GP-16!02!01 Power System Design

GP 16-02-01 Power System Design February 2010
Power System Design

GP 16-02-01
Scope
[I] This Global Practice (GP) covers the design of power distribution systems. Power supplies to
Instrumentation and other essential services are covered by GP 16-08-01.
[I] Utility supply company negotiations with regard to billing, plant operation, supply voltages and
capacity, and similar details shall be handled by the Owner's Engineer.
[I] An asterisk (*) indicates that additional information is required. If a job is contracted, this additional
information is furnished in the Job Specification.
Refining/Chemicals For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0
Page 1 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

Table of Contents
Table of Tables .............................................................................................................. 4
1. Required References ............................................................................................ 5

1.1. Global Practices–ExxonMobil Engineering Practices ................................... 5
2. Additional Requirements ...................................................................................... 5
2.1. IEC–International Electrotechnical Commission ........................................... 5
2.2. IEEE–Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers................................... 5
2.3. ISA–The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society ...................... 5
2.4. NEMA–National Electrical Manufacturers Association ................................. 6
2.5. NFPA–National Fire Protection Association ................................................. 6
2.6. Other Publications ........................................................................................ 6
3. Definitions.............................................................................................................. 6
4. Documentation ...................................................................................................... 8
4.1. Data .............................................................................................................. 9
5. Power System Arrangement and Protection .................................................... 13
5.1. Motor Supply and Reacceleration............................................................... 13
5.2. Neutral Grounding ...................................................................................... 14
5.3. Tapped Feeders ......................................................................................... 15
5.4. Protection of Primary-Fused Transformers................................................. 16
5.5. Main Secondary and Incoming Breakers .................................................... 16
5.6. Other Transformer Relaying ....................................................................... 17
5.7. Substation Bus Arrangements .................................................................... 17
5.8. Sub-Bus Feeder Arrangements Requiring Selectivity................................. 18
5.9. Feeder Relaying ......................................................................................... 18
6. Component Capacity and Impedance Selection .............................................. 22
6.1. Transformer Capacity and Impedance ....................................................... 22
6.2. Switchgear Capacity ................................................................................... 22
6.3. Power Cable Sizing .................................................................................... 23
6.4. Terminal Voltage and Voltage Drop............................................................ 24
7. Component Type Selection ................................................................................ 24
RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

7.1. Power Transformers ................................................................................... 24

7.2. Lighting Transformers................................................................................. 25
7.3. Metalclad Switchgear ................................................................................. 25
7.4. Motor Controllers ........................................................................................ 25
7.5. Medium Voltage Motor Controllers (1001 V to 7200 V) .............................. 26
7.6. Low Voltage Motor Controllers (1000 V and Below) ................................... 26
8. Control Circuits ................................................................................................... 26
8.1. Switchgear Control Power .......................................................................... 26
8.2. Motor Control Circuits ................................................................................. 27
9. Power for Turnaround......................................................................................... 29
10. Metering ............................................................................................................... 30
11. Alarms .................................................................................................................. 31

11.1. Substation Alarms ...................................................................................... 31
11.2. Motor Alarms .............................................................................................. 33
11.3. Alarm for Emergency Valve Motor Actuators .............................................. 34
12. Welding Supply ................................................................................................... 34
12.1. Welding Terminal Boxes ............................................................................. 34
12.2. Welding Outlets .......................................................................................... 35
13. Convenience Outlets........................................................................................... 35
Record of Change ....................................................................................................... 37
Attachment: Purpose Codes Definitions.................................................................. 38

Table of Tables
Table 1: Major Equipment Ratings.............................................................................. 9
Table 2: Selectivity and Backup Protection ............................................................. 19
Table 3: Motor Alarm Requirements ......................................................................... 33
Table 4: Welding Terminal Boxes Required ............................................................. 34

1. Required References
[I] This Section lists Practices and Standards that are generically referenced and assumed to be a part of
this document. Unless otherwise specified herein, use the latest edition.
1.1. Global Practices–ExxonMobil Engineering Practices

GP 14-03-01 Fireproofing
GP 15-07-03 Alarm Systems
GP 15-09-02 Electric Motor Operators for Valves
GP 16-08-01 Instrument and Essential Services Power Supplies
GP 16-12-01 Switchgear, Control Centers, and Bus Duct
2. Additional Requirements
* [I] The following Publications and Standards shall be used with this GP as specified by the Owner's
Engineer. Additional or equivalent standards of design may also be specified by the Owner's Engineer.
2.1. IEC–International Electrotechnical Commission

IEC 60034-1 Rotating Electrical Machines - Part 1: Rating and Performance
2.2. IEEE–Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IEEE 141 Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial
Plants
IEEE 242 Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial
and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE 835 INTRO Standard Power Cable Ampacity Tables
2.3. ISA–The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society

ISA 18.1 Annunciator Sequences and Specifications

2.4. NEMA–National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NEMA C84.1 Electric Power Systems and Equipment - Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz)
NEMA MG 1 Motors and Generators
2.5. NFPA–National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
2.6. Other Publications

Current Rating Standards for Distribution Cables, 69-30, ERA Technology
EMRE Program 3317 (PC Magnet) User Manual
Transactions on Industry and General Applications Allowing for Decrement and Fault Voltage in
Industrial Relaying, IEEE, Mar./Apr. 1965 pp. 130 – 139.
3. Definitions
Term [I] Description
acceptable and * Where this GP lists more than one type of equipment or method as
preferred practices acceptable, the Contractor shall make the selection based on total
installed cost. Where one particular type of equipment or method is
listed as preferred, it shall be selected provided it is lower or equivalent
in total installed cost to other acceptable types or methods. Optimum
cost benefits may be achieved by reducing maintenance and operating
expense through initial added investment. Economic basis for
calculating optimum cost benefits will be included in the general job
specification. Owner's Engineer shall approve alternative choices.
adjusted maximum Equal to 1.0 times maximum demand.
demand based on firm
load data
adjusted maximum Equal to 1.05 times estimated maximum demand.
demand based on non-
firm load data
captive transformer A transformer that supplies a single utilization device, usually a large
motor.
demand factor The ratio of the maximum demand of a system, or part of a system, to
the total connected load of the system, or part of the system, under
consideration.

firm load data The load data derived from actual equipment performance characteristics
and duty cycles for existing facilities.
lighting transformer A transformer that mainly supplies lighting but may also supply
convenience receptacles and other non-critical low voltage loads.
load factor The ratio of the average load over a designated period of time to the
peak load occurring in that period.
motor continuous A multiplier which, when applied to the rated power, indicates power
overload loading which may be carried continuously without exceeding by more
capability/service than 10°C at continuous overload / service factor loading rated
factor temperature rise per NEMA MG 1 or IEC 60034-1, if rated voltage and
frequency are maintained.
When the motor is operated at any service factor greater than 1.0, it may
have efficiency, power factor and speed different from those at rated
power, but the locked rotor torque and current and breakdown torque
will remain unchanged
secondary-selective Secondary-Selective Substations have two busses, each supplied by a
substations normally-closed incoming line circuit breaker and connected together by
a normally-open bus tie circuit breaker. (As used herein, the term
secondary-selective is applicable to dually fed substations with or
without transformers.) The dual sources normally divide the load in
non-paralleled operation. Upon failure of one source, the substation is
isolated from the failed source and the deenergized bus section is
connected to the source remaining in service. This transfer of load may
be manual or automatic.
spot-network Spot-network substations have two or more busses, each supplied by a
substations normally-closed incoming line circuit breaker from synchronized
sources and connected together by normally-closed bus tie circuit
breaker(s). Upon failure of one source, the substation is isolated from
the failed source by automatic operation of protective relaying, e.g.,
directional overcurrent, differential.
sub-bus A substation bus which is directly supplied (without an intervening
transformer) from the switchgear main bus. Examples of sub-busses are
motor control and turnaround power center busses.
the 15-minute The greatest average load that can occur for a 15-minute period.
maximum demand of
loads
the 8-hour maximum The greatest root-mean-square value the load can take during any 8-hour
demand of loads period. It is the equivalent thermal aging load.

undervoltage As applied to motor control, causes the motor controller to trip either
protection instantaneously or after a predetermined time interval upon a dip or loss
of motor supply voltage. Upon restoration of normal supply voltage, the
controller does not reclose or only recloses if supply voltage is restored
within a predetermined time interval.
undervoltage release As applied to motor control, causes the motor controller to trip
instantaneously upon a dip or loss of motor supply voltage and to reclose
instantaneously upon restoration of normal supply voltage, regardless of
the time duration of the voltage dip or loss.
voltage drop The difference between the voltages at the transmitting and receiving
ends of a feeder, main, or service. With alternating current, the voltages
are not necessarily in phase and hence the voltage drop is not necessarily
equal to the algebraic sum of the voltage drops along the several
conductors
4. Documentation
1) [O], [M] A simplified overall system one-line diagram(s) shall be provided showing all substations
and interconnections.
2) * [O], [M] A one-line diagram shall be provided for each substation and shall cover all power circuits
and excitation circuits including metering and protective relaying. All one line diagrams shall be a
separate set of drawings; they shall not be located on other types of drawings. A typical one-line
diagram showing style used by Contractor shall be submitted to the Owner's Engineer for approval
prior to starting the drawings. Each substation's diagrams shall include the following information:
a) Major equipment ratings as indicated in Table 1.
b) Number and connections of current and potential transformers.
c) Connection of power transformer windings (such as wye or delta), type of neutral grounding.
d) Relay description including ANSI device number and number of devices.
e) Dotted lines to associate the major protective relays with the auxiliary relays or primary circuit
devices which they actuate, using arrows at the ends of these lines to point to the devices
operated.
f) Maximum and minimum short circuit levels on which design was based.
g) Identification and size of individual loads connected to each switchgear, motor control center,
turnaround power center, and switchrack bus.
h) Reacceleration step number for each motor provided with automatic reacceleration control.
3) [O], [M] Diagrams shall be furnished as indicated below. Vendors' drawings shall be used to the
maximum extent practical when providing this information; however, typical engineering schematics
and wiring diagrams shall not be used without Owner's Engineer's approval.

a) A Contractor or Vendor prepared internal connection diagram shall be provided for each piece of
equipment. These connection diagrams show wiring within each piece of equipment and are not
a substitute for interconnection diagrams.
b) Schematic/elementary logic diagrams shall be furnished for the control circuits of motors and
other equipment. Each motor or device being controlled shall have all associated controlling
devices shown on a single drawing.
c) * Interconnection/point-to-point diagrams shall show the same terminal numbers and device and
conductor designations that appear on the connection diagrams. They shall also indicate locations
of terminals if the equipment has terminals in more that one location. Contractor shall prepare
sample interconnection wiring drawings for Owner's Engineer's review and approval prior to
proceeding with basic design.
Table 1: Major Equipment Ratings
Major Equipment Ratings to be Shown on One-Line Diagrams

Generators V, kW, PF, X"d, X'd, Xd
Power Transformers kVA (OA/FA), V, tap range, impedance, BIL if
arresters applied at same voltage
Circuit Breakers Continuous A, interrupting MVA or kA at system
nominal voltage, momentary kA if different from
interrupting, BIL if arresters applied at same
voltage (Specify whether symmetrical or
asymmetrical basis used for kA ratings)
Bus System nominal V, Continuous A, Momentary kA
(specify symmetrical or asymmetrical basis)
Arresters kV operating
Neutral Grounding Devices A (short time and continuous ampere rating),
Ohmic value
Current Transformers Ratios, Accuracy Class
Potential Transformers Ratios
Cable and overhead lines supplying Size, Type, Current Rating
power-transformers and substation
busses
4.1. Data
1) [O], [M] Contractor shall prepare the following data and shall use these data as the basis for sizing
system components, checking system performance, and setting system protective relays and devices:
a) Load Data
b) Short Circuit Data
c) Voltage Profile Data
d) Motor Heating Data

e) Cable sizing basis

f) Relay data
* Contractor shall furnish copies of all data for approval by Owner's Engineer. After approval,
Contractor shall furnish final copies to Owner's Engineer.
A summary of the results and description of the system conditions used as the basis for the data
calculations shall be provided with each set of final load data, short circuit data, and voltage profile
data.
2) * [I] Machine calculations shall be used to prepare the following data using software specified or
approved by the Owner's Engineer:
a) Load data
b) Short circuit data
c) Voltage profile data
d) Motor heating data
3) [I] Contractor is responsible for problem formulation, all data verification, de-bugging, and
confirming that output is in accordance with project design requirements. Preferred tools include
PTW32, ETAP, and PSS/E (others require approval of Owner's Engineer). EMRE Program 3317 and
User Manual will be made available to the Contractor by the Owner's Engineer, if needed.
4) * [R] Short-circuit data shall be accompanied by one-line diagram with busses identified to match the
computer results.
Summary of results shall include the following data on computer generated one-line diagrams or in
tabular form:
a) Short circuit currents on each bus and line used to establish the interrupting and momentary
ratings of circuit breakers, fuses, and other switching devices at busses and lines.
b) Maximum and minimum symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuit currents at each bus and line
used in establishing settings for the protective relays and devices.
5) [I] Load data and short circuit data shall be furnished by the contractor to the Owner's Engineer on at
least two occasions:
a) Before major electrical equipment (such as power transformers and switchgear) is purchased.
Note: These issues of data are preliminary and need only be complete and accurate enough to
verify that proper equipment ratings such as circuit breaker interrupting and momentary duties
and transformer self and forced-cooled ratings have been specified.
b) When one-line diagram is presented for final approval and loads are final.
6) [I] Voltage profile data shall include:
a) Voltage variations at busses and motor terminals during normal operation.
b) Voltage variations at busses and motor terminals during motor starting and reacceleration,
whichever governs, with all sources in service and with the largest source out-of-service.
c) Loading of bus supply lines in amperes during motor reacceleration.
d) Motor reacceleration schedule showing motors assigned to each step.
e) Tap settings for all power transformers.

7) [R] Motor heating data shall show the rotor temperature rise during starting of each squirrel cage
induction motor larger than 1500 hp (1100 kW) under design starting conditions and during full-load
operation.
8) [R] Cable sizing basis shall be furnished, covering implementation of the requirements of this GP
with respect to:
a) Ampacity rating basis including factors such as conductor temperatures, load factors, earth
thermal resistivity, and ambient earth and air temperatures.
b) Ampacity derating basis including derating factors for cable grouping, spacing, proximity to high
temperature equipment, effect of protective coverings for fireproofing, sheath currents, and
operating temperature of cable termination and device terminal.
c) Sizing basis to meet voltage drop limitations during normal operation and during motor starting
or reacceleration.
d) Sizing basis to meet short circuit withstand.
e) Neutral sizing to include the effect of harmonics.
f) Adequacy of cable shields to carry ground fault current.
g) Adequacy of cable shield terminations to carry circulating currents, when single-phase cables are
used and shields are grounded at both ends. Maximum expected shield currents shall be
indicated.
9) [R], [M] Relay data shall be furnished for each adjustable relay or other protective device as follows:
a) Device symbol number, circuit to which applied, and device's instrument transformer (if any)
ratio and accuracy class.
b) Device identification including manufacturer model number, time characteristic, and ampere or
voltage range.
c) Device setting, calibration point, and one or more check points.
d) Logic diagrams when relay contains programmable logic.
e) Manufacturer's application literature for each type relay supplied.
Data shall also include settings for auxiliary relays and devices, such as timers, associated with each
protective device.
10) * [M] Tabular form shall be used to present relay data. Additional columns shall be provided for
recording actual test values (voltage, current, and time) corresponding to calibration and check points
resulting from field setting, calibration, test, and comments. Sample relay data forms and
coordination curves shall be submitted to the Owner's Engineer for approval prior to beginning relay
coordination study documentation.
11) [M] Microprocessor-based relays require full printouts of all parameters and programmed logic
contained within the relay. Relay settings shall be supplied in computer file format when settings
comprise more than one page of text. When custom logic is programmed within the relay, a narrative
shall be provided describing the functions provided.
12) * [R], [M] Coordination curves shall be included with the relay data. A set of curves matching plant
practice shall be furnished for each voltage level showing the time vs. current (or voltage) curves for
all phase relays and other phase protective devices at their specified settings. A separate but similar
set of curves shall be provided for all ground relays and other ground protective devices.
Symmetrical maximum and minimum short circuit levels shall be shown on each set of curves. When

specified, Contractor shall utilize the relay coordination software specified by the Owner's Engineer
to present the coordination curve results.
The protective device coordination shall include the following:
a) For voltage levels supplied through transformers:
i) Transformer primary overcurrent protective device curves plotted in terms of secondary
current.
ii) For delta-wye transformers, allowance for the higher current in one primary phase (16
percent higher than equivalent secondary phase current) during secondary phase-to-phase
faults.
iii) Transformer through-fault withstand point for maximum three-phase secondary faults; also,
withstand points for other types of secondary faults if more limiting than three-phase fault.
b) For secondary-selective substations with automatic transfer:
i) Coordination between the transfer initiating undervoltage relays and the incoming breaker
overcurrent relays (see IEEE Transactions on Industry and General Applications, Mar./Apr.
1965, pp. 130 to 139 for method).
ii) Settings of the instantaneous overcurrent and undervoltage relays used to block automatic
transfer.
c) For substations using time-undervoltage relays for motor undervoltage protection, the
coordination between overcurrent relays and motor undervoltage relays (see IEEE reference, Item
b above, for method).
d) Coordination curves for the protective relaying of each motor rated above 1000 volts including
locked rotor damage points. One curve sheet may be used for services having motors of the same
ratings, locked rotor damage points, and with the same relaying.
e) For feeder cables supplying busses and power transformers, the safe insulation heating limit
(short circuit withstand) curve for the cable plotted on the same curve sheet with the feeder
protective device curves.
f) Emergency generator and UPS systems.
13) [O] Decrement effects shall be shown in the relay coordination if in-plant generation contributes to
faults. Method of showing response of inverse time relays to decrement shall be as given in IEEE
Transactions on Industry and General Applications, Mar./Apr. 1965, pp. 130 to 139.
14) [I] Relay coordination curves shall be furnished on two occasions:
a) Before current transformer ratios and relay ranges and characteristics are specified to the supplier.
Note: This issue of the coordination is preliminary and need only be complete and accurate
enough to verify selection of proper ratios, ranges, and characteristics.
b) When Relay Data is presented for final approval.
15) [I] Generator data shall be furnished for salient pole generators larger than 500 kW. These data shall
consist of:
a) Direct and quadrature axis subtransient, transient, and synchronous reactances.
b) Negative and zero sequence impedances.
c) Decrement curves for three-phase and phase-to-phase faults, with generator operating at full load
and with exciter under control of voltage regulator. If not available, furnish decrement curves for

three-phase and phase-to-phase faults with generator at full load and with constant full load field
excitation.
d) Exciter full load and ceiling voltages.
e) No load and full load generator field current.
f) Direct and quadrature axis transient and subtransient open-circuit time constants.
g) Stator leakage reactance.
h) Reactive capability curves.
i) Unbalanced current capability.
j) Any additional generator data required for power system analysis computer programs.
16) * [O] Contractor shall provide the total voltage harmonic content, per substation, resulting from all
electronic circuits employing chopping e.g., process heaters, variable frequency drives, etc. If total
harmonic distortion approaches 5 percent for any substation main bus, Contractor shall provide the
necessary filtering equipment to maintain values below this level or local utility requirements, and
confirm the final design with a detailed study.
17) [I] Contractor shall provide all technical design information required by the Owner's Engineer for
review meetings with the Utility Supply Company. Contractor shall participate in technical review
meetings to the extent specified.
5. Power System Arrangement and Protection

5.1. Motor Supply and Reacceleration
1) [O] Full voltage starting shall be the preferred method for all motors. For motors starting more
frequently than once per hour, voltage at the bus supplying the motors shall not drop below 90
percent of system nominal voltage when these motors start individually.
2) [O], [M] Supply to spare and multiple-service motors: If motors are designated as normal and spare,
2 of 3 normally running, or equivalent, or if two or more motors in the same service can operate
independently for partial service (as in air-cooled heat exchanger fans and paralleled cooling water
circulation pumps), the following shall govern:
a) If such motors are fed directly from secondary-selective or spot-network busses, the supply to
motors of each service shall be divided between (or among) the busses.
b) If such motors are fed from radially supplied busses (which may be supplied radially from
secondary-selective or spot-network substation busses) the supply to motors of each service shall
be divided between independently radially supplied busses.
3) * [O], [M] Bus maintainability with unspared critical motors: if it is specified that busses be
maintainable with a plant in service, all unspared motors necessary to plant operation shall be
arranged for alternate feed from two busses. An acceptable arrangement is a controller cubicle on
each bus but only one controller for each such motor, plus one spare controller (of each type used for
such motors) for the plant. This requirement will normally be specified only for substations feeding
two or more plants with staggered turnarounds, or feeding plants likely to have unplanned
turnarounds.

4) * [O], [M] Bus extendibility with unspared critical motors: If it is specified that busses be extendable
with a plant in service, and the busses feed unspared motors necessary to plant operation, one of the
following shall be provided:
a) Supply unspared critical motors per Section 5.1, Item 3 , or
b) Provide sectionalizing means at the end of each bus to permit addition of future equipment with
the bus in service. Spare circuit breaker cubicles are acceptable.
This requirement will normally be specified only for main substations, either purchased-power
substations or generating plant busses.
5) * [I] Motor Reacceleration: motors designated as having reacceleration requirements of Necessary
(A) or Desirable (B) shall all be automatically reaccelerated. Where reacceleration in more than one
step is required, motors (A) shall be in earlier steps than motors (B). Step priority among motors
having the same reacceleration requirement designation shall be based on process priorities to be
specified.
6) [S] Electric motor valve actuators: Supply to block valves designated as EBV Type C or Type D
(defined in GP 15-09-02) used in emergency isolation, shutdown or depressurizing service shall meet
the following:
a) Supply shall be from a dual power source such as a secondary-selective substation. Preferably,
the supply shall be taken from the substation supplying the facilities with which the valves are
associated. Otherwise, the valves shall be supplied from the essential services switchgear of the
instrument power supply for the facilities with which the valves are associated.
b) The supply to a valve associated with a motor driven pump, compressor, or other machine shall
be taken from a different bus than the bus supplying the machine's motor driver.
c) * Valves may be supplied directly from the substation by individual feeders from a motor control
center or by individual feeders from a bus remote from the substation, such as a local switchrack,
which is supplied by dual feeders from separate busses in the substation. Such remote busses
shall have a local disconnecting means for each feeder, such as a non-automatic circuit breaker,
arranged for manual transfer and having interlocking to prevent paralleling the two feeders.
Automatic transfer may be utilized if specified.
d) Voltage for each remote bus supplying emergency valves shall be supervised by a normally
energized relay having a normally open contact connected to a Loss of Bus Voltage Alarm, see
Section 11.3. Relays shall be suitable for continuous operation at bus voltage without tendency to
stick in the energized position and shall be time delay on drop-out. Time delay shall be long
enough to prevent operation on transient voltage dips.
e) Individual feeders shall run directly from supply bus to the EBV without any intervening
disconnects.
7) * [O], [R] Captive transformer supply: When specified, a single large motor may be supplied from a
captive transformer. In such cases, the transformer's primary circuit breaker shall serve as the motor
controller and shall be located in the substation from which the transformer is supplied. The feeder to
a captive transformer shall not supply any other load.
5.2. Neutral Grounding

1) [R] Neutrals of all power systems originating within the plant shall be grounded as follows:
a) Directly to ground at 1000 volts and below.
b) Through low resistance above 1000 volts.

c) * When specified, through high resistance at 1000 volts and below.

d) * When specified, through high resistance at 1001 through 4160 volts.
e) * Proposals for ungrounded neutrals and neutrals grounded through reactance or Petersen coils
(ground fault neutralizers) shall be approved by the Owner's Engineer.
2) [R] Resistors used for low resistance neutral grounding shall limit current to as low a value as
possible without going below either of the following:
a) Fifteen (15) times the lowest reliable operating current of the least sensitive outgoing feeder
ground relaying.
b) Five (5) times the lowest reliable operating current of bus ground relaying.
Note: Depending on relay and current transformer characteristics, lowest reliable operating current
may be higher than relay pickup settings. Lowest reliable operating current is 1.5 times pickup for
most induction type time delay relays.
5.3. Tapped Feeders

1) * [O] Two or more transformers may be fed from one feeder circuit breaker. Cable taps shall not be
used in underground installations. Instead, parallel terminations at the transformers for incoming and
on-going cables shall be provided. For overhead lines, taps may be used with Owner's Engineer's
approval.
2) [O], [M] Primary disconnection means shall be provided at each transformer when one feeder
services two or more transformers. Type of disconnection means shall be as follows:
a) If a feeder serves only secondary-selective or spot-network substations or both, removable air–or
oil-immersed links are acceptable.
b) Radial substations on tapped feeders shall be provided with primary disconnect switches.
c) If a feeder feeds secondary-selective or spot-network substations or both, and also feeds radial
substations, then primary disconnect switches shall be furnished for both transformers of each
such secondary-selective or spot-network substation. For example, if one feeder feeds half of two
secondary-selective substations, and a second feeder feeds the other half of those substations plus
a radial substation, all five transformers require disconnect switches.
3) * [S] If links are used, or switches without interrupting capability or adequate making capacity, it will
be necessary to deenergize the entire feeder during the disconnecting and reconnecting operations.
Key or electrical interlocks shall be provided to assure safe procedure. Interlocking method shall be
approved by Owner's Engineer.
4) [R] Protective relaying for feeder circuit breakers supplying tapped feeders shall be selective with
protective devices on the secondary side of all transformers connected to the feeder and shall be set
not to operate for non-fault conditions, such as total magnetizing inrush, motor reacceleration, and
maximum load currents of all transformers connected to the feeder.
5) [R] Primary-side protection shall be provided for any transformer on tapped feeders where
transformer rating is too small to permit protection by the relaying of the feeder circuit breaker
supplying the tapped feeder. Minimum acceptable protection shall:
a) Prevent transformer damage by secondary through-fault currents, i.e., operate within a safe time
period for through-fault currents so that the transformer's short circuit withstand capability is not
exceeded.

b) Provide secondary bus phase fault protection, i.e., operate reliably in less than 2 seconds at 50
percent of minimum secondary bolted phase fault current.
6) [C] For transformers smaller than 500 kVA on tapped feeders, primary side protection shall be
current limiting fuses.
7) [R] For transformers 500 kVA and larger on tapped feeders, primary side protection shall be as
follows:
a) The preferred form of primary protection is three phase overcurrent relays (not two phase and
ground). The relays shall be energized from current transformers located on or in the power
transformer primary bushings or cable ends, and be arranged to transfer trip the primary feeder
breaker through a lockout relay 86T. (The primary protection relay trip contacts shall be in
parallel with trip contacts of relays 51G and 63.) This relaying should be set to provide
secondary bus phase-fault protection.
b) * As an alternative, Contractor may propose for Owner's Engineer's approval, primary side
protection by means of current limiting primary fuses. However, this alternative is not considered
to provide adequate secondary bus phase-fault protection and must be supplemented by secondary
protection. The secondary protection shall consist of either:
i) Overcurrent relaying in three phases, energized from secondary side current transformers
preferably in or on the power transformer secondary phase bushings, or
ii) The protective devices of a main secondary breaker.
5.4. Protection of Primary-Fused Transformers

1) [O], [R] Protection against single-phase supply shall be provided for each of the following classes of
transformers if fuses contribute to their primary-side protection:
a) Transformers of any size in primary and secondary-selective, and spot-network substations.
b) Transformers 500 kVA and larger in radial substations.
2) [R] Anti-single-phase protection shall meet the following:
a) Protection schemes using three-phase undervoltage relays to sense voltage unbalance and three-
phase current relays to sense current unbalance are not acceptable.
b) Negative sequence voltage relaying on secondary side is acceptable. Relay to be network filter
type. An auxiliary time delay relay shall be provided to prevent unnecessary operation of the
anti-single-phase protection scheme during system transient disturbances.
c) Mechanical sensing of blown fuse (trigger fuse or fuse with striker pin) is acceptable.
d) Protection shall cause opening of primary three-phase load-break device (such as contactor) for
individually-fed transformers.
e) For radial and spot-network substations on tapped feeders, protection shall cause alarm.
5.5. Main Secondary and Incoming Breakers

1) [O] Radial and primary selective substation main secondary breakers may be omitted only if both the
following are provided by other means:
a) Emergency deenergization of main bus
b) Main bus fault protection
2) [O] Emergency deenergization of the main bus may be accomplished by one of the following:

a) Primary breaker in same room

b) Transformer primary load break disconnect switch
c) Manual initiation of 86T transfer trip relay
3) [C] Main bus fault protection may be provided in absence of main secondary breaker by one of the
following:
a) Relaying of primary breaker if transformer is at least 50 percent of breaker load
b) Transformer primary relaying transfer tripping primary breaker
c) Transformer secondary relaying transfer tripping primary breaker
4) [C] Main incoming breakers for radial substations fed directly at bus voltage may be omitted under
any of the following conditions:
a) There is a load-break incoming switch with adequate making capacity and breaking capacity
coordinated with the protective devices immediately upstream of the switch.
b) Manual transfer tripping of the source breaker is provided.
c) The source breaker is in the same room.
5) [O] Phase overcurrent protective trip devices are required for all substation main secondary and
incoming breakers to provide main bus fault protection. Ground fault overcurrent protection is also
required for breakers of substations with low resistance or solidly grounded neutrals.
5.6. Other Transformer Relaying

1) * [R] Unless otherwise specified, fault pressure relaying (63) shall be furnished on transformers 500
kVA or larger and shall trip primary breaker or controller.
2) [O] Neutral backup relaying (51G): ground fault relaying shall be applied to substations 500 kVA or
larger. The ground fault relaying, operating from a current transformer in the power transformer
neutral, shall trip the primary breaker or controller at substations having low resistance or solidly
grounded neutrals, and shall alarm only at substations with high resistance grounding.
3) [O] For transformers fed by bare wire lines, protection shall be provided where necessary to prevent
energizing the primary line from the transformer secondary. This protection is required for spot-
network substations and for utility-tie transformers (locations with in-plant generation) where there is
not intertripping between supply breaker and transformer main secondary breaker. Protection shall
consist of directional power relaying sensitive enough to detect transformer core loss when fed from
the secondary.
4) * [O], [R] Differential relaying: when specified, differential relay protection shall be provided and
shall trip the transformer primary feeder circuit breaker and the main secondary breaker through a
lockout relay 86T. (The differential relay trip contacts shall be in parallel with the trip contacts of
relays 51G and 63.)
5.7. Substation Bus Arrangements

1) [R], [C] Substation busses shall be arranged to minimize the number of circuit breakers used between
the main bus and sub-busses to permit protective relay settings which ensure fast clearing of bus
faults. In general, and especially below 1000 volts, it is more desirable to minimize arcing damage by
fast fault clearing than to provide additional security through subdivision of the distribution system.

2) [R] Bussing arrangements shall be as follows:

a) For secondary-selective and spot-network substations, two busses, each supplying branch circuits
whose protective devices are all in the first step of coordination.
b) For radial substations, a single bus supplying all branch circuits whose protective devices are all
in the first step of coordination.
c) Bus transition cubicles or bus duct is preferred to interconnect unlike equipment in the same
room, such as switchgear and control centers.
d) Cable sized to withstand momentary and interrupting duty may be used as an alternative to bus
duct, to supply a sub-bus which is located in the same or adjacent room. Cables shall be provided
with a means of disconnecting the supply end. The disconnecting means shall be non-automatic,
such as a circuit breaker without protective devices or a load break switch of adequate momentary
and making capacity.
5.8. Sub-Bus Feeder Arrangements Requiring Selectivity

1) [R] Situations requiring the use of sub-bus feeder breakers that have protective devices that are
selective with the sub-bus branch feeder protective devices and the main switchgear protection, are as
follows:
a) Feeders to turnaround power centers
b) Feeders to remotely located busses
c) * Substations serving two or more process units, which are specified to operate independently of
each other, under the following conditions:
i) When specified
ii) When Contractor's proposal to separate the loads of each process unit onto separate sub
busses is approved by Owner's Engineer
2) [S] Circuit breakers, switches, and contactors whose load side terminals can be energized when in the
open position from a source outside their own switchgear or control center assembly shall be
identified by a legible nameplate mounted on the front and rear of their compartments. Breakers in a
secondary-selective substation supplying a turnaround power center are an example of this
requirement. The nameplate shall be engraved as follows (white letters on red background):
WARNING
(Note) LOAD SIDE MAY BE ENERGIZED WHEN IN OPEN POSITION.
ALTERNATE ENERGIZATION COMES FROM (Note)
Note: Fill in circuit breaker, switch, contactor identification as applicable.
5.9. Feeder Relaying

1) [O], [R] Time and instantaneous phase overcurrent tripping shall be provided for feeder breakers
requiring relaying except that instantaneous tripping shall be omitted if relaying exists downstream
without significant intervening impedance. If the only downstream protection with which the feeder
relaying must coordinate is fuses, instantaneous phase overcurrent tripping shall be furnished if
selectivity can be achieved. This requires that the instantaneous trip setting be not less than 70
percent of the peak let-through current of the largest anticipated fuse, and that fuse be current limiting
at the fault level of the system where it is located.

2) [O], [R] Ground fault protection, energized residually or from a zero sequence current transformer, is
required or preferred as stated below for feeder breakers requiring relaying:
a) Required in substations with low resistance grounded neutrals
b) Preferred in all substations with solidly grounded neutrals
3) [O] Feeders to radial substations with transformer fault pressure relaying (63) or neutral backup
relaying (51G) or both shall be transfer tripped through lockout relay (86T) at the substation. The
lockout relays shall be provided with mechanical or electrical means for manual initiation. If there is
no control power battery at the radial substation, shunt type lockout relays may require local
capacitors to assist in tripping. In this case, capacitor charging shall be provided by:
a) A local rectifier and also by pilot wire feeding through a blocking diode from the source
substation control battery or
b) A capacitor trip device with charging rectifier plus a built-in replaceable rechargeable battery and
battery charging circuit. Battery shall have capacity to maintain the capacitor at full charge for a
minimum time of 72 hours after loss of AC power to the capacitor charging rectifier. Battery
shall also be capable of recharging the capacitor to a safe tripping voltage in less than 20 minutes
during the time AC power is off.
4) [I] Overload vs. fault protection, as used in discussing selectivity, refers to the parts of relay, device,
or fuse time-current characteristics respectively above and below two seconds.
5) [O], [R] Types and settings of protective relays, solid state trip devices, and fuses shall be selected to
achieve selectivity and provide backup protection as specified in Table 2.
Table 2: Selectivity and Backup Protection
Selectivity and Backup by Protection Nearer the Source

Protection Farther
from the Source
Overload Phase Fault Ground Fault
Overload See Note 1 Not Applicable Not Applicable
Phase Fault (Inherent) See Note 2 See Note 3
Ground Fault (Inherent) Required Required
Notes:
(1) Selectivity between overload relaying shall be provided, except that zones of
non-selectivity up to 1.5 in current ratio are acceptable to achieve sensitive and
fast fault clearing. See Figure 1.
(2) Selectivity is required between upstream and downstream phase fault relaying,
except that zones of non-selectivity up to 1.5 in current ratio are acceptable to
achieve sensitive and fast upstream fault clearing. See Figure 1.
(3) Selectivity between upstream ground fault relaying and downstream phase fault
relaying is unnecessary if there is ground fault relaying at the downstream
location. If there is none, selectivity is required up to at least 0.3 second and
should be sacrificed above 0.3 seconds only if necessary to achieve reasonable
sensitivity of upstream ground fault protection. See Figure 2.

Figure 1: Phase-Fault and Overload Non-Selectivity with Single Loads

(See Note 1)
PHASE FAULT/OVERLOAD PROTECTION
FARTHER FROM SOURCE
PHASE FAULT/OVERLOAD
PROTECTION
LOG TIME
NEARER SOURCE
2 SECONDS
ZONE OF PHASE
FAULT NON-
SELECTIVITY.
MAX CURRENT
RATIO = 1.5:1
ZONE OF OVERLOAD
NON-SELECTIVITY.
MAX CURRENT
RATIO = 1.5:1
LOG CURRENT
NOTE:
(1) Typical case would be a large motor having power rating 50% or more of supply substation transformer kVA ratin

Figure 2: Ground/Phase Fault Non-Selectivity with Large Single Load on

Solidly Grounded Low Voltage Systems
MIN. GROUND FAULT
FUSE FARTHER FROM SOURCE

ON FEEDER WITH NO GROUND
FAULT PROTECTION
GROUND FAULT RELAY

NEARER SOURCE
(SEE NOTE 1)
CIRCUIT BREAKER FARTHER

LOG TIME
FROM SOURCE ON FEEDER

WITH NO GROUND FAULT
PROTECTION
2
SECONDS
SEE
NOTE 2
SELECTIVITY
MARGIN
0.3 SECONDS
MAX. GROUND
FAULT
LOG CURRENT
NOTES:
(1) Set pickup below minimum ground fault current considering arcing at fault and line/ground circuit impedance.
Set pickup high enough to be selective with the phase protective devices on as many downstream feeders as
possible that do not have ground fault protection. Do not set pickup below 15% of maximum ground fault
current unless a lower setting can be made which will not risk nuisance tripping (such as from current
transformer error currents during through faults). Provide 0.3 seconds minimum delay at maximum ground
fault current.
(2) The majority of fuses and breakers on downstream feeders without ground fault protection can usually be
chosen or set to be fully selective with the ground fault relay nearer the source.
6) * [O] Selective reclosing for current limiting circuit breakers is an acceptable alternative to selective
tripping, if approved by the Owner's Engineer.
7) [O] Backup phase and ground fault protection is required for all fault locations except for ground
faults in transformer main secondary connections with impedance grounding of the secondary.
Backup protection for ground faults in transformer main secondary connections with solidly grounded
secondary need not be sensitive to faults with large arc voltage component.

8) [R] Transformer feeders: overcurrent protection for primary feeders to power transformers shall
consist of an overcurrent relay in each phase. A ground overcurrent relay shall also be provided if the
supply system is solidly or low resistance grounded.
6. Component Capacity and Impedance Selection

6.1. Transformer Capacity and Impedance
1) [O] Eight-hour adjusted maximum demands shall be the basis for transformer capacity.
2) [R] Transformer design shall take into account the harmonic currents associated with the loads and
the appropriate derating or other changes in design shall be made.
3) [O], [R] In radial and primary selective substations, transformer self-cooled capacity shall be equal to
or greater than the adjusted maximum demand.
4) * [O] In secondary-selective and spot-network substations, and in radial substations which have been
specified to be convertible to secondary-selective or spot-network, the rating of each transformer shall
be such that, if any one transformer is out of service, the remaining transformers can meet the
adjusted maximum demand of the load within their self-cooled capacity.
5) * [C] If use of forced-cooled capacity in Item 4 of this Section would result in investment savings, the
contractor shall advise the Owner's Engineer of the two transformer ratings and the difference in
installed cost or contract price between the two ratings, considering all affected components.
6) [C] Transformer Impedance: transformers having manufacturer's standard impedance values shall be
used except when other values are required as follows:
a) To meet voltage drop limitations, or
b) To realize economies by the use of switchgear with lower interrupting rating
c) * When specified, to limit fault currents to standard values for other downstream protective
devices
6.2. Switchgear Capacity

1) [R] 15-minute adjusted maximum demand shall be the basis for switchgear continuous ratings, except
as specified below.
2) [O] Generator breakers shall have a continuous rating at least equal to 1.05 times the generator
maximum continuous kVA rating.
3) [O] Transformer primary and main secondary circuit breakers shall have a continuous rating at least
equal to the maximum forced-cooled rating of the transformer. If a primary breaker supplies a feeder
supplying more than one transformer, its rating shall at least equal the summation of the maximum
forced-cooled ratings of all secondary-selective and spot-network substation transformers plus the
self-cooled rating of all radial substation transformers supplied by the feeder. Circuit breaker
continuous rating shall not be less than the 15-minute adjusted maximum demand imposed on the
breaker.

4) Feeder circuit breakers or incoming circuit breakers supplying busses shall have a continuous rating
equal to the adjusted maximum demand of the total load supplied from the bus. For secondary-
selective substations, adjusted maximum demand shall be determined with the bus tie breaker closed.
5) [O] Bus tie circuit breakers in secondary-selective and spot-network substations shall have a
continuous capacity equal to the incoming line circuit breaker.
6) [O] Circuit breakers used as motor controllers shall have a continuous capacity of at least:
a) 1.15 times the motor full load current for motors having a continuous overload capability/service
factor of 1.0, or
b) 1.25 times the motor full load current for motors having a 1.15 continuous overload
capability/service factor
7) [R] For secondary-selective substations, the interrupting and momentary ratings shall be calculated
with one incoming line breaker open and the bus tie breaker closed. For spot-network substations, the
ratings shall be calculated with the bus tie and both incoming line breakers all closed.
8) [S] Interrupting rating shall be adequate for the maximum calculated future maximum source short
circuit level.
9) [S] Momentary rating shall be adequate for the maximum source short circuit level plus a normal
motor load equal to the transformer forced-cooled rating.
10) [R] Switchgear shall be considered to have no emergency overload rating above its normal rating.
6.3. Power Cable Sizing

1) [R] 15-minute maximum demand shall be the basis for cable ampacity.
2) [R] A bus feeder supplying a radial bus from a source that is not in the same or adjacent room (or
outdoor switchgear assembly) with the bus it supplies shall have an ampacity not less than the
adjusted maximum demand on the bus. Bus adjusted maximum demand shall be equal to the total
maximum demand of all loads (except transformers) supplied from the bus, plus the forced-cooled
ratings of all transformers supplied from the bus (the rating of only one transformer shall be included
when both transformers of secondary-selective and spot-network substations are supplied from the
same bus).
Cable or bus duct used as feeders to supply a substation sub-bus from an upstream bus that is located
in the same room or adjacent room (or outdoor switchgear assembly) shall have an ampacity at least
equal to the downstream bus rating. An example would be feeders supplying motor control centers
and turnaround power centers from switchgear in the same room.
3) [O] Transformer feeders shall have an ampacity not less than the transformer maximum forced-cooled
rating. When a feeder supplies more than one transformer, its rating shall be at least equal to the
summation of the maximum forced-cooled ratings of all secondary-selective and spot-network
substations plus the self cooled rating of all radial substation transformers supplied by the feeder.
4) [O] Lighting feeders feeding lighting panels shall have an ampacity not less than the ampacity of the
lighting panel.
5) * [R], [C] Short circuit withstand: feeders to busses and power transformers above 1000 volts shall
be sized to withstand short circuit thermal stress without damage to the feeders. The maximum short
circuit level of the supply and clearing time of the feeder protective device shall be used to determine

this condition. Unless otherwise specified, cable at 1000 V and below, and feeders to motors above
1000 V, shall not be increased in size because of short circuit duty.
6) * [O] Circuit ampacity for each cable shall be based on the cable vendor's published ampacities, and
then derated for installation method utilized and site conditions. Derating for multi-circuit
installations shall be based on Neher-McGrath procedures (or equivalent) as referenced in IEEE 835
(IEEE 835 INTRO). The rating basis and proposed cable ampacities shall be submitted to the
Owner's Engineer for approval.
6.4. Terminal Voltage and Voltage Drop

1) * [O] Voltage spread at motor terminals of three phase motors shall be within the rated full-load
voltage tolerance of the motors. Any proposal to operate outside a ±5 percent motor voltage
tolerance, when acceptable by NEMA C84.1 or IEC 60034-1, shall be approved by the Owner's
Engineer.
2) [O] Voltage spread at lighting fixtures shall not exceed ±5 percent of rated lamp or ballast voltage.
3) [O] Voltage drop in cables shall not exceed the following, in percent of system nominal line-to-
neutral voltage.
a) All motor feeders—5 percent at full load current, including total voltage drop in sub-bus feeder if
any
b) Feeders of motors which are to reaccelerate automatically—10 percent at full-voltage locked
rotor current including total voltage drop in sub-bus feeder if any
c) Lighting feeders—1 percent
d) Lighting branch circuits—2 percent
4) [O] Overall system voltage drops during automatic reacceleration of motors shall not be allowed to
fall below 80 percent of bus nominal voltage without approval of Owner's Engineer. In all cases:
a) * Voltage drops at busses shall not exceed values which cause magnetically held contactors (and
any auxiliary relays which control the contactor operation) supplied from the busses to chatter or
drop out, shall not exceed values which prevent the contactors from remaining closed
successfully while carrying motor locked rotor current during reacceleration, and shall not exceed
values which would prevent 'later step' contactors from picking up (reclosing).
b) Voltage drops at the terminals of all reaccelerating motors shall not exceed values that prevent the
motors from reaccelerating their loads to full speed without damage to the motors.
c) Voltage drops at the terminals of all running motors shall not exceed values that cause the motor
to stall.
5) [O] Voltage drop calculations shall be based on the minimum short circuit level of the supply.
7. Component Type Selection

7.1. Power Transformers
1) [R] Power transformers for outdoor locations shall be oil immersed.

2) [S] Power transformers for indoor locations, supplying process units, shall be of the non-flammable
liquid filled type. Other power transformers for indoor locations, supplying general service type
loads such as shops or office buildings, shall be as follows:
a) For clean above grade locations: ventilated dry type
b) For dirty or below grade locations: hermetically sealed dry type
c) When dry types are not available: the non-flammable liquid type
3) [R] Enclosed terminals and connections are required for all power transformers except as follows:
a) Transformers fed by bare wire lines
b) Transformers in open bus switchyards
7.2. Lighting Transformers

1) [R] Lighting transformer primary and secondary terminals shall be enclosed in junction boxes or a
common terminal chamber having adequate wiring space for connections. All primary and secondary
leads shall be fully insulated and brought outside the transformer.
2) * [O] Lighting transformer taps. Unless otherwise specified, lighting transformers shall have two
full-capacity 5 percent primary voltage taps below the rated primary voltage. For installations where
high primary voltage is expected at the transformer, taps shall be arranged one above and one below
primary voltage.
7.3. Metalclad Switchgear

1) * [O], [C] Outdoor switchgear when specified, shall be of the protected aisle (walk-in) type.
2) * [R] Medium-voltage switchgear circuit breakers shall be vacuum or SF6. Other types of circuit
breakers shall require Owner's Engineer's approval.
7.4. Motor Controllers

1) [I] Controller requirements are specifically outlined for squirrel cage induction motors; however, all
applicable requirements of this Section shall be followed in selecting controllers for other motor
types.
2) * Individual controllers are required unless otherwise specified.
3) * [O] Thermal overload relays in controllers shall be of the ambient compensated type if necessary to
prevent nuisance tripping for installations where the motor they protect is in a relatively constant
ambient and the controller is subject to a varying ambient. Electronic overload relays may be used
with Owner's Engineer's approval.
4) [O] Overload relays for motor controllers shall be hand-reset type.
5) [S] Electric motor valve actuators: Controllers for block valves designated as EBV Type C or Type
D, used in emergency isolation or shutdown and vapor blowdown services, shall meet the following:
a) Motor overload protection if furnished, shall be deactivated.
b) Separate overcurrent protection for control circuit conductors, if furnished, shall be deactivated.
c) Separate overcurrent protection for control power transformers, if furnished, shall be deactivated.

7.5. Medium Voltage Motor Controllers (1001 V to 7200 V)

1) [R] Latched or magnetically-held vacuum or SF6 contactors are acceptable. Other types of contactors
require Owner's Engineer's approval.
2) [R] Electrically operated drawout circuit breakers located in medium voltage switchgear are
acceptable.
7.6. Low Voltage Motor Controllers (1000 V and Below)

1) [R] Electrically operated drawout air circuit breakers are acceptable. Owner's Engineer's approval is
required for frequently started motors.
2) [R] Magnetically operated starters with disconnecting device are acceptable.
3) * [S] Motor starter disconnecting devices shall be manually operated fused air-break switches or air
circuit breakers as specified. Switches shall have been demonstrated to be capable of closing safely
on any fault let through by the fuses.
4) [S] Disconnecting devices shall be capable of interrupting motor locked rotor current.
5) * [R] With approval from Owner's Engineer, an individual disconnect device may be used to supply
starters for two or more motors under the following conditions, provided that use of the common
device does not reduce the flexibility of maintenance or operation:
a) Where a number of motors drive several parts of a single machine or piece of apparatus.
b) Terminal boxes, link boxes, and similar distribution points used to supply multiple motors from a
single disconnect device shall be mounted in an accessible location and clearly labeled to identify
each motor supplied from that point.
8. Control Circuits
8.1. Switchgear Control Power
1) * [R] A common control power source may be used only for two or more switchgear assemblies
located inside the same substation building, or for two or more adjacent outdoor switchgear
equipments. Additional or redundant control power sources shall be provided only when specified.
2) [O] Acceptable systems are as follows:
a) DC close, DC trip.
b) AC close, DC trip.
c) * AC close, capacitor trip (requires approval by the Owner's Engineer for each application).
d) AC close, AC trip (only for remote operated low voltage breakers with direct acting trips).
3) [O], [R] In secondary-selective or spot-network substations, if AC closing is used, control power shall
be arranged to maintain power at the tie breaker under all switching conditions.
4) [R] DC Control power shall be supplied by batteries and chargers.
5) [I] Flooded cell lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries are acceptable.

6) [R] Battery capacity at minimum design ambient temperature, usually 41°F (5°C), shall be capable of
supplying the following loads for eight hours with the charger off:
a) Switchgear normal loads (relays, pilot lights)
b) Emergency lighting loads (if any)
and then permit the more demanding of the following breaker operations:
i) Close (or trip, in the case of tripping batteries) all breakers in rapid succession with a
minimum time interval of 3 seconds between breaker closing operations.
ii) Simultaneous automatic transfers of all secondary-selective substations whose breakers
receive control power from the battery.
7) [M] Batteries for control power shall have covers, which are sealed to the cell jar or container.
Covers shall also be sealed at terminal posts. Vent plugs shall be sprayproof and flame arresting.
8) [O] Automatic chargers shall be provided for batteries. Chargers shall be of the solid-state type,
capable of rated output with input voltage tolerance of ±10 percent and input frequency tolerance of
±5 percent. Chargers shall have output filters capable of reducing the output voltage ripple below
electronic relaying requirements, or have a maximum peak-to-peak ripple of ±5 percent whichever is
smaller, both with the battery disconnected. Chargers shall be capable of recharging fully discharged
batteries within 24 hours, while supplying the normal load requirements.
9) [O] Chargers for lead acid batteries shall have adjustable controlled voltage for recharging,
equalizing, and floating operations. Output shall be equal to the battery continuous load (including
emergency lighting, if any, inadvertently left on) plus 30 to 35 percent of the battery 8-hour discharge
rate. Charger shall have DC voltmeter and a battery charge-discharge ammeter with zero center scale.
10) [O] Chargers for nickel cadmium batteries shall have the same features as lead acid battery chargers
except that they shall have adjustable constant current for initial recharge, with automatic change to
adjustable controlled voltage for end-of-charge, floating, and equalizing.
11) [R], [M] Distribution panel and ground detector shall be provided for each control battery. The panel
shall also provide circuit breakers or fused disconnect switches for battery main leads and for each
feeder, including feeders supplying the charger, test and inspection station, and each switchgear
control power bus. Feeder circuit breakers shall be of the bolt-on type, magnetic trip only, and rated
for the maximum short circuit.
12) [O], [R] Feeder circuit breaker trip elements or fuses provided in the battery distribution panel shall
be selective with the branch circuit protective devices in the switchgear. Battery main disconnect
protective device shall be selective with the panel feeder devices, and, if a breaker, may be non-
automatic.
13) [O] Ground detector shall have a pilot light or meter indication for ground faults in the control power
system.
8.2. Motor Control Circuits

1) * [S] For electrically operated motor starters, the control circuit shall include a local control station
that is in sight of and near the motor on the side opposite the power cable entry. The control circuit
shall include the following:
a) For motors controlled by an automatic device (such as a level controller), the local control station
shall include a selector switch with three maintained positions labeled HAND-OFF-AUTO, and a
start button that can operate only when the selector switch is in the HAND position. There shall

be provision for padlocking the selector switch in the OFF position. Other arrangements
providing the equivalent control may be proposed for Owner Engineer's approval.
b) For other motors, the local control station shall be START-STOP type, and when specified, the
control station shall be lockable in the STOP position.
c) Undervoltage protection shall be provided for all motors having latched electrically operated
controllers, except undervoltage release may be provided for applications where instantaneous
automatic restart after a voltage dip or loss of any duration will not endanger personnel or cause
equipment damage. Such applications shall be reviewed by the Owner's Engineer.
Note: Motors having undervoltage release will reaccelerate in the first reacceleration step. The total
hp (kW) of motors having undervoltage release may be limited by voltage drop.
2) [S] Control circuits and control stations for Electric Motor Valve Actuators designated as EBV Type
C or Type D used in depressuring service, shall meet the following:
a) * Open-close control circuits from the control room (or house) shall be directly hardwired into the
valve actuator.
b) The local open-close control station shall be hardwired into the valve actuator i.e., in parallel with
the control room (or house) control circuits.
c) Selector or control disconnect switches shall not be permitted in these control circuits.
d) A nameplate shall be mounted at the local control station for each emergency valve. It shall be
engraved, white on red background, and shall read as follows:
CAUTION:
EMERGENCY VALVE MOTOR HAS NO OVERLOAD PROTECTION
3) * [S] When the selector switch bypasses safety devices in the HAND position, prior approval must
first be obtained from the Owner's Engineer. A legible nameplate shall be mounted at the selector
switch. The nameplate shall be engraved as follows (white letters on red background):
WARNING:
PROTECTION AGAINST (---describe conditions---)
BYPASSED WHEN OPERATING IN "HAND" POSITION
The HAND position shall not bypass motor trip functions such as low lube oil pressure or low
cooling water flow.
4) * [S] Where remote start/stop control stations are provided to control a motor in addition to the local
station, a legible nameplate shall be mounted at the local station engraved as follows (white letters on
red background).
WARNING:
MOTOR CAN BE STARTED FROM REMOTE STATIONS, ENSURE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
TO MOTOR IS DEENERGIZED AND LOCKED OPEN BEFORE WORKING ON MOTOR OR
DRIVEN EQUIPMENT
5) * [M], [C] When remote start/stop signals to motor controllers originate in a digital instrument or
programmable controller system, contractor shall standardize on a single type of contact provided to
the motor control circuit by the remote system. Proposals must be approved by the Owner's Engineer.

6) [O] Start-stop control stations for all motors shall be arranged so that momentary operation of the stop
button stops the motor. Arrangements where it is necessary to hold the stop position for the set time
of the motor undervoltage device are not acceptable, even if a mechanically-latched control station is
used.
7) * Control stations shall be either push-button or rotary shaft/rocker arm operated. Control station
type and design shall conform to plant standard design.
8) [O] Guards: Control stations shall be guarded against accidental operation, either through design or
by field-mounted guards. Non-actuation when a push-button is depressed flush with the surrounding
ring constitutes adequate guarding. Except in control rooms, guarding shall not prevent intentional
operation with gloved hand.
9) [O] Motors on elevated equipment, such as air fin coolers and cooling tower fans, shall be controlled
from grade-mounted control stations equipped with pilot lights. Lights are not required in locations
where rotation of the driven equipment can be easily seen from the grade-mounted control station
location. This control station is in addition to the requirement of Section 8.2, Item 2a.
10) [O] Emergency stop control stations on control house panels or similar panels shall meet the
following:
a) Guards shall cover the operating button or arm.
b) Control shall be of the maintained contact type.
c) Control wiring shall run directly from the control station to the motor controller. Wiring shall not
be routed through the motor location.
11) [R] Motor space heaters when furnished shall be controlled by an auxiliary contact of the motor
controller. Heaters shall be automatically deenergized when the motor is running and automatically
energized when the motor is not running. The auxiliary contact shall remain closed or be
automatically bypassed when the starting device is in the test or withdrawn position. A manually
operated disconnect switch shall be provided adjacent to the motor to deenergize the space heaters.
12) * [R] Pilot lights shall be cluster LEDs unless specified otherwise.
9. Power for Turnaround

1) [O], [M] Turnaround power center—For substations serving process units that are subject to periodic
shutdown (turnaround) for maintenance and repair, essential services required during such shutdown
shall be segregated from services required during normal operation. Examples of loads to be served
by turnaround power centers and by control centers are as follows:
Turnaround Power Center Motor Control Centers

Lighting Process equipment drivers
Welding Process heaters
Convenience outlets Desalters
Elevator and hoists Precipitators
Switchgear battery charger Transformer fan supply

Turnaround Power Center Motor Control Centers

Switchgear space heaters Tap changer supply
Motor space heaters
Electric Tracing
Note: Process and shutdown systems shall not be supplied from the turnaround power center.
2) [M] Supply to turnaround power centers in radial substations shall be radial. For secondary-selective
and spot-network substations, the turnaround power center shall have an alternative supply with
separate feeders from each main bus with manual transfer and interlocking against paralleling the
main busses.
3) [I] Motor control center type construction shall be used for turnaround power centers.
10. Metering
1) [O] Meters shall be switchboard type with 1 percent accuracy and as follows:
a) Voltmeters shall be expanded scale type.
b) Instantaneous reading ammeters and voltmeters shall have a scale length of at least 5 in. (125
mm).
2) [O] An indicating voltmeter with 4-position transfer switch (1-2, 2-3, 3-1, off) shall be provided in the
main switchgear (or control center if switchgear not used) of each substation (including transformer-
fed turnaround power centers) with voltage 208 or higher. For ungrounded neutral or high impedance
grounded neutral substations, the transfer switch shall also permit indication of the phase-to-neutral
voltage of each phase. Voltmeter shall be connected to:
a) The secondary side of substations having transformers.
b) The incoming line side of main secondary or incoming breakers (if furnished) in radial
substations to permit reading both incoming and bus voltage. Voltmeters shall also be provided
in radial substations not having main secondary or incoming breakers.
c) Each bus of secondary-selective and spot-network substations.
3) [O] A triplexed indicating ammeter or single ammeter with 4-position transfer switch (1, 2, 3, off)
shall be provided in each incoming line of the main switchgear (or control center if switchgear not
used) of each substation rated 500 kVA or larger, to indicate substation load. Ammeter range shall be
chosen based on design maximum load rather than switchgear capacity, and shall be connected on the
secondary side of substations having transformers.
4) * [O] Watthour demand metering shall be provided in each substation 500 kVA or larger. For
secondary-selective and spot-network substations, this metering shall be a 4-stator unit totalizing both
infeeds. Demand interval shall be 60 minutes if available, otherwise 30 minutes. With Owner's
Engineer's approval, summation CT's may be used to supply a standard watthour demand meter.
5) [S] Remote devices: Where current transformers supply remote devices, such as ammeters or
wattmeters mounted on control house panels (or similar panels), it is preferred that a transducer be
provided at the current transformer location to supply a low level signal to operate the remote device.

Remote devices may be supplied directly from current transformers only with the Owner's Engineer's
approval, and when so supplied, the secondary leads of the current transformers shall be identified by
a legible warning nameplate. A nameplate shall be located at all circuit terminal points at the panel,
and on the rear of the instrument, engraved as follows (white letters on red background):
WARNING
CURRENT TRANSFORMER SECONDARY LEADS
HIGH VOLTAGE POSSIBLE IF DISCONNECTED
6) [O], [R] Remote devices shall not be directly supplied from current transformers that are connected to
protective relaying.
7) [O], [R] Potential transformers secondary leads supplying remote meters shall be individually fused at
the potential transformer location.
8) * [O] When specified, a power system disturbance recorder shall be provided to monitor and record
system conditions prior to, at the time of, and following a fault or system disturbance. Points and
parameters to be monitored shall be specified or approved by the Owner's Engineer.
11. Alarms
1) [O] Location of alarms other than substation alarms specified in this GP shall be as follows:
a) Alarms shall be located in the control house or control room of the plant in which the equipment
is located or serves.
b) Alarms, which supervise equipment serving two or more plants, shall be located in the unit
control house or room closest to the equipment.
2) [O] Positive pressure ventilation alarm shall be provided for each pressure ventilated building or
room as follows:
a) Alarm shall be actuated by a switch sensitive to differential pressure and shall operate for loss of
pressure inside the building or room.
b) Switch shall be mounted indoors on an outside wall approximately 7 ft (2 m) above floor level.
The opening to the outside shall be protected to minimize the effect of wind and prevent entrance
of water.
c) Alarm shall have sufficient time delay to avoid indication during momentary losses of pressure
such as occurs when the building door is opened for entrance or exit of personnel.
11.1. Substation Alarms

1) [O] Bus tie alarms shall be provided as follows:
a) For each secondary-selective substation, to give abnormal indication whenever the breaker is
closed or not in operating position.
b) For each spot-network substation, to give abnormal indication whenever the bus sectionalizing
device is open or not in operating position.
2) [O] For the two incoming circuit breakers of each spot-network substation, a single alarm shall be
provided, giving abnormal indication whenever either breaker is open or not in operating position.

3) [R] Transformers rated 500 kVA and larger shall be provided with an alarm as follows:
a) Alarm shall be actuated by contacts in the liquid temperature thermometer and shall give
abnormal indication whenever the transformer reaches its maximum self-cooled operating
temperature as indicated by the thermometer.
b) An alarm for each transformer with 2-float Buchholz relay, to be actuated by slow gas
accumulation.
4) [O] Switchgear control power alarms shall be provided as follows:
a) Control battery charger alarms as listed below for each substation control battery:
i) Loss of AC to battery charger: the detecting device shall be connected to the load side of
the protective device or switch (including devices internal to the charger) closest to the
charger in the supply circuit.
ii) Low battery charger DC output voltage.
iii) High battery charger DC output voltage.
iv) Low battery voltage.
b) Ground fault alarm actuated by contacts in the control power system ground detector.
c) * Voltage for control power busses shall be supervised by normally energized auxiliary relays
located inside the switchgear assembly per GP 16-12-01. When specified, a separate relay shall
be provided for each cell in the switchgear lineup to monitor separately the trip and close control
power circuits and to initiate a single control power loss alarm. The relays shall be installed on
the secondary side of the control power fuse(s).
d) A common alarm for microprocessor-based protective relays and similar equipment, featuring
fail-safe alarm contacts controlled by watchdog timers or other self-diagnostics.
e) Each circuit supplying power to electronic relays if not otherwise alarmed above.
5) [O] An annunciator or individual alarm units shall be located in the substation to supervise each of the
substation alarm conditions. Annunciator or alarm units shall be sized so that all alarms can be
indicating continuously.
6) [R] All alarms shall conform to the following:
a) Flasher units and relays used in annunciator cabinets shall be plug-in type.
b) Alarm systems shall be fail-safe type utilizing contacts designed to open to initiate alarm.
c) Annunciators may be solid state type, of modular construction.
d) Acknowledge and lamp test switches shall be provided for each annunciator cabinet.
e) An audible alarm shall be provided.
f) Annunciator sequence designation shall be F3A per ISA 18.1 and shall be equipped with first out
and reflash features.
7) [O], [C] A single alarm shall be located in the control room (or house) to supervise substation alarm
conditions described in Section 11.1, Items 1 through 4, and Section 11, Item 2 if applicable. After an
alarm has been initiated and the single alarm in the control room has been acknowledged, a
subsequent alarm in the substation, even if the first has not been acknowledged, shall re-initiate the
control room alarm.
8) [O] Smoke detector alarms shall be provided for each room within indoor substation buildings and
within outdoor substations of the protected aisle type. Individual alarms for each room, separate from

the alarm in Item 7 of this Section shall be located in the control room (or house) to supervise the
smoke detectors.
11.2. Motor Alarms

1) * [O] Motor alarms, when required, shall be provided as shown in Table 3. Alarms shall be located in
the control room (or house) unless specified otherwise.
Table 3: Motor Alarm Requirements
Alarm Required for Motors

Alarm Function Alarm Actuated by:
Having:
Bearing high Bearing temperature relays Bearing temperature relay contacts. A
temperature single alarm may be provided to
actuate if either or both relays operate
Winding high Resistance temperature Contacts in winding temperature
temperature detectors indicating controller
Air (or gas) low Pressurized motor enclosure, or Flow sensing device located in air
pressure pressurized commutator or slip supply duct
ring enclosure
Air low pressure Forced ventilated motor Flow sensing device located in air
enclosure, or forced ventilated supply duct
commutator or slip ring
enclosure
Air high pressure Air filters Differential pressure switch
Water leakage TEWAC enclosure having Float switch in collecting pan external
double tube cooler inside the to the motor to sense water draining
motor enclosure from tube annulus
Water high or low flow TEWAC enclosure Flow sensing device located in water
supply line to motor cooler
* Motor-off (When specified) Auxiliary contact of motor controller.
A second contact of motor stop button
shall prevent operation of alarm when
motor is shutdown at its control station
* Motor-on (When specified) Auxiliary contact of motor controller.
2) [O] Operating sequence of motor-off alarm shall be:

a) Motor running-light out and horn silent
b) Motor shutdown from control station-light on steady and horn silent
c) Motor shutdown by other means-light on and flashing, and horn sounding

11.3. Alarm for Emergency Valve Motor Actuators

[S] An alarm shall be provided for each remote bus supplying motor actuators for block valves designated
as EBV Type C or Type D used in emergency isolation, shutdown, or depressurizing services. The alarm
shall supervise bus voltage and shall be actuated by contacts of a normally energized supervisory relay at
the valve bus and shall operate on loss of voltage. The alarms shall be located in the control room (or
house).
12. Welding Supply

[R] Feeders supplying welding terminal boxes and outlets shall be sized based on a 0.4 demand factor.
12.1. Welding Terminal Boxes

1) [O] Welding terminal boxes shall be furnished as follows:
a) Within process unit areas: the minimum number of grade-mounted boxes required shall be based
on plot area as shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Welding Terminal Boxes Required
Plot Area Minimum Number of Boxes (1)
ft2 x 103 m2 Per Unit of Area
up to 20 up to 1900 1
over 20 to 60 over 1900 to 5600 1 per every 20000 ft2 (1900 m2)
over 60 to 150 over 5600 to 14000 3 plus 1 per every 30,000 ft2 (2800 m2) over 60000 ft2
over 150 over 14000 6 plus 1 every 40000 ft2 (3700 m2) over 150,000 ft2
Note (1) Fractions less than 0.5 shall be dropped and fractions of 0.5 and larger shall be
increased to one.
b) * Outside of process unit areas. Requirements will be specified.

2) [O] Location of welding terminal boxes shall be as follows:
a) Grade-mounted boxes shall be located at the process unit limits. Location shall be such that
grouping of welding machines will not congest accessways. The anticipated runs of DC welding
cable shall not exceed 200 ft (60 m).
b) Welding boxes shall be located on platforms in process unit structures if the structure height
makes it impractical to supply welding machines from grade-mounted boxes.
c) The centerline elevation of boxes above grade or platform shall be about 3 ft 6 in. (1050 mm).
d) Final number, location of welding terminal boxes, and outlets shall be reviewed by the Owner's
Engineer.
3) [O] Welding terminal boxes shall provide three-phase AC to supply Owner's portable welding outlet
racks or individual welding machines via temporary cables. Boxes shall be weatherproof and fitted

with terminals to allow lug type connections. Box size and terminal design shall allow ample space
to make safe reliable connection.
12.2. Welding Outlets

1) * [C] Welding outlets shall not be furnished unless specified. When required for new work in
existing plants, outlets shall be per Owner's standard (i.e., type or catalog number, number of plugs).
Details will be furnished by the Owner's Engineer.
When outlets are provided, welding terminal boxes shall not be furnished unless specified.
2) [O] Location of welding outlets within process unit areas shall be as required by this GP for welding
terminal boxes. Two outlets shall be provided at each location. The final number and location of
outlets shall be reviewed by the Owner's Engineer.
13. Convenience Outlets

1) [O], [M] Convenience outlets shall be provided to serve portable lights and tools for maintenance of
outdoor installations of equipment and facilities as follows:
a) Within process unit areas: outlets shall be located within 30 ft (9 m) of the equipment to be
serviced (tower manholes, inspection openings, etc.), and at about 3 ft 6 in. (1050 mm) above
grade or platform.
b) * Outside process areas only to the extent specified.
c) The final number and location of outlets shall be reviewed by the Owner's Engineer.
2) [S] Convenience outlets shall be single-phase AC. They shall have a separate contact for connection
to the grounding pole in the plug. Ground contacts in plugs and receptacles shall be arranged so that
the grounding circuit is made first and broken last.
* Voltage will be specified.
3) [M] Convenience outlets in buildings shall be provided, as required, to supply electrical equipment
not supplied by permanent wiring, and to serve portable electrical devices.
4) [M] Outlet type selection shall be based on the following:
a) The type shall be suitable for the area classification and the environmental exposure.
b) For outdoor installation: to permit the use of one plug type for all outlets in any area
classification.
c) * For new work in existing plants, outlets must accept the Owner's existing plugs. Details will be
furnished by the Owner's Engineer.
5) [S] Outdoor outlets shall meet the following:
a) Plug shall have shrouded contacts, so that contacts remain enclosed until the circuit is broken.
b) Plugs shall be held in the plugged-in position by locking rings, twist lugs, or equivalent.
c) Arcs resulting from breaking loads shall be contained by one of the following: an interlocked
switch may be furnished with or as a part of the receptacle, so that plug may be inserted or
withdrawn only off load. Alternatively, plug and receptacle may incorporate arc quenching

design of the main contacts, with means of delaying full withdrawal until the arc is completely
extinguished.

Record of Change
Version 1.0.0 Date: 12/01
Location Action Description
Initial Publish.

Global Practice version number and format updated to comply with new
process; however, original publish date remains, and no content was
modified.

Section 4.1 Modifications Item (3) First 2 sentences were deleted. The following sentence was
inserted: "Preferred tools include PTW32, ETAP and PSS/E (others
require approval of Owner Engineer." Last sentence was modified
Item (8b) "Sheath currents" was added to the list for derating factors.
Item (8g) Item on cable shields was added.
Item (9d) Item on logic diagrams was inserted and subsequent items were
renumbered.
Item (10) Last sentence was deleted.
Item (11) Item on microprocessor–based relays was inserted and
subsequent items were renumbered.
Item (12) In the last sentence, the word "computer" was deleted.
Section 8.2, Modification Rationale for the Item was modified to include "control station."
Item (1c)

Section 11.1, Modification ISA Alarm Sequence B was changed to designation F3A per ISA 18.1.
Item (6f)

Attachment: Purpose Codes Definitions

Code Description
C Assigned to paragraphs containing specifications whose primary purpose is reduced costs.
Reduced cost in this context refers to initial investment cost and does not include Life-Cycle
cost considerations. Life-Cycle cost considerations are captured under reliability,
maintainability, or operability purpose codes.
E Assigned to paragraphs containing specifications whose primary purpose is driven by
environmental considerations. Environmental considerations typically include specifications
intended to protect against emissions/leakage to the air, water, and/or soil. Deviations from the
specifications contained in such paragraphs require formal review and approval according to
local environmental policy.
I Assigned to paragraphs that provide only clarifying information such as Scope statements,
definitions of terms, etc.
M Assigned to paragraphs containing specifications whose primary purpose is to provide for
maintainability of equipment or systems. Maintainability provisions are those that facilitate the
performance of maintenance on equipment/systems either during downtimes or during on-
stream operations.
O Assigned to paragraphs containing specifications whose primary purpose is to assure
operability of equipment or systems. Operability is the ability of the equipment/system to
perform satisfactorily even though conditions are off-design, such as during startups, process
swings, subcomponent malfunction, etc.
R Assigned to paragraphs containing specifications whose primary purpose is to improve or
assure the reliability of equipment or systems. Reliability is a measure of the ability of
equipment/systems to operate without malfunction or failure between planned maintenance
interventions.
S Assigned to paragraphs containing specifications whose primary purpose is avoidance of
personnel or operational safety incidents. Any deviation from the specifications contained in
such designated paragraphs requires formal review and approval according to local safety
policy.
Personnel Safety: Refers to the avoidance of recordable personnel injuries; i.e., burns, cuts,
abrasions, inhalation, or exposure to dangerous substances, etc., that
could result in medical treatment, restricted work, lost-time incidents, or
fatalities.
Operational Refers to the prevention and control of process releases, fires, explosions,
Safety: etc.

GP-16!02!01 Power System Design

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GP 16-02-01 Power System Design February 2010

Power System Design

Refining/Chemicals For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 1 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

Table of Tables .............................................................................................................. 4

1. Required References ............................................................................................ 5

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 2 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

7.1. Power Transformers ................................................................................... 24

10. Metering ............................................................................................................... 30

11. Alarms .................................................................................................................. 31

Record of Change ....................................................................................................... 37

Attachment: Purpose Codes Definitions.................................................................. 38

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 3 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

Table 1: Major Equipment Ratings.............................................................................. 9

Table 2: Selectivity and Backup Protection ............................................................. 19

Table 3: Motor Alarm Requirements ......................................................................... 33

Table 4: Welding Terminal Boxes Required ............................................................. 34

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 4 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

1.1. Global Practices–ExxonMobil Engineering Practices

2.1. IEC–International Electrotechnical Commission

2.2. IEEE–Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

2.3. ISA–The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 5 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

2.4. NEMA–National Electrical Manufacturers Association

2.5. NFPA–National Fire Protection Association

2.6. Other Publications

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 6 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

Term [I] Description

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 7 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

Term [I] Description

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 8 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

Table 1: Major Equipment Ratings

Major Equipment Ratings to be Shown on One-Line Diagrams

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 9 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

e) Cable sizing basis

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

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RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 11 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 12 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

5. Power System Arrangement and Protection

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 13 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

5.2. Neutral Grounding

Page 14 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

c) * When specified, through high resistance at 1000 volts and below.

5.3. Tapped Feeders

RFCH For ExxonMobil Use Only Version 2.1.0

Page 15 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

5.4. Protection of Primary-Fused Transformers

5.5. Main Secondary and Incoming Breakers

Page 16 of 38 ExxonMobil Development Company

a) Primary breaker in same room

5.6. Other Transformer Relaying

5.7. Substation Bus Arrangements