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LEA-4 - N/a

Bs Criminology (New Era University)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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MODULE 1 - HISTORY OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

POLICE
- refers to a body of civil authority, which is tasked to maintain peace and order, enforce the law,
protect lives and properties and ensure public safety.
- a public official with an extraordinary power to make an arrest and performing direct police
functions.
Article XVI, sec 6, 1987 constitution
“The state shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be national in scope and civilian in
character, to be administered and controlled by a National Police Commission. The authority of local
executives over the police units in their jurisdiction shall be provided for by law”.
(Aquino Administration)

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the city
POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the state or government
POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the English language

ORGANIZATION
- a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives
- a form of human association for the attainment of a goal or objective
- the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating
responsibility and authority, establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people work
effectively

POLICE ORGANIZATION
a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order, protection of
life and property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes.

SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
According to Robert Peel “The police is the community and the community is the police.”

1. Peace keeping
2. Peace making
3. Team policing

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws

1. BFP
2. BIR
3. BID
4. LTO
5. NBI

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ADMINISTRATION
- an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal
operating efficiency
- connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively routine decision-making and maintenance of
the internal order

POLICE/LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

• the process involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper obedience of laws and related statutes
• focuses on the policing process or how law enforcement agencies are organized and managed in
order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively, efficiently and productively

PERSONNEL
• Personnel are the people who are working for a specific company or on a specific project.
• People employed in an organization or engaged in an organized undertaking such as military service

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
Personnel Management is that part of management process which is primary concerned with the
human constituents of an organization.
It also refers to that specialized branch of management which is concerned with solving the human
problems of an organization intelligently and equitably in a manner that not only the employee
potentials are developed but maximum satisfaction is also achieved by the individual, the group and the
executives or managers and the goals of the organization are accomplished to the fullest possible
extend.

POLICE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

the art of preparing, organizing and directing the efforts of members of a police force in order that they
may achieve the accomplishment of the police purpose. The primary objective of an effective police
personnel management is the establishment and maintenance for the public service of a competent and
well-trained police force.

THREE (3) GENERAL CATEGORIES OF POLICE ACTIVITIES

1. Primary, Line or Operation Police Functions. Refer to activities such as patrol work, traffic
control/management, criminal investigation, juvenile and vice control. Sometimes intelligence is
classified as line function. The Accomplishment of these primary tasks should achieve the police
objectives.
2. Secondary, Auxiliary or Service Functions. It take charge of transportation, communication,
property supply, records, laboratory, jail or custody maintenance and identification. These tasks
shall assist and effectively support the primary tasks in the accomplishment of the police
objectives.
3. Administrative or Managerial Functions. It include personnel, intelligence, inspection, planning
activities, budgeting, training and public relations. These tasks should assist and
effectively support the primary and secondary police tasks in the attainment of the police
objectives.

ADMINISTRATIVE, SECONDARY, PRIMARY

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AYAN ANG PAGKASUNOD-SUNOD NILA HUWAG KANG BOBO

TYPES OF ORGANIZATION
1. THE LINE ORGANIZATION
• Is the simplest perhaps the oldest type.
• The channels of authority and responsibility extend in a direct line from top to bottom within the
structure. Authority is definite and absolute.

2. THE FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION

· Unlike the line type of structure, establishments organized on the functional basis VIOLATE the
prime rule that men perform best when they have but one supervisor (they have 2 or more supervisor).

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

Historical Background of the Philippine Police System

The Local Police

The Barangay Period

Prior to Spanish colonization, the Philippines was divided into political units called
the Barangay. Each barangay was headed or ruled by a Datu whose responsibility, aside from exercising
all the powers – executive, legislative and judicial was to maintain peace and order within his
jurisdiction. The Datu designated from among his warriors a chief warrior who, together with some
subordinates were charged with the duty to enforce the decrees, customs and traditions as well as
practices and usages. The chief warrior was then in effect the chief of police.

American Period
1. ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary” enacted on July 18, 1901

CAPT. HENRY ALLEN

The first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901
ACT NO 183 – created the Manila Police Department (WPD), enacted on July 31, 1901
CAPT GEORGE CURRY
The first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901
ACT NO 255 – the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary, enacted on
October 3, 1901

Post – American Period

RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on September 8,
1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and
professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM was
renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)

Martial Law Period

PD 765 – otherwise know as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the
Integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense
Transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National Defense

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Post Martial Law Regime

Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the administrative control and supervision of the INP from the
Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission
RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,
enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National Police,
Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety
College

The principal authors of the Republic Act 6975 were Senators Ernesto Maceda and Aquilino Pimentel,
Congressmen Jose Cojuanco Jr. and Rodrigo Gutang. They moved for the PNP’s creation to
professionalize the police force and make it susceptible to the plight of the general public.

RA 8551 – otherwise as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1988, enacted
on February 25, 1988; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975
RA 9708 – law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August
2009
“AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YERS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLAYING WITH THE
MINUMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
(PNP) AND ADJUSTING THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE PERTINENT
PROVISIONS OF REPULIC ACT NO 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO 8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

Spanish Regime
Police functions during the Spanish Regime consist mainly of the following: (a) the suppression of
brigandage by patrolling unpacified areas; (b) the detection of local or petty uprisings by spying upon the
work and movements of the people; and (c) the enforcement of tax collection including church
revenues.

a) Carabineros de SeguridadPublica (1712). Armed with carbines, this police body was organized for the
purpose of carrying out the regulations of the department of State. It became police-like when
reorganized and named Cuerpo de SeguridadPublica (Corps of Carrabineros for Public Security). Its
specific duties were watching and guarding the custom houses, rivers, seacoasts, tobacco warehouses
and the prevention of entry of contraband. It developed into a more special kind of police for land and
sea.

b) The Cuadrilleros (1836). It was a body of police organized in each town during the Spanish Regime.
The Royal Decree which established it provided that five percent of the able-bodied male inhabitants of
each province was to be enlisted in this organization for three years. The duties consisted
of maintaining peace and order in the towns, patrolling, guarding the tribunal and prison cells, and
other odd duties in the town. Each member of the organization in each town were formed into
company. Administered like a military unit, having officers of different ranks and enlisted men of
different grades.

c) The Guardia Civil (1852). This police institution was created to partially relieve the colonial army
troops of their work in policing the towns. But since those duties were not wholly police in nature, it did
not advance the development of the local police. On the contrary, being a part of the army in fact, it

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strengthened the old doctrine of military control in civil affairs. It was very military in organization and
control in the same way that the Philippine Constabulary is built and administered.

As national police body the Guardia Civil was instrumental in checking highway robbery to a certain
extent. Its utility, however, was impaired for it was misused in apprehending political offenders, in
detecting the enemies of the church, and in framing up cases to compromise persons who
were persona-non-grata to the ruling power or to the henchman of the church authorities. So, it was
hated and feared by all: rightly feared by the outlaws and hated by the peaceful citizens.

The Revolutionary Government Period

When the Filipinos revolted against the Spanish rule, the Insurrectos emerged to exercise police
authority over the areas within their jurisdiction. With their de facto government they imposed taxation,
military conscription and was responsible for the peace and order situation in general.

PDG CEZAR NAZARENO - Who the first Filipino chief of the Philippine National Police?

IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING

BRIG GEN RAFAEL CRAME - the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917
COL ANTONIO TORRES - the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1935
COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA - the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in 1946
P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO - the first chief of the Philippine National Police

HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF
1990, RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998 and
RA 9708

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG)

• formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
• reorganized under RA 6975
• the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975
• headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and who shall serve at the pleasure of
the President
• the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
• Undersecretary for Local Government
• Undersecretary for Peace and Order
• No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be appointed as Secretary within one (1)
year from date of retirement or resignation
• the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission
• refer to the organizational chart of DILG
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
 under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge with external security
while the DILG was in charge with internal security
 under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines is now in charge with both internal and
external security with the PNP as support through information gathering and performance of
ordinary police functions

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NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

 an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination
 shall exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the PNP
COMPOSITION:
 consist of a chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as ex officio
member
 shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without reappointment or extension
 three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector and not former members
of the police or military
 the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either active or
retired
 at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman
 from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall
be chosen
 the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE REGULAR COMMISSIONERS

 citizens of the Philippines
 lawyers with at least five (5) years’ experience in handling criminal or human rights cases; or
 holders of a master’s degree in public administration, sociology, criminology, criminal justice, law
enforcement and other related disciplines
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

1. Commission Proper
2. Staff Services
3. Planning and Research
4. Legal Affairs
5. Crime Prevention and Coordination
6. Personnel and Administrative Service
7. Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation
8. Installations and Logistics
9. Financial Service
10. Disciplinary Appellate Boards

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

 organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551
 a law enforcement agency under the operational control of the Department of the Interior and
Local Government and administrative supervision of the National Police Commission
 it is an organization that is national in scope and civilian in character, as provided by Article XVI,
Section 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:
 “The state shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be national in scope and
civilian in character…”
 headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director General, appointed by the President and
who shall serve a term of office of four (4) years

NATIONAL IN SCOPE

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 means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction covers the
entire breadth of the Philippine archipelago all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the
PNP are national government employees
CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER
 means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although it retains some military attributes
such as discipline
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP

1. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice
and assist in their prosecution;
4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with the
Constitution and pertinent laws;
5. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law, informing the
person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;
7. Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue licenses to
operate security agencies and to security guards and private detectives, for the purpose of their
professions.

MODULE 2 - POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS

POLICE PATROL OPERATION
ORIGIN OF THE WORD
POLITEIA = Greek word, origin of the word “POLICE”.
= The Romans changed it to POLITIA and the French to POLICE and applied it to those persons who
actually enforce the law.

PATROUILLER = origin of the word “PATROL”, meaning rough by, to travel on foot.

PART I
POLICE PATROL OPERATION

OVERVIEW OF PATROL
1. Patrol is the only unit working round the clock.
2. Patrol is the working horse of the Police Department.
3. Patrol is the Backbone of Police Department.
4. Patrol is the Operational Heart of Police Organization in crime prevention.
5. Patrol is the Show Window of Police Department
6. Patrol is the center or focal point of all police activities.
7. Patrol is very vital to police organization because society cannot exist without people who will help
maintain law and order.

BRIEF HISTORY OF PATROL

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The history of patrol is as old as organized society. Men have always needed protection, first from
animals, and then his own kind. His first attempt is to protect himself and his family which involves
barricading the entrance to his cave.
The word police originated from the Greek word “Politeia” meaning government of the city. It is applied
to civil officers necessarily policemen. The Romans changed it slightly to "Politia” The France changed it
to Police and applied it to those persons who actually enforce the law.

DEFINITION OF PATROL
 The essence of police function
 Backbone of the police department
 Refers to the regular tour by a guard in a place to maintain order
 Persons to carry out tour of certain place to provide protection

PATROL
P – olicemen
A – ssigned
T–o
R – estored
O – order In the
L - ocality

Patrol as the Backbone of The Police Department

This statement is often made that the Patrol Division is the "backbone of the police department and this
statement is very true for the following reason:
a. It is the only division that cannot be eliminated.
b. Almost all police function had been vested to the patrol division
c. The patrol division is often the only one to work on a twenty-four-hour basis

FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PATROL

1. Preventive Enforcement
Preventive enforcement falls under the heading of protection, and involves the prevention of crime
through the noticeable presence of police vehicles and personnel.
Sir Robert Peel first presented preventive enforcement as a criminological philosophy. And this had been
regarded as the soundest of all criminological theories. It is much easier to patch a crack in the dike than
to repair the wall after it has broken. An ounce of prevention being worth a pound of cure.

2. Selective Enforcement
Even though our present patrol division is extremely mobile, it cannot completely cover all of the area or
beat assigned to its patrol units. The only logical solution to the problem is selective enforcement. In
other words, go to either where the trouble is, or where the trouble likely to occur.
Selective enforcement has proven to be a very effective technique in the patrol procedure. If a certain
area is subject to a high crime rate, the patrol cars spend a greater part of their patrolling time in that
area.

3. Traffic Enforcement

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Large police departments have traffic divisions, but the majorities of the departments are small, and
have only patrol division to handle traffic enforcement.
Traffic enforcement is strongly dependent upon personal contact between the patrol officers and the
violators. There is much argument about the effectiveness of giving verbal warning versus the issuing of
citations, and there are good points to both sides of the arguments, but department policy has always
the last word. The important thing is that the violator is stopped and the violation is brought to his
attention.

4. Emergency call for Service

One of the duties and purposes of patrol is the handling of emergency calls for service. The police
vehicle had been equipped as an emergency vehicle, and special laws had been passed exempting the
police officer from the normal rules of the road when responding to an emergency.

5. Routine Call for Service

Routine call account for the majority of services provided by the patrol division. Because of this, officers
have to guard against becoming callused and indifferent to calls of this nature.

PATROL THEORIES
Theory of Police Omnipresence
 high police visibility, discourage criminals, this theory applies the principle of overt operation.
Low profile theory Low police visibility increase the opportunity
 to apprehend criminals, this theory applies the principle of covert operation.

PATROL METHODS
Beat patrol
a) Foot patrol
b) Bicycle patrol
Sector patrol
a) Automobile
b) Motorcycle
c) Aircraft
Specialized patrol
a) Horse
b) Marine
c) Canine
d) Special terrain

FOOT PATROL

 Is restricted to small areas and used to deal with special situations while maintaining radio
contact with officers in patrol cars.

post- fixed position

Beat-smallest area

TYPES OF FOOT PATROL

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Fixed post patrol

- Is usually for traffic, surveillance, parades, and special events.

Mobile foot patrol

There is considerable foot movement such as patrolling business and shopping centers, high
crime areas, and places where there are many multiple family dwellings

AUTOMOBILE PATROL
 Patrol car is the most extensively used and the most effective means of transportation for police
on patrol.
 Has the greatest mobility and flexibility.
 Most experts on patrol operation agreed that it is the most cost-effective method of patrol.

BICYCLE PATROL

Bicycle patrol has long been a part of the patrol services of most countries throughout the world since
the bicycle was first developed. First is economical. Secondly it is quiet and can be used to patrol an area
without alerting the criminals. With the development of the small compact transistor radio, the bicycle
can be radio equipped.

HORSE PATROL

Next to walking patrol, the horse patrol is one of the oldest types of patrol The following are some of the
more common uses of the Horse patrol
a) Park Patrol
b) Beach Patrol
c) Posse and Search
d) Parade and Crowd Control

DOGS/K-9 PATROL

"Police Dogs should never be used to replace police officers. They are supplementary forces that can aid
the officer in better performing his duty.

A single K-9 team was able to complete building searches seven times faster than four officers working
together were to search the same building

And while the dog team found the hidden suspects 93 percent of the time, the human officers found
(hidden suspects) only 53 percent.

A dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10 million times better than a human can.

AIR PATROL

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Advantages of Helicopter Patrol

1. Improves response time to emergency calls for service.
2. Increase prevention of crime.
3. Improved efficiency of regular patrol units through air borne information
4. Increase ability in conducting roof searches for suspected felons
5. Easier location of both lost and escaped persons
6. A better system of floodlighting areas at night
7. Information can be broadcast to large areas through airborne loudspeakers

BOAT PATROL

Since man has usually founded and built his cities next to some river or body of water, it is conceivable
that the use of boats in the enforcement of the law has been a type of patrol since the dawn of history.
The recorded history of our earliest civilization indicates the use of tariffs. Where there are tariffs there is
smuggling, and the control of smuggling in any community near water necessitates the use of water
patrol.

MOTORCYCLE PATROL

The use of the motorcycle as a means of police transportation is almost as old as that of the automobile

Although the use of motorcycles has lost ground to the used of patrol cars in recent years, their need of
congested traffic will insure their continued use as a form of police patrol. The two wheeled motorcycle
is quite adaptable to traffic enforcement, parades, and escort duty. It has the disadvantages of being
used only, of causing a greater number of accidents which are usually quite serious.

Strategic Objectives:

a. High visibility police presence

b. Feeling of security for law abiding

c. Feeling of fear for would be criminal

d. Feeling of confidence for the public that police are constantly available

The Traditional Foot Patrol Pattern

1. Clockwise Patrol Pattern
 Short beats well for foot patrol.
 Rectangular/square size of beat.
2. Counter-clockwise Patrol Pattern
 The reverse of clockwise pattern with the same characteristic of an area to be patrolled.

3. Zigzag of Free-Wheeling Patrol Pattern

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 Done by patrolling the streets within the perimeter of the beat not at random but with
definite target location where he knows his presence is necessary.
4. Straightway and Criss-cross Patrol Pattern
 Hazard oriented patrol.

Team Policing: Cause and Effects

1. Reduce the crime rate and increase crime
2. Increase the community participation in crime clearance control
3: Reduce public fear on crime
4. Improve police community relation
5. Increase police morale and their line of job satisfaction
6. Facilitate career development

Core Components of Cops

There are three Core Components of COPS.
1. Full-Service Policing namely
2. Problem Solving
3. Community Partnership

Elements Of Cops
To complete and consolidate our grasp with COPS, the nine elements of COPS shall be enumerated and
concisely explained. They are also known as the nine P's, as all the elements start with letter P.
1. Philosophy
2. Personalized
3. Patrols
4. Permanent
5. Place
6. Pro-active
7. Policing
8. Problem Solving
9. Partnership

UNITED STATES
Ø Boston = in 1636 formed the first Night Watch
Ø New York = after 20 years, formed a Ratelwatch
Ø Philadelphia = 20th century, formed a Watchman, a system of obligated duty for citizens
The American Watchman was called “Leatherheads” because they wore varnished leather hats.
Ø 1833 = Philadelphia instituted the first daytime paid police service.
Ø 1844 = New York organized the First Modern American Police Force based on English Metropolitan
Police System.
Ø Pendleton Act of 1883 = an act that established the Civil Service for federal employees
Ø 1920’s = modern period in patrol began with the use of automobile patrol and voice radio
communications.

PHILIPPINES
Ø Section 2275, Book III, Title IX, Art. XI of the Revised Administrative Code of the Philippines =
authorizes a mayor upon approval of the governor to require all able-bodied male residents between the
ages of 18 and 30 year old, to assist for a period of five days in any one month in apprehending outlaws

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or other law breakers and act as PATROLS for the protection of municipality, not exceeding one day in
each week.
Ø Metropolitan Police Force (MPF) = established as the police force in Manila on January 9, 1901
Ø Gen. Arthur McArthur (Father of Douglas MacArthur) = first District Director of MPF
Ø July 31, 1901 = MPF evolved into Manila Police Department (MPD)
Ø Goldenberg Mansion = initial headquarters of MPD located along Gen. Solano St., San Miguel,
Manila and then moved to Manila City Hall where it stayed until 1945 and after WWII in United Nations
where it stands today.
Ø 1978 = MPD underwent another transformations with its integration into the Integrated National
Police (INP)
Ø 1986 = MPD further evolved into the Western Police District (WPD) Command.
Ø July 20, 2005 = WPD was renamed Manila Police District pursuant to General Order 05-10
Ø Captain George Curry = first chief of Police of Manila
Ø Col. Antonio C. Torres = first Filipino Police Chief
Ø December 8, 1941 = Col. Torres declared Manila as an open city
Ø Col. Lamberto T. Javalera = first Filipino Chief of Police of Manila, appointed by Pres. Manuel Roxas
Ø 1939 – the Manila Police District introduced the bicycle patrol.
Ø March 17, 1954 – Automobile Patrol was introduced in Metro Manila.
Ø Isaias Alma Jose – first chief of Mobile Patrol of MPD

Elements of Crime (D0C)

Desire – gustong gusto mo mangholdap
Opportunity – oras kung kelan mo gagawin
Capability – kakayanan makagawa ng krimen

2 types of citation nakalagay yung mga violations and penalty

OVR ticket – Ordinance Violation Receipt
- within the city kung saan kang city nahuli doon mo lang sac tiy hall kukunin
TOP –Temporary Operations Permit
- binibigay ng mga LTO
- required ka pa mag under go ng seminar kapag nahuli ka
Mission Order – ang nakalagay don Name, Time, Place
- Lisensya rehistro saan pupunta
- Hindi dapat bumaba, hindi dapat buksan ang compartment
Pwedeng kunin ang motor pero hindi pwedeng ibigay ang susi kasi nasa batas yan dapat sumagot lang ng
maayos kasi pwede kang kasuhan ng unjust vexation. Once na pinilit yung pag kuha ng susi pwede mong
kasuhan na car napping. Pwedeng kunin bigla yung susi para lang hindi makatakbo pero dapat ibalik din
ng maayos.
RA 4136 LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CODE
Albert Bertillon
August Volmer
John Fielding

MODULE 3 - OPERATIONS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION

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What is a Plan?
A plan is an organize schedule or sequence by methodical activities intended to attain a goal and
objectives for the accomplishment of mission or assignment.

It is a method or way of doing something in order to attain objectives.

What is Planning?
Hudzik and Cordner defined planning as “thinking about the future, thinking about what we want the
future would be, and thinking about what we need to do now to achieve it.”

Planning is a management function concerned with:

• visualizing future situations
• making estimates concerning them
• identifying issues, needs and potential danger points
• analyzing and evaluating the alternative ways and means for reaching desired goals

What is a Police Planning?

It is the systematic and orderly determination of facts and events as basis for policy formulation and
decision affecting law enforcement management.

What is Police Operational Planning?

It is the preparation and development of procedures and techniques in accomplishing of each of the
primary tasks and functions of an organization.

It is the process of formulating coordinated sequence of methodical activities and allocation of resources
to the line units of the police organization for the attainment of the mandated objectives or goals

Objectives are a specific commitment to achieve a measurable result within a specific period of time.

Goals are broad statements of general and long-term organizational purposes

The process of police operational planning involves strategies or tactics, procedures, policies or
guidelines

Strategies-a broad design or method; or a plan to attain a stated goal or objectives.

Tactics - are specific design, method or course of action to attain a particular objective in consonance
with strategy.

Procedures - are sequences of activities to reach a point or to attain what is desired.

Policies - a product of prudence or wisdom in the management of human affairs

THE GUIDELINES IN OPERATIONAL PLANNING

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What are the guidelines in Planning?

The five (5) W’s and one (1) H:

1.What to do – mission/objective
2.Why to do – reason/philosophy
3.When to do – date/time
4.Where to do – place
5.Who will do – people involve
6.How to do – strategy

What are the responsibilities in Planning?

Broad External Policy Planning – is the responsibility of the legislative branch of the government. The
main concern of the police in this broad external policy planning is assisting the legislature in their
determining of police guideline through the passage of appropriate laws or ordinances for the police to
enforce.
Internal Policy Planning – is the responsibility of the C/PNP and other chiefs of the different units or
headquarters within their area of jurisdiction to achieve the objectives or mission of the police
organization. They are responsible for planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, controlling,
reporting and budgeting for the police organization within existing policies and available resources. For
maximum police effectiveness, they shall be responsible for the technical operation of the police
organization and management of its personnel.

TYPES OF PLANS in General

Reactive Plans are developed as a result of crisis. A particular problem may occur for which the
department has no plan and must quickly develop one, sometimes without careful preparation.

Proactive Plans are developed in anticipation of problems. Although not all police problems are
predictable, many are, and it is possible for a police department to prepare a response in advance.

Visionary Plans are essential statements that identify the role of the police in the community and the
future condition or state to which the department can aspire.

Strategic Plans are designed to meet the long-range, overall goals of the organization. Such plans allow
the department to adapt anticipated changes or develop a new philosophy or model of policing (e.g.
community policing).

Operational Plans are designed to meet the specific tasks requires to implement strategic plans.

FIELD OPERATIONS

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Patrol - The patrol force shall accomplish the primary responsibility of safeguarding the community.

Investigation - The basic purpose of the investigation division unit shall be to investigate certain
designated crimes and clear them by the recovery of stolen property and the arrest and
conviction of the perpetrators.
Traffic Patrol - Police control of streets ort highways, vehicles, and people shall facilitate the safe and
rapid movement of ball vehicles and pedestrians.

Vice Control-it shall be the determinant of the PNP in the control of vices to treat vice offenses as they
shall do to any violation, and exert efforts to eliminate them, as there attempt to eliminate robbery,
theft, and public disturbance.

Juvenile Delinquency Control effective crime control necessitates preventing the development of
individuals as criminals.

SAMPLE OF POLICE PLANS and the PNP

Programs and Strategies

The acronym SMART describing the characteristics of a Plan:

S-IMPLE

M-EASURABLE

A-TTAINABLE R-EALISTIC

T-IME BOUND

The acronym POLICE 2000 also describes another police plan:

P-REVENTION and suppression of crime through community oriented policing system

O-RDER, maintenance, peacekeeping and internal security

L-AW enforcement without fear or favor

I-MAGE, credibility and common support

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COORDINATION with other government agencies and non-agencies organizations and internal
securities

EFFICIENCY and effectiveness in the development and management of human and material
resources government

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPs)

The following are Police Security Service Package of the PNP with the following standard operating
procedures and guidelines:

a.SOP #01 – POLICE BEAT PATROL PROCEDURES – This SOP prescribes the basic procedures to be
observed by all PNP Units and mobile patrol elements in the conduct of visibility patrols.

b.SOP #02 – BANTAY KALYE – This SOP prescribes the deployment of 85% of the PNP in the field to
increase police visibility and intensifies anti-crime campaign nationwide.

c.SOP #03 – SIYASAT – this SOP prescribes the guidelines in the conduct of inspections to ensure police
visibility.

e.SOP #05 – LIGTAS (ANTI-KIDNAPPING) – with the creation of the Presidential Anti-organization Crime
Task Force (PAOCTF), the PNP is now in support role in campaign against kidnapping in terms of personal
requirements. SOP #05 sets forth the PNP’s guidelines in its fight against kidnapping activities.

f.SOP #06 – ANTI-CARNAPPING – This SOP prescribes the conduct of an all-out and sustained anti car
napping campaign to stop/minimize car napping activities, neutralize syndicated car napping groups,
identify/prosecute government personnel involved in car napping activities, and to effectively address
other criminal activities related to car napping.

g.SOP #07 – ANTI-TERRORISM –this prescribes the operational guidelines in the conduct of operations
against terrorists and other lawless elements involved in terrorist activities.

h.SOP #08 – JOINT ANTI-BANK ROBBERRY ACTION COMMITTEE (ANTI-BANK ROBBERY) – this SOP
provides overall planning, integration, orchestration or coordination, and monitoring of all efforts to
ensure the successful implementation.

i.SOP #09 – ANTI-HIJAKING/HIGHWAY ROBBERY – this SOP sets forth the guidelines and concepts of
operations to be observed in the conduct of anti-highway robbery/hold-up/hijacking operations.

j.SOP #10 – PAGLALANSAG/PAGAAYOS-HOPE – this SOP sets forth the concepts of operations and tasks
of all concerned units in the campaign against Partisan Armed Groups and loose fire.

k.SOP #11 – MANHUNT BRAVO (NEUTRALIZATION OF WANTED PERSONS) – this SOP sets forth the
objectives and concept of operation tasks of all concerned units in the neutralization of wanted persons.

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l.SOP #12 – ANTI-ILLEGAL GAMBLING – this SOP sets forth the operational thrusts to be undertaken by
the PNP that will spearhead the fight against all forms of illegal gambling nationwide

m.SOP #13 – ANTI-SQUATTING – this SOP sets forth the concept of operation in the campaign against
professional squatters and squatting syndicates.

n.SOP #14 – JERICHO – This SOP prescribes the operational guidelines to be undertaken by the National
Headquarter (NHQ) of PNP in the establishment of a quick reaction group that can be detailed with the
office of the Secretary of Interior and Local Government (SILG), with personnel and equipment requires
of that reaction group supported by the PNP.

o. SOP #15 – NENA (ANTI-PROSTITUTION/VAGRANCY) – This SOP sets forth the operational thrusts to
be undertaken by the PNP that will spearheaded the fight against prostitution and vagrancy.

p.SOP #16 – ANTI-PORNOGRAPHY – This prescribes the guidelines to be followed by the tasked PNP
Units/Offices in enforcing the ban on pornographic pictures, videos and magazines.

q.SOP #17 – GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF ARREST SEARCH, AND SEIZURE – This SOP prescribes the
procedures and manner of conducting an arrest, raid, search and/or search of person, search of any
premises and the seizure of properties pursuant to the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Rules of Court, as
amended and updated decision of the Supreme Court.

r.SOP #18 – SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SANDIGAN MASTER PLAN

s.SOP #19 – ANTI-ILLEGAL LOGGING

t.SOP #20 – ANTI-ILLEGAL FISHING

u. SOP #21 – ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUGS

The twelve (12) operational support units and their respective functions
The twelve (12) operational support units and their respective functions are as follows:

Maritime Group (MG). This group is responsible to perform all police functions over Philippine Territorial
waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include ports and harbors and small islands for the
security and the sustainability development of the maritime environment.

Intelligence Group (IG). This group serves as the intelligence and counter-intelligence operating unit of
the PNP.

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Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG). This group provides security to government vital
installations, government officials, visiting dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given
protection.

Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG). This group monitors, investigates, prosecutes all
crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to indicate their
commission by highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and organizations. It also conducts
organized- crime –control, all major cases involving violations of the revised penal Code, violators of
SPECIAL LAWS assigned to them such as Anti-hijacking, Anti-Carnapping and Cybercrimes among others
and atrocities committed by Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)/New People’s Army
(NPA)/National Democratic Front (NDF).

Special Action Force (SAF). This group is a mobile strike force or a reaction unit to augment regional,
provincial, municipal and city police force for civil disturbance control, internal security operations,
hostage-taking rescue operations, search and rescue in times of natural calamities, disasters and national
emergencies and other special police operations such as ant-hijacking, anti-terrorism, explosives and
ordnance disposal. On a special note, the PNP Air Unit is placed under the supervision of SAF.

Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP). This group provides security to all airports throughout the
country.

Highway Patrol Group (HPG). This group enforces the traffic laws and regulations, promote safety along
the highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through inter- agency cooperation concerning Police
Traffic Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety Education and Traffic Law enforcement functions and develops
reforms in the crime prevention aspect against all forms of lawlessness committed along National
Highway involving the use of motor vehicles.

Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG). This group undertakes and orchestrates Police Community
Relations program and activities in partnership with concerned government agencies, the community,
and volunteer organizations in order to prevent crime and attain a safe and peaceful environment.

Civil Security Group (CSG). This group regulates business operations and activities of all organized private
detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies and company guard forces. It also supervises the
licensing and registration of firearms and explosives.

Crime Laboratory (CL). This group provides scientific and technical, investigative aide and support to the
PNP and other investigative agencies. It also provides crime laboratory examination, evaluation and
identification of physical evidence gathered at the crime scene with primary emphasis on medical,
biological and physical nature.

PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG). This Group serves as the primary unit of the PNP in addressing
kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage situations. And

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PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG). This Group is responsible for the implementation of pertinent
laws on cybercrimes and anti-cybercrime campaigns of the PNP.

MODULE 4 - MAKING PLANS IN OPERATIONS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATIONS

PLAN AND PLANNING

What is a Plan?
A plan is an organize schedule or sequence by methodical activities intended to attain a goal and
objectives for the accomplishment of mission or assignment.

It is a method or way of doing something in order to attain objectives.

What is Planning?
Hudzik and Cordner defined planning as “thinking about the future, thinking about what we want the
future would be, and thinking about what we need to do now to achieve it.”

Planning is a management function concerned with:

• visualizing future situations
• making estimates concerning them
• identifying issues, needs and potential danger points
• analyzing and evaluating the alternative ways and means for reaching desired goals

What is a Police Planning?

It is the systematic and orderly determination of facts and events as basis for policy formulation and
decision affecting law enforcement management.

What is Police Operational Planning?

It is the preparation and development of procedures and techniques in accomplishing of each of the
primary tasks and functions of an organization.

Factors affecting
Police Planning and types of Plans in General

Factors affecting Police Planning

1.Condition – a consideration of political atmosphere, public opinion; ideological aspirations; peace and
order; national/community ethics, behavior and discipline in the area where the plan will be
implemented.

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2.Time – It is the period available to establish plan before putting it into effort. Consider the time of
execution/implementation, the time interval and time allowed for the revisions and modifications of
plan.

3.Resources Available – Allocation of manpower, money and materials

4.Skills and Attitudes of Management – Refers to the level of experiences of the personnel who are
involved in the preparation of the plan and those who will execute the plan. Applicability of good
management principles shall be exploited.

5.Social and Political Environment – Refers to social and political practices, which will be affected b the
plan or plan affecting these practices, beliefs and norms of society.

6.Physical Facilities – Refers to machinery, instrument or tools in the attainment of the goals of the plan.
A certain system or structural designs in order to meet expected results.

7.Collection and Analysis of Data – Ready sources and basis of good decision-making by the makers of
the plan may be properly obtain through research and other means of information gathering techniques.

TYPES OF PLANS in General

Reactive Plans are developed as a result of crisis. A particular problem may occur for which the
department has no plan and must quickly develop one, sometimes without careful preparation.

Proactive Plans are developed in anticipation of problems. Although not all police problems are
predictable, many are, and it is possible for a police department to prepare a response in advance.

Visionary Plans are essential statements that identify the role of the police in the community and the
future condition or state to which the department can aspire.

Strategic Plans are designed to meet the long-range, overall goals of the organization. Such plans allow
the department to adapt anticipated changes or develop a new philosophy or model of policing (e.g.
community policing).

Operational Plans are designed to meet the specific tasks requires to implement strategic plans.

Module 5 -INVESTIGATION

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CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

Crime = is the commission of an act which is prohibited or the omission of an act required by the
penal/criminal law of an organize state.

Criminal Investigation = It is an art which deals with the identity and location of suspect and provides
evidence of his/her guilt, in a criminal proceedings.

Investigator = the person in charged of carrying out the objectives of investigation.

Probe = a formal inquiry initiated by government agency in order to discover truth concerning certain
issue.

Prober = one who is in charged of conducting probe.

Purpose of Investigation

1. To establish that, in fact, a crime was committed;

2. To identify the law violator/suspect;
3. To locate, trace and apprehend the suspect/perpetrator;
4. To assist in the prosecution of the accused person /provide evidence of his guilt.

Primary Job of an Investigator

The primary job of the investigator is to discover whether or not an offense has been committed under
the law, after determining what specific offense has been committed, he must discover how it was
committed, by whom, where it was committed, when and why it was committed (Cardinal points of
Investigation 5W’s and lH).

Cardinal points of investigation:

lWhat –specific offense has been committed ?(nature of crime);

lWhere – crime was committed? (place, location/venue);
lWhen – crime was committed? (time and date);
lWho - committed it? (person/s involved particularly the suspect);
lWhy – it was committed? (Reason or motive of committing the crime);
lHow – it was committed? (Manner/method or modus operandi).
lCOL L.W. ATCHERLY – first utilized
lAUGUST VOLLMER – first utilized in US
l

QUALITIES OF GOOD INVESTIGATOR

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What are the qualities of a good investigator?

 Perseverance
 Intelligence
 Honest, incorruptible & with personal integrity.
 Understanding of the people and environment
 Keen power of observation
 Resourceful and quick witted.

The National Forensic Science Training Institute (NFSTI) – under the PPSC, is an institution that trains
uniformed personnel of the PNP to become a certified investigator.

TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION or “3 I”s (Information, Interview/interrogation, and Instrumentation or

Criminalistics)

1. INFORMATION (RCG)

It is the knowledge/data which an investigator acquired from records and persons. Regular source is
acquired from open sources, records, files, Cultivated source are information furnished by
informants/informers, Grapevine source are information given by the underworld characters such as
prisoners or criminals.

2. INTERVIEW/INTERROGATION

s a conversation with a purpose, motivated by a desire to obtain certain information from the person
being interviewed as to what was done, Seen, felt, heard, tasted, smell or known.
This is the questioning of a person believed to possess knowledge that is in official interest to the
investigator.
Questioning maybe done in a simple approach or in a forceful or rigid one.

3. Instrumentation

It is the utilization of the various fields of criminalistics for purposes of examination and identification of
physical evidence.

Homicide Investigation

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Is the official inquiry made by the police on the facts and circumstances surrounding the death of the
person which is expected to be criminal or unlawful

Crimes Against Person

Art 246 .Parricide

Art 247. Death/Serious Phy.Inj. Under Except. Cir.
Art 248. Murder
Art 249. Homicide
Art 255. Infanticide
Art 256 Intentional Abortion
Art 257. Unintentional Abortion
Art 258. Abortion practice by woman herself or her parents
Art . 259 Abortion practice by physician or mid-wife and dispensing of Abortives.
Art 260 - 261. Duel
Art 266-A Rape

Primary job of the Investigator

To discover whether an offense has been committed under the law.

To discover how it was committed.
Who committed it and by whom it was committed.
When it was committed
And under certain circumstances why it was committed.
It speaks of the basic Cardinals of Investigation (5W and 1H).

Module 6 – CHECKPOINT

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CHECKPOINT
What is checkpoint?

•Checkpoint is a place where the police check vehicular/pedestrian traffic in order to enforce circulation
control measure and other laws, orders, and regulations.

How do you conduct a checkpoint?

•Unit Commanders should inform Higher Headquarters (HHQs) Tactical Operations Center (TOC) and
coordinate with adjacent units, such as, MPS, CPS, NSUs, Public Safety Management Forces and other
friendly forces, personally or through an official representative, before commencing with the checkpoint
to avoid miss encounter and any untoward incident.
•The Team Leader shall brief the PNP personnel, as well as the civilian components present, including
the media regarding the proper conduct of the checkpoint and their assigned tasks prior to their
deployment.

•The Team Leader shall initially account for the PNP personnel and check if they are in the prescribed
uniform. PNP personnel conducting the checkpoint shall display their nameplates at all times.

•The Spotter of the team will be pre-positioned in a place where he can best point/profile suspected
vehicles prior to their approach to the checkpoint.

•Search/Arresting Sub-Team shall flag down suspected vehicles and conduct search, seizure and arrest if
necessary.

•Arrested persons and seized items shall be turned-over to the investigation sub-team for
documentation and proper disposition

•In the event that the checkpoint is ignored, and the occupant of the vehicle open fire on the personnel
manning the checkpoint, reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression may be employed.
•Inform Higher Headquarters before terminating the conduct of Checkpoint.

•The Team Leader shall conduct debriefing of personnel after termination of the Checkpoint.•

•Unit Commander shall submit After Activity Report to Higher Headquarters.

PURPOSE OF CHECKPOINT

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What is the purpose of checkpoint?

•Checkpoints are established to enforce circulation control measure, laws, orders and regulations, and
when there is a need to arrest a criminal or fugitive from justice.
What are the limitations in the conduct of search in the checkpoint?

May search be conducted by law enforcers without search warrant?

As a general rule, No. The Constitutional proscribes against warrantless searches and seizures, however,
it admits certain exceptions, such as: 1) warrantless searches incidental to a lawful arrest; 2) seizures of
evidence in plain view; 3) searches of a moving vehicle; 4) consented warrantless searches; 5) customs
searches; 6) stop and frisk searches; and 7) searches under exigent and emergency.

Can you compel the driver/passenger to get out from vehicle during checkpoint inquiry?

•In a checkpoint inquiry, the occupants cannot be compelled to step out of the vehicle.
Can you compel the driver/occupant to open the door’s vehicle?

•The search which is normally permissible is limited to visual search where the officer simply looks into
the vehicle and flashes a light therein without opening the car’s door.

Can you bodily search the driver/occupant?

•The search which is normally permissible is limited to an instance where the occupants are not
subjected to a physical or body search.

Can you compel the driver/occupant to open the vehicle’s trunk/compartment?

•The personnel manning the checkpoint cannot compel the motorist to open the trunk or glove
compartment of the car or any package contained therein. Such extensive search requires the existence
of probable cause.
May the rights against unreasonable searches and seizures be waived?

•Yes. The constitutional immunity against unreasonable searches and seizures is a personal right which
may be waived. Affirmative acts of volition without being forced or intimidated to do so, shall properly
be construed as a clear waiver of right.
When are extensive searches in checkpoint allowed?

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•Although the general rule is that motorists and their vehicles may be subjected to a routine inspection
or visual search, vehicles may be stopped and extensively searched when there is probable cause which
justifies a reasonable belief of the men at the checkpoints that either the motorist is a law offender or
the contents of vehicle are or have been instruments of some offense.

What are the categories of police organization operations?

1.Public safety Operations

2.Law Enforcement Operations
3.Internal Security Operations
4.Special Police Operations
5.Intelligence Operations
6.Investigation Operations

Module 7 - CRIME MAPPING

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What are the three main function of crime mapping?

Crime mapping serves three main functions within crime analysis:

1. It facilitates visual and statistical analyses of the spatial nature of crime and other types
of events.
2. It allows analysts to link unlike data sources together based off common geographic
variables (e.g., linking census information, school information, and crime data for a
common area).
3. It provides maps that help to communicate analysis results.

In tactical crime analysis, crime mapping is used to identify immediate pattern for crimes such as
residential and commercial burglary, auto theft, and theft from vehicles. For example, spatial analysis of
auto theft incidents may reveal clusters of activity at specific locations that might indicate a crime
pattern.

In strategic crime analysis, crime mapping is utilized in long-term applications to analyze the relationship
between criminal activity and indicators of disorder, such as a high volume of vacant property or disorder
calls for service; to assist in geographic and temporal allocation of resources, such as patrol officer a
scheduling and determination of patrol areas; to examine patterns of crime at or around specific
locations, such as schools, bars, or drug treatment centers; to calculate crime rate information, such as
numbers of residential burglaries per household, and to incorporate crime data with qualitative
geographic information, such as information on teenage hangouts, student pathways to school, or drug
and prostitution market

In administrative crime analysis, crime mapping is a valuable tool used by police, researchers, and media
organizations to convey criminal activity information to the public. Web sites operated by police
departments and news organization routinely post maps that depict areas of crime, along with
corresponding tables and definitions. For example, a police agency can reduce citizen requests for
neighborhood crime information by placing monthly or weekly crime maps on a Web site that members
of the public can access using computers in their homes or at the local library.

WHAT IS THE BEST CRIME MAPPING?

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HERE ARE SOME OF THE BEST CRIME MAPS

 LexisNexis Community Crime Map

 Neighborhood Scout.
 Area Vibes.
 Spot Crime.
 Family Watchdog.

LexisNexis Community Crime Map is a free tool that gives users instant access to the latest crime reports
and data from local law enforcement agencies. With it, you can search a convenient map of police
reports, and filter the results based on location, date range, and the type of offense. You can also sign up
for free crime alerts and use the site to anonymously report tips to police.

Neighborhood Stout This website helps user easily compare crime data for different neighborhoods and
measure the crime rates in your neighborhood against similar areas in other cities and states. Users have
the option of looking at the overall crime rate or viewing the specific rates of violent crime and property
crime.

Area Vibes, if you aren't interested in paying a subscription fee, Area Vibes may be a good, free.
Neighborhood Scout alternative. The website analyzes various aspects of different cities and
neighborhoods, including crime rates, the weather, school ratings, amenities, and the local housing
market.

Spot Crime is an app and website that pulls data from police reports, local news, and user reports to
create neighborhood specific crime lists and maps. Spot Crime shows incidents of theft, shooting,
burglary, assault, and arrest. Because it is an aggregate of local data, it offers a real-time look at crime in
any specific area, including suspicious activity that gets reported by users.

Family Watching his site is a tool for those who are concerned about their proximity to registered sex
offenders. By entering your address, you can view a map that shows the name, photo, and address of
nearby sex offenders, as well as color coded markers that indicate the type of crime they committed.

IS CRIME MAPLING ACCURATE?

data is extracted on a regular basis from each department's records system so that the information being
viewed through a Web browser is the most current available. This data is always verified for accuracy and
all address information is generalized by block in order to help ensure privacy is protected.

HOW DO I CHECK IF AN AREA IS SAFE?

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Here are the ways to know if a potential neighborhood is safe.

Crime Reports. This map-based site shows you up-to-date data on crimes that have recently occurred in
your area. Area Vibes. Area Vibes provides a livability score for your ZIP code which ranks your area on 7
factors that include housing, amenities, education and crime.

Family Watchdog.

Nextdoor.

ADT Go.

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