FD4: Final Exam

A. LAN ( local area network)

TYPES OF GAUGE

1. Broad Gauge: width 1676 mm to 1524

2. Standard Gauge: width 1435 mm and 1451
3. Metre Gauge: width 1067 mm
4. Narrow Gauge: width 762 mm and 610 mm

A land bridge is an overland route which either provides an alternative to a seaborne trade route or,
when combined with sea transport, provides and alternative to an “all water” route.

(Cầu đất liền là tuyến đường bộ cung cấp một giải pháp thay thế cho tuyến đường thương mại trên
biển hoặc khi kết hợp với vận tải đường biển, cung cấp và thay thế cho tuyến đường “tất cả đường
thủy”.)

3 major types of land bridges

Minibridge.

It involves a foreign origin but the destination is a port reached from

another port of the same continental mass.

Microbridge.

It involves a link between a foreign origin and an inland destination via a

port of entry.

Reverse microbridge.

It is similar to a microbridge but the port of entry is on another facade

than the most direct maritime route.

UIC (International Union of Railways): 177 members (railway undertakings) in 94 countries

OTIF (Intergovernmental Organization for International Carriage by Rail): 42 States, relate to the
carriage of dangerous goods (RID)

OSJD (Organization for Railways Cooperation: rail especially between Europe and Asia, Members:
Former USSR, Albania, Iran, former Yugoslavia, China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam

AGC (European Agreement on Main International Rail Routes): 24 countries, of which 14 countries
from EU-25

UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe)

COTIF Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail: Công ước liên vận bằng đường sắt)

CIM contract of Carriage

By the contract of carriage, the carrier shall undertake to carry the

goods for reward to the place of destination and to deliver them there to the consignee.
The contract of carriage must be confirmed by a consignment note

The consignment note shall be signed by the consignor and the carrier.

The carrier must certify the taking over of the goods on the duplicate of the consignment note in an
appropriate manner and return the duplicate to the consignor

Rail System in Viet Nam

Container transport by international intermodal railways: Yen Vien - PingXiang (Bang Tuong) -
Europe is a railway route connecting Vietnam's domestic rail, through Dong Dang and Lang Son
border gates to China and connect to Europe

The disadvantages of rail transportation are

Low train’s speed, Lack of connections with sea port and industrial zones, Low-quality services, Poor
infrastructure

B. FD4: MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT

According to UNCTAD, “taken in charge” means:
"Consignee" means the person entitled to receive the goods from the Freight
Forwarder. - "Taken in charge" means that the goods have been handed over to and
accepted for carriage by the Freight Forwarder at the place of receipt evidenced in
this FBL.
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