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SECTION P.1 : THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM
The Real Number System
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P.1THE REAL NUMBER SYSTEM
• Sets
• Union and Intersection of Sets
• Interval Notation
• Absolute Value and Distance
• Exponential Expression
• Simplifying Variable Expressions
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SETS
Prime Composite
Divisible evenly only by (not a prime number)
1 and itself
For example:
for example:
2,3,5,7,11,13,17 4,6,8,9,10,12 6
Which of the following numbers are prime numbers?
i. 39
ii. 53
iii. 102
iv. 97
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WHOLE NUMBERS
𝑊 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … … … .
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INTEGERS
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INTEGERS
Why we call it Z ?
Zahlen
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RATIONAL NUMBERS
𝑝
Rational Numbers = , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 ≠ 0
𝑞
Examples:
3 5 8 2
, − , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
4 9 1 7
A rational number written as a fraction can be written as a decimal
by dividing the numerator by the denominator. The result is either a
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terminating decimal such as 0.45 = or a repeating decimal such
20
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as = 0.218181818…= 0.218
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IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
𝟓 𝟓 𝟏 𝟑𝟏 𝟒. 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟔𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟗𝟑 𝟓𝟏 𝝅 0.888…..
−𝟐
𝟕 𝟕 𝟐
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EXERCISE
−3 52 −27 𝑒
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2. 76 −1 97 −0.88888 … . .
3.9745618 … … . . −44 2
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SET-BUILDER NOTATION
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EXERCISES
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List the four smallest elements of each set.
𝑦|𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑥 ∈ integers
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List the four smallest elements of each set.
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UNION AND INTERSECTION OF TWO
SETS
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EXERCISES
𝐴∪𝐵=
(𝐴∩𝐵)∪(𝐴∩𝐶)=
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INTERVAL NOTATION
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EXERCISES
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Graph each set. Write sets given in interval notation in
set-builder notation, and write sets given in set-builder
notation in interval notation.
[𝟐, +∞)
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Graph each set. Write sets given in interval notation in
set-builder notation, and write sets given in set-builder
notation in interval notation.
(−∞, −𝟐)
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Graph each set. Write sets given in interval notation in
set-builder notation, and write sets given in set-builder
notation in interval notation.
[−𝟑, 𝟓)
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Graph each set. Write sets given in interval notation in
set-builder notation, and write sets given in set-builder
notation in interval notation.
(−𝟐, 𝟒]
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Graph each set. Write sets given in interval notation in
set-builder notation, and write sets given in set-builder
notation in interval notation.
{𝑥| 𝑥 < −1}
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Graph each set.
(−3, 1) ∪ (3, 5)
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Graph each set.
(−∞, 1] ∩ [1, ∞)
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Graph each set.
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ABSOLUTE VALUE AND DISTANCE
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EXERCISES
− −𝟓
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Write each expression without absolute value symbols.
−| − 𝟒|𝟐
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Write each expression without absolute value symbols.
𝟑 . −𝟒
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Write each expression without absolute value symbols.
𝟑 − −𝟕
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Write each expression without absolute value symbols.
𝝅𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎
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Write each expression without absolute value symbols.
|2𝑥| − |𝑥 − 1|, given 0 < 𝑥 < 1
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EXERCISE
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EXERCISE
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Use absolute value notation to describe the given
situation.
➢The distance between 𝑧 and 5 is 1.
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EXPONENTIAL EXPRESSION
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EXERCISES
−𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 − (𝟔 − 𝟕)𝟔
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Evaluate the expression.
−𝟔𝟑
−
(−𝟑)𝟒
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Evaluate the expression.
𝟐𝟖 ÷ (−𝟕 + 𝟓)𝟐
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EXERCISES
2 + 3(2𝑥 − 5)
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Simplify the variable expression.
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Simplify the variable expression.
−𝟐 𝟑
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 + (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)
𝟓 𝟒
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Simplify the variable expression.
𝟔 + 𝟑[𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 ]
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Simplify the variable expression.
𝟑 𝟏
𝟓𝒂 + 𝟐 − (𝟑𝒂 − 𝟓)
𝟒 𝟐
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EXERCISES
𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟔(−𝟑𝟐 − 𝟒𝟐 ) ÷ (−𝟏𝟓)
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Evaluate the variable expression:
𝑥 3 −𝑦 3
when 𝑥 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = −3
𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2
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Evaluate the variable expression:
(𝑥 + 2𝑦)2 −4𝑧 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 3 , 𝑦 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = −4
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