (a) then what distance does its
front end A would have travelled in rough region before rod comes to rest.
U
5. A particle is confined to move along the +x axis under the action of a force
F(x) that is derivable from the potential U(x) =ax3–bx. x x
O 1
(i) Find the expression for F(x) x

0
(ii) When the total energy of the particle is zero, the particle can be trapped with in the interval x=0 to
x=x1. For this case find the values of x1.
(iii) Determine the maximum kinetic energy that the trapped particle has in its motion. Express all answers
in terms a and b. At what value of x will the kinetic energy be maximum ?
6. Two trains of equal masses are drawn along smooth level lines by engines; one of then X exerts a
constant force while the other Y works at a constant rate. Both start from rest & after a time t both again
have the same velocity v. Find the ratio of travelled distance during the interval.
7. A light string ABCDE whose mid point is C passes through smooth rings B and D, which are fixed in a
horizontal plane distance 2a apart. To each of the points A, C and E is attached a mass m. Initially C is
held at rest at O (mid point BD) and is then set free. What is the distance OC when C comes to
instantaneous rest? 2a
B D
C
A E
8. A ring of mass m slides on a smooth vertical rod. A light string is attached to the ring and is passing over
a smooth peg distant a from the rod, and at the other end of the string is a mass M (M>m). The ring is
2mMa
held on a level with the peg and released. Show that it first comes to rest after falling a distance 2
M  m2
a
m
=0
M
9. In figure two identical springs, each with a relaxed length of 50 cm and a spring constant of 500 N/m, are
connected by a short cord of length 10 cm. The upper string is attached to the ceiling, a box that weighs
100N hangs from the lower spring. Two additional cords, each 85 cm long, are also tied to the assembly;
they are limp (i.e. slack).
(i) If the short cord is cut, so that the box then hangs from the springs and the two longer cords, does
the box move up or down?
(ii) How far does the box move before coming to rest again?
10. A 650-kg elevator starts from rest. It moves upward for 3.00 s with constant acceleration until it reaches
its cruising speed of 1.75 m/s.
(i) What is the average power of the elevator motor during this period?
(ii) How does this power compare with its power when it moves at its cruising speed?
11. A car’s engine can deliver 90kW of power. The car’s mass is 1000kg. Assume the total resistive force
is proportional to the velocity: |Ffriction| = v. The drag coefficient  is  = 100Ns/m. Car can maintain
on a level road a maximum speed of _____________ m/s?
EXERCISE (O-1)
1. A force of magnitude of 30 N acting along î  ˆj  kˆ , displaces a particle from point (2, 4, 1) to (3, 5, 2).
The work done during this displacement is
(A) 90 J (B) 30 J (C) 30 3 J (D) 30 / 3 J
2. The work done in joules in increasing the extension of a spring of stiffness 10 N/cm from 4 cm to 6 cm
is:
(A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 50 (D) 100
3. A rope is used to lower vertically a block of mass M by a distance x with a constant downward acceleration
g/2. The work done by the rope on the block is :
1 1
(A) Mgx (B) Mgx² (C) – Mgx (D) Mgx²
2 2
4. In the figure shown all the surfaces are frictionless, and mass of the block, m = 1 kg. The block and
wedge are held initially at rest. Now wedge is given a horizontal acceleration of 10 m/s2 by applying a
force on the wedge, so that the block does not slip on the wedge. Then work done by the normal force
in ground frame on the block in 3 seconds is :
10m/s2
m
M

(A) 30J (B) 60 J (C) 150 J (D) 100 3 J

5. A particle is moved from (0, 0) to (a, a) under a force F  (3iˆ  4ˆj) from two paths. Path 1 is OP and
path 2 is OQP. Let W1 and W2 bethe work done by this force in these two paths. Then :
y
P(a,a)
45°
O x
Q
(A) W1 = W2 (B) W1 = 2W2 (C) W2 = 2W1 (D) W2 = 4W1
6. A bicyclist comes to a skidding stop in 10 m. During this process, the force on the bicycle due to the road
is 200N and is directly opposed to the motion. The work done by the cycle on the road is
(A) + 2000J (B) – 200J (C) zero (D) – 20,000J
7. A body of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with velocity v = ax3/2 where a = 5 m–1/2s–1. The work
done by the net force during its displacement from x = 0 to x = 2 m is
(A) 1.5 J (B) 50 J (C) 10 J (D) 100 J
8. A man who is running has half the kinetic energy of the boy of half his mass. The man speeds up by
1 m/s and then has the same kinetic energy as the boy. The original speed of the man was
(A) 2 m/s (B) ( 2  1) m/s (C) 2 m/s (D) ( 2  1) m/s
9. A mass of 5 kg is moving along a circular path of radius 1 m. If the mass moves with 300 revolutions per
minute, its kinetic energy would be
(A) 250 2 (B) 1002 (C) 52 (D) 0
10. In the figure, a block slides along a track from one level to a higher level, by moving through an intermediate
valley. The track is frictionless untill the block reaches the higher level. There a frictional force stops the
block in a distance d. The block's initial speed v0 is 6 m/s, the height difference h is 1.1 m and the
coefficient of kinetic friction µ is 0.6. The value of d is
=0.6
v0
h
=0
(A) 1.17 m (B) 1.71 m (C) 7.11 m (D) 11.7 m
11. A particle moves on a rough horizontal ground with some initial velocity say v0. If 3/4 of its kinetic energy
is lost in friction in time t0 then coefficient of friction between the particle and the ground is
v0 v0 3v0 v0
(A) 2gt (B) 4gt (C) 4gt (D) gt
0 0 0 0
12. A block of mass m is hung vertically from an elastic thread of force constant mg/a. Initially the thread was
at its natural length and the block is allowed to fall freely. The kinetic energy of the block when it passes
through the equilibrium position will be :
(A) mga (B) mga/2 (C) zero (D) 2mga
13. A block of mass m is attached with a massless spring of force constant k.The block is placed over a
3
rough inclined surface for which the coefficient of friction is   . The minimum value of M required to
4
move the block up the plane is : (Neglect mass of string and pulley and friction in pulley)
M
m
37°
3 4 3
(A) m (B) m (C) 2m (D) m
5 5 2
14. A body is initially at rest. It undergoes one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration. The power
delivered to it at time t is proportional to
(A) t1/2 (B) t (C) t3/2 (D) t2
15. A body is moving unidirectionally under the influence of a source of constant power. Its displacement in
time t is proportional to
(A) t1/2 (B) t (C) t3/2 (D) t2
16. Assume the aerodynamic drag force on a car is proportional to its speed. If the power output from
theengine is doubled, then the maximum speed of the car.
(A) is unchanged (B) increases by a factor of 2
(C) is also doubled (D) increases by a factor of four.
17. Two inclined frictionless tracks, one gradual and the other steep meet at A from where two stones
areallowed to slide down from rest, one on each track as shown in figure. Which of the following
statement is correct? A
I II
h
1 2
B C
(A) Both the stones reach the bottom at the same time but not with the same speed.
(B) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same speed and stone I reaches the bottom earlier than
stone II.
(C) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same speed and stone II reaches the bottom earlier than
stone I.
(D) Both the stones reach the bottom at different times and with different speeds.
18. Track OABCD (as shown is figure) is smooth and fixed in vertical plane. What minimum speed has to be
given to a particle lying at point A, so that it can reach point C?
B
140m
D
320m
C
O
A
(A) 60 m/s (B) 100 m/s (C) 70 m/s (D) 80 m/s
19. In a shotput event an athlete throws the shotput of mass 10 kg with an initial speed of 1m/s at 45° from
a height 1.5 m above ground. Assuming air resistance to be negligible and acceleration due to gravity to
be 10 m/s2 , the kinetic energy of the shotput when it just reaches the ground will be
(A) 2.5 J (B) 5.0 J (C) 52.5 J (D) 155.0 J
20. In the figure shown, the system is released from rest. Find the velocity of block A when block B has fallen
a distance '  '. Assume all pulleys to be massless and frictionless.
A m P
m B
g
(A) (B) g (C) 5g (D) None of these
5
21. When a conservative force does positive work on a body
(A) the potential energy increases (B) the potential energy decreases
(C) total energy increases (D) total energy decreases
22. A particle is released from rest at origin. It moves under influence of potential field U = x2 – 3x , kinetic
energy at x = 2 is
(A) 2 J (B) 1 J (C) 1.5 J (D) 0 J
23. A wedge of mass M fitted with a spring of stiffness 'k' is kept on a smooth horizontal surface. A rod of
mass m is kept on the wedge as shown in the figure. System is in equilibrium. Assuming that all surfaces
are smooth, the potential energy stored in the spring is:
m
k
M

mg 2 tan 2  m 2 g tan 2  m 2 g 2 tan 2  m 2 g 2 tan 2 

(A) (B) (C) (D)
2k 2k 2k k
24. A body with mass 2 kg moves in one direction in the presence of a force which is described by the
potential energy graph. If the body is released from rest at x = 2m, then its speed when it crosses
x = 5 m is
10
8
U(Joule)
3.5 4.5
1 2 3 4 5
x(meter)
(A) zero (B) 1 ms–1 (C) 2 ms–1 (D) 3 ms–1
25. In the figure shown the potential energy (U) of a particle is plotted against its position 'x' from origin.
Then which of the following statement is correct. A particle at : U
(A) x1 is in stable equilibrium
(B) x2 is in stable equilibrium
(C) x3 is in stable equilibrium
O x x x x
(D) None of these 1 2 3
26. As a particle moves along the x–axis it is acted upon by a conservative force. The potential energy is
shown below as a function of the coordinate x of the particle. Rank the labelled regions according to the
magnitude of the force, least to greatest.
U(x)
x
A B C D
(A) AB, BC, CD (B) AB, CD, BC (C) BC, CD, AB (D) BC, AB, CD
27. A small block slides down from rest at point A on the surface of a smooth circular cylinder, as shown. At
point B, the block falls off (leaves) the cylinder. The equation relating the angles 1 and 2 is given by
A
B
2
1
2 3 2 3
(A) sin 2  sin 1 (B) sin 2  sin 1 (C) cos 2  cos 1 (D) cos 2  cos 1
3 2 3 2
28. A particle of mass m is released from point A on smooth fixed circular track
in vertical plane as shown. If the particle is released from rest at t = 0, then
R O
A
variation of normal reaction N with () angular displacement from initial m
position is –
N N N N
(A) 3mg (B) 3mg (C) 3mg (D) 3mg

   
29. A particle is given an initial speed u inside a smooth spherical shell of radius R = 1 m that it is just able
to complete the circle. Acceleration of the particle when its velocity is vertical is -
R
u
(A) g 10 (B) g (C) g 2 (D) 3g

30. A stone tied to a string of length L is whirled in a vertical circle with the other end of the string at the
centre. At a certain instant of time, the stone is at its lowest position, and has a speed u. The magnitude
of the change in its velocity as it reaches a position where the string is horizontal is -
(A) u 2  2gL (B) 2gL (C) u 2  2gL (D) 2  u 2  gL 
MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
31. Which of the following statements is TRUE for a system comprising of two bodies in contact exerting
frictional force on each other :
(A) total work done by static friction on whole system is always zero.
(B) work done by static friction on a body is always zero
(C) work done by kinetic friction on a body is always negative
(D) total work done by internal kinetic friction on whole system is always negative
32. A particle of mass m is at rest in a train moving with constant velocity with respect to ground. Now the
particle is accelerated by a constant force F0 acting along the direction of motion of train for time t0. A girl
in the train and a boy on the ground measure the work done by this force. Which of the following are
INCORRECT?
(A) Both will measure the same work
(B) Boy will measure higher value than the girl
(C) Girl will measure higher value than the boy
(D) Data are insufficient for the measurement of work done by the force F0
33. A smooth track in the form of a quarter circle of radius 6 m lies in the vertical plane. A particle movesfrom
   
P1 to P2 under the action of forces F1 , F2 and F3 . Force F1 is always toward P2 and is always 20N in
 
magnitude. Force F2 always acts horizontally and is always 30 N in magnitude. Force F3 always acts
tangentially to the track and is of magnitude 15 N. Select the correct alternative(s)
O 6m P2
6m F1
F3
P1 F2
 
(A) work done by F1 is 120 J (B) work done by F2 is 180 J
 
(C) work done by F3 is 45 (D) F1 is conservative in nature
MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS

34. In the figure shown are two blocks A and B of same mass connected with pulley and string to each other.
Initially both of them are at a height of h = 0.5 m from ground. After they are released they move in either
direction and one of them strike the ground. For, the interval from releasing to when one of them strike,
some physical quantities are in column I and their modulus values in SI units are in column II.
A B
Column I Column II
(A) Velocity of A immediately before any one of them strike ground. (P) 1
(B) Velocity of B immediately before any one of them strike ground. (Q) 2
(C) Ratio of work done by gravity on A to workdone by gravity on B. (R) 3
(D) Acceleration of block A before any one of them strike ground. (S) 4
(T) 5
35. A block of mass m is released from top of a smooth track as shown in the figure. The end part of the
track is a circle in vertical plane of radius R. N is normal reaction of the track at any point of the track.
Match the entries of column I with entries of column–II.
h C
Column I Column II
(A) h = 5/2 R (P) Net force on the block at C is mg
(B) h = 9/2 R (Q) NA – NB = 6 mg
(C) h=R (R) Block leaves contact before B
(D) h = 2R (S) Block will keep contact with the track is region between A & B.
(T) NC > mg
EXERCISE (O-2)
1. A light spring of length 20 cm and force constant 2 N/cm is placed vertically on a table. A small block of
mass 1 kg falls on it. The length h from the surface of the table at which the block will have the maximum
velocity is :
(A) 20 cm (B) 15 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 5cm
2. A particle of mass m is suspended from a fixed point O by a string of length  . At t=9 s, it is displaced
from equilibrium position and released. The graph, which shows the variation of the tension T in the string
with time 't', may be at the equilibrium, it changes with change in velocity of the particle.
T T T T
(A) (B) (C) (D)

O t O t O t O t
3. As shown in the figure, a man pushes forward on the compartment which is accelerating uniformly to the
left. If the man stays at rest relatively to the compartment, which of the following is correct?
(A) The man does positive work on the compartment

(B) The man does negative work on the compartment
(C) The man does zero work on the compartment
(D) It cannot be determined.
4. Two identical blocks A and B are placed on two inclined planes as shown in diagram. Neglect air
resistance and other friction. Choose the correct statement :
A L N B
h h
Fixed Fixed
J l K M 2l O
Statement I : Kinetic energy of 'A' on sliding to J will be greater than the kinetic energy of B on falling
to M.
Statement II : Acceleration of 'A' will be greater than acceleration of 'B' when both are released to slide
on inclined plane.
Statement III : Work done by external agent to move block slowly from position B to O is negative
(A) statement I is true (B) statement II is true
(C) statement I and III are true (D) statement II and III are true
MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
5. A particle of mass 2 kg is projected with an initial speed u = 10 m/sec at an angle  = 30° with the
horizontal
(A) The magnitude of work done on the particle during the first half of the total time of flight of the
particle is 25J.
(B) The magnitude of work done on the particle during the total time of flight of the particle is 0 J.
(C) The magnitude of average power delivered to the particle during the first half of the flight is 50 watt.
(D) The radius of curvature of the trajectory of the particle at the highest point of the projectile is 7.5m.
6. A particle is shifted from A to B and then from B to C where A, B and C are the midpoints of the

corresponding faces of a cube of side 2m. If a force F  (3iˆ  4ˆj  5k)N
ˆ is continuously acting on the
particle, then select correct alternative is
y
B
O x
A
z
(A) work done from A to B is 7 J (B) work done from B to C is 1 J

(C) work done A to C is 8 J (D) force F , is conservative force
7. Which of the following is/are conservative force(s)?
  5  x2 y2 ˆ 
(A) F  2r 3 rˆ (B) F   rˆ (C) F  ˆ
i  j (D) F  yiˆ  xjˆ
r y x
8. If one of the forces acting on a particle is conservative then :

(A) Its work is zero when the particle moves exactly once around any closed path.
(B) Its work equals the change in the kinetic energy of the particle.
(C) It obeys Newton's second law.
(D) Its work depends on the end points of the motion, not on the path between.
9. A particle of mass m = 1 kg lying on x–axis experiences a force given by law F=x(3x–2) Newton, where
x is the x–coordinate of the particle in meters. The points on x–axis where the particle is in equilibrium
are :
(A) x = 0 (B) x = 1/3 (C) x = 2/3 (D) x = 1
Paragraph for Question 10 & 14
A block of mass m is kept in an elevator which starts moving downward with an acceleration a0 as
shown in figure. The block is observed by two observers A and B for a time interval t0.
A a0
10. The observer B finds that the work done by gravity is

1 1 1 1
(A) mg 2 t 20 (B)  mg t 0
2 2
(C) mgat 0
2 2
(D)  mgat 0
2 2 2 2
11. The observer B finds that work done by normal reaction N is
2
Nat 2
(A) zero (B)  Nat 0 (C)  (D) None of these
2
12. The observer B finds that work done by pseudo force is
(A) zero (B) –ma2t0 (C) + ma2t0 (D) – mgat0
13. According to observer B, the net work done on the block is
1 2 2 1 1 1
(A)  ma t 0 (B) ma 2 t 20 (C) mgat 20 2
(D)  mgat 0
2 2 2 2
14. According to the observer A
(A) the work done by gravity is zero (B) the work done by normal reaction is zero
(C) the work done by pseudo force is zero (D) all the above

Ram and Shyam are two fast friends since childhood. Shyam neglected studies and now has no means
to earn money other than a camel whereas Ram becomes an engineer. Now both are working in the
same factory. Shyam uses camel to transport the load within the factory.
Due to low salary & degradation in health of camel, Shyam becomes worried and meet his friend Ram
and discusses his problem. Ram collected some data & with some assumptions concluded the following:
(i) The load used in each trip is 1000 kg and has friction coefficient k = 0.1 and s = 0.2.
(ii) Mass of camel is 500 kg.
(iii) Load is accelerated for first 50 m with constant acceleration, then it is pulled at a constant
speed of 5m/s for 2 km and at last stopped with constant retardation in 50 m.
(iv) From biological data, the rate of consumption of energy of camel can be expressed as
P=18×103 v+104 J/s where P is the power and v is the velocity of the camel. After calculations
on different issues Ram suggested proper food, speed of camel etc. to his friend. For the
welfare of Shyam, Ram wrote a letter to the management to increase his salary.
(Assuming that the camel exerts a horizontal force on the load) :
15. Sign of work done by the camel on the load during parts of motion : accelerated motion, uniform
motion and retarted motion respectively are :
(A) +ve, + ve, +ve (B) +ve, +ve, – ve (C) +ve, zero, – ve (D) +ve, zero, +ve
16. The ratio of magnitude of work done by camel on the load during accelerated motion to retarded
motion is :
(A) 3 : 5 (B) 2.2 : 1 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 5 : 3
17. Maximum power transmitted by the camel to load is :

(A) 6250 J/s (B) 5000 J/s (C) 105 J/s (D) 1250 J/s
18. The ratio of the energy consumed of the camel during uniform motion for the two cases when it
moves with speed 5 m/s to the case when it moves with 10 m/s.
19 19 10 20
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 10 19 19
19. The total energy consumed of the camel during the trip of 2100 m is
(A) 2.1 × 106 J (B) 4.22 × 107 J (C) 2.22 × 104 J (D) 4.22 × 106 J
An object of mass M is gently placed on a horizontal conveyor belt, which is moving with uniform
velocity vo as shown in the figure. The coefficient of static friction is s, the coefficient of kinetic friction
is k, and the acceleration of gravity is g. Initially the object slips for a while but finally moves without
slipping together with the belt.
20. How far the conveyor belt moves while the object is slipping?
vo2 v 2o v2o v 2o
(A) (B) (C) (D)
kg 2 k g s g 2s g
21. Work done on the object by friction force relative to the reference frame moving with the conveyer belt
is
1 2 1 2
(A) Mv o (B)  Mv o (C) Mv2o (D) zero
2 2
Paragraph for Question 22 to 24
The vertical bar and it’s supporting base illustrated has a combined mass of M. At the m
lower end of the bar there is a spring of natural length l0=16 cm attached to the base
plate. The small bead of mass m=0.1 kg can slide down on the bar without friction. When
the bead is carefully placed onto the spring at equilibrium, the spring is compressed by
M
x0=2 cm. (g = 10 m/s2)
22. What is the spring constant?

(A) 40 N/m (B) 10 N/m (C) 50 N/m (D) 60 N/m
23. At what height h from base should the bead be released, so that the spring should compressed by 8 cm?
(A) 20 cm (B) 24 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 35 cm
24. Let us assume that in previous question during impact the bead gets glued (attached) to the free end of
the spring. What is the minimum mass M needed to prevent the support from jumping up?
(A) 0.2 kg (B) 0.15 kg (C) 1.5 kg (D) 0.3 kg
MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS

25. A block of mass m lies on wedge of mass M. The wedge in turn lies on smooth horizontal surface.
Friction is absent everywhere. The wedge block system is released from rest. All situation given in
column-I are to be estimated in duration the block undergoes a vertical displacement 'h' starting
from rest (assume the block to be still on the wedge). Match the statement in column-I with the
results in column-II. (g is acceleration due to gravity)
m
Column I Column II
(A) Work done by normal reaction acting (P) positive
on the block is
(B) Work done by normal reaction (exerted (Q) negative
by block) acting on wedge is
(C) The sum of work done by normal reaction (R) zero
on block and work done by normal
reaction (exerted by block) on wedge is
(D) Net work done by all forces on block is (S) less than mgh in magnitude
EXERCISE (JM)
1. If a body loses half of its velocity on penetrating 3 cm in a wooden block, then how much will it penetrate
more before coming to rest? [AIEEE 2002, 4/300]
(1) 1 cm (2) 2 cm (3) 3 cm (4) 4 cm
2. A spring of force constant 800 N/m has an extension of 5cm. The work done in extending it from 5cm to
15cm is 800 N/m
[AIEEE 2002, 4/300]
(1) 16 J (2) 8 J (3) 32 J (4) 24 J
3. A spring of spring constant 5 × 103 N/m is stretched initially by 5 cm from the unstretched position. Then
the work required to stretch it further by another 5 cm is : [AIEEE 2003, 4/300]
(1) 12.50 N-m (2) 18.75 N-m (3) 25.00 N-m (4) 6.25 N-m
4. A uniform chain of length 2 m is kept on a table such that a length of 60 cm hangs freely from the edge of
the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg. What is the work done in pulling the entire chain on the
table?
[AIEEE 2004, 4/300]
(1) 7.2 J (2) 3.6 J (3) 120 J (4) 1200 J

5. A force F  (5iˆ  3jˆ  2k)
ˆ N is applied over a particle which displaces it from origin to the point

r  (2iˆ  ˆj) m . The work done on the particle in joules is :
[AIEEE 2004, 4/300]
(1) – 7 (2) + 7 (3) + 10 (4) + 13
6. A body of mass m is accelerated uniformly from rest to a speed v in a time T. The instantaneous power
delivered to the body as a function of time, is given by : [AIEEE 2005, 4/300]
mv 2 mv 2 2 1 mv 2 1 mv 2 2
(1) .t (2) .t (3) .t (4) .t
T2 T2 2 T2 2 T2
7. A particle of mass 100 g is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 5 m/s. the work done by the force
of gravity during the time the particle goes up is [AIEEE 2006, 1.5/180]
(1) – 0.5 J (2) –1.25 J (3) +1.25 J (4) 0.5 J
8. A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown vertically upwards by applying a force by hand. If the hand moves 0.2 m
while applying the force and the ball goes upto 2 m height further, find the magnitude of the force.
Consider g = 10 m/s2 [AIEEE 2006, 3/180]
(1) 22 N (2) 4 N (3) 16 N (4) 20 N
9. A particle is projected at 60º to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest
point is
[AIEEE 2007, 3/120]
(1) K (2) zero (3) K/4 (4) K/2
10. An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated
to be in the range [AIEEE 2008, 3/105]
(1) 2 × 105 J – 3 × 105 J (2) 20,000 J – 50,000 J
(3) 2,000 J – 5,000 J (4) 200 J – 500 J
11. At time t = 0s a particle starts moving along the x-axis. If its kinetic energy increases uniformlywith time
‘t’, the net force acting on it must be proportional to : [AIEEE 2011 ]
1
(1) constant (2) t (3) (4) t
t
12. This question has Statement-1 and Statement-2. Of the four choices given after the statements,
choose the one that best describes the two statements. [AIEEE-2012]
If two springs S1 and S2 of force constants k1 and k2, respectively, are stretched by the same force, it is
found that more work is done on spring S1 than on spring S2.
Statement-1: If stretched by the same amount, work done on S1, will be more than that on S2
Statement-2 : k1 < k2
(1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(4) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is the correct explanation of statement-1.
13. When a rubber-band is stretched by a distance x, it exerts a restoring force of magnitude F = ax + bx2
where a and b are constants. The work done in stretching the unstretched rubber-band by L is:-
[JEE-Main-2014]
aL2 bL3 1  aL2 bL3  1

(3) aL2 + bL3 (4)  aL  bL 
2 3
(1)  (2) 2  2  3 
2 3   2
14. A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.Assume
that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated. How much fat will he use up
considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up? Fat supplies 3.8 × 107 J of energy per kg
which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. Take g = 9.8 ms–2 :-
[JEE-Main-2016]
–3 –3 –3
(1) 12.89 × 10 kg (2) 2.45 × 10 kg (3) 6.45 × 10 kg (4) 9.89 × 10–3 kg
15. A point particle of mass, moves along the uniformly rough track PQR as shown in the figure. The
coefficient of friction, between the particle and the rough track equals . The particle is released, from
rest, from the point P and it comes to rest at a point R. The energies, lost by the ball, over the parts,
PQ and PR, of the track, are equal to each other, and no energy is lost when particle changes direction
from PQ to QR. The values of the coefficient of friction  and the distance x(=QR) are, respectively
close to :-
[JEE MAIN - 2016]
P
h=2M
30° R
Horizontal Q
Surface
(1) 0.29 and 6.5 m (2) 0.2 and 6.5 m (3) 0.2 and 3.5 m (4) 0.29 and 3.5 m
16. A body of mass m = 10 kg is moving in a medium and experiences a frictional force F = –kv2. Its initial
–2
1
speed is v0 = 10 ms–1. If, after 10 s, its energy is mv 20 , the value of k will be :-
8
[JEE Main - 2017]
–4 –1 –1 –1 –1 –3 –1 –3 –1
(1) 10 kg m (2) 10 kg m s (3) 10 kg m (4) 10 kg s
17. A time dependent force F = 6t acts on a particle of mass 1 kg. If the particle starts from rest, the work
done by the force during the first 1 sec. will be : [JEE Main - 2017]
(1) 9J (2) 18 J (3) 4.5 J (4) 22 J
18. A particle is moving with a uniform speed in a circular orbit of radius R in a central force inversely
proportional to the nth power of R. If the period of rotation of the particle is T, then:
[JEE Main - 2018]
(1) Tµ R n/2 3/2
(2) Tµ R for any n.
n
(3) T  R 2 1 (4) T µ R(n+1)/2
k
19. A particle is moving in a circular path of radius a under the action of an attractive potential U   .
2r 2
Its total energy is: [JEE Main - 2018]
3k k k
(1)  (2)  (3) (4) zero
2a 2 4a 2 2a 2
20. A block of mass m, lying on a smooth horizontal surface, is attached to a spring (of negligible mass) of
spring constant k. The other end of the spring is fixed, as shown in the figure. The block is initially at rest
in its equilibrium position. If now the block is pulled with a constant force F, the maximum speed of the
block is : [JEE Main - 2019]
F 2F F F
(1) (2) (3) (4)
mk mk mk  mk
21. A force acts on a 2 kg object so that its position is given as a function of time as x = 3t2 + 5. What is the
work done by this force in first 5 seconds ? [JEE Main-2019]
(1) 950 J (2) 875 J (3) 900 J (4) 850 J
22. A block of mass m is kept on a platform which starts from rest with constant acceleration g/2 upward,
as shown in fig. Work done bv normal reaction on block in time t is : [JEE Main-2019]
mg 2 t 2 mg 2 t 2 3mg 2 t 2
(1) (2)  (3) (4) 0
8 8 8
    
23. A particle which is experiencing a force, given by F  3i  12 j , undergoes a displacement of d  4i . If
the particle had a kinetic energy of 3 J at the beginning of the displacement, what is its kinetic energy at
the end of the displacement ? [JEE Main-2019]
(1) 9 J (2) 12 J (3) 10 J (4) 15 J
24. A particle moves in one dimension from rest under the influence of a force that varies with the distance
travelled by the particle as shown in the figure. The kinetic energy of the particle after it has travelled 3 m
is [JEE Main-2019]
(1) 6.5 J (2) 4 J (3) 2.5 J (4) 5 J
25. A uniform cable of mass ‘M’ and length ‘L’ is placed on a horizontal surface such that its (1/n)th part is
hanging below the edge of the surface. To lift the hanging part of the cable upto the surface, the work
done should be: [JEE Main-2019]
2MgL MgL MgL
(1) nMgL (2) (3) (4)
n2 2n 2 n2
26. A wedge of mass M = 4m lies on a frictionless plane. A particle of mass m approaches the wedge with
speed v. There is no friction between the particle and the plane or between the particle and the wedge.
The maximum height climbed by the particle on the wedge is given by: [JEE Main-2019]
v2 2v 2 2v 2 v2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2g 5g 7g g
27. A 60 HP electric motor lifts an elevator having a maximum total load capacity of 2000 kg. If the frictional
force on the elevator is 4000 N, the speed of the elevator at full load is close to:
(1 HP = 746 W, g = 10 ms–2) [JEE Main-2020]
–1 –1 –1
(1) 1.7 ms (2) 1.9 ms (3) 1.5 ms (4) 2.0 ms–1
28. A particle (m=l kg) slides down a frictionless track (AOC) starting from rest at a point A (height 2 m).
After reaching C, the particle continues to move freely in air as a projectile. When it reaching its highest
point P (height 1 m), the kinetic energy of the particle (in J) is : (Figure drawn is schematic and not to
scale; take g = 10 ms–2). [JEE Main-2020]
29. An elevator in a building can carry a maximum of 10 persons, with the average mass of each person
being 68 kg. The mass of the elevator itself is 920 kg and it moves with a constant speed of 3 m/s. The
frictional force opposing the motion is 6000 N. If the elevator is moving up with its full capacity, the
power delivered by the motor to the elevator (g = 10 m/s2) must be at least :
[JEE Main-2020]
(1) 56300 W (2) 66000 W (3) 62360 W (4) 48000 W

30. Consider a force F   xiˆ  yjˆ . The work done by this force in moving a particle from point A(1, 0) to
B(0, 1) along the line segment is : (all quantities are in SI units) [JEE Main-2020]
1 3
(1) 2 (2) (3) 1 (4)
2 2
31. One end of a straight uniform 1 m long bar is pivoted on horizontal table. It is released from rest when it
makes an angle 30° from the horizontal (see figure). Its angular speed when it hits the table is given as
n s –1 , where n is an integer. The value of n is _________ . [JEE Main-2020]
32. [JEE Main-2020]
A small block starts slipping down from a point B on an inclined plane AB, which is making an angle 
with the horizontal section BC is smooth and the remaining section CA is rough with a coefficient of
friction . It is found that the block comes to rest as it reaches the bottom (point A) of the inclined plane.
If BC = 2AC, the coefficient of friction is given by  = k tan . The value of k is______.
33. A cricket ball of mass 0.15 kgi is thrown vertically up by a bowling machine so that it rises to a maximum
height of 20 m after leaving the machine. If the part pushing the ball applies a constant force F on the ball
and moves horizontally a distance of 0.2m while launching the ball, the value of F(in N) is (g = 10ms–2)______.
[JEE Main-2020]
34. A block of mass 1.9 kg is at ret at the edge of a table, of height 1 m. A bullet of mass 0.1 kg collides with
the block and sticks to it. If the velocity of the bullet is 20 m/s in the horizontal direction just before the
collision then the kinetic energy just before the combined system strikes the floor, is [Take g = 10 m/s2.
Assume there is no rotational motion and loss of energy after the collision is negligible.]
[JEE Main-2020]
(1) 19 J (2) 20 J (3) 21 J (4) 23 J
35. A particle is moving unidirectionally on a horizontal plane under the action of a constant power supplying
energy source. The displacement (s) - time (t) graph that describes the motion of the particle is (graphs
are drawn schematically and are not to scale): [JEE Main-2020]
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
36. A person pushes a box on a rough horizontal plateform surface. He applies a force of 200 N over a
distance of 15 m. Thereafter, he gets progressively tired and his applied force reduces linearly with
distance to 100 N. The total distance through which the box has been moved is 30 m. What is the work
done by the person during the total movement of the box ? [JEE Main-2020]
(1) 5250 J (2) 3280 J (3) 2780 J (4) 5690 J
37. A body of mass 2 kg is driven by an engine delivering a constant power of 1 J/s. The body starts from
rest and moves in a straight line. After 9 seconds, the body has moved a distance (in m) _______ .
[JEE Main-2020]
38. The potential energy (U) of a diatomic molecule is a function dependent on r (interatomic
distance) as [JEE Main-2021]
 
U  3
r10 r 5
where,  and  and are positive constants. The equilibrium distance between two atoms will be
a
 2  b
  , where a = ________.
  
EXERCISE (JA)
1. In a region of only gravitational field of mass 'M' a particle is shifted from A to B via three different paths
in the figure. The work done in different paths are W1, W2, W3 respectively then
(3) [IIT-JEE 2003]
B C
M
(2)
(1)
A
(A) W1 = W2 = W3 (B) W1 = W2 > W3 (C) W1 > W2 > W3 (D) W1 < W2 < W3
2. A particle is placed at the origin and a force F = kx is acting on it (where k is positive constant). If U(0)=0,
the graph of U(x) versus x will be (where U is the potential energy function) : [IIT-JEE 2004]
U(x)
U(x) U(x) U(x)
(A) x (B) x (C) x (D) x
3. Statement–I : A block of mass m starts moving on a rough horizontal surface with a velocity v. It stops
due to friction between the block and the surface after moving through a certain distance. The surface is
now tilted to an angle of 30° with the horizontal and the same block is made to go up on the surface with
the same initial velocity v. The decrease in the mechanical energy in the second situation is smaller than
that in the first situation.
and
Statement–II : The coefficient of friction between the block and the surface decreases with the increase
in the angle of inclination. [IIT-JEE 2007]
(A) statement–I is true, statement–II is true; statement–II is a correct explanation for statement–I
(B) statement–I is true, statement–II is true, statement–II is NOT a correct explanation for statement–I
(C) statement–I is true, statement–II is false
(D) statement–I is false, statement–II is true
4. A light inextensible string that goes over a smooth fixed pulley as shown in the figure connects two
blocks of masses 0.36 kg and 0.72 kg. Taking g = 10 m/s2, find the work done (in joules) by the string
on the block of mass 0.36 kg during the first second after the system is released from rest.
[IIT-JEE 2009]
F(t)
5. A block of mass 2 kg is free to move along the x–axis. It is at rest 4N
and from t=0 onwards it is subjected to a time–dependent force
F(t) in the x–direction. The force F(t) varies with t as shown in the
figure.The kinetic energy of the block after 4.5 second is 4.5s
[IIT-JEE-2010] O t
3s
(A) 4.50 J (B) 7.50 J (C) 5.06 J (D) 14.06 J
6. A block of mass 0.18 kg is attached to a spring of force-constant 2 N/m. The coefficient of friction
between the block and the floor is 0.1. Initially the block is at rest and the spring is un-stretched. An
impulse is given to the block as shown in the figure. The block slides a distance of 0.06 m and comes to
rest for the first time. The initial velocity of the block in m/s is V= N/10. Then N is
[IIT-JEE-2011]
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
 
 x î  y ˆj
7. The work done on a particle of mass m by a force, K  2 2 3/ 2 2 3/ 2  (K being a
  x  y   x 2
 y  
constant of appropriate dimensions), when the particle is taken from the point (a, 0) to the point (0, a)
along a circular path of radius a about the origin in the x-y plane is : [IIT JEE-2013]
2K K K
(A) (B) (C) (D) 0
a a 2a
8. A particle of mass 0.2 kg is moving in one dimension under a force that delivers a constant power 0.5 W
to the particle. If the initial speed (in ms–1) of the particle is zero, the speed (in ms–1) after 5s is :
[IIT JEE-2013]
Paragraph for Questions 9 and 10
A small block of mass 1 kg is released from rest at the top of a rough track. The track is a circular arc of
radius 40 m. The block slides along the track without toppling and a frictional force acts on it in the
direction opposite to the instantaneous velocity. The work done in overcoming the friction up to the point
Q, as shown in the figure below, is 150 J. (Take the acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m s–2)
y [IIT JEE-2013]
R
P
30°
Q R
O x
9. The magnitude of the normal reaction that acts on the block at the point Q is
(A) 7.5 N (B) 8.6 N (C) 11.5 N (D) 22.5 N
10. The speed of the block when it reaches the point Q is
(A) 5 ms–1 (B) 10 ms–1 (C) 10 3 ms–1 (D) 20 ms–1
11. Consider an elliptically shaped rail PQ in the vertical plane with OP = 3m and OQ= 4m. A block of mass
1kg is pulled along the rail from P to Q with a force of 18 N, Which is always parallel to line PQ (see the
figure given). Assuming no frictional losses, the kinetic energy of the block when it reaches Q is (n × 10)
joules. The value of n is (take acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms–2) [IIT JEE Adv.-2014]
12. A wire, which passes through the hole in a small bead, is bent in the form of quarter of a circle. The
wire is fixed vertically on ground as shown in the figure. The bead is released from near the top of the
wire and it slides along the wire without friction. As the bead moves from A to B, the force it applies
on the wire is :- [JEE Advanced-2014]
A
(A) Always radially outwards

(B) Always radially inwards
(C) Radially outwards initially and radially inwards later.
(D) Radially inwards initially and radially outwards later.
13. A particle of mass m is initially at rest at the origin. It is subjected to a force and starts moving along the
x-axis. Its kinetic energy K changes with time as dK/dt = t, where  is a positive constant of appropriate
dimensions. Which of the following statements is (are) true ? [JEE Advanced - 2018]
(A) The force applied on the particle is constant
(B) The speed of the particle is proportional to time
(C) The distance of the particle from the origin increases linearly with time
(D) The force is conservative
14. A particle is moved along a path AB-BC-CD-DE-EF-FA, as shown in figure, in presence of a force

F  (yiˆ  2xj)
ˆ N , where x and y are in meter and  = –1 Nm–1 . The work done on the particle by

this force F will be _____ Joule. [JEE Advanced-2019]
15. A block of mass 2M is attached to a massless spring with spring-constant k. This block is connected to
two other blocks of masses M and 2M using two massless pulleys and strings. The accelerations of the
blocks are a1, a2 and a3 as shown in the figure. The system is released from rest with the spring in its
unstretched state. The maximum extension of the spring is X0. Which of the following option(s) is are
correct? [g is the acceleration due to gravity. Neglect friction] [JEE Advanced-2019]
4Mg
(A) x0 =
k
x0
(B) When spring achieves an extension of for the first time, the speed of the block connected to
2
m
the spring is 3g
5k
x0
(C) At an extension of of the spring, the magnitude of acceleration of the block connected to the
4
3g
spring is
10
(D) a2 – a1 = a1 – a3
16. A student skates up a ramp that makes an angle 30° with the horizontal. He/she starts (as shown in the
figure) at the bottom of the ramp with speed v0 and wants to turn around over a semicircular path xyz of
radius R during which he/she reaches a maximum height h (at point y) from the ground as shown in the
figure. Assume that the energy loss is negligible and the force required for this turn at the highest point is
provided by his/her weight only. Then (g is the acceleration due to gravity) [JEE Advanced-2020]
1 3
(A) v 20  2gh 
gR (B) v 20  2gh  gR
2 2
(C) the centripetal force required at points x and z is zero
(D) the centripetal force required is maximum at points x and z
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE (S-1)
1. (a) +ve (b) –ve (c) –ve (d) +ve (e) –ve 2. (a) 882 J; (b) –247 J; (c) 635 J ; (d) 635 J;
3. 12 J 4. 1
5. 8 6. 67.7 J
7. FR 2 8. zero
9. (a) 7.5 J (b) 15 J (c) 7.5 J (d) 30 J 10. 216 J
11. 64 J 12. 0
13. 400 J
14. (i) 2 + 24t2 + 72t4 J, (ii) 48 t N, (iii) 48t + 288t3 W, (iv) 1248 J
15. (a) –30 kW, 19.5 kW 16. 4
17. 46 J 18. g
19. 0.082 J in each half : –0.163 J 20. 0.125
40
21. u = v sec , v = m/s 22. m1 = m/2
41
23. 4 24. 2
2m12 g 2
25. 26. 4
k
27. –3k 28. (i) x= 2, (ii) 16 J
29. 4 30. 018
b a a b
31. Graph - 1 : For all x, Graph-2 : x < a & x > b, Graph-3 : kx  x & x
2 2 2 2
32. 2gL , gL 33. 4

EXERCISE (S-2)
1. 80 kW 2. (i) mgR/2, (ii) 2 gR 3. 2.5 cm
mgx 5 b 2b b b
4. (i)f   ; (ii) g; (iii) 5. (i)F = – 3ax2 + b, (ii) x = , (iii) KEmax = ,x 
 2 a 3 3 a 3a
6. 3/4 7. 4a/3 9. up, 10 cm 10. (i) 6 × 103 W (ii) 1.1 × 104 W
11. 30
EXERCISE (O-1)
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A
6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A
11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C
16. B 17. C 18. D 19. D 20. A
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D
26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. D
31. AD 32. AC 33. BCD
34. (A)Q; (B)P; (C)Q; (D)S 35. (A)QST; (B)QST; (C)P; (D)RT
EXERCISE (O-2)
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. ABCD
6. ABCD 7. ABD 8. ACD 9. AC 10. C
11. D 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
16. D 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. C
23. B 24. A 25. (A) Q,S; (B) P,S; (C) R,S; (D) P,S;
EXERCISE (JM)
1. (1) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (2) 5. (2)

6. (1) 7. (2) 8. (1) 9. (3) 10. (3)
11. (3) 12. (2) 13. (1) 14. (1) 15. (4)
16. (1) 17. (3) 18. (4) 19. (4) 20. (3)
21. (3) 22. (3) 23. (4) 24. (1) 25. (3)
26. (2) 27. (2) 28. (10) 29. (2) 30. (3)
31. (15) 32. (3) 33. (150) 34. (3) 35. (4)
36. (1) 37. (18) 38. (1)
EXERCISE (JA)
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. 8 5. C
6. 4 7. D 8. 5 9. A 10. B
11. 5 12. D 13. ABD 14. 0.75 15. D
16. AD

Wpe Finalunacademy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wpe Finalunacademy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WORK, POWER & ENERGY

WORK DONE BY A CONSTANT FORCE

WORK DONE BY A VARIABLE FORCE

NATURE OF WORK DONE

SI Unit : joule (J).

WORK ENERGY THEOREM

Sol. Wc + Wnc + Wext = K

dm P ' v '2 (dm/ dt) ' n 2 v 2 n dm / dt

Conservative Forces Non-conservative Forces

1/2 45° G'

Potential energy (U)

When a particle is slightly displaced from equilibrium x

CONDITION OF LOOPING THE LOOP  u = 5gR 

CONDITION OF LEAVING THE CIRCLE ( <u< )

2Rg < u < 5Rg or 90° <  < 180°

CONDITION OF OSCILLATION (0 < u  )

simultaneously. Further, from Eq. (iv), we can see that h  R if u  2gR .

This situation is shown in the figure. 0 < u  2gR or 0° <   90°

Ex. A particle of mass m is attached to the ceiling of a cabin with an 

 T = (mg + ma) + 2m(g + a) (1 – cos ) = mg (g + a) (3 – 2 cos )

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 8 - 4,6,8,10)

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 8 - 15,17,19,21,23,26,31,35,37,40,43)

HCV Worked out Examples(Chapter No. 8 - 8,9,10,11,12)

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 8 - 29,36,45,46,47,48,50,51)

HCV Worked out Examples(Chapter No. 8 - 13,14)

HCV Exercises (Chapter No. 8 - 49,52,53,54,55,56,58,60,61,62,64xx)

4. A uniform rod of mass m length L is sliding along its length on a horizontal L

(i) Find the expression for F(x) x

(A) 1.17 m (B) 1.71 m (C) 7.11 m (D) 11.7 m

mg 2 tan 2  m 2 g tan 2  m 2 g 2 tan 2  m 2 g 2 tan 2 

(A) 3mg (B) 3mg (C) 3mg (D) 3mg

(A) g 10 (B) g (C) g 2 (D) 3g

(A) u 2  2gL (B) 2gL (C) u 2  2gL (D) 2  u 2  gL 

MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS

MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) The man does positive work on the compartment

7. Which of the following is/are conservative force(s)?

8. If one of the forces acting on a particle is conservative then :

10. The observer B finds that the work done by gravity is

Paragraph for Question 15 & 19

17. Maximum power transmitted by the camel to load is :

22. What is the spring constant?

MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS

aL2 bL3 1  aL2 bL3  1

(1) 6.5 J (2) 4 J (3) 2.5 J (4) 5 J

32. [JEE Main-2020]

(A) x (B) x (C) x (D) x

(A) 4.50 J (B) 7.50 J (C) 5.06 J (D) 14.06 J

10. The speed of the block when it reaches the point Q is

(A) 5 ms–1 (B) 10 ms–1 (C) 10 3 ms–1 (D) 20 ms–1

(A) Always radially outwards

32. 2gL , gL 33. 4

1. 80 kW 2. (i) mgR/2, (ii) 2 gR 3. 2.5 cm

1. (1) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (2) 5. (2)

You might also like