8 Science

Quarter 1– Module 5
Infer the Relationship Between
Voltage and Current
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Infer the Relationship Between Voltage and Current
First Edition, 2020

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authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: MarkGil G. Valderama

Language Reviewer: James Roy A. Magdaong
Content Editor: Ma. Eufrocina D. Octia
Illustrator: MarkGil G. Valderama
Layout Artist: Pauline M. Maning

Management Team

Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD

Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS

Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD

EPS-Division ADM Coordinator

Marinella P. Garcia Sy, PhD

EPS – Science

Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II

Joannarie C. Garcia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
 8
Science
Quarter 1– Module 5
Infer the Relationship Between
Voltage and Current
S8FE-Ih-30
 Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Infer
the Relationship Between Current and Voltage
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you
are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to
keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Infer
the Relationship Between Current and Voltage.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take. If
What I Know
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

1
 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
What’s In
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

What’s New you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s More
You may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
What I Have Learned paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned
from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What Can I Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

2
 What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to learn more about electricity. Various activities
and assessments are provided to strengthen your understanding on the
relationship of the electrical quantities and the two kinds of circuit connections.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1.differentiate resistance, current, and voltage;
2.infer the relationship between current and voltage
3.discuss the two types of electrical connections; and
4.recognize the importance of conserving electricity and observing its safety
precautions.

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer and write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is voltage?
A. the flow of protons
B. the rate at which energy is being transformed
C. the difference in potential energy of charged particles
D. the number of charged particles that pass each second
2. What is the unit of voltage?
A. amps C. ohms
B. coulombs D. volts
3. What instrument is used to measure voltage?
A. ammeter C. speedometer
B. seismograph D. voltmeter

3
4. What is the unit of current?
A. amps C. ohms
B. coulomb D. volt
5. What serves as a load in a circuit?
A. battery C. switch
B. light bulb D. wire
6. Which of the following would be the best material to use to make a circuit?
A. copper wire C. nylon cord
B. cotton string D. plastic tubing
7. What does the resistor in the circuit offer?
A. current C. resistance
B. circuit D. voltage
8. How can current be increased in the circuit?
A. decrease the resistance
B. decrease the voltage
C. increase the resistance
D. increase the voltage
9. What is the unit for resistance?
A. amps C. volts
B. ohms D. watts
10.What is this symbol for - +?

A. battery C. resistor
B. light bulb D. switch
11. When the battery voltage is greater, the current is_____?
A. equal C. none
B. larger D. smaller
12. Current is __________ proportional to resistance at constant voltage in the
circuit.
A. equally C. inversely
B. directly D. not
13. What instrument is used to measure resistance?
A. ohmmeter C. speedometer
B. seismograph D. voltmeter
14. What component in a circuit regulates the flow current?
A. battery C. resistor
B. bulb D. switch
15. How much current will a 12-volt battery produce compare to a 6-volt
battery in a simple circuit?
A. bigger C. smaller
B. one D. zero

4
 What’s In

Let us recall the previous lesson on how heat can be used to generate electricity.
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word based on the context of the
paragraph. You are given illustration for each word to serve as your
guide. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

steam

heat
turbine

electricity generator

You can use the 1._________________ to generate 2. ____________

Use the steam to spin a/an 3. ____________________. The turbine can
drive a/an 4.. _________________ which produce 5.____________.

We will find out in this module how electric current or electricity is

produced in a circuit and how the components are related to one another.

5
 What’s New

Directions: Read the poem below and answer the guide questions that follow. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Electric Current
By: John Michael Domino

Sparking Intensely
Hot Wired
Massive Energy
Super Charged

Lightning Speed
High Voltage
Super Conductivity
Controlled Power

Shocking Capacity
Insulation Protected
Man Harnessed
God Created!

Guide Questions:

1. Based on the poem, how is electricity important to man?

____________________________________________________________

2. How does electricity help us in our daily activities?

____________________________________________________________

According to the author, “Man may have harnessed electric power but
lightning and e electricity are God's creation.” Imagine life without the convenience
of electricity. Many of the activities we do everyday use electricity.

6
 What is It

Electricity has given us comfort and convenience. During this time of

pandemic, hospital devices work because of electricity which is very essential in saving the
lives of Covid-19 patients. Families who were separated by quarantine were brought together
in communication through the use of different gadgets that utilizes electricity. The list of
benefits, we people derived from electricity is countless.
There are three electrical quantities that are essential in the study of electricity.
These are electric current, voltage, and resistance.

CURRENT
The flow of charged particle through a conductor such as wire is known as current.
The charged particle called current carriers may be an electron or a negative ion. The symbol
for current is capital letter I. The unit of current is ampere (A) in honour of French physicist
Andre- Marie Ampere who made important contributions in the field of electricity and
magnetism. To measure current an instrument called ammeter is used.

VOLTAGE
The driving force (electrical pressure) that causes the flow of current is called
voltage. The symbol for voltage is capital letter V. The unit of voltage volts (v) is named after
the inventor of electric battery or dry cell, Italian physicist Alessandro Volta. Voltage may also
be referred to as potential difference or electromotive force. To measure this, voltmeter is
used. A battery such as wet cell and dry cell supply the needed voltage in a circuit.

RESISTANCE
The property of a material that limits or opposes the flow of current is known as
resistance. The symbol for resistance is capital letter R. The unit of resistance ohm (Ω) is
named in honour of the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm who discovered the relationship
between the three electrical quantities. This relationship was known as Ohm’s Law. Ohmme-
ter is used to measure the resistance in a circuit.

Guided Activity 1. ELECTRIC TRIO

Directions: Fill out the table by supplying the needed information. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.
Quantity Symbol Unit of Measurement Measuring Instrument
Current

Voltage

Resistance

7
CURRENT - VOLTAGE - RESISTANCE RELATIONSHIP
Though current, voltage, and resistance are used differently; they are related
to one another. This relationship is known as Ohm’s Law, which states that current
flowing in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely
proportional to the resistance of the circuit.
To better infer the relationship of the three quantities, let us represent each
quantity in a simple circuit as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1. A simple circuit

An electric circuit is the path wherein an electric current travels and can
transfer electrical energy from a source to a useful load. It contains the essential
components such as:
1. a source of voltage needed to force current to flow (battery)
2. a load or a device that transforms electrical energy to other forms of
energy. The amount of resistance varies in different loads ( light bulb,
radio, TV)
3. a conducting path through which current can flow ( copper wire)
4. a switch which controls the flow of current in a circuit (push button switch)

Trivia time!
Electric circuit can be drawn using symbols only. Common symbols used are given
below. Illustration that shows how parts of a circuit are connected together is known
as schematic diagram.

Battery Lamp/Bulb Lamp/Bulb

Open Switch

Close Switch Cell Voltmeter Buzzer

Fuse Resistor Resistor

8
Guided Activity 2. THE BRIGHTEST BULB!
Directions: Look carefully at the illustrations below. Try to predict where the bulb will glow
brighter.

Figure A Figure B

Figure A shows a simple circuit with a single dry cell of 1.5 volts connected to a bulb.
Figure B shows an increase in the voltage in the circuit with two (2) dry cells in series, 3
volts connected to a bulb.

Guide Questions:

3. Which bulb will glow brighter? ______________________________________________

4. Which has a greater voltage? _______________________________________________

5. If the brightness of the bulb represents the flow of current, what can be inferred from the
relationship of voltage and current? ____________________________________________
From this activity you learned that more electrical energy means greater voltage, and
more charges can flow. Thus, current is directly proportional to the voltage in a circuit.
Now, let us try to find out the relationship between current and resistance.

Guided Activity 3. LET IT GLOW!

Directions: Check out the illustrations below. Try to predict where the bulb will glow brighter.

Figure C Figure D

The above figures illustrate an increase in the resistance offered by the bul connected
in series at constant voltage supply (1.5 volt-battery).

9
Guide Questions
6. Which bulb will glow brighter? _______________________________________________

7. Which has a greater resistance? _____________________________________________

8. If the increased in light bulbs represents the increased in resistance, what can be inferred
from the relationship of current and resistance? _______________________________

From this simple activity, you learned that an increased in loads increased the amount
of resistance in a circuit resulting to a decreased in current. Hence, the electric current in a
circuit is inversely proportional to resistance.

THE TWO TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS

So far we have discussed the relationship that exists between current, voltage, and
resistance in a circuit. Electric circuits can be connected in two ways, the series connection
and the parallel connection.

1. SERIES CONNECTION

A series circuit is one that has more than one resistors, but only one path through
which the electricity (electrons) flows. From one end of the cell (battery), the electrons
move along one path with no branches, through the resistors, to the other end of the
cell. All the components in a series circuit are connected end-to-end, as shown below
in figure 2.
Each time there is damage (break) in any one of the resistors, the entire circuit will
not function. For example, if one light bulb goes out, all the other lights will go off
because the electricity path in the broken bulb is cut off.

Figure 2. Series Connection

10
 2.PARALLEL CONNECTION

In a parallel circuit, there is more than one resistor (bulb) and they are arranged on
many paths. This means electricity (electrons) can travel from one end of the cell
through many branches to the other end of the cell as shown in figure 3.
Electricity from the cell can take either path A or Path B to return to the cell. The
great thing about parallel circuits is that, even when one resistor (bulb) burns out, the
other bulbs will work because the electricity is not flowing through one path.

Figure 3. Parallel Connection

Always remember this electrical safety tips

1. Never put fingers or other objects in an outlet..

2. Never use anything with a cord or plug around water.
3. Never pull a plug out by its cord.
4. Don't climb on power poles.
5. Never fly kites near power lines.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
What’s wrong with the circuit?
Directions: Using the given illustrations, explain what will happen to the bulb/s will it
light up or not? Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

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2. __________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
ON / OFF
__________________________________________

3.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

Independent Assessment 1
Lightning Struck Word Hunt
Directions: Below is the list of words which are related to electricity. Look for these words
and encircle them. Words may appear diagonally, horizontally, and vertically.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

Current Parallel Ohm

Voltage Series Voltmeter
Resistance Ampere Ohmmeter

Q W C U R R E N T O V E R
A S D F V B H J K H O H M
A M P E R E F O L M L W Y
Z X C V G T Y U N M T R O
A E R F H J K O U E A Y I
A S E R D F G H I T G I U
R E S I S T A N C E E O Y
E R A R A R A W E R A E R
Q I E F S P A R A L L E L
A E F G C B N A S D F G H
S S T V R E T E M T L O V

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Independent Activity 2
Series or Parallel
Directions: Identify whether the given circuit connections is in series or parallel. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1.____________________ 2._________________

3.___________________ 4.________________

Independent Assessment 2
Increasing or Decreasing?

Direction: Draw for increase and decrease based on Ohm’s Law. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Judea makes a simple circuit where she connects a battery and a bulb. Far
along, she added another battery in series with the bulb. She observed that the bulb
_______ its brightness. Then the third battery was added in the circuit, she looked at
the bulb's glow and noticed there was______ in its brightness. Later she deducted two
batteries to _______ the voltage supply and she noted a ______ in the brightness of
the bulb.

Pablo on the other hand, arranged a simple circuit with a single battery and bulb.
Unlike Judea, he wanted to find out what will happen if he adds another bulb in the
circuit. When he added another bulb in the circuit, he ___________ the resistance in

in the circuit, thus the bulb decreases its glow.

13
Independent Activity 3
Missing Symbols
Directions: Complete the table by providing the missing symbol/s of the given terms.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

TERMS SYMBOLS

1. open switch

2. fuse

3. resistor

4. cell

5. closed switch

Independent Assessment 3
Let us Save!
Directions: Write at least five (5)ways on how you can save electricity at home. Use a
separate sheet of paper for you answer.

Let us save electricity at home.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: After going through the different activities, do you realize now t he
relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in our everyday life?
Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer .

I have learned that…

Current ___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
Second, voltage _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
Third, resistance_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.
Finally, current, voltage and resistance_________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Directions: Although electricity is considered essential to our daily lives, when

not handled properly, it can pose a great danger. On a separate sheet of
paper, list down ten(10) electrical safety tips to observe at home or in
school. Then, briefly explain the importance of being cautious in using
electricity. You may ask the help of your parents or guardians.

Electrical safety tips at home and in school.

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

15
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What instrument is used to measure current?

A. ammeter C. speedometer
B. seismograph D. voltmeter
2. What is the unit of current?
A. amps C. ohms
B. coulombs D. volts
3. What does the battery in the circuit offer?
A. current C. resistance
B. circuit D. voltage
4. Voltage is __________ proportional to resistance at constant voltage in the circuit.
A. equally C. inversely
B. directly D. not
5. How can current be increased in the circuit?
A. decrease the resistance
B. decrease the voltage
C. increase the resistance
D. increase the voltage

Matching Type
Directions: Match the term in column A to the symbols in column B . Use separate paper
sheet of paper
Column A Column B

6. Bulb a

7. Voltmeter b.

8. Cell c.

9. Resistor d

10. Fuse e.
16
 True or False
Directions: Write T if the statement is correct, and write F if the statement is incorrect.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
___________11. Current is driving force (electrical pressure) that causes the flow of
charges.
___________12. The higher the resistance the higher the current.
___________13. The unit used for resistance is ohms.
___________14. We can use the voltmeter to measure the amount of voltage on a
circuit.
___________15. The property of a material that limits or opposes the flow of current
is known as resistance.

Additional Activities

Directions: Choose any of the following: a song, poster, poem, or slogan to show elec-
trical energy conservation. Use a separate sheet of paper for your output. The result of
the activity will be graded based on the given set of rubrics.

Rubrics for the Additional Activity

Criteria 4-Expert 3-Accomplished 2-Capable 1-Begginer

Content and Quality Output is Output is Output had little Outputs had no
Style of Output presented in an presented in an style style
extraordinary interesting style Content Content
style Content contains few contains no
Content contains contains concepts of concepts of
complete concepts of electrical electrical
concepts of electrical energy energy
electrical energy energy conservation conservation
conservation conservation
Organization Very organized Somewhat Poorly Very poorly
organized organized organized

Grammar, Usage No wrong Few wrong A number of With so many

and Mechanics spelling, spelling, punctuation or wrong spelling,
grammatical grammatical grammatical punctuation
errors or errors or errors and grammati-
punctuation punctuation cal errors

17
 18
What’s More
Independent Activity 1
1. Nothing or It will not light up. The wire is not connected
to the battery
2. Nothing or It will not light up. The switch is off.
3. Nothing or It will not light up. One of the wire is not
connected to the bulb.
Independent Assessment 1
What’s In
1. Heat
2. Steam
S S T V R E T E M T L O V 3. Turbine
A E F G C B N A S D F G H 4. Generator
5. Electricity
E F S P A R A L L E L Q I
E R A R A R A W E R A E R
S T A N C E E O Y R E S I What I Know
U T G I A S E R D F G H I 1. D
A E R F H J K O U E A Y I 2. D
3. D
Z X C V G T Y U N M T R O
4. A
A M P E R E F O L M L W Y 5. B
A S D F V B H J K H O H M 6. A
Q W C U R R E N T O V E R 7. C
8. D
9. B
Indpendent Activity 2
10. A
1.series 2.parallel 3.parallel 4.series
11. B
12. C
Independent Assessment 2
13. A
1. increase
14. D
15. A
2. increase
Answer Key
 19
Assessment
1. D
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. E
10. C
11. F
12. F
Additional Activities 13. T
14. T
Student’s answer may vary
15. T
What I have learned
CURRENT– is the flow of charged particle through a conductor such as wire
VOLTAGE– is the driving force (electrical pressure) that causes the flow of
current.
RESISTANCE– is the property of a material that limits or opposes the flow of
current
Hence Current, Voltage and Resistance are the three electrical quantities of
electricity
Independent Activity 3 Independent Assessment 3
1. Student’s Answers may vary.
2.
3.
4.
5.
 References
"Electrical Circuit - Google Search." Google. Accessed August 1, 2020. https://
www.google.com/search?
q=electrical+circuit&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH899PH899&oq=electrical+circuit&aqs=
chrome..69i57j0l7.9739j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.
"Types of Circuit Connectios - Google Search." Google. Accessed August 1, 2020.
https://www.google.com/search?
q=types+of+circuit+connectios&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH899PH899&oq=types+of+ci
rcuit+connectios&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l6.8984j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.
"Ohm's Law - Google Search." Google. Accessed August 1, 2020. https://
www.google.com/search?q=ohm%
27s+law&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH899PH899&oq=Ohm&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l5j46j
0.5894j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.
"Electrical Symbols - Google Search." Google. Accessed August 1, 2020. https://
www.google.com/search?
q=electrical+symbols&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH899PH899&oq=electrical+symbols&
aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.6826j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.
"Current - Google Search." Google. Accessed August 1, 2020. https://www.google.com/
search?
q=current&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH899PH899&oq=current&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.
3330j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.
"Voltage - Google Search." Google. Accessed August 1, 2020. https://www.google.com/
search?
q=voltage&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH899PH899&oq=volta&aqs=chrome.0.0j46j0l5.14
408j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.
"Resistance - Google Search." Google. Accessed August 1, 2020. https://
www.google.com/search?
q=resistance&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH899PH899&oq=resist&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0
l7.4515j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.

20
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph