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Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities
for Riemann–Liouville fractional
integrals via two kinds of convexity
a a b
JinRong Wang , Xuezhu Li , Michal Fe[cbreve]kan & Yong Zhou
c

a
Department of Mathematics, Guizhou University, Guiyang,
Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
b
Department of Mathematical Analysis and Numerical
Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics,
Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
c
Department of Mathematics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan,
Hunan 411105, P.R. China
Published online: 27 Sep 2012.

To cite this article: Applicable Analysis (2012): Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for

Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals via two kinds of convexity, Applicable Analysis: An
International Journal, DOI: 10.1080/00036811.2012.727986

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 Applicable Analysis
2012, 1–13, iFirst

Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for Riemann–Liouville

fractional integrals via two kinds of convexity
JinRong Wanga*, Xuezhu Lia, Michal Fec̆kanb and Yong Zhouc
a
Department of Mathematics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China;
b
Department of Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Mathematics, Faculty of
Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina,
842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; cDepartment of Mathematics, Xiangtan University,
Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P.R. China
Downloaded by [Tulane University] at 10:32 03 August 2013

Communicated by G. N’Guerekata
(Received 25 July 2012; final version received 3 September 2012)

In this article, two fundamental integral identities including the second-

order derivatives of a given function via Riemann–Liouville fractional
integrals are established. With the help of these two fractional-type integral
identities, all kinds of Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities involving left-
sided and right-sided Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals for m-convex
and (s, m)-convex functions, respectively. Our methods considered here
may be a stimulant for further investigations concerning Hermite–
Hadamard-type inequalities involving Hadamard fractional integrals.
Keywords: m-convex functions; (s, m)-convex functions; Hermite–
Hadamard-type inequalities; Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals
AMS Subject Classifications: 26A33; 26A51; 26D15

1. Introduction
Let f : I  R ! R be a convex function on the interval I of real numbers and a, b 2 I
with a 5 b. Then, f satisfies the following well-known Hermite–Hadamard inequality
(Mitrinović and Lacković [1])
  Zb
aþb 1 f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ
f  f ðtÞdt  :
2 ba a 2
In many areas of analysis applications of Hermite–Hadamard inequality appear for
different classes of functions with and without weights; see for convex functions, for
example, Dragomir [2], Dragomir and McAndrew [3] and Merentesm and Nikodem
[4]. It is worthwhile mentioning that some researchers generalized the above classical
Hermite–Hadamard inequality via the following concepts of m-convexity and
(s, m)-convexity (see Toader [5], Bakula et al. [6] and Pinheiro et al. [7]).

*Corresponding author. Email: sci.jrwang@gzu.edu.cn

ISSN 0003–6811 print/ISSN 1563–504X online

 2012 Taylor & Francis
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036811.2012.727986
http://www.tandfonline.com
 2 J. Wang et al.

Definition 1.1 The function f : [0, b*] ! R is said to be m-convex, where m 2 [0, 1]
and b* 4 0, if for every x, y 2 [0, b*] and t 2 [0, 1], we have

f ðtx þ mð1  tÞ yÞ  tf ðxÞ þ mð1  tÞ f ð yÞ:

Definition 1.2 The function f: [0, b*] ! R is said to be (s, m)-convex, where
(s, m) 2 [0, 1]2 and b* 4 0, if for every x, y 2 [0, b*] and t 2 [0, 1], we have

f ðtx þ mð1  tÞ yÞ  ts f ðxÞ þ mð1  ts Þ f ð yÞ:

For recent results on such interesting and important inequalities for m-convexity
and (s, m)-convexity functions, one can see Bakula et al. [6,8], Ödemir et al. [9–12],
Set et al. [13] and Xi et al. [14].
Recently, Ödemir et al. [9,10] used the following two important integral identities
Downloaded by [Tulane University] at 10:32 03 August 2013

including the second-order derivatives to establish many interesting Hermite–

Hadamard-type inequalities for m-convexity and (s, m)-convexity functions,
respectively.
LEMMA 1.3 Let f : [a, b] ! R be twice differentiable mapping on (a, b) with a 5 b. If
f 00 2 L[a, b], then the following equality holds
Z Z
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ 1 b
ðb  aÞ2 1
 f ðtÞdt ¼ tð1  tÞ f 00 ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt:
2 ba a 2 0

LEMMA 1.4 Let f : [a, b] ! R be twice differentiable mapping on (a, b) with a 5 b and
m 2 (0, 1]. If f 00 2 L[a, b], then the following equality holds

Z Z
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ 1 mb
ðmb  aÞ2 1
 f ðtÞdt ¼ tð1  tÞ f 00 ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞdt:
2 mb  a a 2 0

Meanwhile, Sarikaya et al. [15] presented the following important integral

identity including the first-order derivative of f to establish many interesting
Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for convexity functions via Riemann–Liouville
fractional integrals of the order  2 Rþ.
LEMMA 1.5 Let f : [a, b] ! R be a differentiable mapping on (a, b) with a 5 b. If
f 0 2 L[a, b], then the following equality for fractional integrals holds

f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ
 ½ Jþ f ðbÞ þRL Jb f ðaÞ
2 2ðb  aÞ RL a
Z
ba 1
¼ ½ð1  tÞ  t  f 0 ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt, ð1Þ
2 0

where the symbol RL Jaþ f and RL Jb f denote the left-sided and right-sided Riemann–
Liouville fractional integrals of the order  2 Rþ are defined by
Z x
1
ðRL Jaþ f ÞðxÞ ¼ ðx  tÞ1 f ðtÞdt, ð0  a 5 x 5 bÞ,
ðÞ a
 Applicable Analysis 3

and
Z b
1
ðRL Jb f ÞðxÞ ¼ ðt  xÞ1 f ðtÞdt, ð0  a 5 x 5 bÞ,
ðÞ x

respectively. Here, () is the Gamma function.

Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematical analysis that studies the
possibility of taking real number powers or complex number powers of the
differentiation operator. For more details, one can see the monographs of Baleanu
et al. [16], Diethelm [17], Kilbas et al. [18], Lakshmikantham et al. [19], Miller and
Ross [20], Michalski [21], Podlubny [22] and Tarasov [23].
However, to the best of our knowledge, two fundamental integral identities
including the second-order derivatives of f via Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals
which are similar in Lemmas 1.3 and 1.4 have not been established extensively.
Motivated by [9,10,15], we will present two new important fractional-type integral
Downloaded by [Tulane University] at 10:32 03 August 2013

identities (Lemmas 2.1 and 3.1) and establish many new Hermite–Hadamard-type
inequalities involving left-sided and right-sided Riemann–Liouville fractional inte-
grals for m-convexity and (s, m)-convexity functions, respectively. The methods
considered here may be a stimulant for further investigations concerning Hermite–
Hadamard-type inequalities involving Hadamard fractional integrals.

2. Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for m-convex functions

In order to prove our main results, we need the following lemma.
LEMMA 2.1 Let f : [a, b] ! R be twice differentiable mapping on (a, b) with a 5 b. If
f 00 2 L[a, b], then the following equality for fractional integrals holds
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ
 ½ Jþ f ðbÞ þRL Jb f ðaÞ
2 2ðb  aÞ RL a
Z
ðb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
¼ f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt: ð2Þ
2 0 þ1
Proof By using (1), it suffices to verify that
Z 1
½ð1  tÞ  t  f 0 ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt
0
Z 1
1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
¼ ðb  aÞ f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt: ð3Þ
0 þ1
Note that
Z 1
½ð1  tÞ  t  f 0 ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt
0
Z 1
ð1  tÞþ1 þ tþ1
¼ f 0 ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞd
0 þ1
þ1 1
ð1  tÞ þtþ1 
¼ f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞ
0
þ1 0
 4 J. Wang et al.

Z
ð1  tÞþ1 þ tþ1 00
1
 ðb  aÞ f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt
0 þ1
Z1
f 0 ðbÞ  f 0 ðaÞ ð1  tÞþ1 þ tþ1 00
¼  ðb  aÞ f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt ð4Þ
þ1 0 þ1
and
Z b Z 1
0 0 00
f ðbÞ  f ðaÞ ¼ f ðxÞdx ¼ ðb  aÞ f 00 ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞdt: ð5Þ
a 0

Submitting (5) to (4), we obtain (3). This complete the proof. g

Next, we start to state the first theorem containing Hermite–Hadmard-type
inequality.
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THEOREM 2.2 Let f : [0, b*] ! R be a twice differentiable mapping with b* 4 0.

If j f 00 jq is measurable and m-convex on ½a, mb  for some fixed q  1, 0  a 5 b
and m 2 (0, 1] with mb  b , then the following inequality for fractional
integrals holds
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðb  aÞ  RL a þ RL b 

 00 q  1
ðb  aÞ2 j f ðaÞj þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
 :
2ð þ 1Þð þ 2Þ 2
Proof Firstly, we suppose that q ¼ 1. From Lemma 2.1, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðb  aÞ RL a þ RL b

Z
ðb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
 j f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞjdt, ð6Þ
2 0 þ1
because (1  t)þ1 þ tþ1  1 for any t 2 [a, b]. Since j f 00 j is m-convex on ½a, mb , we
know that for any t 2 [0, 1]
  
 b 
j f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞj  tj f ðaÞj þ mð1  tÞ f 00
00 00
:
m 
Therefore,
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðb  aÞ  RL a þ RL b

Z    
ðb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1  b 
 tj f 00 ðaÞj þ mð1  tÞ f 00 dt
2 0 þ1 m 
 00 
ðb  aÞ2 j f ðaÞj þ mj f 00 ðmb Þj
¼ ,
2ð þ 1Þð þ 2Þ 2
which completes the proof for this case.
 Applicable Analysis 5

Secondly, we suppose that q 4 1. Using Lemma 2.1 and the power mean
inequality for q, we obtain
Z 1
ð1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 Þj f 00 ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞjdt
0
Z 1 11q
þ1 þ1
 ð1  ð1  tÞ t Þdt
0
Z 1 1q
þ1 þ1 00 q
ð1  ð1  tÞ t Þj f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞj dt : ð7Þ
0

Since j f 00 jq is m-convex on ½a, mb , we know that for any t 2 [0, 1]

  q
 b 
j f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞj  tj f ðaÞj þ mð1  tÞ f 00
00 q 00 q
: ð8Þ
m 
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Hence, from (6), (7) and (8), we obtain

 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðb  aÞ  RL a þ RL b 

Z 1 1q 1
ðb  aÞ2
 ð1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 Þdt
2ð þ 1Þ 0
Z 1 1q
þ1 þ1 00 q
ð1  ð1  tÞ  t Þj f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞj dt ð9Þ
0

Z 1 11q
ðb  aÞ2 þ1 þ1
 ð1  ð1  tÞ  t Þdt
2ð þ 1Þ 0
Z 1    q  1q
 b 
ð1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 Þ tj f 00 ðaÞjq þ mð1  tÞ f 00 dt
0 m 
 11q  1q  00 q 1
ðb  aÞ2   j f ðaÞj þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
¼
2ð þ 1Þ  þ 2 þ2 2
 1
ðb  aÞ2 j f 00 ðaÞjq þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
¼ , ð10Þ
2ð þ 1Þð þ 2Þ 2
which completes the proof. g
Remark 2.3 With the same assumptions in Theorem 2.2. If j f 00 (x)j  M on ½a, mb , we
obtain
   1
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ
 ð þ 1Þ  

 Mðb  aÞ2 1þm q
  ½ J f ðbÞ þ J
RL b f ðaÞ 
 2ð þ 1Þð þ 2Þ ,
2ðb  aÞ RL a
þ
2 2
for q  1.
Now, we are ready to state the second theorem in this section.
 6 J. Wang et al.

THEOREM 2.4 Let f : [0, b*] ! R be a twice differentiable mapping with b* 4 0. If

j f 00 jq is measurable and m-convex on ½a, mb  for some fixed q 4 1, 0  a 5 b and
m 2 (0, 1] with mb  b , then the following inequality for fractional integrals holds
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J þ f ðbÞ þRL Jb f ðaÞ
 
 2 2ðb  aÞ RL a
 1p  00 q 1
ðb  aÞ2 2 j f ðaÞj þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
 1 ,
2ð þ 1Þ pð þ 1Þ þ 1 2
where 1p þ 1q ¼ 1.
Proof From Lemma 2.1 and using the well-known Hölder’s inequality, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J
f ðbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðb  aÞ  RL aþ RL b 
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Z
ðb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
 j f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞjdt
2 0 þ1
Z 1 1p Z 1 1q
ðb  aÞ2 þ1 þ1 p 00 q
 ð1  ð1  tÞ  t Þ dt j f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞj dt
2ð þ 1Þ 0 0
Z 1 1p
ðb  aÞ2 pðþ1Þ pðþ1Þ
 ð1  ð1  tÞ t Þdt
2ð þ 1Þ 0
 Z1   q Z 1 1q
 00 b 
00
j f ðaÞj q
tdt þ m f  ð1  tÞdt
0 m  0
 1p  00 q 1
ðb  aÞ2 2 j f ðaÞj þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
¼ 1 :
2ð þ 1Þ pð þ 1Þ þ 1 2
Here, we use

ð1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 Þq  1  ð1  tÞqðþ1Þ  tqðþ1Þ ,

for any t 2 [0, 1], which follows from

ðA  BÞq  Aq  Bq ,
for any A 4 B  0 and q  1. which completes the proof. g
COROLLARY 2.5 With the above assumptions given that j f 00 (x)j  M on ½a, mb , we
obtain
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðb  aÞ  RL a þ RL b 

 1  1
Mðb  aÞ2 2 p
1þm q
 1 :
2ð þ 1Þ pð þ 1Þ þ 1 2
Another Hermit–Hadamard-type inequality for powers in terms of the second
derivatives is obtained as following.
 Applicable Analysis 7

THEOREM 2.6 Let f : [0, b*] ! R be a twice differentiable mapping with b* 4 0. If

j f 00 jq is measurable and m-convex on ½a, mb  for some fixed q  1, 0  a 5 b and m 2 (0, 1]
with mb  b , then the following inequality for fractional integrals holds
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J þ f ðbÞ þRL Jb f ðaÞ
 
 2 2ðb  aÞ RL a
 1  1
ðb  aÞ2 qð þ 1Þ  1 q j f 00 ðaÞjq þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
 :
2ð þ 1Þ qð þ 1Þ þ 1 2
Proof From Lemma 2.1 and using the well-known Hölder’s inequality, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
   
   ½RL Jaþ f ðbÞ þRL Jb f ðaÞ
2 2ðb  aÞ
Z
ðb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
 j f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞjdt
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2 0 þ1
Z 1 1p Z 1 1q
ðb  aÞ2 þ1 þ1 q 00 q
 1dt ð1  ð1  tÞ  t Þ j f ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞj dt
2ð þ 1Þ 0 0
 Z1
ðb  aÞ2  
 j f 00 ðaÞjq t  ð1  tÞqðþ1Þ t  tqðþ1Þþ1 dt
2ð þ 1Þ 0
  q Z 1 1q
 00 b   

þ m f  ð1  tÞ  ð1  tÞ qðþ1Þþ1
t qðþ1Þ
ð1  tÞ dt
m  0
 1  1
ðb  aÞ2 qð þ 1Þ  1 q j f 00 ðaÞjq þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
¼ :
2ð þ 1Þ qð þ 1Þ þ 1 2
Here, we use
ð1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 Þq  1  ð1  tÞqðþ1Þ  tqðþ1Þ ,
for any t 2 [0, 1], which follows from
ðA  BÞq  Aq  Bq ,

for any A 4 B  0 and q  1. The proof is completed. g

Remark 2.7 From Theorems 2.2, 2.4 and 2.6, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
   
   ½RL Jaþ f ðbÞ þRL Jb f ðaÞ  minfK1 , K2 , K3 g
2 2ðb  aÞ
where
 00 q 1
ðb  aÞ2 j f ðaÞj þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
K1 ¼ ,
2ð þ 1Þð þ 2Þ 2
 1p  00 1
ðb  aÞ2 2 j f ðaÞjq þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
K2 ¼ 1 ,
2ð þ 1Þ pð þ 1Þ þ 1 2
 1  1
ðb  aÞ2 qð þ 1Þ  1 q j f 00 ðaÞjq þ mj f 00 ðmb Þjq q
K3 ¼ :
2ð þ 1Þ qð þ 1Þ þ 1 2
 8 J. Wang et al.

3. Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for (s, m)-convex functions

Before we prove our main results in this section, we give the following lemma.
LEMMA 3.1 Let f : [a, b] ! R be twice differentiable mapping on (a, b) with
a 5 mb  b. If f 00 2 L1[a, b], then the following equality for fractional integrals holds
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ
 ½ Jþ f ðmbÞ þRL Jmb f ðaÞ
2 2ðmb  aÞ RL a
Z
ðmb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
¼ f ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞdt:
2 0 þ1
Proof This is just Lemma 2.1 on the interval [a, mb]  [a, b]. g
THEOREM 3.2 Let f : [a, b] ! R be a twice differentiable mapping with a 5 b. If j f 00 jq
is measurable and (s, m)-convex on [a, b] for some fixed q  1 and (s, m) 2 (0, 1]2, then
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the following inequality for fractional integrals holds

 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J þ f ðmbÞ þRL Jmb f ðaÞ
 
 2 2ðmb  aÞ RL a
 11q   
ðmb  aÞ2  1 1
 j f 00 ðaÞjq  ðs þ 1,  þ 2Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ  þ 2 sþ1 þsþ2
 1q
1 2 1
þ mj f 00 ðbÞjq 1   þ ðs þ 1,  þ 2Þ þ ,
sþ1 þ2 þsþ2
where (x, y), x, y 4 0 is the beta function.
Proof Firstly, we suppose that q ¼ 1. From Lemma 3.1, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
   
   ½RL Jaþ f ðmbÞ þRL Jmb f ðaÞ
2 2ðmb  aÞ
Z
ðmb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
 j f ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞjdt: ð11Þ
2 0 þ1
Since j f 00 j is (s, m)-convex on [a, b], we know that for any t 2 [0, 1]

j f 00 ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞj  ts j f 00 ðaÞj þ mð1  ts Þj f 00 ðbÞj:

Therefore,
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðmbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðmb  aÞ  RL aþ RL mb 
Z
ðmb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 s 00
 ðt j f ðaÞj þ mð1  ts Þj f 00 ðbÞjÞdt
2 0 þ1
  
ðmb  aÞ2 1 1
¼ j f 00 ðaÞj  ðs þ 1,  þ 2Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ sþ1 þsþ2
 
00 1 2 1
þ mj f ðbÞj 1   þ ðs þ 1,  þ 2Þ þ ,
sþ1 þ2 þsþ2
which completes the proof for this case.
 Applicable Analysis 9

Secondly, we suppose that q 4 1. Using Lemma 3.1 and the power mean
inequality for q, we obtain
Z 1
ð1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 Þj f 00 ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞjdt
0
Z 1 11q
þ1 þ1
 ð1  ð1  tÞ t Þdt
0
Z 1 1q
þ1 þ1 00 q
ð1  ð1  tÞ t Þj f ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞj dt :
0

Since j f 00 j is (s, m)-convex on [a, b], we know that for any t 2 [0, 1]

j f 00 ðta þ ð1  tÞbÞjq  ts j f 00 ðaÞjq þ mð1  ts Þj f 00 ðbÞjq : ð12Þ

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Hence, from (11) and (12), we obtain

 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J
f ðmbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðmb  aÞ  RL a þ RL mb 

Z 1 11q
ðmb  aÞ2 þ1 þ1
 ð1  ð1  tÞ  t Þdt
2ð þ 1Þ 0
Z 1 1q
þ1 þ1 00 q
ð1  ð1  tÞ  t Þj f ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞj dt
0
Z 1 11q
ðmb  aÞ2 þ1 þ1
 ð1  ð1  tÞ  t Þdt
2ð þ 1Þ 0
Z 1 1q
ð1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 Þ½ts j f 00 ðaÞjq þ mð1  ts Þj f 00 ðbÞjq dt
0
 11q   
ðmb  aÞ2  00 q 1 1
¼ j f ðaÞj  ðs þ 1,  þ 2Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ  þ 2 sþ1 þsþ2
 1q
1 2 1
þ mj f 00 ðbÞjq 1   þ ðs þ 1,  þ 2Þ þ ,
sþ1 þ2 þsþ2
which completes the proof. g
COROLLARY 3.3 In Theorem 3.2, if we choose s ¼ m ¼ 1, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðb  aÞ  RL a þ RL b 

 11q   
ðb  aÞ2  00 q 1 1
 j f ðaÞj  ð2,  þ 2Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ  þ 2 2 þ3
 q
1
1 2 1
þ j f 00 ðbÞjq  þ ð2,  þ 2Þ þ :
2 þ2 þ3
 10 J. Wang et al.

THEOREM 3.4 Let f : [a, b] ! R be a twice differentiable mapping with a 5 b. If j f 00 jq

is measurable and (s, m)-convex on [a, b] for some fixed q 4 1and (s, m) 2 (0, 1]2, then
the following inequality for fractional integrals holds
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J þ f ðmbÞ þRL Jmb f ðaÞ
 
 2 2ðmb  aÞ RL a
 1p  1q
ðmb  aÞ2 2 1 s
 1 j f 00 ðaÞjq þ mj f 00 ðbÞjq ,
2ð þ 1Þ pð þ 1Þ þ 1 sþ1 sþ1
where 1p þ 1q ¼ 1.
Proof From Lemma 3.1 and using the well-known Hölder’s inequality, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J þ f ðmbÞ þRL Jmb f ðaÞ
 
 2 2ðmb  aÞ RL a
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Z
ðmb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
 j f ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞjdt
2 0 þ1
Z 1 1p Z 1 1q
ðmb  aÞ2 þ1 þ1 p 00 q
 ð1  ð1  tÞ  t Þ dt j f ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞj dt
2ð þ 1Þ 0 0
Z 1 1p
ðmb  aÞ2 pðþ1Þ pðþ1Þ
 ð1  ð1  tÞ t Þdt
2ð þ 1Þ 0
 Z1 Z1 1q
00 q s 00 q s
j f ðaÞj t dt þ mj f ðbÞj ð1  t Þdt
0 0
2 1p  1q
ðmb  aÞ 2 00 q 1 00 q s
¼ 1 j f ðaÞj þ mj f ðbÞj ,
2ð þ 1Þ pð þ 1Þ þ 1 sþ1 sþ1
which completes the proof. g
COROLLARY 3.5 In Theorem 3.4, if we choose s ¼ m ¼ 1, we obtain
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
   
   ½RL Jaþ f ðbÞ þRL Jb f ðaÞ
2 2ðb  aÞ
 1p  00 q 1
ðb  aÞ2 2 j f ðaÞj þ j f 00 ðbÞjq q
 1 :
2ð þ 1Þ pð þ 1Þ þ 1 2
THEOREM 3.6 Let f : [a, b] ! R be a twice differentiable mapping a 5 b. If j f 00 jq is
measurable and (s, m)-convex on [a, b] for some fixed q 4 1 and (s, m) 2 (0, 1]2, then the
following inequality for fractional integrals holds
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
   
   ½RL Jaþ f ðmbÞ þRL Jmb f ðaÞ
2 2ðmb  aÞ
  
ðmb  aÞ2 1 1
 j f 00 ðaÞjq  ðs þ 1, qð þ 1Þ þ 1Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ sþ1 qð þ 1Þ þ s þ 1
 1q
00 q 1 2 1
þ mj f ðbÞj 1   þ ðs þ 1, qð þ 1Þ þ 1Þ þ :
s þ 1 qð þ 1Þ þ 1 qð þ 1Þ þ s þ 1
 Applicable Analysis 11

Proof From Lemma 3.1 and using the well-known Hölder’s inequality, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðmbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðmb  aÞ  RL a þ RL mb 

Z
ðmb  aÞ2 1 1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 00
 j f ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞjdt
2 0 þ1
Z 1 1p Z 1 1q
ðmb  aÞ2
 1dt ð1  ð1  tÞþ1  tþ1 Þq j f 00 ðta þ mð1  tÞbÞjq dt
2ð þ 1Þ 0 0
 Z1
ðmb  aÞ2  
 j f 00 ðaÞjq ts  ð1  tÞqðþ1Þ ts  tqðþ1Þþs dt
2ð þ 1Þ 0
Z1 1q
00 q
 s qðþ1Þ s qðþ1Þ s

þ mj f ðbÞj ð1  t Þ  ð1  tÞ ð1  t Þ  t ð1  t Þ dt
0
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ðmb  aÞ2 00 q 1 1
¼ j f ðaÞj  ðs þ 1, qð þ 1Þ þ 1Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ sþ1 qð þ 1Þ þ s þ 1
 1q
00 q 1 2 1
þ mj f ðbÞj 1   þ ðs þ 1, qð þ 1Þ þ 1Þ þ ,
s þ 1 qð þ 1Þ þ 1 qð þ 1Þ þ s þ 1
which completes the proof. g
COROLLARY 3.7 In Theorem 3.6, if we choose s ¼ m ¼ 1, we obtain
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ 
 2 2ðb  aÞ  RL aþ RL b 
  
ðb  aÞ2 00 q 1 1
 j f ðaÞj  ð2, qð þ 1Þ þ 1Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ 2 qð þ 1Þ þ 2
 1q
1 2 1
þ j f 00 ðbÞjq  þ ð2, qð þ 1Þ þ 1Þ þ :
2 qð þ 1Þ þ 1 qð þ 1Þ þ 2
Remark 3.8 From Theorems 3.2, 3.4 and 3.6, we have
 
f ðaÞ þ f ðmbÞ ð þ 1Þ 
  ½ J 
f ðmbÞ þ J 
f ðaÞ   minfN1 , N2 , N3 g,
 2 2ðmb  aÞ  RL a þ RL mb 


where
  1  
ðmb  aÞ2  1q 00 q 1 1
N1 ¼ j f ðaÞj  ðs þ 1,  þ 2Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ  þ 2 sþ1 þsþ2
 1q
00 q 1 2 1
þ mj f ðbÞj 1   þ ðs þ 1,  þ 2Þ þ ,
sþ1 þ2 þsþ2
 1p  1q
ðmb  aÞ2 2 00 q 1 00 q s
N2 ¼ 1 j f ðaÞj þ mj f ðbÞj ,
2ð þ 1Þ pð þ 1Þ þ 1 sþ1 sþ1
  
ðmb  aÞ2 1 1
N3 ¼ j f 00 ðaÞjq  ðs þ 1, qð þ 1Þ þ 1Þ 
2ð þ 1Þ sþ1 qð þ 1Þ þ s þ 1
 12 J. Wang et al.

00 q 1 2
þ mj f ðbÞj 1   þ ðs þ 1, qð þ 1Þ þ 1Þ
s þ 1 qð þ 1Þ þ 1
1q
1
þ :
qð þ 1Þ þ s þ 1

4. Conclusions
This is the first extensive report of Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for
mappings whose second derivatives are m-convex and (s, m)-convex, respectively,
via fractional integrals. To achieve our goals, two new fundamental integral
identities including the second-order derivatives of a given function via Riemann–
Liouville fractional integrals are established. Further, we will establish other
different kinds of integral identities for twice differentiable convex mappings, which
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are connected with Hadamard’s inequality for Hadamard fractional integrals.

Acknowledgements
The first and the second authors acknowledge the support by NNSF of China (11201091) and
Key Projects of Science and Technology Research in the Chinese Ministry of Education
(211169); the third author acknowledges the support by Grants VEGA-MS 1-0507-11, VEGA-
SAV 2-0124-12 and APVV-0414-07; and the fourth author acknowledges the support by
NNSF of China (11271309), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher
Education (20114301110001) and Key Projects of Hunan Provincial Natural Science
Foundation of China (12JJ2001).

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