Many animals, including humans, have highly developed motion perception abilities that allow them to intercept moving objects like prey or a football. The brain detects motion through changes in the size and brightness of images on the retina as objects move closer or further. In addition, the brain perceives motion when distinct, sequentially presented images of nearby objects undergo transformations, as with the beta effect and phi phenomenon observed in film and flashing objects. These effects demonstrate gestalt principles of how the brain perceives whole forms and motion.
Many animals, including humans, have highly developed motion perception abilities that allow them to intercept moving objects like prey or a football. The brain detects motion through changes in the size and brightness of images on the retina as objects move closer or further. In addition, the brain perceives motion when distinct, sequentially presented images of nearby objects undergo transformations, as with the beta effect and phi phenomenon observed in film and flashing objects. These effects demonstrate gestalt principles of how the brain perceives whole forms and motion.
Many animals, including humans, have highly developed motion perception abilities that allow them to intercept moving objects like prey or a football. The brain detects motion through changes in the size and brightness of images on the retina as objects move closer or further. In addition, the brain perceives motion when distinct, sequentially presented images of nearby objects undergo transformations, as with the beta effect and phi phenomenon observed in film and flashing objects. These effects demonstrate gestalt principles of how the brain perceives whole forms and motion.
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Many animals, including humans, possess highly developed perceptual
abilities that enable them to coordinate their own movements with the movements of objects in order to intercept or collide with those objects. This skill is observed in various creatures such as bats and birds, which use it for hunting prey, dogs that employ it in catching a Frisbee, and humans who use it while catching a moving football. The brain's ability to detect motion relies on multiple factors, including changes in the size of an image on the retina (objects appearing larger are typically closer) and variations in relative brightness among objects.
In addition to detecting motion through changing images, we also perceive
motion when objects located close to each other undergo transformations. The "beta effect" refers to the sensation of motion that occurs when distinct images are presented sequentially next to each other. The brain fills in the gaps between these images, creating the illusion of an object in motion. Filmmakers make extensive use of the beta effect to simulate motion in movies. A related phenomenon, the "phi phenomenon," occurs when we perceive motion as a result of nearby objects appearing and disappearing in rapid succession. The phi phenomenon often manifests as a moving zone or cloud of background color surrounding flashing objects. Both the beta effect and the phi phenomenon underscore the significance of gestalt principles,