To Study the Behavior of BJT as Amplifier

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-layer semiconductor device that can be used as an
amplifier, switch or oscillator. To ensure that the BJT operates within a desired region of its
characteristics, a biasing circuit is necessary to provide the appropriate voltage and current levels
to its base, collector and emitter regions.

BJT amplifier is basically a bipolar junction transistor operated in the active region. It increases
the strength of the input signal and produces an amplified output. Depending upon the quantity
amplified by the circuit, the BJT amplifier could be a voltage, current, or power amplifier.

A bipolar transistor can be used for switching or amplification by allowing a tiny current
to be injected at one of its terminals and controlling a much greater current flowing
between two other terminals.

WORKING OF BJT

The BJT operates in two regions: the active region and the saturation region. In the active region,
the BJT acts as an amplifier, while in the saturation region, the BJT acts as a switch. The active
region is further divided into three regions: cutoff, active, and saturation.
To bias the BJT in the active region, we need to apply a DC voltage to the base-emitter junction.
This bias voltage is used to set the operating point of the BJT, which is also known as the
quiescent point or Q-point. The Q-point determines the DC voltage and current levels at which
the BJT operates
Application of BJT

The applications of this CE amplifier are as follows

1. These amplifiers are preferably used as the current amplifier than a voltage amplifier as it
has more current gain than the voltage gain.
2. In the radio frequency circuitry this configuration is preferred.
3. For the lower values of noise and its amplification this configuration is preferred.

The above are the some of the applications of the amplifier circuit. This configuration is simple
in design while operating as switch it operates under cut-off and the saturating regions. But while
operating as an amplifier there must be certain point in it that must be lying at the center of the
active region. This point decides the output signal quality.

EXPERIMENT NO :02

To Study the Behavior of BJT as Amplifier

Objective:

• Analyze the AC small-signal behavior of the BJT as an amplifier.

• Determine the voltage gain, input impedance, and output impedance of the BJT
amplifier.
• Evaluate the effect of changing the biasing conditions on the performance of the BJT
amplifier.

Apparatus:

• BJT transistor
• DC power supply
• Signal generator
• Oscilloscope
• Multimeter
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Breadboard
• Connecting wires
• Function generator
Procedure:

1) Set up the circuit on the breadboard or PCB board. Connect the BJT transistor in the CE
configuration, with the input signal applied to the base-emitter junction, and the output
signal taken from the collector-emitter junction. Connect the load resistor Rc between
the collector and Vcc. Choose appropriate values for the resistors and capacitors based
on the experiment's requirements and the BJT transistor used.
2) Set the DC bias voltage for the BJT amplifier. Use the multimeter to measure the voltage
at the base-emitter junction and adjust the DC power supply to set the desired bias
voltage. The bias voltage should be set such that the BJT operates in the active region.
3) Connect the signal generator to the input of the amplifier. Use a 1 kHz sine wave signal
with an amplitude of a few millivolts as the input signal.
4) Measure the output voltage of the amplifier using an oscilloscope. Adjust the load
resistor Rc to obtain the maximum output voltage. Calculate the voltage gain of the
amplifier as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage.
5) Measure the input impedance of the amplifier using a multimeter. Disconnect the signal
generator and connect a 1 kΩ resistor between the input terminals of the amplifier.
Measure the voltage across the resistor and calculate the input impedance as the ratio
of the voltage to the current (i.e., V/I).
6) Measure the output impedance of the amplifier using a multimeter. Disconnect the load
resistor Rc and connect a 1 kΩ resistor between the output terminals of the amplifier.
Measure the voltage across the resistor and calculate the output impedance as the ratio
of the voltage to the current (i.e., V/I).
7) Repeat the above steps for different values of the bias voltage and load resistor Rc to
analyze the effect of changing the biasing conditions on the performance of the BJT
amplifier.
8) After completing the experiment, remove the components from the breadboard or PCB
board and turn off the power supply and other equipment.
INPUT

Input Supply of 6Vpp will be provided to the circuit through Signal generator. And circuit will
also get powered by a DC power supply. DC power supply will provide 12V to the circuit.

OUTPUT
At output we will get an amplified signal of 11.2V AC. So, we get that BJT can be used as
amplifier and it can amplify our AC signal from a lower voltage to a higher Voltage level.
Mathematical Calculations

Emitter = 0.707
Collector = 0.685
So, it is an NPN Transistor
Vin = 6Vp-p
Vout = 11.2 (Oscilloscope)
Vout = 6.29 (RMS)

Proteus Simulations Circuit

INPUT
 Diagram

Simultion

OUTPUT

INPUT

Conclusion
We can use BJT as an amplifier circuit from which we can convert our low voltage signal level to
higher signal levels. As sum up BJT can be used as amplifier circuit.