NOUNS – name words

PROPER Specific
COMMON General
CONCRETE Nahahawakan (senses)
ABSTRACT Di nahahawakan
(feelings)
COUNT 1,2,3
MASS 1 kilo, 1 sack
COLLECTIVE Group, crowd,
populaltion

LITERATURE – study of letters

“litera” Letters
ORAL Mouth
WRITTEN Write
VISUAL Paintings, art

TYPES OF LITERATURE
PROSE POETRY
Express thoughts and Intense emotion
feelings in lucid way Unique style
Direct Expressive / Decorated
Straight forward Imaginative
Pragmatic Experience
Message / Info To delight / amuse
Paragraphs Stanzas

TYPES OF PROSE
BIOGRAPHY Life story
ESSAY Opinion / viewpoint
SHORT STORIES 1 plot & impression
Dead Stars – Model of PERFECTION
(Paz Marquez Benitez)
NOVEL Chapters
 Barlaan at Josaphat - 1st TAGALOG Novel
(Fray Antonio de Borja)
 ANECDOTE Life lessons
PLAY Acts and Scenes
LEGEND Origins
FABLES Animal Stories
AESOP FABLES - Collection of Fables
PANCHATANTRA – Indian Fables

TYPES OF POETRY
NARRATIVE Story telling
 EPIC: heroic exploits
Biag ni Lam-ang : Ilocano
Beowulf: Anglo-Saxon
Iliad and Odyssey: Homer

 TALE: Imaginative Narrative

 BALLAD: Narrative poem to be SUNG

LYRIC Poem intended to be

sung
 FOLKSONG: Awiting Bayan (Sarung
Banggi, Leron Leron Sinta)

OYAYI: Pampatulog bata

DIONA: Kasal
UMBAY: Libing
TALINDAW: Pamamangka
SOLIRANIN: Paggawa
DALIT / IMNU: Diyos at Diyosan
KUNDIMAN: Pag-ibig

 SONNET: 14 Lines; William Shakespeare

*Love Sonnets: Ophelia Dimalanta

 ELEGY: Song for the Dead

 EULOGY: Message for the dead
 ODE: Ceremonious Lyric Poem (Ceremony)

 PSALMS: Worship
PSALMS OF KING DAVID: Greatest Lyric
poem

 AWIT: Slow, 12 Syllables,

Lalabindalawahin, Dodecasyllabic
FLORANTE AT LAURA

 CORRIDO: Fast, 8 syllablesm

Wawaluhin, Octosyllabic
IBONG ADARNA

DRAMATIC
TRAGEDY Struggles
COMEDY Amusement
 PASTORAL: life in rural areas
 PERSONA POEM: Dramatic
Monologue
 BLANK VERSE: With Meter, No Rhyme
 FREE VERSE: Without Meter, No
rhyme

JAPANESE POEMS
HAIKU TANKA
3 lines 5 lines
17 syllables 31 syllables
Nature Love and Nature
Matsuo Basho
5-7-5 5-7-5-7-7
 FILIPINO WRITERS
- “Doveglion” (Dove,
Eagle, Lion)
JOSE GARCIA VILLA - Comma Poet
st
- 1 National Artist –
Literature
- Fil- Spanish Influence
NICK JOAQUIN (HISPANIC)
“Quijano de Manila” - May Day Eve
(Technique: Telescopic)
- Filipino-American
BIENVENIDO - Fiction, Non-Fiction
SANTOS & Poetry
- Scent of Apples
- Father of MODERN
Poetry
ALEJANDRO G. - Ako ang Daigdig
ABADILLA (Malayang Tula)
- Challenged
established forms
GENOVEVA MATUTE - Kuwento ni Mabuti
- 1st Palanca Awardee
FRAY JUAN DE Doctrina Christiana
PLASENCIA (1st Book)
- Labor Leader
- Manunulat ng mga
AMADO HERNANDEZ Manggagawa
- Isang Dipang
Langit
- Luha ng Buwaya
- Father of
SOVERINO REYES TAGALOG Drama
(Lola Basyang) - Ama ng Sarsuelang
Tagalog
- Walang Sugat
LOPE K. SANTOS - Ama ng Balarilang
Filipino
 - Father of Filipino
Grammar
- Banaag at Sikat
PEDRO BUKANEG - Father of ILOCANO
Literature
- Biag ni Lam-ang
F. SIONIL JOSE Rosales Saga
ALEJANDRO ROCES Humorous Short
Stories
AMBETH OCAMPO Rizal Fan
Ang Sampaguitang
IÑIGO ED REGALADO Walang Bango
(Pagtataksil sa
asawa)
LIWAYWAY ARCEO Uhaw ang Tigang
na Lupa
AURELIO Kahapon, Ngayon
TOLENTINO at Bukas
A child of Sorrow
ZOILO GALANG (1st Filipino Film
with English Title
MARCELO H. DEL Caiigat Cayo
PILAR
FRANCISCO Florante at Laura
BALTAZAR

FERNANDO AMORSOLO
“Grand Old Man of Philippine Art”

CARLOS V. FRANCISCO
Visual Arts

KATY DELA CRUZ

Bodabil Queen
 RECREATIONAL PLAYS
CENACULO Life, death & passion
SALUBONG - Encounter of risen
Christ
- Easter Sunday
- Mary and Jesus
MORIONES Marinduque
MORO Christians & Muslim
ZARZUELA 3 acts of Melodrama
Men’s passion & emotion
TIBAG Devotion for the Holy
Cross
PANUNULUYAN Stay in Bethlehem for
Jesus Christ’s birth
FARCE/ FORCE Comedic Play
DRAMA
CARILLO Moonless night
Shadow Play
SAINETE Exaggerated Comedy
KARAGATAN Death of a person
DUPLO Replacement of
Karagatan
BODABIL Replaced Zarzuela
BALAGTASAN Skill in debate
Replaced Duplo

*LAS POSADAS (Mexican) – PANUNULUYAN

 FIGURES OF SPEECH
SIMILE Indirect Comparison
METAPHOR Direct Comparison
LET: “The second time, it was a snake”
PERSONIFICATION Give life to non living
things
ONOMATOPOEIA Sounds
HYPERBOLE Exaggerated
IRONY Sarcasm
EUPHEMISM Offensive
ALLUSION Indirect Reference
 Great Books: Bible
 Mythology: God and Goddesses
 History: “You are my waterloo”
APOSTROPHE Talking to no life “Oh!”
2 opposite words
OXYMORON joined together
Bittersweet, sweet sorrow
METONYMY Associated
King & Queen = Crown
Part to mean the whole
SYNECHDOCHE Wheels = car
“Green thumb”
ALLITERATION Repetition of INITIAL
Peter piper picked…
Repetition of VOWEL
ASSONANCE sounds
He eats the sweet treats

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
RED LETTER Holiday
COME RAIN OR Kahit anong mangyari
SHINE
FORTUNE FVAOURS Courageous action is
THE BOLD often rewarded
THE FACE THAT Helen of Troy
LAUNCHED A
 THOUSAND SHIPS
OUT OF THE FRYING
PAN AND INTO THE Worsen
FIRE
BEATS AROUND THE Avoids the main topic
BUSH
FINGER IN THE PIE Take a part of something
STORM IN A TEACUP Bale wala

PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS (LAR BSM)

LISTENING Same sounds initial,
middle, end
ALLITERATION Initial
RHYMING End
BLENDING Sound before word
SYLLABICATION Chunking (word before
sound)
Add/delete/substitute
MODIFICATION Highest order
Nail - snail

SPEECH PRODUCTION PROCESS

RESPIRATION / Lungs, diaphragm
BREATHING
PHONATION Sound only
Use of tongue, teeth, jaw
ARTICULATION (UNDERSTANDING)
*palate lips
Noise, windpipe, nasal
RESONATION cavity
(PAGPAPALAKAS NG
TUNOG)
Intonation, stress, tone
PROSODY (Para may dating ang tunog)
VOICELESS SOUND Without vibration
(p,f)
VOICE With vibration
(b,v)

TONGUE Point of articulation for

all vowels
LARYNX Voice box
PHONEME Smallest sound /
reading
SYLLABLES Combination of
phonemes
MORPHEME Smallest unit of words
with meaning

TAG QUESTIONS
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE TAG
STATEMENT
NEGATIVE POSITIVE TAG
STATEMENT
*Same tense*

MATHEMATICS
ANSWERS HINT IN QUESTIONS
SUPPLEMENTARY Equal / parallel
12 9&12, 12&16
102.5 degrees 25 more than supplement
145°, 35°, 145° Parallelogram is 35°
2550 30 tests is 85 - (mean)
87 Median
Probability that is 3 red
NOT blue = 7/12 4 white
5 blue
 ELEMENTS OF STATE
POPULATATION People
TERRITORY Boundaries
GOVERNMENT Working agency
SOVEREIGNITY Freedom

CLASSIFICATION OF RIGHTS
NATURAL God given
CONSTITUTIONAL Conferred by the
constitution
a. POLITICAL: direct / indirect participation in
government
b. CIVIL: Enjoyment and happiness
STATUTORY Provided by laws

WRIT OF AMPARO Life, liberty, security

WRIT OF HABEAS Information Privacy
DATA
WRIT OF HABEAS Show witness
CORPUS
WRIT OF KALIKASAN Ecology
QUO WARRANTO Credibility of the person

PEN NAMES
PIPING DILAT Marcelo H. Del Pilar
SILING LABUYO
TAGA ILOG Antonio Luna
LAON LAAN Jose Rizal
DIMASALANG
POTACIO Juan Luna
BINI Apolinario Mabini
TIKBALANG MarIano Ponce
DIMAS-ILAW Emilio Jacinto
MADLANG-AWA Pio Valenzuela
 MAGDALO Emilio Aguinaldo
DIEGO LAURA Graciano Lopez Jaena
-AGAPITO
BAGUMBAYAN Andres Bonifacio
-MAYPAGASA
(warname)
KINTING KULIRAT Valeriano Peña
HUSENG SISIW Jose Dela Cruz
HUSENG BATUTE Jose Corazon de Jesus

JOSE RIZAL
Greatest Hero of the Malayan Rice
Founder of Philippine Nationalism
Polyglot
ATENEO Elementary
FEB 15, 1889 – NOV La Solidaridad
15, 1895
DR. FERDINAND Bestfriend of Rizal
BLUMENTRITT
PAHIMAKAS Ang huling paalam

SCIENCE

Studied extensively the human side of enterprise

ABRAHAM MASLOW

More Important
PHYSIOLOGICAL

Most Basic Need

HYDRATION

Desert plant - few or no leaves because:

TO DECREASE TRANSPIRATION
 REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL SEXUAL
1 parent 2 parents
Exact copy Variation
Fission: bacteria Female horse + Male
Budding: corals Donkey = Mule
Fragmentation: planarian (Sterile)

DIFFUSION High region to low

region
OSMOSIS Low region to high
region
Hypertonic: shrink (cell shrivel)
Isotonic
Hypotonic: swell
Force exerted by
TURGOR PRESSURE particles to go through /
exit the cell

PANCREAS Organ that secretes

insulin
LIVER Secretes bile
GAL BLADDER Storage of Bile
THYROID Iodine

Proton = Electron
Atomic Number = Proton
Atomic Mass = Proton + Neutron
 8 REPERESENTATIVES OF TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
I ALKALI
II ALKALINE EARTH
III BORON
IV CARBON (coinage)
V NITROGEN
VI OXYGEN (calcogen)
VII HALOGEN (salt formers)
VIII NOBLE GAS (most stable)

DMITRI MENDELEEV Table of Elements

THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

MESOSPHERE Fire
IONOSPHERE Ions form
THERMOSPHERE Protect from UV light
(filter)
STRATOSPHERE Ozone layer
EXOSPHERE Final frontier

NEPTUNE
Discovered through mathematical calculation
Greek & Roman Mythology
God of Sea

RESEARCH VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
Experimental / Criterion/ Outcome
Treatment
CAUSE EFFECT
 BANTAS
TULDOK .
PANANONG ?
PADAMDAM !
KUWIT ,
KUDLIT ‘
-
GITLING Mga salitang di pwede
pagsamahin
:
TUTULDOK liham pangangalakal,
enumeration
;
TULDOK-KUWIT mga pangungusap na
di magkasama
PANIPI “ “
PANAKLONG ( ) source
TUTULDOK-TUTULDOK …
O ELIPSIS
PALUGIT Margin (pasulat)
PASOK Indention (bagong talata)

TAYUTAY
PAGTUTULAD Simile
PAGWAWANGIS Metaphor
PAGSASATAO Personification
PAGHIHIMIG Onomatopoeia
PAGMAMALABIS Hyperbole
PAGTAWAG
PAG-UYAM Irony
PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG
PAGPAPALIT- Synechdoche
SAKLAW
ANAPORA
EPIPORA
ANADIPLOSIS
ALITERASYON
ASONANS
KONSONANS