Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Source
• Receivers
Spacing
cross lines
12.5 m for Wytch Farm Oil Field
16.7 m for Elk Hills Oil Field
SEISMIC PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING
STREAM
FIELD RECORD
(MARINE)
SUBSURFACE ‘IMAGE’
PULSES TYPES
TWO OPTIONS FOR DEFINING THE PULSE:
A. USE SOFTWARE THAT ESTIMATES THE
PULSE BASED ON A ‘WINDOW’ OF THE
REAL SEISMIC DATA AT THE WELL
(RECOMMENDED)
RC
B. USE A STANDARD PULSE SHAPE
SPECIFYING POLARITY, PEAK
FREQUENCY, AND PHASE:
• MINIMUM PHASE POSITIVE
• ZERO PHASE REFLECTION
COEFFICIENT
• QUADRATURE
TRACE ANALYSIS
• Positive reflection – overlying layer is softer
than underlying layer
• Negative – upper layer is harder
• Polarity – peak or trough for positive
reflection
THE MODELING PROCESS
Reflection
Lithology Velocity Density Impedance Wavelet Synthetic
Coefficients
Shale
Sand
Shale
x = *
Sand
Shale
• We ‘block’ the velocity (sonic) and density logs and compute an impedance ‘log’
• We calculate the reflection coefficients at the step-changes in impedance
• We convolve our pulse with the RC series to get individual wavelets
• Each RC generates a wavelet whose amplitude is proportional to the RC
• We sum the individual wavelets to get the synthetic seismic trace
INTERPRETASI GEOLOGI
(STRUKTURAL)
GEOLOGI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
CEKUNGAN MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
CEKUNGAN MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI ATAU PETROLEUM BASIN ADALAH CEKUNGAN
SEDIMENTER DIMANA TELAH TERBENTUK DAN TERAKUMULASI MINYAK DAN GAS
BUMI. TIDAK SEMUA CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN DAPAT MEGHASILKAN MINYAK DAN GAS
BUMI