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Guys!!!
Jumbled letter
Yemogdprha
Demography
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Economic elements
owl-yilng liasdns
low-lying islands
 ELEMENT
EXPOSED TO
RISK
ELEMENT EXPOSED TO RISK

Element exposed to risk pertain to

anything which are susceptible
persons or properties to the
danger brought by any disaster
Some of the elements exposed to risk were
identified by CARDONA and Aalst in their
study,"Determine of Risk; Exposure and
Vulnerability." The identified element
include: the LOCAL, POPULATION,
BUILDINGS, BRIDGES and other
INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC SERVICES, and
utilities which are exposed in the area.
 A. PHYSICAL ELEMENTS

ELEMENTS B. SOCIAL ELEMENTS

EXPOSED C. ECONOMIC ELEMENTS

TO
RISK D. ENVIRONMENTAL
ELEMENTS
The different elements exposed to risk are briefly discussed below

A. PHYSICAL ELEMENTS
These elements comprises aspects of
geograph, location, place, and
physical structures like infrastructure
1. BUILDINGS
This photo was taken by Juan Carlo
de Vela. According to de Vela, this
Building needs urgent retrofitting
as it is found to be earthquake-
vulnerable. Cebu City Disaster Rizk
Reduction andd Management
Council also agreed to this
observation
2. BRIDGES

Picture shows the destroyed

Abatan Bridge in Bohol. This is one
of the damages caused by a 7.2
magniture earthquake in
October 16, 2013 which resulted
the death of 144 people
3. HOUSES

Some houses are built

based on cost-
affectivity with little
concern on disaster
safety
HERE ARE A. CONSULT ENGINEERS AND
ARCHITECTURE.
SOME
TIPS IN B. INSTALL DISASTER-
RESISTAND DESIGNS IN YOUR
BUILDING HOUSES.

DISASTER C. USE THE RIGHT MATERIAL

- SAFE
HOUSES D. IDENTIFY THE RIGHT
LOCATION FOR YOUR HOME
 A.CONSULT ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS.

Engineers and architects are the best person

who may determine the safety of your houses
as to construction and design.

For instance,some engineers would say that

four-sided slope roof of a house is the safest
and that canopies or eaves should be avoided.
 B.INSTALL DISASTER-RESISTANT
DESIGNS IN YOUR HOUSES.ARCHITECTS.

The use of storm shutters is advised by some

engineers. Storm shutters are usually made up
of thin sheets of metal which are placed in
front of glass windows and doors to mitigate
the effect of strong winds and rain during
typhoon and other disasters.
 C. USE THE RIGHT MATERIALSCHITECTS.

in building houses,do not tighten the

budget by sacrificing the quality of
materials needed during construction. You
may save money but the life of the family
may be endangered
The different elements exposed to risk are briefly discussed below

B. SOCIAL ELEMENTS
Social elements include
demography,social groups,and health
and well-being.
 1. DEMOGRAPHY
Demography pertains to the diversity of
people in the community as to age, gender,
health and others. The different types of
people that composes the entirety of the
population affects the extent of
susceptibility to disasters. Certain groups
may be in danger than others. For example,
the very young and old are more vulnerable
to extreme heat and cold.
Women are also more vulnerable
than men because they are
considered to be the weaker sex.
Children are definitely more
vulnerable than adult because of
their incapacity to decide and take
care of themselves especially in
times of disasters.
2. SOCIAL GROUP
Social groups exposed to
hazards include tourist, ethnic
groups, sports enthusiasts,
groups by reason of their
profession and women and
children who were not trained
and equipped to fight and
mitigate effects of disasters.
 A. TOURISTS.

Tourists are often victimized by man-made

disasters like terrorism and kidnapping. They
are also vulnerable to natural disasters as they
are not aware on the terrain and security
status of the place they are visiting. Some of
the incidence which shows tourists as victims
of disaster includes Sousse, Tunisia attack in
October 2015, the Titanic disaster, and the
Sipadan incident in the Philippines in 2000.
 B. ETHNIC GROUPS.

Ethnic groups are likewise exposed to hazard.

For instance, members of cultural minority may
be more vulnerable to natural disasters due to
communication barriers, the manner of building
their homes, resistant to embrace modern
method of weather forecasting, and the
remoteness of their community..
3. HEALTH AND WELL-
BEING
Health and well-being in the aspect of
disaster vulnerability refers to body
defenses and the physical capacity of the
person to cope with the effect of disasters.
People who are sick are more susceptible to
disasters than the healthy ones. Pregnant
women and their fetuses and infants are
high-risk groups, especially in contexts
where there are high risks of infectious and
parasitic diseases and under-nutrition..
 C. ECONOMIC ELEMENTS
Economic elements are those that belong to
the public and private sectors whose
businesses may be affected by disasters as
they are also exposed to hazards. These
elements, once exposed to hazard are
vulnerable to losses, indebtedness, production
loss, and others. People whose work and
livelihood are exposed to hazard will also have
direct effect to the economy.
 D. ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS

In the concept of disasters and

hazards, environmental elements
pertain to the natural resources and or
the misuse of public lands are the
following:
 1. LOW-LYING ISLANDS

BEFORE BEFORE: The port and shanty

housing in Tacloban city before
Friday's catastrophic events. In
the worst-hit areas, 235mph
winds created 20ft waves that
are thought to have killed
between 10,000 to 20,000 and
left 500,000 homeless.
 1. LOW-LYING ISLANDS

AFTER AFTER: This aerial photo

shows the devastation on
Victory Island off of the
town of Guiuan, in
Eastern Samar province,
Central Philippines.
2. COASTAL ZONES

Challenges of coastal relocation

in Culion, Palawan, Philippines..

The picture shows the coastal

community in Culion, Palawan which
may be assessed to be exposed from
tsunami and other
hydrometrological disasters.
3. MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS

Mountainous regions as shown in the

picture below are susceptible to
devastating effects of earthquakes and
landslides.

Houses on the higher reaches of

mountains destroyed by earthquake
as seen from a helicopter near
Dhadingbesti, Nepal, on April 29,
2015.
4. OCCUPANCY ON WATERWAYS

Picture above shows "squatting" in

Metro Manila along riverbanks
which causes the clogging of
waterways and exposing the
community into hazards like flood
THANK'S
FOR
LISTENING