Test Bank for World Civilizations Volume II Since 1500, 6th Edition

Test Bank for World Civilizations Volume II Since

1500, 6th Edition

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Chapter 27--Japan in the Era of European Expansion

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Why did the Japanese resist Western influence? What methods did Japan use to close its doors to the West?
Evaluate the success of those efforts in the end.

2. Describe the foundation of the Tokugawa state, be sure to highlight the role of key individuals, and discuss its
main underpinnings.

3. Describe the interrelationships in Japanese society, especially between shogun, daimyo, and emperor in
Tokugawa Japan as well as the lives of peasants.
4. Discuss the religious issues in Japan during the Tokugawa.

5. Describe Tokugawa arts and learning. What were the primary influences?

6. Discuss political and religious issues in Southeast Asia.

7. The Japanese shogunate was

A. an attempt by the emperor to restore order in the 17th century.
B. a group that opposed Westernization of the country.
C. a type of centralized feudalism.
D. the government officials who carried out the orders of the emperor.
E. a group of military officers who banded together to overthrow the emperor.

8. The first Europeans to make contact with Japan were

A. missionaries.
B. traders.
C. pirates.
D. Both A and B.
E. Both B and C.
9. It seems likely that Toyotomi Hidoyoshi dreamed of conquering
A. Korea.
B. China's north.
C. Ming China.
D. all of the Pacific.
E. the entire world.

10. During the Tokugawa Shogunate, the daimyo

A. served as the true political leaders of the shogunate.
B. acted as the shogun's agents within the empire but retained full authority within their own area of control.
C. controlled about one-fourth of Japan's land area.
D. seldom came into conflict with each other, preferring to use their resources to better compete with each other
economically.
E. never quite trusted the shogun and were always looking over their shoulders, expecting him to use their
samurai against them.

11. Initially Christian missionaries in Japan

A. were outlawed by the shogun.
B. were met with resistance from the samurai.
C. fomented civil war.
D. attempted to undermine Shinto.
E. converted many Japanese daimyo.

12. As a money economy emerged in Japan, merchants

A. dissolved the guilds that no longer served a purpose.
B. became wealthier than the shogun himself.
C. used currency in the cities but were forced to retain the barter system in the countryside.
D. became much wealthier and began to loan money, especially to the out-of-work samurai.
E. began to travel abroad to expand their business enterprises.

13. Tokugawa put down peasant rebellions by

A. hiring samurai mercenaries to take care of the situation.
B. promising to make major agrarian reforms.
C. decreasing the taxes levied on the peasants.
D. putting tens of thousands of peasants to death.
E. seizing weapons from the peasants.
14. Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, only the samurai and daimyo could
A. fight for the shogun.
B. own weapons.
C. trade with outsiders.
D. live in the capital city.
E. practice Christianity.

15. Christianity was persecuted, and some Christians put to death, by

A. Nobunaga.
B. Tokugawa.
C. Hideyoshi.
D. Tojo.
E. Sakoku.

16. The peasantry in Japan during the shogunate period was

A. less miserable than in earlier eras.
B. akin to the serfs of Europe.
C. vitally important to the growth of cities and were compensated accordingly.
D. more prestigious than in earlier days.
E. the best educated in Japan's history.

17. Sakoku was

A. Japan's native religion.
B. a form of puppetry.
C. government under Nobunaga.
D. a form of dramatic literature.
E. isolation from the outside world.

18. Under Tokugawa rule, the Japanese seat of government (the shogunate) was located at
A. Edo.
B. Kyoto.
C. Hojo.
D. Yokohama.
E. Nagasaki.
19. The emperor's role in Tokugawa Japan was markedly
A. military.
B. administrative.
C. religious.
D. ceremonial.
E. reformist.

20. The key component(s) to Tokugawa rule and policy was/were

A. the emperor.
B. Christian peasants.
C. the daimyo.
D. merchants.
E. the bushido.

21. The more important daimyo families resided near the shogun
A. in order to assist him.
B. as hostages for their clan's loyalty.
C. to be trained as entertainers.
D. to prevent their contact with Christians.
E. to be trained for the bureaucracy.

22. The Tokugawa shoguns maintained control mainly through

A. terror and executions.
B. hiring gangs of samurai.
C. supervision and surveillance.
D. being elected by daimyo members.
E. control of the merchant class.

23. The halting of foreign trade

A. caused growth in trade and population.
B. bankrupted Japanese cities.
C. turned Japan into an economic backwater.
D. initiated a bloody power struggle.
E. led to a samurai takeover of the government.
24. Haiku poetry reflects the Zen Buddhist concept that
A. all of life's events are worth preserving in verse.
B. life's greatest mysteries, in the hands of a master poet, can be explained in only seventeen syllables.
C. most of humankind is incapable of understanding the world's great mysteries - unlike the great poets.
D. the hardest concepts in life to understand can never be understood, so true poets never try.
E. it is impossible to deconstruct and understand the concepts that bother humans most - but they can be stated
clearly enough for reflection.

25. During the later Tokugawa period, Japanese began to emphasize ____ rather than Buddhist thought and
ideals.
A. Christian
B. Confucian
C. Shinto
D. Legalist
E. Western philosophical

26. The "floating worlds" refers to

A. Japanese churches.
B. Japanese Shinto shrines.
C. Japanese pleasure quarters.
D. Japanese miniature gardens.
E. Japanese goldfish ponds.

27. The nation that forced Japan to open up to foreign trade was
A. the United States.
B. England.
C. the Netherlands.
D. Portugal.
E. France.

28. The prevalence of Confucian secularism among the daimyo is significant because
A. it laid the future foundation for Japanese democracy.
B. it paved the way for acceptance of western technology.
C. it made possible the takeover of Tokugawa Ieyashu.
D. it set into motion a rich literary/artistic movement.
E. None of the options are correct.
29. The following phrase might be most indicative of Japanese attitudes toward the outside world:
A. "If something Western can be made to help our people, use it."
B. "They are intelligent but decadent."
C. "Japan will rule the world."
D. "Keep the hairy barbarians out."
E. "They have nothing to offer us."

30. Most Asian island residents eventually converted to

A. Christianity.
B. Buddhism.
C. Shintoism.
D. Daoism.
E. Islam.

31. Besides showing the Japanese people's closeness with nature, Japanese fine arts often portray more ____
than that of China.
A. humor
B. humility
C. hatred
D. happiness
E. health-consciousness.

32. Because of their growing wealth, Japanese merchants became

A. strong supporters of the arts.
B. of higher rank in society than were the daimyo.
C. guardians of Japan's history, hiring historians to work on conserving the past by writing it down.
D. large charitable donors.
E. strong rivals to the daimyo in showing which group was more art-savvy.

33. By the early 1800s, some Japanese officials and scholars had concluded that
A. Westerners must be kept out of their country at all costs.
B. they needed more knowledge about Western European science and medicine.
C. Japanese poetry was far superior to most European verse.
D. "Dutch medicine" was the only worthwhile kind.
E. they had fallen behind every European country except Russia.
34. The government system created by the shoguns in the 1600s
A. allowed the local chieftains called daimyo to rule unchecked.
B. was an imitation of the Chinese system of mandarin officials.
C. made the daimyo dependent on the shogun's favor.
D. used the emperor as military chief while the shoguns ruled all else.
E. provided imperial protection for the families of the daimyo.

35. The Shinto faith is best described as

A. the native Japanese religion.
B. the Japanese holy scripture.
C. a mixture of Christianity and Japanese pagan belief.
D. a variety of Buddhism imported from Korea.
E. a reaction to the proselytizing of the Jesuits.

36. The samurai of Japan could best be described as

A. a strong part of the shogunate period until the last shogun fell.
B. well respected by the civilian population because of their wonderful military skills.
C. having been converted to Christianity in greater numbers than any other group in Japan.
D. having lost their positions and their self-respect well before the shogunate came to an end.
E. the group hired by merchants to collect money owed to them that people were not repaying.

37. The feudal, centralized government ruling over Japan until 1867 was known as a(n)
____________________.
________________________________________

38. The major Japanese religions are ____________________ and ____________________.

________________________________________

39. ____________________ was the code of the samurai class.

________________________________________

40. ____________________ is a Japanese dramatic form characterized by humor, realism, and violent actions.
________________________________________
41. After a 1637 revolt, being a Christian in Japan often meant ____________________.
________________________________________

42. The leading Jesuit Missionary to Japan was ____________________.

________________________________________

43. A decisive figure in pre-modern Japanese history, and founder of the last shogunate, was
____________________.
________________________________________

44. The most important items brought to Japan by the Portuguese were ____________________.
________________________________________

45. The port Dutch ships were allowed to dock at under sakoku was ____________________.
________________________________________

46. In the 1600s, the three Japanese major cities were ____________________ than any European city.
________________________________________
Chapter 27--Japan in the Era of European Expansion Key

1. Why did the Japanese resist Western influence? What methods did Japan use to close its doors to the West?
Evaluate the success of those efforts in the end.

Answers would include the persecution of Christianity, sakoku or isolation, prosperity despite isolation, the
Dutch and Nagasaki, science and selective nature of the adoption of western ideas.

2. Describe the foundation of the Tokugawa state, be sure to highlight the role of key individuals, and discuss its
main underpinnings.

Answers would include a discussion of the role of Portugal and Christianity, Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi
Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, shogunate, sakoku and isolation from foreigners.

3. Describe the interrelationships in Japanese society, especially between shogun, daimyo, and emperor in
Tokugawa Japan as well as the lives of peasants.

Answers would include a discussion of the hierarchy with emperor as figurehead, shogun as real political
leader, daimyo as feudal lords and policy of alternate attendance, samurai as warrior class yet losing status,
merchants and peasants along with a treatment of economic stability, patronage of the arts, and the urban
"floating worlds."

4. Discuss the religious issues in Japan during the Tokugawa.

Answers would include a discussion of Christianity, Buddhism, and Shinto and the perspective roles each
played in relation to foreign nations, commerce and social issues, for example art and architecture.

5. Describe Tokugawa arts and learning. What were the primary influences?

Answers would include a discussion of Buddhism, Shinto and secular Confucianism, haiku, kabuki, emphasis
on humor, influence from China, role of merchants in patronage and the "floating worlds".
6. Discuss political and religious issues in Southeast Asia.

Answers would include a discussion of the Dutch in Indonesia, trade, Islam, Portugal and Buddhism.

7. The Japanese shogunate was

A. an attempt by the emperor to restore order in the 17th century.
B. a group that opposed Westernization of the country.
C. a type of centralized feudalism.
D. the government officials who carried out the orders of the emperor.
E. a group of military officers who banded together to overthrow the emperor.

8. The first Europeans to make contact with Japan were

A. missionaries.
B. traders.
C. pirates.
D. Both A and B.
E. Both B and C.

9. It seems likely that Toyotomi Hidoyoshi dreamed of conquering

A. Korea.
B. China's north.
C. Ming China.
D. all of the Pacific.
E. the entire world.

10. During the Tokugawa Shogunate, the daimyo

A. served as the true political leaders of the shogunate.
B. acted as the shogun's agents within the empire but retained full authority within their own area of control.
C. controlled about one-fourth of Japan's land area.
D. seldom came into conflict with each other, preferring to use their resources to better compete with each other
economically.
E. never quite trusted the shogun and were always looking over their shoulders, expecting him to use their
samurai against them.
11. Initially Christian missionaries in Japan
A. were outlawed by the shogun.
B. were met with resistance from the samurai.
C. fomented civil war.
D. attempted to undermine Shinto.
E. converted many Japanese daimyo.

12. As a money economy emerged in Japan, merchants

A. dissolved the guilds that no longer served a purpose.
B. became wealthier than the shogun himself.
C. used currency in the cities but were forced to retain the barter system in the countryside.
D. became much wealthier and began to loan money, especially to the out-of-work samurai.
E. began to travel abroad to expand their business enterprises.

13. Tokugawa put down peasant rebellions by

A. hiring samurai mercenaries to take care of the situation.
B. promising to make major agrarian reforms.
C. decreasing the taxes levied on the peasants.
D. putting tens of thousands of peasants to death.
E. seizing weapons from the peasants.

14. Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, only the samurai and daimyo could
A. fight for the shogun.
B. own weapons.
C. trade with outsiders.
D. live in the capital city.
E. practice Christianity.

15. Christianity was persecuted, and some Christians put to death, by

A. Nobunaga.
B. Tokugawa.
C. Hideyoshi.
D. Tojo.
E. Sakoku.
16. The peasantry in Japan during the shogunate period was
A. less miserable than in earlier eras.
B. akin to the serfs of Europe.
C. vitally important to the growth of cities and were compensated accordingly.
D. more prestigious than in earlier days.
E. the best educated in Japan's history.

17. Sakoku was

A. Japan's native religion.
B. a form of puppetry.
C. government under Nobunaga.
D. a form of dramatic literature.
E. isolation from the outside world.

18. Under Tokugawa rule, the Japanese seat of government (the shogunate) was located at
A. Edo.
B. Kyoto.
C. Hojo.
D. Yokohama.
E. Nagasaki.

19. The emperor's role in Tokugawa Japan was markedly

A. military.
B. administrative.
C. religious.
D. ceremonial.
E. reformist.

20. The key component(s) to Tokugawa rule and policy was/were

A. the emperor.
B. Christian peasants.
C. the daimyo.
D. merchants.
E. the bushido.
21. The more important daimyo families resided near the shogun
A. in order to assist him.
B. as hostages for their clan's loyalty.
C. to be trained as entertainers.
D. to prevent their contact with Christians.
E. to be trained for the bureaucracy.

22. The Tokugawa shoguns maintained control mainly through

A. terror and executions.
B. hiring gangs of samurai.
C. supervision and surveillance.
D. being elected by daimyo members.
E. control of the merchant class.

23. The halting of foreign trade

A. caused growth in trade and population.
B. bankrupted Japanese cities.
C. turned Japan into an economic backwater.
D. initiated a bloody power struggle.
E. led to a samurai takeover of the government.

24. Haiku poetry reflects the Zen Buddhist concept that

A. all of life's events are worth preserving in verse.
B. life's greatest mysteries, in the hands of a master poet, can be explained in only seventeen syllables.
C. most of humankind is incapable of understanding the world's great mysteries - unlike the great poets.
D. the hardest concepts in life to understand can never be understood, so true poets never try.
E. it is impossible to deconstruct and understand the concepts that bother humans most - but they can be stated
clearly enough for reflection.

25. During the later Tokugawa period, Japanese began to emphasize ____ rather than Buddhist thought and
ideals.
A. Christian
B. Confucian
C. Shinto
D. Legalist
E. Western philosophical
26. The "floating worlds" refers to
A. Japanese churches.
B. Japanese Shinto shrines.
C. Japanese pleasure quarters.
D. Japanese miniature gardens.
E. Japanese goldfish ponds.

27. The nation that forced Japan to open up to foreign trade was
A. the United States.
B. England.
C. the Netherlands.
D. Portugal.
E. France.

28. The prevalence of Confucian secularism among the daimyo is significant because
A. it laid the future foundation for Japanese democracy.
B. it paved the way for acceptance of western technology.
C. it made possible the takeover of Tokugawa Ieyashu.
D. it set into motion a rich literary/artistic movement.
E. None of the options are correct.

29. The following phrase might be most indicative of Japanese attitudes toward the outside world:
A. "If something Western can be made to help our people, use it."
B. "They are intelligent but decadent."
C. "Japan will rule the world."
D. "Keep the hairy barbarians out."
E. "They have nothing to offer us."

30. Most Asian island residents eventually converted to

A. Christianity.
B. Buddhism.
C. Shintoism.
D. Daoism.
E. Islam.
31. Besides showing the Japanese people's closeness with nature, Japanese fine arts often portray more ____
than that of China.
A. humor
B. humility
C. hatred
D. happiness
E. health-consciousness.

32. Because of their growing wealth, Japanese merchants became

A. strong supporters of the arts.
B. of higher rank in society than were the daimyo.
C. guardians of Japan's history, hiring historians to work on conserving the past by writing it down.
D. large charitable donors.
E. strong rivals to the daimyo in showing which group was more art-savvy.

33. By the early 1800s, some Japanese officials and scholars had concluded that
A. Westerners must be kept out of their country at all costs.
B. they needed more knowledge about Western European science and medicine.
C. Japanese poetry was far superior to most European verse.
D. "Dutch medicine" was the only worthwhile kind.
E. they had fallen behind every European country except Russia.

34. The government system created by the shoguns in the 1600s

A. allowed the local chieftains called daimyo to rule unchecked.
B. was an imitation of the Chinese system of mandarin officials.
C. made the daimyo dependent on the shogun's favor.
D. used the emperor as military chief while the shoguns ruled all else.
E. provided imperial protection for the families of the daimyo.

35. The Shinto faith is best described as

A. the native Japanese religion.
B. the Japanese holy scripture.
C. a mixture of Christianity and Japanese pagan belief.
D. a variety of Buddhism imported from Korea.
E. a reaction to the proselytizing of the Jesuits.
36. The samurai of Japan could best be described as
A. a strong part of the shogunate period until the last shogun fell.
B. well respected by the civilian population because of their wonderful military skills.
C. having been converted to Christianity in greater numbers than any other group in Japan.
D. having lost their positions and their self-respect well before the shogunate came to an end.
E. the group hired by merchants to collect money owed to them that people were not repaying.

37. The feudal, centralized government ruling over Japan until 1867 was known as a(n)
____________________.
shogunate

38. The major Japanese religions are ____________________ and ____________________.

Shinto, Buddhism or
Buddhism, Shinto

39. ____________________ was the code of the samurai class.

Bushido

40. ____________________ is a Japanese dramatic form characterized by humor, realism, and violent actions.
Kabuki

41. After a 1637 revolt, being a Christian in Japan often meant ____________________.
death

42. The leading Jesuit Missionary to Japan was ____________________.

St. Francis Xavier

43. A decisive figure in pre-modern Japanese history, and founder of the last shogunate, was
____________________.
Tokugawa Ieyasu

44. The most important items brought to Japan by the Portuguese were ____________________.
firearms
Test Bank for World Civilizations Volume II Since 1500, 6th Edition

45. The port Dutch ships were allowed to dock at under sakoku was ____________________.
Nagasaki

46. In the 1600s, the three Japanese major cities were ____________________ than any European city.
larger

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