Test Bank For Anatomy and Physiology From Science To Life 3rd Edition

Test Bank For Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life 3rd Edition
Test Bank For Anatomy and Physiology: From

Science to Life 3rd Edition
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Package Title: Test Bank
Course Title: Jenkins 3e
Chapter Number: 9
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) Which type of joint is held together by dense connective tissue?
a) fibrous joint
b) cartilaginous joint
c) synovial joint
d) both fibrous and cartilaginous joints
e) all of these choices
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 9.1 Define and then differentiate between the structural and functional
classifications of joints.
Section Reference 1: 9.1 Joints are classified structurally and functionally.
2) Which of the following factors is FALSE regarding the stability of the “hip” joint?
a) The articular capsule is very dense and strong tissue that extends from the rim of the
acetabulum to the neck of the femur.
b) The acetabular labrum is a rim of fibrocartilage that increases the depth of the socket, thus
making dislocation rare.
c) Several strong reinforcing ligaments include the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments,
which are made of dense regular connective tissue and provide support to the joint.
d) The hip joint is formed by the extremely stable articulation of the femur to the coxal bone via
a cartilaginous joint consisting of hyaline cartilage.
e) Several large muscles cross the joint and contribute to its stability.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 9.7 Demonstrate that the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints
exemplify different synovial joint classifications and movements.
Section Reference 1: The Hip Joint.
Question type: True/False

3) Synovial membranes are found lining the cavities of synovial joints, and are made of areolar
connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 9.4 Identify the structural characteristics that distinguish synovial
joints from fibrous and cartilaginous joints.
Section Reference 1: 9.4 Articulating surfaces of bones at a synovial joint are covered with
articular cartilage and enclosed within a synovial cavity.
4) Which of the following synovial structural sub-classifications best describes the joint found
between your carpal bone and the metacarpal of your thumb?
a) condyloid
b) plane
c) hinge
d) saddle
e) symphysis
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 9.6 Define joint actions and then be able to model them with your own
body, using proper terminology for each movement.
Section Reference 1: Saddle Joints.
5) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the medial meniscus of the knee joint?
A) It is made of elastic cartilage.

B) It has a ligamentous attachment to the fibula.
C) It helps maintain stability of the knee joint.
D) It is easily healed if injured.
E) It is firmly attached to the femoral condyles.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: The Knee Joint.
6) Which of the following terms best describes the structural classification of the joint found
between the first rib and the sternum?
a) synovial
b) symphysis
c) synchondrosis
d) synarthrotic
e) gomphosis
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 9.3 Describe how the structural characteristics of various cartilaginous
joints affect movement.
Section Reference 1: Synchondroses.
7) Which of the following terms best describes the functional classification of the joint found
between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone?
a) synchondrosis
b) symphysis
c) synarthrotic
d) synovial
e) synostosis
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
8) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the synovial membrane?
a) It produces synovial fluid, which acts to reduce friction, absorb shock, and supply oxygen and
nutrients to the chondrocytes within the articular cartilage.
b) It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, with abundant collagen fibers.
c) It is the deepest layer of the articular capsule.
d) It is a component of all synovial joints.
e) It has no epithelial component.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Articular Capsule.
9) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding synovial joints?
a) All synovial joints are diarthrotic joints.

b) Synovial joints are characterized by a joint cavity.
c) The fibrous layer of the articular capsule associated with synovial joints is made of areolar
connective tissue.
d) Synovial fluid is rich in hyaluronic acid and serves to reduce friction by lubricating the joint.
e) An example of a synovial joint is the proInterosseous membranesal radioulnar joint.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
10) An immovable joint found between skull bones is called a
a) condyle.
b) cartilaginous joint.
c) suture.
d) synovial joint.
e) synchondrosis.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 9.2 Describe how the connective tissue associations restrict movement
of fibrous joints.
Section Reference 1: Sutures.
11) Which type of joint lacks a cavity?
a) fibrous
b) cartilaginous
c) synovial
d) both fibrous and cartilaginous joints
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
12) Which type of joint is freely movable?
a) synarthrosis
b) amphiarthrosis
c) diarthrosis
d) both amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
13) How is a suture classified functionally in an adult?
a) synarthrotic
b) amphiarthrotic
c) diarthrotic
d) synovial
e) cartilaginous
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Section 9.1 Joints are classified structurally and functionally.
14) In which type of fibrous joint is the connective tissue arranged either as a bundle or as a
sheet?
a) suture
b) gomphosis
c) syndesmosis
d) both suture and gomphosis
e) both gomphosis and syndesmosis
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
of fibrous joints.
Section Reference 1: Syndesmoses.
15) Which of these joints is also called a dentoalveolar joint?
a) syndesmosis
b) gomphosis
c) synchondrosis
d) symphysis
e) suture
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
of fibrous joints.
Section Reference 1: Syndesmoses.
16) The epiphyseal plate is an example of which type of joint?
a) gomphosis
b) suture
c) symphysis
d) synovial
e) synchondrosis
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
17) The joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum is classified as a ___.
a) synchondrosis
b) synarthrosis
c) cartilaginous joint
d) all of these choices
e) none of these choices
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: 9.3 Cartilaginous joints lack a synovial cavity and are held together by
cartilage.
18) Where do symphyses occur?
a) upper limbs
b) lower limbs
c) midline of the body
d) ankles
e) knees
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
19) Which of the following is FALSE regarding synovial joints?
a) are characterized by a joint cavity

b) are freely moveable
c) have bones covered in hyaline cartilage at their articulating ends
d) include elastic cartilage
e) have reinforcing ligaments
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
20) Which of the following is made from dense regular connective tissue?
a) ligaments
b) articular cartilage
c) articular fat pads
d) synovial membrane
e) synovial fluid
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
21) Which of these would include the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint?
a) synovial membranes
b) articular fat pads
c) menisci
d) accessory ligaments
e) tendon sheath
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Section Reference 1: Accessory Ligaments and Articular Menisci.
22) What is another term for menisci?
a) articular fat pads

b) articular discs
c) articular spaces
d) capsular fat pads
e) capsular discs
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
23) Articular discs ___.
a) maintain the stability of a joint

b) may be found in a synovial joint
c) are made of hyaline cartilage
d) are only found in the vertebral column
e) both maintain the stability of a joint and may be found in a synovial joint
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
24) Which of these reduces friction in joints?
a) bursae
b) synovial fluid
c) accessory ligaments
d) elastic fibers
e) both bursae and synovial fluid
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
25) Which of the following is NOT used to reduce friction at joints?
a) tendon sheaths
b) synovial fluid
c) bursae
d) menisci
e) all of these choices reduce friction
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
26) Which type of motion results from relatively flat bone surfaces moving back and forth and
from side to side with respect to one another?
a) flexion
b) extension
c) gliding
d) circumduction
e) hyperextension
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 9.5 Identify and characterize the structure and movements of the six
types of synovial joints.
Section Reference 1: Gliding.
27) Which type of movement is described when there is a decrease in the angle between
articulating bones?
a) flexion
b) extension
c) gliding
d) circumduction
e) rotation
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: Angular Movements.
28) Bending the trunk forward at the intervertebral discs is an example of what type of angular
movement?
a) flexion
b) extension
c) lateral flexion
d) hyperextension
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
29) Flexion and extension usually occur along which plane?
a) frontal
b) transverse
c) sagittal
d) oblique
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
30) Which type of movement would include moving the humerus away from the midline of the
body?
a) lateral flexion
b) hyperextension
c) adduction
d) abduction
e) gliding
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
31) This type of movement is a continuous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and
adduction.
a) gliding
b) lateral flexion
c) hyperextension
d) circumduction
e) elevation
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
32) Which of the following is not considered a special movement?
a) depression
b) protraction
c) elevation
d) supination
e) flexion
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: Special Movements.
33) Which of the following bones can NOT be elevated or depressed?
a) hyoid
b) clavicle
c) ribs
d) maxilla
e) mandible
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
34) Which special movement occurs when you roll back on your heels?
a) inversion
b) eversion
c) dorsiflexion
d) plantar flexion
e) supination
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
35) Which special movement includes the ability of your thumb to move across the palm to
touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand?
a) pronation
b) supination
c) eversion
d) retraction
e) opposition
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
36) Which of the following is not a structural category of synovial joints?
a) planar
b) hinge
c) condyloid
d) inversion
e) saddle
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: 9.6 Synovial joints are described as plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle,
or ball-and-socket.
37) In this type of joint, the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring
formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament.
a) pivot joint
b) planar joint
c) hinge joint
d) ball-and-socket joint
e) saddle joint
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Pivot Joints.
38) Which structural subclass best describes the tarsometatarsal joints?
a) planar
b) pivot
c) ball and socket
d) condyloid
e) saddle
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Plane Joints.
39) Which structural subclass best describes the atlanto-axial joint between the dens of the axis
and the anterior arch of the atlas?
a) planar
b) pivot
c) ball and socket
d) condyloid
e) symphysis
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
40) In anatomical position, the antebrachium is ___.
a) pronated
b) laterally flexed
c) supinated
d) medially rotated
e) opposed
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
41) Which of these refers to the range through which the bones of a joint can be moved?
a) axial
b) biaxial
c) multiaxial
d) range of motion
e) disuse
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
or ball-and-socket.
42) Which of the following structures is associated with the glenohumeral joint?
a) subacromial bursa
b) radial collateral ligament
c) medial meniscus
d) iliofemoral ligament
e) acetabular labrum
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: The Shoulder Joint.
43) Which of the following structures is associated with the coxal joint?
c) medial meniscus
e) glenoid labrum
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
44) What is this structure?

a) pubofemoral ligament
b) coracohumeral ligament
c) iliofemoral ligament
d) oblique popliteal ligament
e) ischiofemoral ligament
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
45) Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the glenohumeral joint?
c) oblique popliteal ligament
d) articular capsule
e) glenoid labrum
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium

Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
48) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding this structure?

A) It is called the acetabular labrum.
B) It is composed primarily of fibrocartilage.
C) It contributes to the stability of the hip joint.
D) It is enclosed within the articular capsule.
E) It is a bony lip that extends around the head of the femur.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
49) Identify this structure.

a) subdeltoid bursa
b) subcoracoid bursa
c) subscapular bursa
d) subacromial bursa
e) suprapatellar bursa
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
50) Identify this structure.

a) acetabulum
b) glenoid cavity
c) acromion
d) coracoid process
e) femoral head
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
51) Which one of these muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff muscle group?
a) supraspinatus
b) infraspinatus
c) subscapularis
d) teres minor
e) teres major
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
52) Which of the following structures is NOT associated with the coxal joint?
a) iliofemoral ligament
b) glenoid labrum
c) pubofemoral ligament
d) ligament of the head of the femur
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
53) Which of the following structures is associated with the elbow?
c) medial meniscus
e) acetabular labrum
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: The Elbow Joint.
54) Bending the foot at the ankle joint such as when you stand on your toes is called ___.
a) plantar flexion
b) pronation
c) inversion
d) dorsiflexion
e) opposition
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
a) annular ligament of the radius

c) radial collateral ligament
e) ulnar collateral ligament
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: The Elbow Joint.
56) The anterior cruciate ligament has an attachment to the ___.

a) posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
b) lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
c) tibial tuberosity
d) head of the fibula
e) medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
Answer: e
Difficulty: Hard
57) The posterior cruciate ligament has an attachment to the ___.
a) posterior intercondylar area of the tibia

b) medial surface of the medial condyle of the femur
c) tibial tuberosity
d) head of the fibula
e) lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
58) What type of tissue makes up the fibrous portion of a synovial joint's articular capsule?
a) hyaline cartilage
b) dense irregular connective tissue
c) dense regular connective tissue
d) areolar connective tissue
e) simple squamous epithelium
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
59) In the diagram of a suture joint, where is the spongy bone?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) Both A and C
e) Both A and B
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
of fibrous joints.
60) In the diagram, which type of joint is represented?

a) suture
b) syndesmosis
c) symphysis
d) cartilaginous
e) synovial
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: Symphyses.
61) In the figure, which represents a saddle joint?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: Saddle Joints.
62) In the diagram, which one represents a pivot joint?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
63) In the figure, which represents a biaxial joint?
a) B
b) C
c) D
d) E
e) Both D and E
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
or ball-and-socket.
64) In the figure shown, which one represents a condyloid joint?
a) B
b) C
c) D
d) E
e) F
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Condyloid Joints.
65) In the figure, which one permits only side to side, and back and forth gliding movements?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) Both a and b
e) Both b and c
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Plane Joints.
66) Which type of joint permits this type of movement?
a) synovial
b) cartilaginous
c) fibrous
d) both synovial and cartilaginous
e) both cartilaginous and fibrous
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Gliding.
67) Which of the following shows a movement only seen in the intervertebral joints?
a) B
b) F
c) G
d) D
e) A
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
subtypes of synovial joints.
Question type: Essay
68) Briefly describe the structural classifications of joints.

Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Solution: Joints can be classified structural based on two criteria: 1) the presence or absence of a
space between the articulating bones called a synovial cavity and 2) the type of connective tissue
that binds the bones together. The structural types of joints include fibrous, cartilaginous and
synovial.
69) Describe the functions of synovial fluid.
Answer:
Difficulty: Easy
Solution: Synovial fluid reduces friction and absorbs shock. It also carries nutrients to and wastes
away from the articular cartilage’s cell population.
70) Briefly describe what is happening when a person “cracks their knuckles.”
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Synovial Fluid.
Solution: When the synovial cavity expands, the pressure of the synovial fluid decreases,
creating a partial vacuum. The suction draws carbon dioxide and oxygen out of the blood vessels
in the synovial membrane, forming bubbles in the fluid. When the bubbles are forced to burst, as
when the fingers are hyperflexed, the cracking or popping sound is heard.
71) Briefly describe the three types of functional classifications of joints.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Solution: Joints can be classified functionally as synarthrosis, which is totally immovable,
amphiarthrosis that has slight movement, and diarthrosis, which is a freely moveable joint.
72) When a suture becomes completely synarthotic, it becomes a
a) syndesmosis.
b) gomphosis.
c) synchondrosis.
d) symphysis.
e) synostosis.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
of fibrous joints.
73) Which of these statements about tendon sheaths is FALSE? Tendon sheaths ___.
a) reduce friction at joints

b) are found where there is a great deal of movement, such as fingers
c) are tubelike bursae wrapped around some tendons
d) drain synovial fluid into the lymph system
e) are found where tendons pass through synovial cavities
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Bursae and Tendon Sheaths.
74) Which of these statements about synovial fluid is FALSE? Synovial fluid ___.
a) consists of hyaluronic acid and collagen fibers filtered from blood plasma
b) is clear and viscous, often compared to uncooked egg whites
c) supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells in the articular cartilage
d) contains phagocytic cells that remove debris resulting from joint wear and tear
e) becomes more gel-like when a joint is immobile
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Synovial Fluid.
75) Angular movement of a synovial joint is a category that includes ___.
a) gliding
b) elevation and depression
c) inversion and eversion
d) flexion and extension
e) rotation
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
76) Another name for inversion of the foot is ___.
a) dorsiflexion
b) supination
c) plantar flexion
d) pronation
e) pointing your toes
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
77) When a limb is rotated such that the anterior surface of the bone is turned toward the midline,
this is called ___.
a) circumduction
Test Bank For Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life 3rd Edition
b) circumspection
c) lateral rotation
d) sagittal rotation
e) medial rotation
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: Rotation.
78) The rotator cuff muscles and their tendons encircle the ___ joint and provide much of the
stability of the joint.
a) hip
b) knee
c) shoulder
d) wrist
e) elbow
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
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Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Which type of joint is held together by dense connective tissue?

Question type: True/False

Question type: Multiple Choice

A) It is made of elastic cartilage.

8) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the synovial membrane?

9) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding synovial joints?

a) All synovial joints are diarthrotic joints.

10) An immovable joint found between skull bones is called a

11) Which type of joint lacks a cavity?

12) Which type of joint is freely movable?

13) How is a suture classified functionally in an adult?

15) Which of these joints is also called a dentoalveolar joint?

16) The epiphyseal plate is an example of which type of joint?

18) Where do symphyses occur?

19) Which of the following is FALSE regarding synovial joints?

a) are characterized by a joint cavity

22) What is another term for menisci?

a) articular fat pads

23) Articular discs ___.

a) maintain the stability of a joint

24) Which of these reduces friction in joints?

25) Which of the following is NOT used to reduce friction at joints?

29) Flexion and extension usually occur along which plane?

32) Which of the following is not considered a special movement?

33) Which of the following bones can NOT be elevated or depressed?

36) Which of the following is not a structural category of synovial joints?

38) Which structural subclass best describes the tarsometatarsal joints?

40) In anatomical position, the antebrachium is ___.

44) What is this structure?

46) What is this structure?

47) What is this structure?

48) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding this structure?

49) Identify this structure.

50) Identify this structure.

53) Which of the following structures is associated with the elbow?

55) What is this structure?

a) annular ligament of the radius

56) The anterior cruciate ligament has an attachment to the ___.

57) The posterior cruciate ligament has an attachment to the ___.

a) posterior intercondylar area of the tibia

60) In the diagram, which type of joint is represented?

61) In the figure, which represents a saddle joint?

62) In the diagram, which one represents a pivot joint?

63) In the figure, which represents a biaxial joint?

64) In the figure shown, which one represents a condyloid joint?

Question type: Essay

68) Briefly describe the structural classifications of joints.

69) Describe the functions of synovial fluid.

71) Briefly describe the three types of functional classifications of joints.

Question type: Multiple Choice

72) When a suture becomes completely synarthotic, it becomes a

a) reduce friction at joints

75) Angular movement of a synovial joint is a category that includes ___.

76) Another name for inversion of the foot is ___.

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