Contents

PRONOUNCIATION.................................................................................................................................2
1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three
in pronunciation in each of the following questions................................................................................2
2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions....................................................................................2
VOCABULARY.........................................................................................................................................3
3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.................................................................................................................................3
4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions...........4
5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges......9
6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.........................................................................................................13
7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions............................................................................................14
READING COMPREHENSION..............................................................................................................15
1. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.............................15
2. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase..........................................................16
3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions......................................................................................................................................18
4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.....................................................................................................................................21
5. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions......................................................................................................................................23
6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following sentences...............................................................................................................................25
7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
given......................................................................................................................................................26
8. Choose the best sentence that can be made from the words given.....................................................28
WRITING.................................................................................................................................................29

1
PRONOUNCIATION
1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. capable B. available C. global D. climate
2. A. promote B. sensor C. insoluble D. pollution
3. A. urban B. infrastructure C. quality D. inhabitant
4. A. disturbed B. censored C. detected D. solved
5. A. promotes B. predicts C. wastes D. changes
6. A. current B. sustainable C. infrastructure D. rubbish
7. A. climate B. liveable C. city D. discussion
8. A. solar B. infrastructure C. designer D. focus
9. A. chorus B. cheap C. child D. change
10. A. urban B. sustainable C. infrastructure D. inhabitant
11. A. poverty B. conversion C. emergency D. assertion
12. A. sustainable B. maintenance C. mountainous D. mainly
13. A. prestigious B. source C. pouring D. mourning
14. A. insoluble B. development C. probable D. problematic
15. A. provable B. movement C. stove D. improvement

2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

1. A. forecast B. design C. ignore D. detect

2. A. resident B. occupy C. inhabit D. conference
3. A. ideal B. complete C. alive D. special
4. A. underground B. contrary C. quality D. pollution
5. A. soluble B. emphatic C. excellent D. probable
6. A. discuss B. upgrade C. explain D. decide
7. A. assignment B. attendance C. pollution D. privacy
2
8. A. sustainable B. optimistic C. pessimistic D. interactive
9. A. impact B. future C. effect D. lightning
10. A. environment B. infrastructure C. inhabitant D. community
11 .A. overcrowded B. renewable C. academic D. optimistic
12. A. habitant B. detector C. harmony D. quality
13. A. infrastructure B. sustainable C. responsible D. renewable
14. A. generate B. understand C. innovate D. maximize
15. A. limitation B. efficiency C. academy D. pedestrian

VOCABULARY
3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following sentences.

1. He complained about not being informed of the change of plan and insisted

A B C

on compensating for it.

2. With a view to extend relations with other countries, the government has

A B C

made every effort to welcome foreign investment.

3. Before steel and concrete was introduced as building materials, carpenters had

A B

3
played the major role in construction.

C D

4. Industrial wastes that man discharges them into the sea have a deleterious

A B C

effect on marine life.

5. The company is introducing a fire-prevention system that activated by any

A B C

small increase in temperature.

6. Many optimist people have made predictions about the positive impact of the

A B C

increasing mechanization on human life.

4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the

following questions.
1. If people__________ the rules, there are no more accidents.
A. follow B. take care of C. obey D. remember
2. Public__________ in my town is good and cheap.
A. transport B. tour C. journey D. travel
3. You should__________ right and left when you go across the roads.
A. see B. look C. be D. take
4. Hurry up or we can't __________ the last bus home today.

4
A. keep B. follow C. go D. catch
5. Exhaust _______ from cars are responsible for much of the air pollution in
cities.
A. fumes B. smokes C. gases D. smog
6. Local authorities should find ways to limit the use of private cars and
encourage city __________ to use public transport.
A. commuters B. planners C. dwellers D. people
7. Located about 60 km southwest of Seoul, this eco city has been planned
around a central park and designed so that every resident can walk to work in
the business __________
A. district B. area C. location D. organization
8. The waste ____ system here is also innovative. There are no rubbish trucks
or waste bins in the street.
A. dump B. disposal C. landfill D. throwaway
9. London is a/an __________ city. It's a melting pot for people from all parts
of the world.
A. international B. national C. metropolitan D. cosmopolitan
10. Cities in poorer countries often lack basic __________ .Without it, they are
unable to function properly as cities.
A. structure B. construction C. infrastructure D. condition
11. Unlike the country where the day often ends quite early in the evening, the
city offers its people exciting ____.
A. activities B. performances C. nightlife D. night clubs
12. The roads are terrible. I'm always getting ____ in traffic.
A. stuck B. lost C. exhausted D. late
13. We will need new technologies to generate ______energy and use it in
clean and safe ways, only from fully sources.
A. replaced B. controlled C. renewable D. endurable

5
14. As we move toward 2050, we are facing the consequences o f _____
urbanization and population growth.
A. promoting B. improving C. moving D. accelerating
15. New York has invested substantially in improving the_____of its
waterways in recent years.
A. quality B. quantity C. level D. feature
16. China has already been experimenting with ways to make its cities m
ore_____ for the last two decades.
A. sustain B. sustainable C. survival D. available
17. Optimistic people believe that city ____ will have a better live thanks to
important achievements in technology and medicine.
A. citizens B. locals C. dwellers D. occupants
18. Scientists are looking for ways to cut ____ the cost of renewable energy
sources.
A. back B. up C. off D. down
19. They really ripped us ____ at that hotel; they charged me a lot of money.
A. up B. off C. out D. into
20. If you need help, make no ____ to ask.
A. hesitation B. reluctance C. shyness D. embarrassment
21. The main goal of ____ planning is providing a healthier environment for
people living in the city.
A. livable B. urban C. rural D. sustainable
22. Many researchers claim that yoga practice and physical activities can
improve people's ____ of life.
A. quality B. infrastructure C. habitat D. pace
23. Vancouver is often considered to be one of the m ost______ cities in the
world.
A. fit B. liveable C. endurable D. suitable

6
24. Telecommunications and cloud computing will_____ transportation for
moving ideas and intellectual property.
A. change B. replace C. remove D. eliminate
25. They took ____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.
A. fruitful B. beneficial C. valid D. effective
26. In developing countries people are ____ into overcrowded cities in great
numbers.
A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying
27. There are other problems of city life which I don't propose to ____ at the
moment.
A. go into B. go around C. go for D. go up
28. Although it's fine for figures like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking to raise
____ about the dangers of artificial intelligence, the majority of computer
scientists agree that these problems are far away.
A. existence B. problem C. awareness D. idea
29. Speech ____ is the ability of the computer to understand a human talking to
it.
A. recommendation B. recognition C. acceptance D. realization
30. Smartphones are a great example of the ____ of artificial intelligence.
A. application B. request C. programme D. relation
31. I can’t give you this book because it ………….. mine. It belongs to Peter.
A. is B. isn’t C. was D. wasn’t
32. Her favorite occupation ………….. reading. She likes to read, and she
reads a lot.
A. is B. is being C. to be D. was
33. We had the roof ____ last year.
A. mend B. mending C. mended D. being mended
34. What happened? You ………….. terrible! Are you hurt?

7
A. are B. be C. feel D. look
35. She doesn't like having her picture ____.
A. take B. taken C. taking D. to take
36. He …………..a doctor after he graduated.
A. became B. is C. is getting D. will be
37. I'm sorry I'm late, but I ____ my watch ____ on the way here.
A. have/ cleaned B. had/ clean C. had/ cleaned D. had/ to clean
38. I’m sorry I said it. I ………….. so bad about it. Please forgive me.
A. appear B. feel C. look D. was
39. Your task …………..to do the exercise on page 7.
A. being B. got C. looked D. was
40. Please have the cleaner ____ this meeting room.
A. sweep B. swept C. sweeping D. to sweep
41. It ………….. late. I really have to go now. Thank you for a lovely time.
Goodbye!
A. goes B. is getting C. seemed D. was becoming
42. I'd like to have my shoes ____ at one.
A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired
43. She went upstairs to check on her children. They ………….. to be sleeping,
so she went to the kitchen to have some tea.
A. appeared B. are C. have grown D. seem
44.………….. so dark that they had to stop their search.
A. becomes B. felt C. gets D. grew
45. My grandmother had a tooth ____ last week.
A. fill B. filling C. filled D. to be filled
46. He ………….. tired to me. I told him to have some rest.
A. became B. got C. seemed D. was appearing
47. We had a professional photographer ____ pictures of everyone who

8
participated in our wedding.
A. take B. to take C. took D. takes
48. The fish tastes __________. I won’t eat it.
A. awful B. awfully C. more awfully D. as awful
49. The students got the librarian ____ books for them.
A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying
50. Why don't you have that coat ____?
A. cleaned B. clean C. cleaning D. to clean
5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the
following exchanges.
1 “ _____ ?” – “It’s ten minutes’ walk from here.”
A. How long does it take to get to the town centre?
B. Can you show me the way to the town centre?
C. How far is it from here to the town centre?
D. How can we get to the town centre?
2. “What a boring lẹcture!” – “ _______ ”
Ạ. Yẹs, it was dull, wasn’t it? B. I don’t agree. It’s dull.
C. It’s interesting, wasn’t it? D. I’m sorry not.
3. “I believe people will have a better life in the future.” – “ _______ Life will be
more enjoyable than it is today, won’t it?”
A. No, I don’t think so. B. Not exactly.
C. Yes, I agree. D. You can’t be right.
4. “______“ – “That’s right. London will be cleaner and more sustainable.”
A. This means there’ll be no pollution, will there?
B. This means there’ll be no pollution, won’t there?
C. This means there won’t be no pollution, will there?
D. This means there’ll be no pollution, doesn’t it?
5. “What’s the weather forecast?” – “ ________ ”
A. Don’t forget your raincoat, will you?

9
B. Don’t forget your raincoat, do you?
C. It’s going to rain. Don’t forget your raincoat, will you?
D. It’s going to rain. Don’t forget your raincoat, do you?
6. “Global warming will continue to be a big threat to life on earth.” – “_____”
A. We can’t afford to ignore its effects any longer.
B. Then we can’t afford to ignore its effects any longer, can we?
C. So don’t ignore its effects any longer.
D. Please don’t ignore its effects any longer.
7. “Oh, I’m sorry! Am I disturbing you?” – “ ________ ”
A. Sure, you’re a real nuisance! B. You’re such a pain in the neck!
C. No, never mind. D. No, you’re OK.
8. “In 2050, London won’t be a good place to live in, will it?” – “ ________ ”
A. Exactly, it will be. B. On the contrary, it will be.
C. I’m Sony, it will be. D. Unfortunately, it will be.
9. ‘Tm going to the supermarket now. Do you need anything?” – ________ ”
A. Get me some cheese and some oil, may you?
B. Get me some cheese and some oil, can’t you?
C. Get me some cheese and some oil, could you?
D. Get me some cheese and some oil, couldn’t you?
10. “I don’t have any plans for tonight.” – “ ________”
A. Why not going to the cinema with me? B. I suggest to go to the cinema.
C. Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? D. What if going to the cinema?
11. “What if I quit more than 3 sessions?” – “ _______ ”
A. You won’t take the final exam.
B. You wouldn’t take the final exam.
C. You wouldn’t be able to take the final exam.
D. You can’t take the final exam.
12. “ ______ ” – “Yes, I love it here. Everything I want is only five minutes

10
away.”
A. It’s convenient to live here, isn’t it?
B. It’s comfortable to live here, isn’t it?
C. It’s inconvenient to live here, isn’t it?
D. It’s uncomíbrtable to live here, isn’t it?
13. “City dwellers are always so busy, aren’t they?” – “ ________ ”
A. No, they aren’t. Everybody’s rushing about all the time.
B. Not really. Everybody’s rushing about all the time.
C. Fm not sure. Everybody’s rushing about all the time.
D. Yes, everybody’s rushing about all the time.
14. “ _____ ” – “London’s so big. It took me ages to fínd my way round.”
A. What about London? C. How was London?
B. What was London? D. How about London?
15. “Most cities aren’t safe places to live, are they?” – “ __________ ”
A. No, I’m afraid. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas’.
B. Yes, they are. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas’.
C. Well, the opposite is true. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas’.
D. On the contrary. There are always what they call ‘no-go areas’.
16. “____?" – "It's ten minutes' walk from here.”
A. How long does it take to get to the town centre?
B. Can you show me the way to the town centre?
C. How far is it from here to the town centre?
D. How can we get to the town centre?
17. “What a boring lecture!" - “____”
A. Yes, it was dull, wasn't it?
B. I don't agree. It's dull.
C. It's interesting, wasn't it?
D. I'm sorry not.

11
18. “I believe people will have a better life in the future.”
- “____ Life will be more enjoyable than it is today, won't it?”
A. No, I don't think so. B. Not exactly.
C. Yes, I agree. D. You can't be right.
19. “____” – “That's right. London will be cleaner and more sustainable.”
A. This means there'll be no pollution, will there?
B. This means there'll be no pollution, won't there?
C. This means there won't be no pollution, will there?
D. This means there'll be no pollution, doesn't it?
20. "What's the weather forecast?” – “____”
A. Don't forget your raincoat, will you?
B. Don't forget your raincoat, do you?
C. It's going to rain. Don't forget your raincoat, will you?
D. It's going to rain. Don't forget your raincoat, do you?
21. - A: "The regional authorities failed to provide the poor with essential
services such as accommodation,
fresh water and electricity." - B: “____”
A. That's great. B. That's too bad.
C. It's too good to be true. D. I have no idea.
22. - A: "Jenny is always late for appointments." - B: “Yes. ____”
A. But she is having an appointment.
B. But she will never be appointed to the position.
C. And the appointment is never late, too.
D. And she always knows how to make an excuse.
6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. Helping to alleviate poverty in developing countries also helps to reduce

environmental destruction.
12
A. pennilessness B. destitution C. immigrant D. prosperity
2. The wind farm may be able to generate enough electricity/power for 2,000
homes.
A. afford B. produce C. manufacture D. light
3. Are you taking any advanced courses?
A. modern B. costly C. widespread D. latest
4. Scientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer.
A. new cure B. important therapy
C. sudden remedy D. dramatic development
5. Sorghum is a brand new cash crop that can be burned as a fuel and is therefore a
renewable source of energy.
A. inexhaustible B. recyclable
C. green D. environmentally-friendly
6. Pollution will increase to catastrophic levels unless we develop cleaner power
sources.
A. low B. disastrous C. advanced D. elementary
7. My father hit the roof when he found out that I’d damaged the car.
A. was over the moon B. burst with anger
C. went with the flow D. kept his shirt on
8. Many organizations have been involved in drawing up the report on
environmental campaigns.
A. concerned about B. confined in
C. enquired about D. engaged in
9. S. Mayo Hospital in New Orleans was so named in recognition of Dr. Mayo’s
outstanding humanitarianism.
A. remarkable B. charitable C. widespread D. popular
10. It was inevitable that the smaller company should merge with the larger.
A. urgent B. unavoidable C. necessary D. important
13
7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. If I take the pessimistic viewpoint, Tokyo won't be a safe place to live in.
A. negative B. optimistic C. optical D. neutral
2. To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of
private cars must be found.
A. public B. personal C. common D. shared
3. People who live in towns and cities live in an urban environment.
A. remote B. deserted C. suburban D. rural
4. There is pollution not only of the physical environment because the various
pressure of urban life causes cities to breed crime.
A. social B. mental C. moral D. manual
5. Governments have to join hands to solve the environmental problems on a
global scale.
A. worldwide B. nationwide C. local D. international
6. The basic challenge for sustainable agriculture is to maximise the use of
locally available and renewable resources.
A. long-term B. short-term C. beneficial D. harmful
7. Passengers often complain about cancelled and overcrowded coaches and the
lack of services.
A. infrequent B. reliable C. empty D. untidy
8. We need to do more to make the neighborhood safer and more livable.
A. inhabitable B. uninhabitable C. dangerous D. prosperous
9. The country's infrastructure is in poor condition and needs to be upgraded.
A. improved B. repaired C. examined D. deteriorated
10. Many new machines have been invented to help doctors to detect diseases early.

14
A. notice B. recognized C. ignore D. cure

READING COMPREHENSION
1. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Today’s urban cities are practically bursting at the seams. According
(1)__________research from the United Nations, 54 percent of the world’s
population lives in urban areas, a percentage (2)_________ is expected to increase
to over 66 percent by 2050. In fact, India alone is projected to add 404 million
urban dwellers to its population by 2050. This rapid (3) __________ of the urban
population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as overcrowded
roads, excessive energy (4)______________ and unemployment.
(5)____________, to build more sustainable cities and accommodate the growing
number of residents, many city leaders are turning to the Internet of Things .

1. A. to B. at C. on D. from
2. A. who B. that C. what D. whom
3. A. grown B. growing C. grow D. growth
4. A. consumable B. consume C. consumption D. consumer
5. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Furthermore
2. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

Robots are already a part of our lives. Industrial robots widely used in
manufacturing. Military and police organizations use robots to (1) _____ in
dangerous situations. Robots can (2) _____ be found from vacuuming the floors in
your home to exploring the surface of Mars. Within a few more years a whole host
of robotic adaptations will be running many aspects' of our lives. "I think in (3)
_____ next thirty years, we are going to see a transformation between the industrial
sorts of robots to personal robots," says Brooks from Brooks' company, IRobot,
markets floor cleaning robots for homes.
15
"The advances in robotics make it clear that many household (4) ____ will be
easily handled by a robot in the near future," says Bob Christopher, who works for
a robotic technology company that is marketing a toy robot (5) _____ Pleo. "We
have only one child but I could easily imagine five or six robots in the home as
well."

1. A. assist B. increase C. make D. create

2. A. so B. either C. too D. also
3. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
4. A. aspects B. chores C. works D. jobs
5. A. which called B. called C. calling D. that called

Education is also important (1)_____ it helps people get more out of life. It
increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them acquire
the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, (2)_____ the skills needed
to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical (3)_____. Such education
becomes (4)___ important as people gain more and more leisure time. Education
also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become necessary because social
changes today take place with increasing speed and (5)______ the lives of more
and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and
provide him with the skills for adjusting to them.

1. A. therefore B. despite C. although D. because

2. A. such as B. for instance C. such that D. for example

3. A. appliance B. equipment C. instrument D. device

4. A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. increasingly

5. A. effect B. affect C. affective D. effective

16
Child workers, some as young as 10, have been found working in a textile factory
in conditions described as close to slavery to produce clothes that appear destined
for one of the major high street retailers. The discovery of these children working
in appalling conditions in the Shahpur Jat area of Delhi has renewed concerns
about the (1)______ by some large retail chains of their garment production to
India, recognized (2)______ the United Nations as one of the world‟s hotspots for
child labour. According to one (3)______, over 20 per cent of India's economy is
dependent on children, (4)______ comes to a total of 55 million youngsters under
14 working. Consumers in the West should not only be demanding answers from
retailers about how their (5)______ are produced but also should be looking into
their consciences at how they spend their money and whether cheap prices in the
West are worth the suffering caused to so many children.

1. A. outsourcing B. outsources C. outsourced D. Outsource

2. A. for B. with C. of D. by

3. A. evaluation B. investigation C. calculation D. estimate

4. A. who B. which C. what D. that

5. A. goods B. stuff C. garment D. ware

3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.

A NEW CAPITAL

When the new state of Pakistan was founded in 1947, Karachi acted as the capital
city. However, it was difficult for Karachi to remain in this role due to a number of
drawbacks such as the climate and the state of the existing buildings. Rather than
try to overcome these drawbacks, the government decided to create a new capital
17
city. In 1959, a commission was established to investigate the possible locations of
this new city. The advisor appointed to the commission was Dr Doxiadis, a famous
architect and city planner.

Dr Doxiadis and his colleagues looked at the various locations. They then
produced a report suggesting two possible areas: one just outside Karachi and the
other to the north of Rawalpindi. Both locations had advantages as well as
disadvantages. Which site was it to be?

The choice between these two options was made after consideration of many
factors, such as transportation, the availabilities of water, economic factors, and
factors of national interest. Finally, the site north of Rawalpindi was chosen and on
the 24th February 1960, the new capital was given the name of ‘Islamabad’ and a
master plan was drawn up. This master plan divided the area into three different
sections: Islamabad itself, neighbouring Rawalpindi, and the national park.

Each of these three sections had a different role. Islamabad would act as the
national's capital and would serve its administrative and cultural needs, whereas
Rawalpindi would remain the regional centre with industry and commerce. The
third piece of the plan, the national park, was planned to provide space for
education, recreation, and agriculture.

Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy a

pollution-free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces. Guide tree-
lined streets, elegant public buildings, and well-organised bazaars and shopping
centres. The new capital is a superb example of good urban planning.

1. Why was a commission founded in 1959?

A. to overcome the drawbacks of Karachi as a capital city

18
B. to create a new capital city for Pakistan

C. to look into possibilities of the locations for a new capital city

D. to appoint an advisor for planning the new capital city

2. How many places were suggested for the new capital city in the initial reports?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

3. Which of the following factors was NOT considered when choosing the location
for the new capital city?

A. the climate and the state of the existing buildings

B. transportation and the availabilities of water

C. economic issues

D. issues of pational interest

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Islamabad would serve cultural needs.

B. Rawalpindi would be the regional centre with industry and commerce.

C. The national park would provide space for agriculture.

D. Islamabad would play the most important role of all.

5. What does the passage primarily describe?

A. The history of the two capital cities of Pakistan.

B. The disappearance of the old capital city of Pakistan.

C. The reasons why Islamabad became the new capital city of Pakistan.

19
D. The choice and development of Islamabad as the modern capital of Pakistan.

4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to

indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Around the world, Rio de Janeiro is famous for its beautiful beaches and Carnival
celebration. But the city is also known for its poor areas, known as favelas. For
years, many favelas had high poverty and crime rates. However, things are starting
to change.

In the past, many favelas received very little government assistance. Neighborhood
residents had to build their own streets and homes. Gangs were also com guns.
However, a new government plan is starting to change this. The city is sending
thousands of police officers into favelas with the goal of driving out the gangs. In
some favelas, the plan is already working. Crime is down, and unlike in the past,
children arc playing in the streets again. New apartment buildings are being built,
and the city is providing more services. "In 20 years," says police officer Leonardo
Nogueira, "the children who live here now ... will be different people."

Police influence is changing the favelas, but something else is, too. Today, more
Brazilians are moving into these neighborhoods because housing is expensive in
other parts of Rio. "Favelas are a place for young doctors without much money to
get started and young architects to start working,” explains Simone Miranda, a Rio
tour guide. In the past, favela residents felt different - separate from the rest of Rio.
“But now," says Miranda, "they feel part of the society of Brazil.”

Life is improving in the favelas, but there are still challenges. In some areas,
poverty rates are still high. As students, families, and foreigners move into the

20
favelas, property costs skyrocket. In some places, housing has more than doubled
in price. Despite this, favela residents are hopeful. If Rio can develop these favelas
for all residents – both poor and middle class - the city could become a model for
other cities with similar problems.

1. Which of the following best serves as the title for this passage?
A. A History of Rio's Favelas B. Crime on the Rise in Rio's Favelas
C. How Rio's Favelas Are Changing D. Favelas, Rio's New Tourist Destination
2. Which of the following is true about favelas in the past?
A. They got a lot of government assistance. B. There were no gangs.
C. Many police officers worked there. D. Children didn't play in the streets very
much.
3. Which statement would tour guide Simone Miranda probably agree with?

A. More favela residents now feel a part of Brazilian culture.

B. The police officers in the favelas cause many problems.
C. Young people from Rio should not move into the favelas.
D. There will be no more favelas in 20 years.
4. What is the purpose of the third paragraph?
A. To discuss the high costs of housing in Rio
B. To explain why architects are choosing to study in favelas
C. To talk about how newer residents are changing the favelas
D. To compare favela and non-favela residents
5. What does the word "skyrocket" in the passage mostly mean?
A. To increase quickly B. To drop slowly
C. To become dangerous D. To become smaller

21
5. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United
States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns
and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral
degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a notional ideology that
proclaimed farming the greatest Occupation and rural living superior to urban
living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and
cities became an essential feature of the notional landscape. Gradually,
economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on
the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people
migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them.
These new urban population, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with
great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring
order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage
systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric
networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility
companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver
them only to people who would afford them, some city and state governments
responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to
supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public
ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and
guarantee a fair price.

22
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at
the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment
influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide
their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid
industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without
any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed
several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core.
Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future
growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were
set aside for industrial or commercial development.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century
B. The role of government in twentieth-century urban renewal
C. Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century
D. Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century
2. The word "bias" in the passage closest in meaning to ____.
A. diagonal B. slope C. distortion D. prejudice
3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas ____.
A. were suspicious of their neighbors
B. were very proud of their lifestyle
C. believed city government had too much power
D. wanted to move to the cities
4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order
to ____.
A. participate in the urban reform movement B. seek financial security
C. comply with a government ordinance D. avoid crime and corruption

23
5. The word "embraced" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. suggested B. overestimated C. demanded D. welcomed
6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
A. They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.
B. They believed private ownership would slow economic growth
C. They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.
D. They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.
7. The word "exorbitant" in the passage closest in meaning to ____.
A. additional B. expensive C. various D. modified
8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT
____.
A. local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies
B. some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments
C. the availability of services was regulated by local government
D. private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments

9. The word "Proponents" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.

A. Experts B. Pioneers C. Reviewers D. Supporters
10. Why does the author mention "industrialization"?
A. To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities
B. To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
C. To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem
D. To illustrate the need for construction of new factories

6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning

to each of the following sentences.

1. Poverty and overcrowding are ruining the life of people in many big cities.
A. To make poverty and overcrowding even worse, people in many big cities ruin
their life.
B. Due to poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities is being
ruined.

24
C. Unless there are poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities
won't be ruined.
D. Despite poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities is being
ruined.
2. Do you agree with my view on this issue?
A. Did you see eye to eye with me on this issue?
B. Do you view this issue with my agreement?
C. Can you try to agree with me on this issue?
D. Are you in agreement with my view on this issue?
3. We stayed in that hotel despite the noise.
A. Because the hotel is noisy, we stayed there.
B. We stayed in the noisy hotel, and we liked it.
C. Although the hotel was noisy, we stayed there.
D. Without the noise, we would have stayed in the hotel.
4. He didn't hurry, so he missed the plane.
A. If he hurried, he wouldn't miss the plane.
B. If he had hurried, he wouldn't have caught the plane.
C. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane.
D. He didn't miss the plane because he was hurried.
5. No sooner had James begun his new job than he knew his decision was wrong.
A. Just before James took up his new post, he realized that he was not suited for it.
B. As soon as James started working, he realized that his decision had not been a
good one.
C. Had James not begun his new job, he would have gone looking for a better one.
D. Since James did not like his new job, he began looking for a better one.

7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences given.

1. We almost gave up hope. At that time, the rescue party arrived.

A. Only after the rescue party arrived did we give up hope.
B. It was not until the rescue party arrived that we gave up hope.
C. We were on the verge of giving up hope when the rescue party arrived.
D. Had the rescue party not arrived, we wouldn't have given up hope.
2. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated. Traffic will be heavy, too.
A. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, and traffic will be heavy.
B. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, for traffic will be heavy.
C. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, but traffic will be heavy.
25
D. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, or traffic will be heavy.
3. Robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers.
This is one of the greatest advantages of robots.
A. Robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers,
which is the only advantage of them.
B. The only difference between robots and humans is that robots can work in
situations that are dangerous or harmful for human workers.
C. Because robots can work in situations that are dangerous or harmful for human
workers, they have more advantages over human beings.
D. One of the greatest advantages of robots is that they can work in situations that
are dangerous or harmful for human workers.
4. The burglar was trying to break into the shop. He was caught by the night guard
when doing so.
A. By the time the night guard caught him, the burglar had broken into the shop.
B. While trying to break into the shop, the burglar was caught by the night guard.
C. Having tried to break into the shop, the burglar was caught by the night guard.
D. Having seen the burglar breaking into the shop, the night guard caught him.
5. No disapproval of the plan was raised. I suggest we go ahead
A. Despite the approval of the plan being raised, I suggest we go ahead.
B. In case someone raises the disapproval of the plan, I suggest we go ahead.
C. As nobody raised any disapproval of the plan, I suggest we go ahead.
D. Because the disapproval of the plan might be raised, I suggest we go ahead.

8. Choose the best sentence that can be made from the words given.

1. Just imagine / human life / be like / 20 years.

A. Just imagine how human life will be like for 20 years.

26
B. Just imagine human life will be like in 20 years.
C. Just imagine what human life will be like in 20 years.
D. Just imagine that human life will be like since 20 years.
2. I hope / we / able / solve the problems / over population and pollution.
A. I hope whether we are able to solve the problems, those are over population and
pollution.
B. I hope if we will be able to solve the problems, which are over population and
pollution.
C. I hope that we will be able to solve the problems of over population and
pollution.
D. I hope when we will be able to solve the problem for over population and
pollution.
3. Cancers and AIDS / untreatable / now / be cured successfully.
A. Cancers and AIDS, which are untreatable now, will be cured successfully.
B. Cancers and AIDS, they are untreatable now, will be cured successfully.
C. Cancers and AIDS, that are untreatable now, will be cured successfully.
D. Cancers and AIDS, which are untreatable now, they will be cured successfully
4. All schools / on earth / equipped / computers and the Internet.
A. All schools on earth will be equipped with computers and the Internet.
B. All schools on earth to be equipped with computers and the Internet.
C. All schools on earth will be equipped by computers and the Internet.
D. All schools on earth to be equipped by computers and the Internet.
5. no places / people / suffer / the lack of food and accommodation.
A. In no places, where people have to suffer the lack of food and accommodation.
B. There will be no places where people have to suffer the lack of food and
accommodation.
C. As there are no places, people will suffer the lack of food and accommodation.
27
D. They are no places that people will have to suffer the lack of food and
accommodation.

WRITING

1. The shop delivers Alice’s milk to her house.

Alice____________________________________________.
2. At the butcher’s, Frank said, ‘Please cut the meat into big pieces’.
Frank ____________________________________ into big pieces.
3. The hairdresser cuts Rita’s hair about thrice a year.
Rita ___________________________________about thrice a year.
4. Last month, the optician checked Mr Brown’s eyes.
Last month, Mr Brown___________________________________.
5. Mrs Green’s doctor says to her: ‘When you come to see me next week, I’ll
check your blood pressure.’
When Mrs Green goes to see the doctor next week,
she______________________.
6. Last week, the garage serviced Julie’s car.
Last week, Julie___________________________________.
7. A builder is going to mend the roof on our house.
We ________________________________on our house.
8. Walking in the rain is her enjoyment.
 She enjoys
_____________________________________________________________
9. During lunch, someone rang the bell.
 While
I_______________________________________________________________
28
10. I haven’t been to the dentist for six months.
 The last
time____________________________________________________________

29