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UNIT - V
Structure of electric power system: generation, transmission and distribution; Types of AC and
DC distributors – distributed and concentrated loads – interconnection – EHVAC and HVDC
transmission -Introduction to FACTS.
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1 Examine why HVDC lines does not require any reactive power BTL1 Remembering
compensation.
2 List the advantages of high voltage power transmission. BTL1 Remembering
3 Describe the objective of FACTS. BTL1 Remembering
4 Describe why is power transmitted at high voltage. BTL1 Remembering
5 Identify the breakeven distance. BTL1 Remembering
6 List out the limitation of high transmission voltage. BTL1 Remembering

ww
7 Describe why is electrical power preferably transmitted at high BTL2 Understanding
voltage.
8 Discuss why the transmission lines are 3 phase, 3 wire system and BTL2 Understanding

w.E
9 the distribution
Differentiate lines are
between 3 phase 4 wire
transmission system.
and distribution. BTL2 Understanding
10 Give any two FACTS controllers uses as shunt controller. BTL2 Understanding
11 Discover two advantages for choosing HVDC over EHV AC for BTL3 Applying

asy
high voltage transmission.
12 Illustrate the application of HVDC transmission. BTL3 Applying
13 Illustrate the interconnected system. BTL3 Applying
14
15 Explain the ring main system.
En
Distinguish between a feeder and distributor. BTL4
BTL4
Analyzing
Analyzing
16
17
18
List the types of HVDC links
Summarize the objectives of FACTs.
gin
Summarize the transmission voltage standards are followed in
BTL4
BTL5
BTL5
Analyzing
Evaluating
Evaluating

19
tamilnadu.
Prepare the factors on which conductor spacing and ground eer BTL6 Creating

20
clearance depend.
Generalize any two the existing HVDC system in India.
ing
BTL6 Creating

.ne
PART – B
1 (i) Explain the effect of high voltage on volume of copper and on BTL2 Understanding
efficiency

2
(ii) Derive suitable expressions to determine the voltage drop and
power loss in an uniformly loaded distributor of length ‘l’ fed at
both ends with equal voltage
(i) Make a comparison between EHVAC and HVDC system based
on economics
BTL6

BTL2
Creating

Understanding
t
(ii) Explain the different HVDC links BTL2 Understanding
3 (i) Compare the overhead and underground distribution system. BTL2 Understanding
(ii)A two wire dc ring distributor ABCDEA is fed at point A with
230V supply. The resistance of go and return conductors of each BTL3 Applying
section AB,BC,CD,DE, AE are 0.1 ohm. The main supplies the
loads of 10A at B,20A at C,10A at D,30A at E. Find the voltage at
each load point
4 (i) Explain the different types of FACTS controller BTL2 Understanding
(ii) Draw and explain the structure of typical electrical power system BTL 2 Understanding
with various voltage levels.

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5 (i) Derive the suitable expression, draw current loading diagram and BTL6 Creating
voltage drop diagram for uniformly loaded distributor for length ‘l’
fed at one end. How is power loss in the whole distributor computed BTL3 Applying
(ii) A uniform two wire DC distributor 250m long is loaded with
0.4A/m and is fed at one end. If the maximum permissible voltage
drop is not exceed 10V, find the cross sectional area of the
distributor conductor. Take ρ=1.78×10-8.
6 (i) Draw a single line diagram of a typical a.c power supply scheme BTL2 Understanding
and explain
(ii) Discuss the advantage of high transmission voltage BTL4 Analyzing
7 Discuss in detail the advantages, disadvantages and applications of BTL4 Analyzing
HVDC transmission
8 (i)Describe FACTS technology in detail BTL4 Analyzing
(ii) How the power flow is controlled using STATCOM BTL5 Evaluating
9 (i)With a neat diagram explain the principle of HVDC system BTL2 Understanding
operation
(ii) Explain about static VAR compensator(SVC) BTL4 Analyzing

ww 10 (i) Compare a Radial and Ring main distribution system. gives its
advantages and disadvantages
(ii)Explain recent trends in Power system
BTL2

BTL4
Understanding

Analyzing

w.E
11 (i) A 2 wire distributor 200meters long is uniformly loaded with
2A/meter. Resistance of single wire is 0.3 ohm.km. If the distributor
is fed at one end calculate
BTL3 Applying

asy
(1) The voltage drop up to distance of 150m from the
feeding point
(2) The maximum voltage drop

En
(ii) Write short notes on the following
(1) Ring main distributor
(2) Current distribution in a 3 wire d.c. system
BTL1 Remembering

12 Explain the following

(1) gin
Stepped (or) tapered distributor
BTL4 Analyzing

ee
(2) Ring main distributor
(3) DC distributor fed at one end

rin
(4) DC distributor fed at both ends
13 DC ring main distributor is fed at A and the load is tapped at points BTL3 Applying
B,C,D .The distributor length is 400m long and points B,C,D are
150m,250m,375m from A. Loads are 150A,40A,200A respectively.
If resistance/100m of single conductor is 0.04Ωand VA=220V.
g.n
et
Calculate
(1) Current in each distributor
(2)Voltage at points B,C,D
14 (i) Explain the various systems of a.c distribution BTL4 Analyzing
(ii) Explain the ring main system of distribution with interconnector
what is the purpose of interconnector? BTL4 Analyzing
PART – C
1 i) Discuss the method of voltage control in transmission lines. BTL5 Evaluating
(ii) What is the effect of transmission voltage on line performance? BTL6 Creating
Derive mathematical expression to validate the answer.
2 Find ratio of volume copper required to transmit a given power over BTL6 Creating
a given distance by overhead by
(i) DC 2 wire and 3 wire system
(ii) 3phase,3 wire system

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3 (i) Consider a distributor loaded with uniform loading of i ampere BTL6 Creating
per meter run and are fed from two end feeding points at different
voltages. Find the point of minimum potential occurrence in the
distributor.
(ii) A 800m long, two wire DC distributor fed from both ends, is
loaded uniformly at the rate of 1.2A/m run. If the resistance of the
distributor is 0.1 Ω/km (go and return) and feed points are
maintained at 245V respectively, Calculate the minimum voltage, its
point of occurrence and current supplied from two deeding points.

4 Explain your understanding about transmission of power and BTL5 Evaluating

distribution of power.

UNIT I
Parameters of single and three phase transmission lines with single and double circuits -
Resistance, inductance and capacitance of solid, stranded and bundled conductors,

wwSymmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing and transposition - application of self and

mutual GMD; skin and proximity effects - interference with neighboring
communication circuits - Typical configurations, conductor types and electrical

w.E
parameters of EHV lines, corona discharges.
PART - A
Q.No
1
2 asy Questions
List the advantages of using bundled conductor.
Discuss how inductance and capacitance of transmission line are
BT Level
BTL1
BTL2
Competence
Remembering
Understanding

3 Describe about composite conductors.

En
affected by the spacing between the conductors.
BTL1 Remembering

gin
4 Define transposition. Identify why are transmission line transposed. BTL2 Understanding
5 Discover the advantages of transposition of conductors. BTL3 Applying
6 A three phase transmission line has its conductor at the corners of an BTL3 Applying

eer
equilateral triangle with side 3m. The diameter of each conductor is
1.63cm. Examine the inductance per phase per km of the line.
7 List the different types of overhead conductor. BTL1 Remembering
8
9
Discriminate between self and Mutual GMD.
Briefly explain ACSR
ing
BTL5
BTL2
Evaluating
Understanding

.ne
10 Pointout the advantages of bundled conductor. BTL4 Analyzing
11 Define proximity effect. BTL1 Remembering

t
12 Explain why the concept of self GMD is not applicable for BTL4 Analyzing
capacitance calculation.
13 What is meant by Disruptive critical voltage BTL1 Remembering
14 Describe Visual critical voltage. BTL2 Understanding
15 Explain how will you reduce corona loss. BTL4 Analyzing
16 Describe what happens if the capacitance of a transmission line is BTL1 Remembering
very high.
17 Examine the factors which affecting corona. BTL3 Applying
18 Generalize the reason for absent of skin effect in DC system. BTL6 Creating
19 State skin effect in transmission line. Mention its effects on the BTL6 Creating
resistance of the line
20 Criticize the effect of proximity effect? BTL5 Evaluating
PART - B
1 Derive the expression for calculation the internal and external flux
linkages for a conductor carrying current. Use these expressions to BTL6 Creating
derive the equation for the inductance of a single phase transmission
line

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2 (i) Determine the inductance per km of a 3 phase transmission line BTL2 Understanding
using 20mm diameter conductors when conductors are at the
concerns of a triangle with spacing of 4,5 and 6 meters. are
regularly transposed
(ii) Describe the application of self and mutual GMD
3 Derive the expression for inductance of three phase line with BTL4 Analyzing
unsymmetrical spacing.
4 Calculate the loop inductance per km of a single phase line BTL5 Evaluating
comprising of 2 parallel conductors 1m apart and 1cm in diameter,
When the material of conductor is
(1) Copper
(2) Steel of relative permeability 50.
5 Derive the inductance of three phase double circuit line by BTL6 Creating
(1) Symmetrical spacing
(2) Unsymmetrical spacing
6 (i) Calculate the GMR of a conductor having seven strands each of BTL5 Evaluating
3mm radius BTL4 Analyzing

ww
(ii)Explain why and how transposition of three phase lines are done

7 (i) Derive the expression for inductance for bundled conductor BTL6 Creating
(ii)Explain the advantages of bundled conductor when used for BTL6 Creating

w.E8
overhead line.
(i) Derive the expression for the voltage induced in communication
lines due to the current in power lines
BTL6
BTL4
Creating
Analyzing

9 asy
(ii)Explain the various factors affecting corona loss
(i) What is method of images? How can it be used to take into BTL3 Applying

En
account the presence of ground in calculation the capacitance of
single-phase lines?
(ii) A three phase double circuit line has the conductors at the
vertices of a hexagon as
Shown in figure
gin
ee rin
g.n
et
(1) If D=3.5m and the radius of conductor is 1.09cm find the
capacitance per phase per km
(2) If the line voltage is 132kV and the line length is
100km,find the charging current
10 Derive from first principle the capacitance per km to neutral of three BTL6 Creating
phases overhead transmission line with unsymmetrical spacing of
conductors assuming transposition.

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11 (i)Derive the expression for capacitance of a single phase overhead BTL6 Creating
line BTL5 Evaluating
(ii) Find out the capacitance of single phase line of 30km long
consisting of two parallel wires each 15mm diameter and 1.5m
apart.
12 A 220kV,50Hz, 200km long three phase line has its conductors on BTL4 Analyzing
the corners of a triangle with sides 6m,6m and 12m. The conductor
radius is 1.81cm. Find the capacitance per phase per km. Capacitive
reactance per phase, Charging current and Charging Mega volt-
amperes
13 Explain the formation of corona, critical voltages, corona loss, BTL4 Analyzing
advantage and disadvantages and methods to reduce the effect of
corona
14 Estimate the corona loss for a three phase 110kV,50Hz,150km long BTL5 Evaluating
transmission line consisting of three conductors each of 10mm
diameter and spaced 2.5m apart equilateral triangle formation. The
temperature of air is 30˚C and the atmospheric pressure is 750mm of
mercury. Assume the irregularity factor as 0.85. Ionization of air

ww
may be assumed to take place at a maximum voltage gradient of
30kV/cm
PART - C

w.E1 (i) Show that the inductance per unit length of an overhead line due
to internal flux linkage is constant and independent of size of
conductors
(ii) A 400kV 3 phase bundled conductor line with sub-conductor per
BTL5 Evaluating

asy
phase a horizontal configuration as shown in figure. The radius of
each of sub-conductor is 1.6cm

En
gin
ee rin
(1)Find the inductance per phase per km of the line g.n
(2)Compute the inductance of the line with only one conductor per
phase having the same cross-sectional area of the conductor of each
phase. et

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2 Solve the inductance /phase /km of double circuit 3phase line shown BTL5 Evaluating
in fig.the line is completely Transposed and operates at a frequency
of 50Hz. Radius r = 6mm

ww 3 Derive the expression for capacitance of symmetrical and

unsymmetrical double circuit three phase line
BTL6 Creating

w.E
4 (i)Explain the phenomenon of “corona” at EHV line. How can the BTL6 Creating
corona effect be minimized?
(ii)Determine (i) the critical disruptive voltage (ii) the visual critical
voltage and (iii) the corona loss under foul weather condition for 3-

asy
phase line, 160 km long, conductor diameter 1.036cm, 2.44 meter
delta spacing. Air temperature 26.6˚ c corresponding to an
approximate barometric pressure of 73.15 cm of mercury, operating

En
voltage 110 kV at 50 Hz, surface irregularity factor is 0.85. Assume
roughness factor is 0.72 and disruptive voltage under foul weather
=0.8 times of fair weather value.

gin
UNIT II

eer
Classification of lines - short line, medium line and long line - equivalent circuits,
phasor diagram, attenuation constant, phase constant, surge impedance; transmission
efficiency and voltage regulation, real and reactive power flow in lines, Power - circle
diagrams, surge impedance loading, methods of voltage control; Ferranti effect ing
Q.No
PART - A
Questions BT Level .ne
Competence
1

2
3
Illustrate the condition for maximum power delivered and draw the
power angle diagram.
Examine the various methods of voltage control in transmission line.
Give the range of surge impedance value for a overhead
BTL3

BTL3
BTL2
Applying

Applying
Understanding
t
transmission line and a underground cable.
4 Give the equivalent circuit and phasor diagram for short BTL2 Understanding
transmission line.
5 Define Ferranti effect. BTL1 Remembering
6 Summarize the significance of surge impedance loading. BTL2 Understanding
7 Define transmission efficiency. BTL1
8 Define voltage stability BTL1 Remembering
9 Show the nominal T and π model of medium transmission line with BTL3 Applying
its parameters filled.
10 Explain why the control of reactive power is essential for BTL4 Analyzing
maintaining a desired voltage profile.
11 Identify what is meant by natural loading of transmission lines. BTL1 Remembering

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12 Identify the use of power circle diagram. BTL1 Remembering

13 Distinguish between attenuation and phase constant. BTL4 Analyzing
14 Summarize the advantages of shunt compensation. BTL5 Evaluating
15 Point out any two reasons for line loss in transmission line. BTL4 Analyzing
16 How are transmission line classified. BTL2 Understanding
17 Define voltage regulation of a transmission line. BTL1 Remembering
18 Criticize “In long transmission lines and cables receiving end BTL5 Evaluating
voltage is greater than sending end voltage during light load or no
load operation.”
19 Formulate the significance of SIL on transmission line. BTL6 Creating
20 Generalize attenuation constant and phase constant. BTL6 Creating
PART - B
1 A 50Hz, 3 phase transmission line 30km long has a total series BTL5 Evaluating
impedance of (40+j125) and shunt admittance of 10-3 mho. The load
is 50MW at 220kV with 0.8pf lag. Find the sending end voltage,
current, power factor, efficiency and regulation using nominal π-
method

ww 2

3
What ate the different methods available for voltage control and
explain any one method
(i) With reference to long transmission lines, gives the physical
BTL6

BTL2
Creating

Understanding

w.E interoperation of the following terms

(1)Characteristics impedance
(2)Surge impedance
(3)Surge impedance loading
BTL6 Creating

asy
(4)Propagation constant
(ii) Derive the ABCD constants of medium transmission line with π
configuration
4
circle diagram
En
(i) Briefly explain the procedure for drawing receiving end power BTL2
BTL6
Understanding
Creating
(ii)

gin
Derive the power flow performance equation of three phase
transmission line in the form and sending-end receiving-end power
and voltages at the two ends of the line
5
Resistance/phase/km=0.153
ee
A 3 phase 100km line has the following constants.

inductance/phase/km=1.21mH,Capacitance/phase/km=0.00958µF. If
ohm,

the line supplies a load of 20MW at 0.9 pf lagging at 110kV at the

BTL5

rin
Evaluating

receiving end calculate sending end current, sending end power

factor, regulation and transmission efficiency using nominal T
method g.n
6 The constants of a three phase line are A=0.9∟2˚ and B= 70 ohms
per phase. The line delivers 60MVA at 132kV and 0.8 pf lagging.
Draw power circle diagrams find (a) sending end voltage and power
angle (b) the maximum power which the line can deliver with the
BTL5
et Evaluating

above values of sending and receiving end voltages (c) the sending
end power and power factor (d) line losses
7 Draw the nominal T circuit of a medium length transmission line BTL6 Creating
and derive expression for sending end voltage and current. Also
draw the respective phasor diagram
8 (1)Draw the phasor diagram of a short transmission line and derive BTL4 Analyzing
the expression for voltage regulation and transmission efficiency
(2) A three phase transmission line having a series impedance of
(20+j30)Ω delivers 7 MW at 33kV and 0.8 lagging power factor.
Find the sending end voltage, regulation and power angle. Neglect
shunt capacitance
9 Using rigorous method, derive expression for sending end voltage BTL6 Creating
and current for a long transmission line

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Write short notes on the following BTL2 Understanding

(1)Concept and procedure to draw power circle diagram
(2)Power transfer capability of the transmission lines
11 (i)Explain the meaning of performance of line BTL1 Remembering
(ii)Deduce the expression for the sending end and receiving end
power of a transmission line in terms of voltage and ABCD
constants
12 (i)Explain the classification of transmission lines with their BTL2 Understanding
characteristics BTL2 Understanding
(ii) What is Ferranti effect? Explain them with phasor diagram

13 A balanced three phase load of 30MW is supplied 132kV,50Hz and BTL6 Creating
0.85 p.f lagging by means of a transmission line. The series
impedance of a single conductor (20+j52) ohm and the total phase
neutral admittance is 315×10-6 Siemen. Using nominal T method.
Determine (i) A,B,C and D constants of the line (ii) Sending end
voltage (iii) regulation of the line
14 Write short notes on BTL1 Remembering

ww
(1)Shunt compensation
(2)Series compensation
PART – C

w.E
1 Determine the efficiency and regulation of a 3 phase 100km , 50Hz BTL5 Evaluating
transmission line delivering 20MW at a p.f of 0.8 lagging and 66kV
to a balanced load. The conductors are copper, each having resistance
0.1Ω/km,1.5cm outside dia, spaced equilaterally 2m between centers.

2
asy
Neglect reactance and use (i) Nominal T (ii) Nominal π method
A 275 kV transmission line has the following line constants
A=0.85∟5˚ B=200∟75˚
BTL6 Creating

En
(1)Determine the power at unity power factor can be received if the
voltage profile at each end is to maintained at 275kV
(2)What type and rating of compensation equipment would be

voltage profile as in part (i)

gin
required if the load is 150MW at unity power factor with same

(3)With the load as in part (ii) what would be the receiving end

3
voltage if the compensation equipment is not installed
A 3 phase.,50Hz power transmission line has line resistance of 30 eer BTL6 Creating
0hm and inductive reactance of 70 ohm per phase. The capacitive
susceptance is 4×10-4 mho per phase. If the load at the receiving end
is 50MVA at 0.8pf lagging with 132kV line voltage. Calculate (i) ing
Voltage and current at sending end (ii) regulation and (III) efficiency
of the line for this load. Use nominal πmethod
.ne
t
4 Derive the expression for sending and receiving end power of BTL6 Creating
transmission line in terms of voltages and ABCD constants

UNIT IV
Insulators - Types, voltage distribution in insulator string, improvement of string
efficiency, testing of insulators. Underground cables - Types of cables, Capacitance of
Single-core cable, Grading of cables, Power factor and heating of cables, Capacitance of
3- core belted cable, D.C cables.
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1 List the methods of improving string efficiency in line insulators. BTL1 Remembering
2 Pointout any four insulating materials used for underground cables. BTL4 Analyzing
3 Identify the two methods of grading of cables. BTL1 Remembering
4 Define string efficiency. BTL1 Remembering

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5 Classify the tests performed on the insulators. BTL4 Analyzing

6 Classify the cables used for three phase service BTL3 Applying
7 A single core cable, 1.7 km long, has a conductor radius of 13mm BTL3 Applying
and insulation thickness of 5.8mm. The dielectric has a relative
permittivity of 2.8.Calculate the capacitance per meter length of
cable.
8 Define grading of cables. BTL1 Remembering
9 Give the equivalent circuit of cable. BTL2 Understanding
10 Describe the main purpose of armouring. BTL1 Remembering
11 Express the limitation of solid cables. How are those overcome in BTL2 Understanding
pressure cable.
12 Define safety factor of insulator. Why it is desired to have this value BTL1 Remembering
be high.
13 Describe about dielectric stress in cable. BTL2 Understanding
14 Demonstrate the dielectric loss. BTL3 Applying
15 Discuss the use of insulators in overhead lines. BTL2 Understanding

ww
16 Infer the factors to be considered while selecting a cable for BTL4 Analyzing
particular service.
17 Deduce the desirable properties of insulator. BTL5 Evaluating

w.E18
19
20
Generalize about a belted cable.
w
Summarize the classification of cables based on operating voltage.
Generalize the different types of insulators.
BTL6
BTL5
BTL6
Creating
Evaluating
Creating

1
asy
(i) Explain different types of insulator
PART - B

(ii) A string of five insulator units has mutual capacitance equal to

BTL2
BTL3
Understanding
Applying

En
10 times the pin to earth capacitance, find voltage distribution across
various units as the per cent of the total voltage across the string and
string efficiency.
2
suspension insulators gin
(i) Discuss how string efficiency is improved by capacitance grading BTL4 Analyzing

ee
(ii) A string of eight suspension insulator is to be graded to obtain
uniform distribution of voltage across the string. If the capacitance
of the top unit is 10 times the capacitance to ground of each unit,
determine the capacitance of the remaining seven units.
rin
3 (i) Describe the general construction of an underground cable with a
neat sketch
(ii) A single core cable used on 33kV, 50Hz has conductor diameter g.n
BTL2
BTL3
Understanding
Applying

10mm and inner diameter of sheath 25mm. The relative permittivity

of insulating material used is 3.5 Find
(1)
(2)
(3)
Capacitance of the cable per km
Maximum and minimum electrostatic stress in the cable
Charging current per km
et
4 (i) Define string efficiency of suspension insulator string. List the BTL1 Remembering
methods to improve it BTL3 Applying
(ii) Each line of 3 phase system is suspended by the string of 3
identical insulators of self-capacitance ‘C” F. The shunt capacitance
of connecting metal work of each insulator is 0.2C to earth and 0.1C
to line. Calculate the string efficiency of the system if a guard ring
increase the capacitance to the line of metal work of the lowest
insulator to 0.3C.

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5 (i) Describe the general construction of 3-conductor cable with neat BTL2 Understanding
sketch. BTL3 Applying
(ii) A single core cable for 66kV, 3phase system as a conductor of
2cm diameter and sheath of inside diameter 5.3cm. It is required to
have two inter sheaths so that the stress varies between the same
maximum and minimum values in the three layers of dielectric. Find
the positions of inter sheaths, maximum and minimum stress and
voltages on the inter sheaths. Also find the maximum and minimum
stress if the inter sheath are not used.
6 Draw the neat sketches and explanation of pin and suspension type BTL2 Understanding
insulators. Compare their merits and demerits.
7 With neat diagram, explain the various methods of grading of BTL4 Analyzing
underground cables.

8 (i) Explain various types of insulators BTL2 Understanding

(ii) Calculate the maximum voltage that a string of 2 suspension BTL3 Applying
insulators and that of 3 suspension insulators can withstand, if the
maximum voltage for each insulators is not to exceed 170kV. The

ww 9
capacitance between each link pin and earth is 20% of that of self-
capacitance of each insulator.
(i) Compare overhead lines and underground cables. BTL4 Analyzing

w.E10
(ii) Explain different types of cables with neat diagram.
Define string efficiency and calculate its value for a string 3
insulators units if the capacitance of each unit to earth and line be
BTL2
BTL1
Understanding
Remembering

asy
20% and 5% of the self-capacitance of the unit. Derive any formula
that might be used.

En
11 Writ short notes on BTL2 Understanding
(1)Properties of insulation material used for cable
BTL3 Applying

gin
(2)The capacitance per kilometre of a 3 phase bolted core cable 0.2
micro farad/km between two cores with the third core connected to
sheath. Calculate the KVA. The supply voltage 6.6kV and 30km

12
long
ee
Derive an expression for the insulation resistance, capacitance and
the electrostatic stress of a single core cable.
rin
BTL6 Creating

13 What are the different types of testing of Insulators? Explain any one
method.
g.n
BTL4 Analyzing

et
14 (i) Describe the effect of thermal resistance in the underground cable BTL3 Applying
(ii)Derive the expression for the most economical conductor seize in BTL6 Creating
a cable.
PART - C
1 A 2km long 3 core,3 phase cable has capacitance 0.5µF/km between BTL6 Creating
two conductors bunched with sheath and the third conductor. The
capacitance between the conductors is also measured when bunched
together and the sheath and found to be 0.75µF/km. Determine
(1)Capacitance between phases
(2)Capacitance between the conductor and the sheath
(3)Effective per phase capacitance
(4)Capacitance between two conductors connecting third conductor
to the sheath
(5)Charging current if the supply voltage is 11kV,50Hz.

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2 (i) Describe an experiment to determine the capacitance of belted BTL5 Evaluating

cables
(ii)A 33kV single core cable has conductor diameter of 1 cm and a
sheath of inside diameter 4cm. Find the maximum and minimum
stress in the insulation.
3 What are the various properties of insulators? Also briefly explain BTL5 Evaluating
about suspension type and pin type insulators. Draw the schematic
diagram.
4 A string of 6 insulators units has self-capacitance equal to 10 times BTL6 Creating
the pin to earth capacitance. Determine
(1) The voltage distribution from top to bottom insulators as a
percentage of the total voltage
(2)The string efficiency, Derive the expressions required.

UNIT III
Mechanical design of transmission line – sag and tension calculations for

ww different weather conditions, Tower spotting, Types of towers, Substation Layout

(AIS, GIS), Methods of grounding.

Q.No
1
w.E Questions
PART - A

Generalize the factors affecting sag in a transmission line.

BT Level
BTL6
Competence
Creating
2
3
asy
Summarize the need for earthing.
Formulate the criteria on which the substation bus schemes are
chosen.
BTL2
BTL6
Understanding
Creating

4
5 Define sag. En
Assess the advantages of ring main distributors. BTL5
BTL1
Evaluating
Remembering
6
7
Criticize about stringing chart.
Describe about tower spotting. gin BTL5
BTL1
Evaluating
Remembering
8
9
10
Describe about by sag template.
Give types of grounding.
Classify the substation according to service. eer BTL1
BTL2
BTL4
Remembering
Understanding
Analyzing
11 Demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of having two circuit
breakers in duplicate bus bar system. ing
BTL3 Applying

12
13
List the significance of stringing chart.
Explain the various methods of neutral grounding.
BTL1
BTL4
.ne
Remembering
Analyzing

t
14 Examine the major equipment of a substation. BTL3 Applying
15 Illustrate about pole mounted substation. BTL3 Applying
16 Describe sag template. BTL1 Remembering
17 Discuss any two significance of neutral grounding. BTL2 Understanding
18 Classify substation. BTL4 Analyzing
19 List the factors on which conductors spacing and ground clearance BTL1 Remembering
depend.
20 Give any two factors that affect sag in an overhead line. BTL2 Understanding
PART - B
1 An OHL at a river crossing is supported from two towers of heights BTL3 Applying
30m and 90m above water level with the span of 300m. The weight
of the conductors is 1kg/m and working tension is 2000kg.
Determine the clearance between the conductor and water level
midway between the towers.
2 Explain about the various methods of neutral grounding. BTL2 Understanding

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3 A transmission line has a span of 275m between level supports. The BTL3 Applying
conductor has an effective diameter of 1.96cm and weighs
0.865kg/m. If the conductor has ice coating of radial thickness
1.27cm and is subjected to a wind pressure of 3.9gm/sq.cm of
projected area. The ultimate strength of the conductor is 8060kg.
Calculate the sag if the factor of safety is 2 and weight of 1c.c of ice
is 0.91gm.
4 Explain the following BTL2 Understanding
(1) Neutral grounding
(2) Resistance grounding
5 (i)Write short notes on Resonant earthing BTL1 Remembering
(ii) Describe the different types of bus-bar arrangements used in
substation. Illustrate with suitable diagrams.
6 Describe the different types of Substation layout and list few BTL2 Understanding
advantages of GIS.
7 Derive an expression for sag of a line supported between two BTL6 Creating
supports of the same height.
8 (i) A transmission line has a span of 275 metres between level BTL3 Applying

ww support. The conductor has an effective diameter of 1.96cm and

weighs 0.865 Kg/m. Its ultimate strength is 8060 Kg. If the
conductor has ice coating of radial thickness 1.27 cm and is
BTL2 Understanding

w.E subjected to a wind pressure of 39Kg/m2 of projected area.

Calculate the maximum sag. Assume that the safety factor is 2 and
ice weighs 910 KG/M3.
(ii)What is a sag-template? Explain how this is useful for

9 asy
location of towers and stringing of power conductors?
(i) Briefly describe the operation of outdoor and indoor substations. BTL2 Understanding

En
(ii) List out the symbols of any eight equipments in the substation. BTL4 Analyzing
10 (i)Prove that a transmission line conductor between two supports at BTL2 Understanding
equal heights takes the form of a catenary

gin
(ii)What is sag template? Explain how this is useful for location of
towers and stringing of power conductors.
11

12
ee
Explain the key points to be considered for tower spotting. Also list
the basic types of tower based on circuits.

Discuss briefly each of the following:

BTL2

rin
BTL1
Understanding

Remembering

g.n
(i) Feeders
(ii) Radial distribution
(iii) Ring main distribution.
13

14
Explain the following substation bus schemes.
(i)
(ii)
Double bus with double breaker.
Main and transfer bus.
With a neat sketch, explain double bus with double breaker and
BTL2

BTL3
etUnderstanding

Applying
double bus with single breaker. State their advantage and
disadvantages.
PART – C
1 Assume that the shape of an overhead line can be approximated by a BTL6 Creating
parabola; deduce expression for calculating sag and conductor
length. How can the effect of wind and ice loading be taken into
account.

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2 An overhead line has a span of 160m of stranded copper conductor BTL6 Creating
between level supports. The sag is 3.96 m at -5.5˚ C with 9.53 mm
thick in ice coating and wind pressure of 40 Kgf/m2 of projected
area. Calculate the temperature at which the sag will remain the
same under conditions of no ice and no wind. The particulars of the
conductor are as follows: size of conductor =7/3.45mm, Area of
cross section = 64.5mm2 weight of conductor = 0.594Kgf/m,
Modulus of elasticity = 12700 Kgf/mm2, coefficient of linear
expansion = 1.7X10-5 /˚ C, Assume 1 m3 of ice to weight 913.5Kgf

3 What are the different types of bus-bar arrangements used in sub- BTL5 Evaluating
stations? Illustrate your answer with suitable diagrams
4 Explain in detail the resistance of various grounding systems. BTL6 Creating

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w.E
asy
En
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ee rin
g.n
et

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