12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Physical Education
and Health 4
Quarter 4 – Module 4b (Weeks 3-
4): Environmental Hazards of
Outdoor Recreational Activities
Physical Education and Health – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Environmental Hazards Of Outdoor Recreational
Activities
Second Edition, 2022

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work
for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment
of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the

Module Writer: Chrissie Kyell M. Trinidad
Editor: Jaymar R. Kinkito; Sheena Grace B. Alabata; Maria Teresa S. Bernal
Reviewer: Jaymar R. Kinkito
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Jenith C. Cabajon
Joelyza M. Arcilla, Ed. D. Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispid Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D. Elmar L. Cabrera
Dan P. Alar, EdD

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Tele
#: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph

i
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will
tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are
provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
The Philippine archipelago has so much to offer in terms of land formations and natural water resources. We

In this module, you will learn about the environmental hazards of outdoor activities and the personal safety pr

What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your notebook.

1. It is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause

loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and
services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
A. Disaster B. Hazard C. Risk D. Recovery
2. What do you call the specific physical features of an area of land?
A. Hills B. Mountains C. Terrain D. Valleys
3. Which among the following environmental hazards depend upon the location and
terrain?
A. Bad Road Conditions C. Improper clothing
B. Exposed Ledges D. Thunderstorms
4. Which among the following environmental hazards depend upon the equipment?
A. Broken stove C. Snake Bites
5. Which among the following environmental
B. Darkness hazards depend upon the
D. Tornadoes
driving/transportation?
A. Darkness C. Snake Bites

1
 B. Overexposed to sun D. Uneven Surfaces
6. Which of the following is a weather hazard?
A. Bee stings C. Rocky trail
B. Broken stoves D. Strong winds
7. What do you call a sport in attaining or attempting to attain high points in mountainous
regions, mainly pleasure of the climb?
A. Hiking C. Trekking
B. Mountaineering D. Water Activities
8. Which of the following is/are a water activity?
A. Canoeing C. Snorkeling
B. Scuba diving D. All of the above
9. Which of the following is NOT an essential equipment for mountaineering?
A. Extra clothes C. Headlamp
B. First Aid D. Lifebuoys
10. Which of the following is NOT an essential equipment for water activities?
A. Distress Signals C. First Aid Kits
B. Fire D. Maps

What’s In

ACTIVITY 1: AVOID MISHAPS!

Direction: Write the answers in your activity notebook. Observe the picture below of
teenagers swimming at the. List at least three mishaps that can be prevented by observing
personal safety protocol etiquette and safety in the use equipment for outdoor recreational
activities.

Cohn, 2014

1. _ _
2. _
3. _
4. ACTIVITY 2: IDENTIFY THEM!

2
Directions: Identify the commonly used life-saving equipment for water activities. Write
your answers in your notebook.

n.d.
ter-4-0-kg-med\ https://www.shmgroup.com n.d.

1. 2.

n.d.
Brown, 2015

3. 4. _

Walker, n.d.

5.

3
 What’s New

Read and answer the questions carefully. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. Why do we need to identify the environmental hazards we might encounter during

outdoor recreational activities?
_
_
__
2. Why do we need to identify the equipment we will be using during outdoor
recreational activities?
_
_
_

What is It

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Outdoor recreational activities have so much to offer to people. These includes fun
and pleasure, general wellness of an individual, and sometimes environmental hazard.
According to the School Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Manual Booklet 1
of DepEd, “hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, condition, substance, or human activity that
may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic
disruption, loss of livelihoods and services, or environmental damage”.
Mishaps are avoidable. The most effective way to prevent them is to adequately
prepare for the trip that includes knowing the environmental hazard you may encounter
during the outdoor recreational activity.

In https://www.suu.edu/ n.d., “any outdoor activity has inherent risks. When planning
a project in the outdoors it is important to account for the risk, accept the ones you cannot
change, and mitigating the risk you can”. When assessing the potential environmental hazards
you need to look at three factors.
1. Location and terrain
The terrain is defined as the specific physical features of
an area of land. The location and the terrain contribute to the
hazardous conditions when staying and walking into the site.
Some environmental hazards that depend upon your location
and terrain are uneven surfaces, wet grass, and mud, holes in
the ground can
https://nayturr.com/ n.d.

4
 cause trips or falls, rocky trails, exposed ledges, darkness and
poison ivy.

2. Season/Climate
Keep an eye on the current and predicted weather
conditions. Know the signs for approaching storms or changing
weather conditions. Some areas are susceptible to certain types
of severe weather. Weather hazards includes lightning
and thunderstorms,
flooding and flash
flooding,strong winds and
tornadoes, freezing rain and
hail, and being

Overexpose to sun.
Fahey, 2018

3. Equipment and Transportation

Keep your equipment in good condition. Inspect them
before your trip. Do not wait until you are at the trail- head.
Beyond the activity, the equipment and driving/ transportation
are also considered environmental hazards.

Equipment:
 Broken stove
 Boots not broken in
 Improper clothing
 Inoperative equipment

Driving/Transportation:
 Bad road conditions
 Darkness
 Unfamiliar road
 Difficult road (Class I-VI)
 Other erratic drivers
 Pedestrians/cyclists

TEN ESSENTIAL EQUIPMENT FOR MOUNTAINEERING

It is a great idea to work on a checklist that is tailored to the nature of the outing when
planning for your next mountaineering trip (https://www.mountaineers.org/ n.d.). Here are
the ten essential pieces of equipment that mountaineers should prepare and bring when
climbing a mountain:

5
 1. Navigation – Today’s mountaineer carries five essential tools
while navigating to their destination: map, altimeter, compass, GPS
device, and personal locator beacon (“PLB”) or other devices to
contact emergency first responders. 2. 2.
2. Headlamp – In the outdoors, headlamps are the flashlight of
choice, freeing hands for anything from cooking to climbing. If
the party plans to return before dark, each member should carry a
headlamp.
3. Sun-protection – This includes carrying and wearing sunglasses,
sun-protective clothes, and broad-spectrum sunscreen rated at least
SPF 30.
4. First Aid – Carrying and knowing how to use a first-aid kit should
not give you a false sense of security. Avoid injuries or sickness is
the best course of action to take in the first place.
5. Knife – These are useful for first-aid, food preparation, repairs,
and climbing, therefore, everyone in the group should carry one.
6. Fire – Most climbers carry a disposable butane lighter or two
instead of matches. Either must be reliable.
7. Shelter – Carrying some sort of emergency shelter from rain and
wind, such as a plastic tube tent or a jumbo plastic trash bag.
8. Extra Food – The food should require no cooking, be easily
digestible, and store well for long periods.
9. Extra water – Always carry at least one water bottle or hydration
bag.
10. Extra clothes – It refers to additional layers that would be
needed to survive long, inactive hours of an unplanned camp.

COMMONLY USED LIFE-SAVING EQUIPMENT IN AQUATIC ACTIVITIES

According to www.shmgroup.com, “many disastrous accidents have been averted due
to the timely use of life-saving equipment by the sports enthusiasts as well as the
accompanying experts”. The following are the commonly used life-saving equipment in
water sports and should always be checked for availability.

1. Lifejackets - These can be of help to the person wearing it from drowning. Thus,
it is important to always wear a life jacket throughout the water activity.
2. Safety helmets – They are used mostly for water sports involving a higher risk
factor, like water skiing and kayaking activities, but it is important to use them
whenever required.
3. Safety harnesses – They should be tied tightly enough to allow free movement
in the boat or on deck, but not so loose that the person may fall overboard, leading
to a lot of injuries.

6
 4. Lifebuoys – These are ring-like flotation devices that prevent people from
drowning.
5. First aid kits - It is the first requirement for medical assistance in case of an
emergency and hence is a must-have safety measure on every boat.
6. Maps - It is important to navigate rightly and follow the basic safety rules while
taking any vessel out in the water, be it for rafting or boating.
7. Distress signals – These include light-emitting beacons and flares that are
important to gain the attention of passers-by for help during an emergency.
8. Radios – It will enable the person in need to get in touch with the control center
and get assistance in case of an emergency.
9. Weather Gauge - Carrying a weather gauge at all times helps one stay updated
about the climate and any potential weather change.
10. Personal locator - The beacon is an electronic transmitter that sends out a
signal alerting the rescuers of the location. People regularly use this device for
crew saving in lifeboats and shipping.

What’s More

ACTIVITY 3: LISTING DOWN ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Pick out a location for an outdoor recreational activity you want to do after the pandemic.
List down the environmental hazards that can be encountered in your chosen location. Follow
the template below. Write your answers in your notebook.

Location: _
A. Environmental hazards that depend upon the location and terrain
1.
2.
B. Environmental hazards that depend upon the climate of the place
1.
2.
C. Environmental hazards that depend upon the equipment
and driving/transportation to be used
1. _
2. _

7
 What I Have Learned

Complete the following statements:

1. I will follow _ .

2. I will practice _ .

3. I will prevent myself from _ .

4. I will use .

5. I will promote _ .

What I Can Do

REVIEW ON ADMINISTERING FIRST AID

Scenario: You and your three other friends were hiking along the trail. You saw a man who
is screaming in pain because of a snake bite How will you deal with this situation using the
equipment you brought during the hike?
A. List everything you need to do as a first aider based on what you have learned from the
previous module.

Assessment

Directions: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write your answer in your
notebook.

1. What do you call the equipment that can be of help in preventing the person
wearing it from drowning automatically, or as soon as it is inflated?
A. Distress Signals B. First Aid Kits C. Lifejackets D. Maps

8
2. What do you call the light-emitting beacons and flares that can gain the attention of
passers-by for help during an emergency?
A. Distress Signals B. Lifebuoys C. Lifejackets D. Radios
3. What do you call the equipment used mostly for water sports involving a higher risk
factor, like water skiing and kayaking activities?
A. Lifebuoys B. Maps C. Radios D. Safety Helmet
4.Which among the following is NOT an essential tool for navigation?
A. Altimeter C. Personal locator beacon (“PLB”)
B. Compass D. Radio

5. Which of the following equipment is used for sun protection?

A. Sunglasses C. Sunscreen
B. Sun-protective clothes D. All of the above

6. Which of the following is a weather hazard?

A. Bee stings C. Rocky trail
B. Broken stove D. Tornadoes

7. Which among the following environmental hazards depend upon the location and terrain?
A. Bad road conditions C. Improper clothing
B. Exposed ledges D. Thunderstorms

8. Which among the following environmental hazards depend upon the equipment?
A. Flood C. Snakebite
B. Inoperative equipment D. Unfamiliar road

9. Why do we need to prepare the proper equipment for mountaineering before the day of
the hike?
A. To avoid being injured
B. To avoid being poisoned by plants or animals living in the area
C. To avoid getting sick during and after the trip
D. All of the above

10. Why do we need to prepare the proper equipment for water activities before the day of
the trip?
A. To avoid getting drown
B. To avoid being injured
C. To avoid getting lost in the middle of the sea
D. All of the above

9
 Additional Activities

CREATE A CHECKLIST
You are invited by a friend to climb Mt. Talinis with his/her team. The hike will take
2 days in total. Create a checklist of the equipment you need to bring on the hike. Include at
least 15 pieces of equipment in your checklist. Follow the sample template below and write
your answers in your notebook.

NO. EQUIPMENT STATUS

1
2
3

Answer Key

10
References
Bayangos, Mariel C., and Ma. Vic S. Relayson. n.d. "DRRM Manual Booklet 1."
http://depedbohol.org/. Accessed January 12, 2022. http://depedbohol.org/v2/wp-
content/uploads/2012/06/DRRM-Manual_Booklet-1_Final-1.pdf.

Brown, Randy. 2015. https://www.portmanatee.com/. September. Accessed January 12, 2022.

https://www.portmanatee.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/U.S.Coastguard.pdf.

Cohn, Adam. 2014. https://www.flickr.com/. April 19. Accessed January 12, 2022.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/adamcohn/24159984756.

Fahey, Neil. 2018. https://www.bushwalkingblog.com.au. September 5. Accessed January 12, 2022.

https://www.bushwalkingblog.com.au/5-of-the-best-outdoor-adventures-in-the-
philippines/.

n.d. https://nayturr.com/. Accessed January 12, 2022. https://nayturr.com/types-of-terrain/.

n.d. https://www.heightsafesystems.com. Accessed January 12, 2022.

https://www.heightsafesystems.com/guides/fall-arrest-systems-safe-compliant.

n.d. https://www.mountaineers.org/. Accessed January 13, 2022.

https://www.mountaineers.org/blog/what-are-the-ten-essentials.

n.d. https://www.shmgroup.com. Accessed January 12, 2022.

https://www.shmgroup.com/blog/understanding-lifejackets-personal-safety-device/.

n.d. https://www.shmgroup.com/. Accessed January 13, 2022.

https://www.shmgroup.com/blog/top-10-life-saving-appliances-water-sports/.

n.d. https://www.suu.edu/. Accessed January 12, 2022. https://www.suu.edu/erm/pdf/risk-

assessment-process.pdf.

n.d. https://www.tmsup.com. Accessed January 12, 2022.

https://www.tmsup.com/products/lifebuoy-75-cm-diameter-4-0-kg-med.

Jimmy Walker, DDS. n.d. https://innerbanksdental.com/. Accessed January 12, 2022.

https://innerbanksdental.com/your-dental-first-aid-kit-what-to-include/.

11