MODAL VERBS - GRADE 11 - 2223

FORM USE EXAMPLE

Must + V bare inf Obligation You must pay this bill by tomorrow.

Assumptions He must be hungry! He hasn’t eaten

Recommendations, strong advice
Mustn’t prohibition
Have to inf Obligation, necessity
Don’t/doesn’t have to inf = Lack of necessity or obligation
don’t/doesn’t need to inf
Didn’t need to Lack of necessity or obligation in the
past
anything all day.
You must have a look at this new
smartphone. It’s amazing!
You mustn’t use his printer without
his permission.
Phong has to get up very early to
commute from Binh Duong to HCM.
Don’t worry. You don’t have to type
the whole essay.

Will
Requests Would you bring a copy of your CV
to the interview
Would Past habits Frank would always play tennis
every Friday evenings.
Past form of will Alison said he would return before
10
Shall Suggestions (Shall we..?)
Offers (Shall I. ..?)

• Should + V bare infinitive Expressing advice or obligation

• Ought to + Vbare infinitive
• Had better + V bare infinitive
Other structures expressing advice or polite Ex: If I were you I would stop crying over spilt
obligation milk.
If I were you, I would ____.
I can’t see any point in your _____.
The best thing you could do is _____.
The best thing for you to do is _____.

Complete the sentences with ‘mustn’t’ or ‘don’t doesn’t have to’

1. You _________________________ come with me if you don’t want to.

2. Children _________________________ disobey their parents.
3. He ________________________ rush. He’s got plenty of time.
 4. Peter _______________________ write to his friend, John, as he is seeing him next weekend.
5. Children __________________ touch electrical wires.
6. You _____________________ play your music loud at night when people are sleeping.
7. I ____________________ go to bed early tonight because I will be off tomorrow.
8. Drivers ____________________ throw litter out of car windows.

Complete the sentences with ‘must’ and ‘have to’ in the most appropriate way.

1. You ________________ (not) lie to your parents.

2. This year, I ____________________ (not) get up early every day, but last year I
________________ get up early each morning.
3. Sheila ___________________ (not) bring so much food to the party yesterday. It wasn’t necessary.
4. You ____________________ (not) come to tomorrow’s meeting if you don’t want to.
5. Since his wife’s death, he ____________________ take care of his two children all by himself.
6. Jim ____________________ finish the report by next month.
7. My teacher told me that I ________________________ study more if I wanted to pass.
8. You ______________________ (not) play music very loudly at night.
9. She will be rich when she reaches the age of thirty. She ____________________ (not) work.
10. I _________________________ stop playing tennis when I broke my leg last year.
11. I _________________________ get 8.0 in the Ielts this year.
12. All the lights ____________________ ( turn) off before you leave the office.
13. We ____________________ (not) do to the washing-up since we bought a dishwasher last month.

‘Must’ with the meaning of deduction

Complete the sentences with ‘must’ or ‘can’t’

 MODAL PERFECT

Used for PAST SITUATIONS

MAY/MIGHT HAVE + V PAST PARTICIPLE SPECULATION ABOUT A PAST

EVENT/ACTION
EXPRESS YOUR CERTAINTY THAT ST IN
MUST HAVE + V PAST PARTICIPLE
THE PAST HAPPENED
EXPRESS YOUR CERTAINTY THAT ST IN
CAN’T HAVE + V PAST PARTICIPLE
THE PAST DIDN'T HAPPEN

SHOULD HAVE + V PAST PARTICIPLE

OUGHT TO HAVE + V PAST PARTICIPLE

TO EXPRESS CRITICISM OR REGRET
1. Eddie ________ that robbery: he was with me the whole weekend.
A. couldn’t do B. mightn’t do
C. couldn’t have done D. mightn’t have done
2. Simple though it _____ be in style, this is one of the most beautiful poems in the entire collection.
A. could B. may C. should D. would
3. “I can fix the roof myself.”
“I wouldn’t do that if I were you – you _______”
A. might fall B. should fall C. may have fallen D. could have fallen
4. Nga _________ married at eighteen, but she decided to go abroad and study instead.
A. could get B. could be getting C. could have got D. may have got
5. The shop assistant was quite helpful, but she felt he __________ have given her more advice.
A. must B. could C. will D. would
6. Those with ability actively encouraged by parents or teacher ________ well benefit from the education offered by a special
music school.
A. may B. should C. must D. would
7. Peter finds it hard to have a well-paid job. Now he wishes he _______ have joined the course.
A. must B. could C. should D. would
8. She wasn’t a strict teacher but cheating was one thing she _____ allow for.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. mightn’t D. wouldn’t
9. I can’t find my wallet. _____ it at home.
A. I might have left B. I must leave C. Maybe I leave D. I should have left.
10. The classroom is so dirty. Perhaps we _________ spend some time cleaning the room.
A. must B. have C. should D. would
11. You ________ me that the meeting was cancelled! I came in specially for it.
A. would have told B. will tell C. can tell D. might have told.
12. I wish I _________ able to inform you of his absence in advance. My cellphone was out of battery.
A. were B. could be C. could have been D. can be
13. It _________ rained last night, as the road looks wet.
A. must have B. would have C. ought to have D. should have
14. The meeting _______ place on the third Friday of last month, but we have to postpone it at the last minute.
A. should take B. must have taken C. was supposed to take D. seemed to have taken
15. Our neighbor is having a test. You _____________ noise in class.
A. ought not make B. shouldn’t have made C. are not supposed to make D. will not make
16. The man who answered the phone ______________ my brother, for I have no brother.
A. can’t be B. can’t have been C. mustn’t have been D. shouldn’t have been
17. I couldn’t go to class yesterday, because my car broke down.” “You ______ mine. I wasn’t using it.”
A. could borrow B. may borrow
C. could have borrowed D. may have borrowed
18. We’re going to a concert. You _____ feel like going there.
A. might B. must C. can D. ought to
Complete the sentences using ‘should have’, ‘shouldn’t have’, ‘must have’, ‘might have’, ‘can’t have’
+ V past participle

16 I am sure Mr Phong gave him a second chance for the final essay.

Janet must _________________________________________.

17. I think the parcel was mistakenly delivered.

The parcel might ____________________________________.

18. I am sure the boy turned down the invitation.

The boy can’t _______________________________________.