Q1.

Expand the abbreviation GAP: 1 Mark

1. Governmental Agency for Pollution Control.
2. Gross Assimilation by Photosynthesis.
3. Ganga Action Plan.
4. Governmental Agency for Animal Protection.

Ans: 3. Ganga Action Plan.

Explanation: GAP, 1985 came in existence to check water pollution in river Ganga.

Q2. The main aim of conservation and preservation is to: 1 Mark

1. Preserve the wildlife.
2. Preserve the fuels.
3. Preserve the biodiversity.
4. Preserve the plants.

Ans: 3. Preserve the Biodiversity.

Explanation:
Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and
ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.

Q3. Pynes system of irrigation are common in. 1 Mark

1. Bihar.
2. Rajasthan.
3. Himachal pradesh.
4. Uttar Pradesh and madhay Pradesh.

Ans: 3. Bihar.
Explanation:
Ahar pynes are traditional floodwater harvesting systems indigenous to South Bihar, and have been the most important source
of irrigation in this region. Ahars are reservoirs with embankments on three sides and are built at the end of drainage lines such as
rivulets or artificial works like pynes.

Q4. Consider the following system of water harvesting 1 Mark

Which of the following systems is depicted by the given figure?

1. Kulh system.
2. Khadin system.
3. Tals.
4. Both (b) and (c).

Ans: 2. Khadin system.

Explanation:
A khadin is an ingenious construction designed to harvest surface runoff water for agriculture. Its main feature is a very long (100-
300m) earthen embankment built across the lower hill slopes lying below gravelly uplands. This conserves the maximum possible
rainwater runoff within the agricultural field. Sluices and spillways allow excess water to drain off.
Q5. Which of the following is not an ancient water harvesting structure? 1 Mark
1. Kattas.
2. Sargam.
3. Kulhs.
4. Surangam.

Ans: 2. Sargam.
Explantion:
Sargam is not an ancient harvesting structure.

Q6. Reforestation is useful for. 1 Mark

1. Increasing the fertility of soils.
2. Reducing floods.
3. Preventing soil erosion.
4. All of the above.

Ans: 4. All of the above.

Explanation:
In addition to benefiting the climate, reforestation helps protect important species of animals. Reforestation can also help humans to
address world hunger issues and deal with water usage and availability. Restoring forests has many benefits on the chemical, social
and biological levels of an entire ecosystem.

Q7. The Chipko Andolan is associated with: 1 Mark

1. Tigers.
2. Turtles.
3. Tree.
4. Tomatoes.

Ans: 3. Tree.
Explanation:
The Chipko Andolan is associated with the conservation of trees. It was initiated to protect the trees from being cut.

Q8. The best measures for water resource management is/ are. 1 Mark
1. Rainwater harvesting.
2. Construction of dams.
3. Both (a) and (b).
4. None of these.

Ans: 4. None of these.

Explanation:
Water resource management is a very important issue from several angles such as development of water bodies for future,
protection of available water bodies from pollution and over exploitation and to prevent disputes. A paramount issue is water-its
availability, quality and management. Extensive hydrological information is necessary to develop water resources and protect them.

Q9. Pick the right combination of terms which has no fossil fuel. 1 Mark
1. Wind, ocean and coal.
2. Kerosene, wind and tide.
3. Wind, wood, sun.
4. Petroleum, wood, sun.

Ans: 3. Wind, wood, sun.

Explanation: Wind and sun are natural resources although wood is a fossil fuel.

Q10. The three R’s that will help us to conserve natural resources for long term use are: 1 Mark
1. Recycle, regenerate, reuse.
2. Reduce, regenerate, reuse.
3. Reduce, reuse, redistribute.
4. Reduce, recycle, reuse.
Ans: 4. Reduce, recycle, reuse.
Explanation: Reduce, recycle and reuse can conserve the natural resources.

Q11. The poisonous gas which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood to a large extent is: 1 Mark
1. SO2.
2. NO.
3. CO.
4. CO2.

Ans: 3. CO
Explantion:
Carbon monoxide, i.e. CO, binds with red blood cells and reduces its oxygen carrying capacity.

Q12. The river water is said to be polluted with acidic wastes if the pH of river water is: 1 Mark
1. Zero.
2. Above 7.
3. Below 7.
4. Exactly 7.

Ans: 3. Below 7.
Explanation:
Acidic substances have less than 7 pH.

Q13. Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the concept of 1 Mark
biodiversity:
1. Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area.
2. Biodiversity refers to only the flora of a given area.
3. Biodiversity is greater in a forest.
4. Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area.

1. (i) and (ii).

2. (ii) and (iv).
3. (i) and (iii).
4. (ii) and (iii).

Ans: 3. (i) and (iii).

Explanation: Biodiversity included both flora and fauna and includes more than one species. Hence, options (ii) and (iv) are incorrect.

Q14. The major programme started to replenish the damaged forests is called: 1 Mark
1. Horticulture.
2. Tissue culture.
3. Agriculture.
4. Silviculture.

Ans: 4. silviculture.
Explantion:
Silviculture is the major programme that was started to replenish the damaged forests.

Q15. Which of the following is not a natural resource? 1 Mark

1. Mango tree.
2. Snake.
3. Wind.
4. Wooden house.

Ans: 4. Wooden house.

Explanation: Resources that occur naturally within environment are called as natural resources.

Q16. Which one of the following is responsible for the sustenance of underground water? 1 Mark
1. Loss of vegetation cover.
 2. Diversion for high water demanding crops.
3. Pollution from urban wastes.
4. Afforestation.

Ans: 4. Afforestation​.
Explanation:
Afforestation prevents the water from immediately rushing into the rivers. Due to this, water can seep in the ground and replenish
the groundwater.

Q17. Which of the following is not a natural resource? 1 Mark

1. Snake.
2. Wind.
3. Wooden house.
4. Mango tree.

Ans: 3. Wooden house.

Explantion:
Wooden houses are made by man. Hence, it is not a natural resource.

Q18. The Bishnoi community of Rajasthan is associated with the conservation of: 1 Mark
1. Coal and petroleum.
2. Forests and wildlife.
3. Water resources.
4. Abiotic environment.

Ans: 2. Forests and wildlife.

Explanation:
Amrita Devi Bishnoi, along with the Bishnoi community, worked for the protection of wildlife and forests.

Q19. From the list given below pick the item that is not a natural resource: 1 Mark
1. Soil.
2. Water.
3. Electricity.
4. Air.

Ans: 3. Electricity.
Explanation: Resources that occur naturally within environment are called as natural resources.

Q20. Narmada Bachao Andolan is against which of the following reasons? 1 Mark
1. Water flowing in canal.
2. Raising the height of dam.
3. Rese.
4. Cove.

Ans: 2. Raising the height of dam.

Explanation:
Narmada Bachao Andolan movement was a massive social movement organised by Medha Patkar. The main cause of
this movement was large scale damconstruction besides the Narmada River. This caused huge displacement of people in these areas
due to the slow progress of government's rehabilitation policy.

Q21. Which of the following is not a natural resource? 1 Mark

1. Soil.
2. Water.
3. Electricity.
4. Natural gas.

Ans: 3. Electricity
Explantion:
Electricity is a man-made resource.
Q22. One of the following does not contribute in producing acid rain. This one is: 1 Mark
1. Sulphur dioxide.
2. Carbon dioxide.
3. Nitrogen oxides.
4. Carbon monoxide.

Ans: 4. Carbon monoxide

Explanation:
All other gases, except carbon monoxide, react with water to produce acid. Thus, they contribute to acid rain.

Q23. Arabari forest of Bengal is dominated by: 1 Mark

1. Teak.
2. Sal.
3. Bamboo.
4. Mangroove.

Ans: 2. Sal.
Explantion:
Sal trees dominate Arabari forest of Bengal.

Q24. Which of the following statements about the construction of a dam are incorrect? 1 Mark
1. It provides an eco-Friendly environment.
2. It is used to generate electricity.
3. It displaces the largely poor tribals that do not get any benefit.
4. It prevents the occurrence of floods in the river.

Ans: 3. It displaces the largely poor tribals that do not get any benefit.

Q25. The pH of a sample of water collected from a river is found to be in the range of 3.5 to 4.5. The most likely reason 1 Mark
for this is the waste being discharged into the river from a:
1. Soap and detergent manufacturing factory.
2. Car battery manufacturing factory.
3. Alcohol manufacturing factor.
4. Plastic cups moulding factory.

Ans: 2. Car battery manufacturing factory.

Explantion:
Such factories produce acidic wastes that make the river water acidic.

Q26. A successful forest conservation strategy should involve: 1 Mark

1. Protection of animals at the highest trophic level.
2. Protection of only consumers.
3. Protection of only herbivores.
4. Comprehensive programme to protect all the physical and biological components.

Ans: 4. Comprehensive programme to protect all the physical and biological components.
Explanation: Forest conservation strategy should be in accordance to total biotic and abiotic factors.

Q27. Amrita devi Bishnoi was associated with: 1 Mark

1. Preventing the custom of child marriage in Rajasthan.
2. Campaign to save the girl child.
3. Conservation of cultural heritage of Rajasthan.
4. Conservation of forests and wil life.

Ans: 4. Conservation of forests and wildlife.

Explanation:
Amrita devi Bishnoi was associated with the conservation of forests and wildlife.

Q28. Ground water will not be depleted due to: 1 Mark

 1. Afforestation.
2. Thermal power plants.
3. Loss of forest, and decreased rainfall.
4. Cropping of high water demanding crops.

Ans: 1. Afforestation.
Explanation: Plants make the soil pervious to seepage of water. Thus, afforestation will help in recharge of groundwater.

Q29. Opposition to the constrution of large dams is due to: 1 Mark

1. Social reasons.
2. Economic reasons.
3. Enviromental reasons.
4. All the above.

Ans: 4. All the above.

Explanation: Dam construction adversely affects local flora and fauna by raising social, economic and environmental problems.

Q30. Which of the following statement is incorrect? 1 Mark

1. Economic development is linked to environmental conservation.
2. Sustainable development meets the current basic human needs and also preserves resources for future
generations.
3. Sustainable development does not take into consideration the viewpoints of all stakeholders.
4. Sustainable development is a long planned and persistent development.

Ans: 3. Stainable development does not take into consideration the viewpoints of all stakeholders.

Q31. Select the incorrect statement: 1 Mark

1. Economic development is linked to environmental conservation.
2. Sustainable development encourages development for current generation and conservation of resources for
future generations.
3. Sustainable development does not consider the view points of stakeholders.
4. Sustainable development is a long planned and persistent development.

Ans: 3. Sustainable development does not consider the view points of stakeholders.
Explanation: Involvement of all stakeholders is necessary for success of any programme. This could be seen in the story of Arabari
forest conservation strategy in West Bengal.

Q32. Ahars, Kattas, Bhundhis and Khadins are the modes of: 1 Mark
1. Grain storage.
2. Soil conservation.
3. Water harvesting.
4. Cold storag

Ans: 3. Water harvesting.

Explantion:
Ahars, Kattas, Bhundhis and Khadins are the ancient methods of water harvesting.

Q33. The pH of water sample collected from a river was found to be acidic in the range of 3.5 – 4.5, on the banks of the 1 Mark
river were several factories that were discharging effluents into the river. The effluents of which one of the
following factories is the most likely cause for lowering the pH of river water?
1. Soap and detergent factory.
2. Lead battery manufacturing factory.
3. Plastic cup manufacturing factory.
4. Alcohol distillery.

Ans: 2. Lead battery manufacturing factory.

Explanation: Acid spillage from lead battery manufacturing factory can lower down the pH.

Q34. 'Narmada Bacho Andolan' has been organized under the leadership of: 1 Mark
 1. Ravi Shankar Maharaj.
2. Medha Patekar.
3. Amrita Devi Bishnoi.
4. Baba Ram Dev.

Ans: 2. Medha Patekar.

Explanation:
These NGOs allied in 1989 to form the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA), or the 'Save Narmada Movement', led by Medha Patkar.
Since 1985, Patkar had been organizing protest marches against the dam.

Q35. Van Mahotsava is meant for: 1 Mark

1. Deforestation
2. Afforestation
3. Commercial forestry
4. Starting grazing

Ans: 2. Afforestation.
Explanation:
In 1950, it was started by K. M. Munshi, the Union Minister for Agriculture and Food at that time. It was started to create awareness
in the mind of the people for the conservation of forests and planting of new trees. Van Mahotsava is celebrated as a festival of life.

Q36. Which of the following statements (s) is/ are correct about the renewable natural resource? 1 Mark
1. It gets exhausted soon.
2. It requires millions of years to replenish.
3. It reappears at the rate it is used.
4. It cannot be replenished within a short period.

Ans: 3. It reappears at the rate it is used.

Explanation:
A natural resource which can be used repeatedly and is replaced naturally is called a renewable resource. For examples air, water,
solar energy, and biomass.

Q37. The poisonous gas released in the environment due to incomplete combustion of fossil fuels is. 1 Mark
1. CO2
2. CO
3. H2S
4. All of these

Ans: 2. CO
Explanation:
The incomplete combustion process that occurs in an engine; result to the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) as a waste product
from the exhaust system of vehicles. Environmental carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete combustionprocess from any carbon
containing fuel.

Q38. It is important to make small check dams across the flooded gullies because they: 1 Mark
1. Hold water for irrigation.
2. Hold water and prevent soil erosion.
3. Recharge ground water.
4. Hold water permanently.

1. (i) and (iv).

2. (ii) and (iii).
3. (iii) and (iv).
4. (ii) and (iv).

Ans: 2. (ii) and (iii).

Explanation: Check dams prevent soil erosion by preventing the run off. By holding water for a considerable time, check dams also
help in recharging the groundwater.

Q39. Which of the following combination of terms has no fossil fuel? 1 Mark
 1. Wind, ocean, coke.
2. Kerosene, tide, wind.
3. Wood, wind, sun.
4. Petrol, wood, sun.

Ans: 3. Wood, wind, sun.

Explantion:
They all are natural resources, which are not fossil fuels.

Q40. Incomplete combustion of coal and petroleum: 1 Mark

1. Increases air pollution.
2. Increases efficiency of machines.
3. Reduces global warming.
4. Produce poisonous gases.

The correct option is:

1. (A) and (B).
2. (A) and (D).
3. (B) and (C).
4. (C) and (D).

Ans: 2. (A) and (D).

Explanation:
Incomplete combustion of coal and petroleum results in increasing air pollution.
Fossil fuels, on incomplete combustion produce carbon monoxide which is a poisonous gas.
It also increase the global warminga.

Q41. The pH range most conducive for life of fresh water plants and animals is: 1 Mark
1. 6.5 – 7.5
2. 2.0 – 3.5
3. 3.5 – 5.0
4. 9.0 – 10.5

Ans: 1. 6.5 – 7.5

Explanation: A neutral pH is most conducive for living beings in freshwater. This pH range is almost neutral.

Q42. The important message conveyed by the ‘Chipko Movement’ is: 1 Mark
1. To involve the community in forest conservation efforts.
2. To ignore the community in forest conservation efforts.
3. To cut down forest trees for developmental activities.
4. Government agencies have the unquestionable right to order destruction of trees in forests.

Ans: 1. To involve the community in forest conservation efforts.

Explanation: The whole community was involved in Chipko movement which was the main reason for success of this movement.

Q43. The main reason for the abundant coliform bacteria in the water of river Ganga is: 1 Mark
1. I0immersion of ashes of the dead into the river.
2. Washing of clothes on the banks of river.
3. Discharge of industrial wastes into river water.
4. Disposal of unburnt corpses into river water.

Ans: 3. Disposal of unburnt corpses into river water.

Explanation:
The coliform bacteria is present in human intestine. Its presence shows contamination. The main reason for the presence of abundant
coliform bacteria in river Ganga is the disposal of unburnt corpses into the river water.

Q44. Which of the following movements means 'Hug the trees movement'? 1 Mark
1. Narmada Bachao Andolan.
2. Chipko Andolan.
3. Tehri Andolan.
 4. Biodiversity movement.

Ans: 2. Chipko Andolan.

Explanation:
Chipko Movement, started in 1970's, was a non violent movement aimed at protection and conservation of trees and forests from
being destroyed. The name of the Chipko moment originated from the word 'embrace' as the villagers used to hug the trees and
protect them from wood cutters from cutting them.

Q45. Among the statements given below, select the ones that correctly describe the concept of sustainable 1 Mark
development:
1. Planned growth with minimum damage to the environment.
2. Growth irrespective of the extent of damage caused to the environment.
3. Stopping all developmental work to conserve the environment.
4. Growth that is acceptable to all the stakeholders.

1. (i) and (iv).

2. (ii) and (iii).
3. (ii) and (iv).
4. (iii) only.

Ans: 1. (i) and (iv).

Explanation: Sustainable development refers to planned growth with minimum damage to the environment while keeping the future
of coming generation in mind.

Q46. Groundwater will not be depleted duet: 1 Mark

1. Process of afforestation.
2. Establishing thermal power plants.
3. Process of deforestation.
4. Cultivation of high yielding varieties of crops.

Ans: 1. Process of afforestation.

Explantion:
Afforestation prevents the water from immediately rushing into the rivers. Due to this, water can seep in the ground and replenish
the ground water.

Q47. Khadins, Bundhis, Ahars and Kattas are ancient structures that are examples for: 1 Mark
1. Grain storage.
2. Wood storage.
3. Water harvesting.
4. Soil conservation.

Ans: 3. Water harvesting.

Explanation: Khadins, Bundhis, Ahara and Kattas are ancient water conservation practices.

Q48. In our country, there are attempts to increase the height of several existing dams like Tehri and Almati dams 1 Mark
across Narmada. Choose the correct statements among the following that are a consequence of raising the height
of dams:
1. Terrestrial flora and fauna of the area is destroyed completely.
2. Dislocation of people and domestic animals living in the area.
3. Valuable agricultural land may be permanently lost.
4. It will generate permanent employment for people.

1. (i) and (ii).

2. (i), (ii) and (iii).
3. (ii) and (iv).
4. (i), (iii) and (iv).

Ans: 2. (i), (ii) and (iii).

Explanation: Dam construction causes destruction of downstream agricultural land and adversely affects the living organisms present
there.
Q49. Which one of the following is not a fossil fuel? 1 Mark
1. Coal.
2. Petrol.
3. Uranium.
4. Natural gas.

Ans: 3. Uranium.
Explanation:
Coal, crude oil, and natural gas are all considered fossil fuels because they were formed from the buried remains of plants and
animals that lived millions of years ago. Uranium is not a fossil fuel, but it is classified as a nonrenewable fuel.

Q50. With which tree Amrita Devi Bishnoi is associated? 1 Mark

1. Khajoor.
2. Khejrali.
3. Khejri.
4. Keekar.

Ans: 4. khejrali
Explanation:
Amrita Devi Bishnoi is associated with the conservation and protection of khejrali trees.

Q51. Snakes are killed in large numbers because: 1 Mark

1. They are very poisonous.
2. They kill rats.
3. Their skin is expensive.
4. They damage the crops.

Ans: 3. Their skin is expensive.

Explantion:
Snakes are killed for their skin, which is very expensive. Their skin is sold in markets.

Q52. The use of one of the following is eco-friendly. This one is: 1 Mark
1. Cars for transportation.
2. Polybags for shopping.
3. Windmills for generating power.
4. Dyes for colouring clothes.

Ans: 3. Windmills for generating power.

Explantion:
Windmills use wind to generate electric energy. They do not create any kind of pollution. Thus, they are eco-friendly.

Q53. Arabari forests of Bengal is dominated by: 1 Mark

1. Teak.
2. Sal.
3. Bamboo.
4. Mangroove.

Ans: 2. Sal.
Explanation: Arabari forests of Bengal are dominated by sal trees.

Q54. The most appropriate definition of a natural resource is that it is a substance/ commodity that is: 1 Mark
1. Present only on land.
2. A gift of nature which is very useful to mankind.
3. A man-made substance placed in nature.
4. Available only in the forest.

Ans: 2. A gift of nature which is very useful to mankind.

Explanation: Resources that occur naturally within environment are called as natural resources.
Q55. Select the wrong statement:
1. Forests provide variety of products. 1 Mark
2. Forests have greater plant diversity.
3. Forests do not conserve soil.
4. Forests conserve water.

Ans: 3. Forests do not conserve soil.

Explanation: Forests conserve soil in many ways. Forests prevent soil erosion. Forests help in adding humus to the soil because of
decomposition of organic matter (like fallen leaves).

Q56. The most rapidly dwindling natural resource in the world is: 1 Mark
1. Water.
2. Forests.
3. Wind.
4. Sunlight.

Ans: 2. Forests.
Explanation: Water, wind and sunlight are non-exhaustible resources. Forests are being cleared due to human activities.

Q57. Which of the following fuels are formed by the degradation of biomass? 1 Mark
1. CNG.
2. Nuclear.
3. Biogas.
4. Coal and Petroleum.

Ans: 4. Coal and Petroleum.

Explanation:
Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels. Although fossil fuels are formed by the degradation of biomass, they are formed from the remains
buried in the soil millions of years ago. It is the continuous pressure, heat and time which convert the organic matter into coal and
petroleum. Due to the slow and long process of formation of these fuels, it is advisable to conserve them since they are on the verge
of exhaustion.

Q58. Which of the following causes an imbalance in the environment? 1 Mark

1. The excess growing of green plants.
2. Using more renewable resources.
3. Biodiversity.
4. Increasing human population.

Ans: 4. Increasing human population.

Explanation:
Humans create the imbalances through pollution, deforestation, building cities on top of beautiful landscapes, putting dams in rivers,
making reservoirs, driving everywhere.

Q59. Select the eco-friendly activity among the following: 1 Mark

1. Using car for transportation.
2. Using polybags for shopping.
3. Using dyes for colouring clothes.
4. Using windmills to generate power for irrigation.

Ans: 4. Using windmills to generate power for irrigation.

Explanation: Wind is a source of renewable energy.

Q60. The main cause for abundant coliform bacteria in the river Ganga is: 1 Mark
1. Disposal of unburnt corpses into water.
2. Discharge of effluents from electroplating industries.
3. Washing of clothes.
4. Immersion of ashes.

Ans: 1. Disposal of unburnt corpses into water.

 Explanation: Coliform bacteria mainly comes from human excreta. So, they can be present in unburnt corpses.

Q61. In our country, vast tracts of forests are cleared and a single species of plant is cultivated. This practice promotes: 1 Mark
1. Biodiversity in the area.
2. Monoculture in the area.
3. Growth of natural forest.
4. Preserves the natural ecosystem in the area.

Ans: 2. Monoculture in the area.

Explanation: Growing a single species of plant or rearing a single species of animal is called monoculture.

Q62. Complete the following by choosing the correct option: 1 Mark

In 1972, the West Bengal Forest Department recognized its failures in reviving the degraded ______ forests in the
south western districts of the state.
1. Teak.
2. Bamboo.
3. Sal.
4. Rosewood.

Ans: 3. Sal.
Explanation:
Traditional methods of surveillance and policing by forest department had led to the destruction of Sal forest in the district of
Midnapore in West Bengal. Later villagers were involved in the protection of 1,272 hectares of badly degraded Sal forest. In return for
help in protection, villagers were given employment in developing forest.

Q63. Khadins are used in Rajasthan to: 1 Mark

1. Hold water for irrigation.
2. Recharge groundwate.
3. Promote soil erosion.
4. Rrap wild animals.

Ans: 2. Recharge groundwater.

Explantion:
Khadins are used in Rajasthan to conserve water.

Q64. Which of the following R's is not used to save the environment? 1 Mark
1. Reduce.
2. Recycle.
3. Reuse.
4. Remove.

Ans: 2. Recycle.
Explanation:
It's time to learn the three R's of the environment: reduce, reuse, recycle. Then practice what you preach: don't buy things you don't
need or items that come in wasteful packaging or that cannot be recycled.

Q65. The three Rs that will help us to conserve natural resources and minimise their wastage are. 1 Mark
1. Recycle, regenerate, reuse.
2. Reduce, regenerate, reuse.
3. Reduce, reuse, redistribute.
4. Reduce, recycle, reuse.

Ans: 4. Reduce, recycle, reuse.

Explanation:
The three R's-reduce, reuse and recycle-all help to cut down on the amount of waste we throw away. They conserve natural
resources, landfill space and energy. Plus, the three R's save land and money communities must use to dispose of waste in landfills.

Q66. The movement originated to end alienation of people from their forests is: 1 Mark
1. Chipko movement.
 2. Van Mahotsava.
3. Bishnoi movement.
4. Bahuguna movement.

Ans: 1. Chipko movement.

Explanation:
The Chipko Andolan ('Hug the Trees Movement') was the result of a grassroot level effort to end the alienation of people from their
forests. The movement originated from an incident in a remote village called Reni in Garhwal, high-up in the Himalayas during the
early 1970s.

Q67. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel? 1 Mark

1. LPG.
2. Natural gas.
3. Biogas.
4. CNG.

Ans: 3. Biogas.
Explantion:
Biogas does not require millions of years to form. Therefore, it is not a fossil fuel.

Q68. One of the following is not a direct stakeholder in the management (or conservation) of forests.This is: 1 Mark
1. The people who have paper mills.
2. The people who run the forest department.
3. The people who campaign for the conservation of forests.
4. The people who live in urban areas.

Ans: 4. The people who live in urban areas.

Explantion:
People living in urban areas do not directly contribute in the management of forests. Thus, they are not the direct stakeholders.