Name: Apriandi

NIM. : B10020232

Class. :F

Resumes of Morals and Sufism

 Definition of Sufism

The term Sufism comes from the word Sufi which means sacred. Indeed, Sufism comes from the
group of Sufis who always associate religious teachings with feelings of deep love and purity of
heart. For this reason, Sufism is interpreted as purifying the heart and preventing it from getting
hurt, getting dirty, and then making the heart clear and harmonious with the relationship between
man and God.

The science of Sufism itself explains how to develop the human mind to draw closer to God. To some
extent there is the term Makrifat, which means one with God. That is the highest achievement or
goal of Sufism.

Sufism promotes discipline in worship, concentration on life's purpose before Allah, and liberation
from self and human attachment to worldly life. Sufism teaches not to love the mortal world and to
hope only for the pleasure of Allah. The mortal world will make people forget only true love, namely
the essence of love only for Allah SWT. For this reason worldly things will certainly be shunned and
diminished by Sufis.

 Basic Teachings of Sufism

The basis of the teachings of Sufism is to purify oneself from sin, seek the pleasure of Allah and live
in a state of asceticism. They adorn their hearts with love and adorn themselves with noble morals.
The teachings of Sufism are based on various beliefs, including:

1. The view that the behavior of the Prophet Muhammad is the value of Sufism

The behavior of the Prophet Muhammad is, for Sufism scholars, a reflection of the behavior of
Sufism. Among them are staying silent in the cave of Hira, living ascetically or simply, having no love
for worldly possessions, always approaching Allah through remembrance, prayer and prayer.

Concepts of Sufism also arise because of beliefs about the characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad
such as repentance, patience, trust and pleasure in what God has given. This behavior is considered
in accordance with the teachings of Sufism and in accordance with the goal of attaining the pleasure
of Allah SWT.

2. Verses in the Quran

In the verses of the Al-Qur'an, there are also verses that are the basis of the teachings of Sufism,
including the following:

"The person who purifies his soul is truly lucky, and the person who pollutes his soul loses" (QS Asy-
Shams: 9)
 The disaster raised concerns about nuclear fission reactors around the world, and hundreds
of reactor proposals, including those currently under construction at Chernobyl (Nos. 5 and
6), were eventually cancelled.

The incident also raised concerns about the safety culture in the Soviet nuclear power
industry, slowing the growth of the industry and forcing the government to be more open
about its procedures, which ended in the collapse of the Soviets.”

1. Sidoarjo hot mud

The Sidoarjo Hot Mudflow, also known as the Lapindo Mudflow (Lula) or the Sidoarjo
Mudflow (Lusi), is an event in which hot mud is spewed at the Lapindo Brantas Inc. drilling
site. In Balongnongo Hamlet, Renokenongo Village, Porong District, Sidoarjo Regency, East
Java, Indonesia, since May 29, 2006. The hot mudslide for several months resulted in
flooding of residential, agricultural and industrial areas in the three surrounding sub-
districts, as well as affect economic activity in East Java.

The location of this mudslide is in Porong, a district in the southern part of Sidoarjo Regency,
about 12 km south of the town of Sidoarjo. This sub-district is bounded by Gempol
(Pasuruan Regency) sub-district to the south.

The location of the center of the eruption is just 150 meters from the Banjar Panji-1 (BJP-1)
well, a gas exploration well owned by Lapindo Brantas Inc. as the operator of the Brantas
block. Therefore, until now it is suspected that the hot mudslide was caused by the drilling
work that Lapindo Brantas performed in the well. Lapindo Brantas himself has two theories
about the origin of the eruptions. First, mudslides are associated with procedural errors in
drilling operations. Second, the mudslide coincided with the drilling because of something
that is not yet known. However, there are more written materials that tend to form as a
result of drilling.

The location of the mudslide is a residential area and the surrounding area is one of the
major industrial areas in East Java. Not far from the site of the eruption are the Surabaya-
Gempol toll road, the Surabaya-Malang and Surabaya-Pasuruan-Banyuwangi highways (east
coast line), as well as the Surabaya-Malang and Surabaya-Banyuwangi east railways.

Some say the Lapindo mudslide overflowed due to PT Lapindo's activities near that location.
Lapindo Brantas drilled the Banjar Panji-1 well in early March 2006 using a drilling
contractor, PT Medici Citra Nusantara. The contract was obtained by Medici in January 2006
on behalf of Alton International Indonesia, after winning a US$24 million drilling contract
from Lapindo.

A number of attempts have been made to deal with mud flooding, including by constructing
levees to counter the areas of mud flooding. However, the mud continues to flow every day,
so that the dike can break at any time, which threatens to flood the settlements near the
dike. If the disaster is not dealt with within three months, a reservoir with concrete must be
built on an area of 342 hectares by evacuating 12,000 inhabitants. The Ministry of the
Environment said that to contain the mud until December 2006, they are preparing a new
150-acre reservoir. There is also a reserve of 342 hectares capable of meeting demand until
 June 2007. At the end of October, the sludge volume was estimated to have reached 7
million m3, but the plan was canceled for no apparent reason.

The Meteorological and Geophysical Agency predicts that the rainy season will start in two
months. If the estimate is correct, the reservoir is at risk of overcapacity. Mud flowed in all
directions and polluted the environment.

The Nov. 10 Surabaya Institute of Technology (ITS) estimates that the rainy season could
cause levees to collapse, mud reservoirs to overflow, toll roads to flood, and mud to begin to
bulldoze the railway track. This is a danger that will arise in the short term.

Three teams of experts have been formed to extinguish the mud and deal with its
consequences. They work in parallel. Each team consists of representatives from Lapindo,
the government and a number of experts from several leading universities. Among them are
experts from ITS, Bandung Institute of Technology and Gadjah Mada University. Team One,
capturing the mudslide, struggles with the blackout scenario. The short-term goal is to
extinguish the sludge and find a quick fix for the millions of cubic sludge lying on the ground.

2. Minamata (Japan)

Minamata disease or Minamata syndrome is a syndrome of neurological dysfunction caused

by acute mercury poisoning. Symptoms of this syndrome include tingling in the feet and
hands, weakness, narrowing of vision, and impairment of speech and hearing. On an acute
level, these symptoms usually worsen, accompanied by paralysis, madness, coma and finally
death.

This disease gets its name from the city of Minamata, Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan, the
area where this disease was endemic from 1958. At that time, there was a disease outbreak
problem in the city of Minamata, Japan. Hundreds of people died of a strange disease with
symptoms of nerve paralysis. Knowing this, health experts find a problem to be observed
immediately and look for the cause. Through in-depth observation of the symptoms of the
disease and the habits of the Japanese people, including eating patterns, a hypothesis was
then formulated. The hypothesis is that the disease is similar to someone being poisoned by
heavy metals. Subsequently, it is known from the local culture that the Japanese have a
habit of consuming sea fish in large quantities. Based on the hypothesis and dietary habits,
an experiment was then carried out to determine whether the fish in Minamata Bay
contained a lot of heavy metals (mercury). Then a theory was put forward that the disease
was caused by poisoning with mercury metal in fish. These fish contain mercury because
people or factories dump mercury into the sea. The investigation continued and it was
eventually found that the source of the mercury came from the Chisso battery factory. In the
end, the factory was closed and the residents of Minamata had to pay a loss of about $26.6
million.

BRONES :
 https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/JML/article/view/18551#:~:text=Bencana
%20environmental%20life%20disebabakan%20by,environment%20life%20is
%20consequence%20modernization .
 https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?
client=srp&depth=1&hl=id&nv=1&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&s
p=nmt4&tl=id&u=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Seveso_disaster&usg=ALkJrhizT7-EGhKRXq1m845yscfDkT_bMw
 https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bencana_Chernobyl
 https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_lumpur_panas_Sidoarjo
 https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit_Minamata