2022-5-2-1 3D Composition & Spatial Composition

2022-09-22
Three Dimensional Composition

&
Spatial Composition
立体构成与空间限定
INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN THEORY & FUNDAMENTALS OF DESIGN-I
3 Dimensional Composition & Spatial Composition
◼ Composition 构成
By decomposing various forms or materials, 将各种形态或材料进行分解
Find out its basic elements 找出它的造型要素
Following a certain rule 然后按照一定的形式组织原则
Reorganize the materials to create new forms 为素材重新赋予秩序与组织，从而创造新的形态。
◼ Composition
1. Two dimensional composition 平面构成
Focuses on the relationship between:
form & form / form & space
2. Color composition 色彩构成

Focuses on the relationship between:
color & color / color & form
3. Three dimensional composition 立体构成

Focuses on relationship between:
volume & volume / volume & space
◼ 3 Dimensional composition 立体构成
3 Dimensional composition is an abstract composition, which focuses on “elements" and their

“relationships"
立体构成是一种抽象构成，“要素”及其“关系”。
Elements of a three dimensional composition立体构成的基本要素
The ways in creating a three dimensional composition立体构成的基本操作方式
Materials and connections in a three dimensional composition立体构成中的材料与联结

⚫ Basic elements of 3D Composition: point / line / plane / block (点、线、面、体)

⚫ Basic element: point 点
以点的形态在空间产生的视觉凝聚的形体
It could be a hollow point. It could be a slab like a point.

可以是镂空的点，也可以是片状的点。
A point can be circular and non-directional. It could also be a directional shape.

点可以是圆形的，无方向性。也可以是有方向性的形状
Xiayu Kindergarten (Atelier Deshaus)
Xiayu Kindergarten is located in the Qingpu District, Shanghai.

The architects put an emphasis on the difference inside and outside and separated 15
classrooms and teacher offices into two curve clusters.
In designing class units, the architects arranged all the living rooms on the first floor with
outdoor playgrounds and left colored bedroom boxes on second floor.
Xiayu Kindergarten, Qingpu District, Shanghai (Atelier Deshaus)
To emphasize floating and

uncertain feeling, the
architects detached the
second floor of each colored
box from the roof of first
floor.
Every three bedrooms are

linked by wooden walkways,
so as to create a friendly
atmospheres like a bedroom
village.
⚫ Basic element: line 线
A form with lines 以线的形态在空间中构成所产生的形体

A penetrating sense of depth 富有穿透性深度感
Straight lines offer a feeling of rigidness, sharpness, coldness, and modernity, while the curvy
lines offer a feeling of softness, smoothness, and full of elasticity.
直线刚劲锐利，冷峻现代。曲线柔和流畅，充满弹性。
Thick and hard lines are strong while thin and fine lines are soft.
粗线厚实有力，细线纤细柔弱
Curvy lines versus straight lines

Lines with different materials

Lines with different shapes

Beijing National Stadium (also known as Bird’s Nest ) ·Beijing (Herzog & de Meuron Architekten)
The design uses steel beams as structural support for the retractable roof, which makes the appearance
of the stadium like a bird's nest.
⚫ Basic element: plane 面
Use basic elements of planes to separate the space

以平面形态在空间中构成的形体。富有分离空间，或虚或实，或开或关的效果。
Different shapes of plane.

Curved plane versus twisted plane

Folding and separated plane versus folding and inserted plane.

折叠的面，折叠并穿插的面。
China’s National Swimming Centre (water cube) ·Beijing (Australia PTW Architects)
China’s National Swimming Centre, also known as “Water Cube”, is a cube shape which is composed of
a steel space frame and ETFE pillows.
⚫ Basic element: block 体
A block (volume) put an emphasis on its shape, position, mass.

体块能使人明显感受到它的外形、位置、量感
Large volumes offer a strong feeling, while small volumes offer a sense of lightness.
体量大的体块给人强有力的感觉，体量小的产生轻巧的感觉。
Regular flat blocks give a sense of stability and permanence.

Regular curved blocks offer a sense of elegance.
规则的平面体给人稳定、恒久的感觉。规则的曲面体视觉效果饱满、优雅。
The changing with material characteristics. 材料特征带来改变。
Pyramid du Louvre (glass pyramid)

The Louvre is a very old place that was the palace of the King and Queen of France but since
the French Revolution it is a museum. Pyramid du Louvre shows that modernity and old
historical landmarks can match together.
The sculpture produced by Henry Spencer Moore (1898-1986)
Henry Spencer Moore (1898 – 1986) was an English artist. He is best known for his semi-
abstract monumental bronze sculptures. The blocks in his sculpture are usually abstracted
forms of the human figure.
Sino-French Center at Tongji University (Zhang Bing)

Sino-French Center at Tongji University (Zhang Bing)
Sino-French Center of Tongji University is located at the Southeast corner of the campus.
The project is composed of three parts: college, office, and public gathering space. Two similar but
different blocks, that are college and office sectors, overlap and interlock with each other. These two
blocks are linked together by a public gathering space.
⚫ The ways in creating a three dimensional composition
Accumulation 积聚
Additive composition, which uses the ways of repetition, gradual change, approximation, rotation
and radiation to make same or similar forms in a certain way to form a whole.
加法构成，运用重复、渐变等方式，将相同或近似的基本体作规律、非规律的聚集，形成整体。
Cutting 切割
Subtractive composition, which uses the methods of reduction and perforation to subtract the
whole to create a new form;
Or by means of sliding, dislocating, and shifting, the whole is decomposed into basic parts and
then reassembled into a new form.
减法构成，运用减缺、穿孔等方式将整体进行消减以构成新的形态；或以滑动、错落、移位等方式，将一个
整体分解成基本形再重新组合。
Deformation 变形
The basic shape is curled, twisted, folded, extruded, and expanded to generate a new form.
对基本形进行卷曲、扭弯、折叠、挤压、生长、膨胀等操作，使其产生内在紧张感，形成新的形态。
Accumulation 积聚
The accumulation modes of basic units: Repetition / approximation / Rotation / Radiation
基本形的积聚方式：重复、渐变、旋转、放射
Accumulation 积聚
Repeat units to create a new form 重复基本形的重复积聚
Accumulation 积聚
Gradual accumulation of repeated units 重复基本形的渐变积聚
Accumulation 积聚
Gradual accumulation of basic forms 基本形的渐变积聚
Accumulation 积聚
Accumulation of approximate forms (units)近似基本形的积聚
Accumulation 积聚
Accumulation of approximate forms (units) 近似基本形的积聚
Accumulation 积聚
Accumulation of approximate forms (units) 近似基本形的积聚
Accumulation
Gradual accumulation of approximate units渐变基本形的渐变积聚
Accumulation 积聚
2016 Serpentine Pavilion • London (BIG)
The pavilion is positioned perpendicular to the Serpentine gallery. The interior pavement is shaped by the
curve of the walls, extending on both ends to provide a smooth transition between interior and exterior.
The wall consists of 1,802 glass fiber boxes (400*500 mm) with 2890 cruciform aluminium extrusions.
Accumulation 积聚
The LEGO House Museum (BIG)
Architect firm BIG (Bjarke Ingels Group) has designed a building that illustrates the systematic creativity of LEGO
bricks. The building is seen as the right look for the LEGO House.
The creative use of the LEGO brick shape is a visualization of the systematic creativity that is at the core of LEGO
play.
Accumulation 积聚
White Tree • Montpellier ( SOU FUJIMOTO ARCHITECTS)
The architects devised a residential building inspired by a tree, with balconies that branch off the trunk
and shades that sprout out of and protect its façade.
The balconies do promote outdoor living and enable a new type of relationship between residents.
Cutting 切割
Accumulate (additive composition) 积聚（加法） Cutting (subtractive composition) 切割（减法）
Combine the parts into a whole Subtract the whole to create a new form
Cutting 切割
Accumulate (additive composition) 积聚（加法） Cutting (subtractive composition) 切割（减法）
Cutting 切割
Plane cutting 面的切割
Cutting 切割
Block cutting 体的切割
Cutting 切割
Plane cutting and recombining
面的切割与重组
Block cutting and recombining, which also shows the cutting process.
体的切割重组，但仍显示切割的过程
Cutting + Accumulation (repeat units)

切割+重复积聚的构成
Shandong Art Museum (Li Li)
It is a cube shaped with corners being cut.

Deformation 变形
Deformation 变形
Deformation 变形
Absolute Towers • Mississauga (MAD) Shanghai Tower • Shanghai (Gensler)

Deformation 变形
2003 Walt Disney Concert Hall • Los Angeles (Frank Owen Gehry)
With its swooping curves and eye-catching metallic exterior, the Walt Concert
Hall, designed by Frank Gehry, has become an instant Lost Angeles landmark.
⚫ The morphological organization 立体构成的形态组织
Materials and connections in a three-dimensional composition

立体构成中的材料与联结
Materials offer different texture and tactile sensation 材料-质感和肌理
Stone Cast iron Clay

Materials offer different texture and tactile sensation 材料-质感和肌理

Soft and hard, smooth and rough
Materials - texture and tactile sensation 材料-质感和肌理
Use different colors on both sides of the material 利用材料两个面的不同色彩

Materials - texture and tactile sensation材料-质感和肌理
Different colors distinguish the inside from the outside

利用材料两个面的不同色彩
Materials - texture and tactile sensation 材料-质感和肌理
Use different texture on both sides of the material or use different materials
利用材料的不同肌理
◼ Modeling Materials
Cardpaper（卡纸）
Paperboard（纸板）
Cardboard（瓦楞纸板）
Foamboard（泡沫塑料板）
Styrofoam（聚乙烯泡沫塑料）
Expanded polystyrene（发泡聚苯乙烯）
Extruded polystyrene （挤塑聚苯乙烯）
Acrylic glass（有机玻璃）
Wood（木）
Plaster（石膏）
Clay（陶土）
Concrete（混凝土）
Cardpaper（卡纸）
Tennisclubhaus Heller by Atelier Singer Dicker (1928)
Paperboard（纸板）
Frankfurter Kueche by Margarete Schuette-Lihotzky (1926)
Bundesschulzentrum Feldbach by Team A Graz (1980)
Cardboard（瓦楞纸板）
Haus Muehlbauer by Ernst Plischke (1931)
Foamboard（泡沫塑料板）
Haus Beer by Josef Frank & Oskar Wlach (1931)
Styrofoam（聚乙烯泡沫塑料）
Casa Oro by Bernhard Rudovsky (1937)
Expanded polystyrene（发泡聚苯乙烯）
Haus Spitz by Ernst Plischky (1937)
Vertical City by Friedrich St. Florian (1967)
Extruded polystyrene （挤塑聚苯乙烯）

Oesterreichischer Pavillon Weltausstellung Paris by Josef Hoffmann (1925)
Acrylic glass（有机玻璃）
Fremdenverkehrs Pavillon Werkbundausstellung by Ernst Lichtblau (1930)
Wood（木）
Kindergarten Montreal by Karl Schwanzer (1967)
Plaster（石膏）
Nuclear House by Friedrich Kiesler (1931)
Plaster（石膏）
Villa Auspitz by Helmut Camillo Wagner-Freynsheim (1930)
Clay（陶土）
Bellevue by Traude & Wolfgang Windbrechtinger (1963)
Concrete（混凝土）
Haus Wittgenstein by Ludwig Wittgenstein & Paul Engelmann (1928)
Three dimensional composition with basic elements of vertical plane
The contrast between color composition and 3D dimensional composition: warmness and
softness (in a private bedroom) versus coldness and roughness (in a high density modern city)
Three dimensional composition with basic elements of plane
Insert vertical and horizontal planes and use wooden material in the model making
Make dominant colors in three tasks consistent, from warm sunset in the original photo to yellow
color in color composition and to the wooden texture in a three dimensional composition
Three dimensional composition with basic elements of planes and lines
Abstract planes and lines from original photo, combine these two basic forms in the color
composition, and insert planes with lines (sticks) in the three dimensional composition
Three dimensional composition with approximate lines (frames)
Three dimensional composition with geometric shapes, including curves, ovals, rectangles, squares…
It could be a challenge to cut a whole oval or curves in model making.
An alternative way is to divide curves into fragmented pieces and transform fragmented curves into a
three dimensional form to make sure the overall projection of 3D composition being consistent with
original color composition.
■ Institute of Fundamentals in Architecture & Design 22.09.2022

2022-5-2-1 3D Composition &amp; Spatial Composition

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2022-09-22

Three Dimensional Composition

2. Color composition 色彩构成

3. Three dimensional composition 立体构成

◼ 3 Dimensional composition 立体构成

3 Dimensional composition is an abstract composition, which focuses on “elements" and their

Elements of a three dimensional composition立体构成的基本要素

The ways in creating a three dimensional composition立体构成的基本操作方式

Materials and connections in a three dimensional composition立体构成中的材料与联结

⚫ Basic elements of 3D Composition: point / line / plane / block (点、线、面、体)

⚫ Basic element: point 点

⚫ Basic element: point 点

It could be a hollow point. It could be a slab like a point.

⚫ Basic element: point 点

A point can be circular and non-directional. It could also be a directional shape.

⚫ Basic element: point 点

Xiayu Kindergarten (Atelier Deshaus)

Xiayu Kindergarten is located in the Qingpu District, Shanghai.

⚫ Basic element: point 点

Xiayu Kindergarten, Qingpu District, Shanghai (Atelier Deshaus)

To emphasize floating and

Every three bedrooms are

⚫ Basic element: line 线

A form with lines 以线的形态在空间中构成所产生的形体

⚫ Basic element: line 线

⚫ Basic element: line 线

⚫ Basic element: line 线

Curvy lines versus straight lines

⚫ Basic element: line 线

Lines with different materials

⚫ Basic element: line 线

Lines with different shapes

⚫ Basic element: line 线

⚫ Basic element: plane 面

Use basic elements of planes to separate the space

⚫ Basic element: plane 面

Different shapes of plane.

⚫ Basic element: plane 面

Curved plane versus twisted plane

⚫ Basic element: plane 面

Folding and separated plane versus folding and inserted plane.

⚫ Basic element: plane 面

⚫ Basic element: block 体

A block (volume) put an emphasis on its shape, position, mass.

⚫ Basic element: block 体

⚫ Basic element: block 体

Regular flat blocks give a sense of stability and permanence.

⚫ Basic element: block 体

The changing with material characteristics. 材料特征带来改变。

Pyramid du Louvre (glass pyramid)

⚫ Basic element: block 体

The sculpture produced by Henry Spencer Moore (1898-1986)

⚫ Basic element: block 体

Sino-French Center at Tongji University (Zhang Bing)

⚫ Basic element: block 体

Sino-French Center at Tongji University (Zhang Bing)

⚫ The ways in creating a three dimensional composition

Cutting + Accumulation (repeat units)

Shandong Art Museum (Li Li)

It is a cube shaped with corners being cut.

Absolute Towers • Mississauga (MAD) Shanghai Tower • Shanghai (Gensler)

⚫ The morphological organization 立体构成的形态组织

Materials and connections in a three-dimensional composition

2022-5-2-1 3D Composition & Spatial Composition

2022-5-2-1 3D Composition & Spatial Composition