Oral communication Keyword  Memorized Speech

4. Delivery in different situations

Concepts  Speaking to a specific audience
1. Speech writing process – recursive size
I. Audience Analysis  Speaking in an open-air venue or
 Demography outside a building
 Situations  Speaking in different venues
 Psychology  Speaking with a microphone
II. Purpose  Speaking with a podium/lectern
 To inform 5. Tools for effective delivery:
 To entertain  Approach
 To persuade  Connection
III. Topic  Presents
IV. Narrowing down the topic  Volume of the voice
V. Data gathering 6. Types of Speech:
VI. Writing patterns  Manuscript Speech
 Biographical  Memorized Speech
 Categorical/Topical  Impromptu Speech
 Causal  Extemporaneous Speech
 Chronological  Entertainment Speech
 Comparison/Contrast  Informative Speech
 Problem Solution  Persuasive Speech
7. Organizing and Delivering a Manuscript
 Spatial
Speech
VII. Outline
8. Manuscript speech benefits a:
VIII. Body of the speech
 Public Figures
IX. Introduction
 Media Personalities
X. Conclusion
 Spokespersons for Government and
XI. Editing/Revising
Private Organizations
According to Andrew Dlugan, 2013
9. Strategies; Manuscript Speech
a) Edit for Focus
o Practice!
b) Edit for Clarity
c) Edit for Concision o Adapt!
d) Edit for Continuity 10. Tips; Manuscript Speech
e) Edit for Variety 1) Prepare!
f) Edit for Impact and Beauty 2) Mark!
XII. Rehearsing 3) Practice!
1. Stephen Lucas (2011) – Author of 4) Practice some more!
“The Art of Public Speaking” 5) Concentrate!
 Clear 6) Act it out!
 Coherent 11. Memorized Speech – commit speech to
memory.
 Interesting way
12. Tips; Memorized Speech
2. Types of Speech According to Purpose:
o Break it down!
 Informative Speech
o Build it up!
 Entertainment Speech
o Speak out!
 Persuasive Speech
3. Types of Speech According to Delivery: o Identify keys!
 Extemporaneous Speech o Have a break!
 Impromptu Speech o Record and listen!
 Manuscript Speech o Use notecards!
13. Impromptu Speech – no time
preparation
14. Strategies of impromptu speech:
 Past, Present, Future
 Point-Reason-Examples/
Explanation-Point
 Opening, Rule of Three, Clincher
15. Uninterested/Impromptu Strategies
(Toastmaster Craig Harrison, 2010)
a. Bridging – building connection.
b. Reframing – redefining
c. Playing Devil’s Advocate – standing
in opposite side.
16. Extemporaneous Speech –
planned/prepared speech.
17. Three Steps in determining
extemporaneous speech:
1. Identify the questions.
 Is it a question for fact? –
true or false/ yes or no.
 Is it a question for value? –
bad or good.
 Is it a question for policy? –
it focuses on policy/rule.
18. Steps in extemporaneous speech:
1) Reinforce!
2) Captures!
3) Develop!
4) Introduce!
5) Check!
6) Supply!
7) Conclude!
19. Entertainment Speech – aims to share
goodwill, joy, and pleasure to the
audience.
20. To make entertainment speech:
 Tell jokes.
 Funny stories
 Dramatizing experience
 Tell scary stories.
21. Steps in entertainment speech:
1) Choose!
2) Enjoy!
3) Simplify!
4) Visualize!
5) Surprise!
22. Types of Informative Speech –
 Object/people
 Processes
 Events
 Concepts
23. Organization Pattern –
a. Chronological Pattern
b. Spatial Pattern
c. Topical/Categorical Pattern
d. Cause-Effect Pattern
e. Comparison and contrast
24. Persuasive Speech – arguably
interesting topic.
25. Qualities of effective persuasive speech
 Well-defined
 Clear main point
 Sufficient supporting ideas
 Logical reasoning
 Effective and powerful ways to gain the
attention of your audience.
 Compelling ideas to make your target
audience feel and think.
 Salient motives to target the salient
needs of your audience.
26. Types of claims in persuasive speech:
1) Speech that Questions Facts
2) Speech that Questions Value
3) Speech that Questions Policy
27. Organization pattern in persuasive
speech:
a. A – anecdotes
F – facts and figures
O – opinions
R – rhetorical questions
E – emotive language
S – superlatives
T – triplings
b. Problem-Solution
c. Problem-Cause-Solution
d. Comparative Advantages
e. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
 Attention
 Need Step
 Satisfaction Step
 Visualization
 Call for Action Step
28. Methods for persuasion – Stephen Lucas
(2011)
 Credibility
a. Explain how you became an
expert of the topic
 b. Connect your experiences,
beliefs, values, or attitudes with
your audience’s
c. Practice more often so you can
deliver your speech with
conviction
 Evidence
a. Specify evidence
b. Avoid outdated evidence
c. Choose reputable or credible
sources for your evidence
 Reasoning – avoid logical
fallacies or errors in reasoning
Types of Fallacies
1. Ad Hominem – personal
attack
2. Circular Argument –
repeated arguments
3. False Analogy – connect to
things falsely
4. False Authority – use
someone words without
expertise
5. False Cause and Effect –
things are not clear
6. Hasty Generalization –
insufficient evidence
7. Red Herring – question is not
answered
 Use of Language/ Emotional
Appeal
a. Internalize what you are saying
b. Use emotion appropriately