Dokumen - Tips - Nata 2016 Study Material

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Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO
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NATA ONLINE CLASSROOM NATA SOLVED DRAWINGS NATA ONLINE MOCK TEST
1 3 5
Basics: Units, Non-verbal Color Theory
Conversions, etc. Reasoning
The section describes the This section contains The part explores the
basics of different units of different parts related basics of primary,
measurement and their to logical reasoning like secondary and tertiary
respective conversion, analogy, series, mirror colors, along with color
along with different sizes of image, water image, harmony principles like
paper and types of pencil embedded image, complimentary, triad,
grades. pattern completion, etc. split-complimentary, etc.
page- 01 page- 13 page- 26
2 4 6
3-D Visualization Basics of design Architectural
Terminology
The section encourages The section describes the This part introduces with
and sharpens their elements and principles different architectural
visualization sense by of design, illustrating the terminology with images
means of exercises like basics of an artwork. illustrating the same.
surface counting, view
recognition, etc of a 3-D
form.

7 9 11
Architecture Basics of Vocabulary
Awareness Building Material
The chapter introduces The part introduces The part gives glimpses
to different styles and to different building of questions based on
architects within India and materials of construction synonyms-antonyms
across the world along and their uses, like asked in NATA Online
with their famous works of aluminum, asbestos, Exam.
architecture. bitumen, asphalt, brick,
concrete, steel, etc.
8 10 12
History of Mathematics Sample NATA
Architecture Aptitude Online Mock
The section introduces The section has different Test
to different architecture questions of Arithmetic
styles of the past times, with topics, like
like Greek, Roman, algebra, speed-motion,
Byzantine, Gothic, percentage, area,
Romanesque, etc. perimeter, etc.

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3-D Visualization Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO
2|3-D Visualization
Left Side Elevation
3-D Object Right Side Elevation
3-D Object Left Side Elevation Right Side Elevation
3-D Object Right Side Elevation Left Side Elevation

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Basics of Design Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO
4|Basics of Design
Basics of Design
The elements and principles of design are the building blocks used to create a work of art. The elements
of design can be thought of as the things that make up a painting, drawing, design etc. Good or bad - all
paintings will contain most of if not all, the seven elements of design.
The Principles of design can be thought of as what we do to the elements of design. How we apply the
Principles of design determines how successful we are in creating a work of art.
Elements of Design
• Line- Line can be considered in two ways. The linear marks made with a pen or brush or the edge
created when two shapes meet.
• Shape- A shape is a self contained defined area of geometric or organic form. A positive shape in
a painting automatically creates a negative shape.
• Direction- All lines have direction - Horizontal, Vertical or Oblique. Horizontal suggests calmness,
stability and tranquillity. Vertical gives a feeling of balance, formality and alertness. Oblique
suggests movement and action.
• Size- Size is simply the relationship of the area occupied by one shape to that of another.
• Texture- Texture is the surface quality of a shape - rough, smooth, soft hard glossy etc. Texture
can be physical (tactile) or visual.
• Color- Also called Hue. The 12 part color wheel below is based on the three primary colors ( Red,
Yellow and Blue ) placed evenly around a circle. Between the three primaries are the secondary
colors (Green, Orange and Violet) which are mixtures of the two primaries they sit between. The
tertiary colors fall between each
primary and secondary. Between
yellow and orange, for example, is
yellow orange, between blue and
violet is blue violet and so on. All
these colors around the outside
of the color wheel are called
saturated colors. They contain no
black, no white and none of their
complimentary or opposite color.
• VALUE- Value is the lightness or
darkness of a colour. Value is also
called Tone
Color Wheel
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Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO Color Theory
5|Color Theory
Color is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, blue,
yellow, etc. Color derives from the spectrum of light (distribution of light power versus wavelength)
interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. A color wheel or color circle
is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle that shows relationships between
primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors etc.
In traditional color theory (used Green, orange and purple Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-
in paint and pigments), primary These are the colors formed by purple, blue-purple, blue-green
colors are the 3 pigment colors mixing the primary colors. & yellow-green. These are the
that can not be mixed or formed colors formed by mixing a primary
by any combination of other and a secondary color. That’s why
colors. All other colors are derived the hue is a two word name, such
from these 3 hues. as blue-green, red-violet, etc.
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Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO Architecture Terminology
6|Architecture Terminology
1. Apse 5. Arch
A semicircular, A structural devise,
polygonal, or curved in shape, to
rectangular extension span an opening by
at the end of a Roman means of wedge-
basilica or a Christian shaped bricks or
church. stones (voussoirs) that
support each other
by exerting mutual
pressure and that
are buttressed at the
2. Arcade sides.
A series of arches 6. Architectural
supported on piers Symmetry
or columns. A “blind”
A characteristic
arcade is a row of
(particularly of
arches applied to the
classical architecture)
wall as an ornamental
by which the two
feature.
sides of a facade or
3. Azulejo architectural floor
Azulejo is a form plan of a building
of Spanish and present mirror images
Portuguese painted of one another.
tin-glazed ceramic 7. Attic Window
tile work. They were
A window lighting an
not only used as an
attic story, and often
ornamental art form,
located in a cornice.
but also had a specific
Attic windows are
functional capacity
common to ancient
like temperature
Greek and Greek
control in homes.
Revival architecture.
4. Adobe Bricks 8. Aisle
Bricks formed out of A passage or corridor
mud or clay, and baked parallel to the nave of
in a kiln or under the a church or an ancient
sun. Adobe bricks basilica and separated
are often bonded from it by columns or
together with mud- piers.
or lime-mortar joints,
and coats of lime-
and-sand stucco often
cover adobe walls to
prevent them from
eroding in the rain.
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Architecture Terminology Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO
9. Attic 13. Brackets

An attic or a loft is a A projection from a
space found directly vertical surface that
below the pitched roof provides structural
of a house or other and/or visual support
building (also called for overhanging
garret or sky parlor). elements such as
10. Balustrade cornices, balconies,
and eaves.
A railing composition 14. Balcony
composed of
upper and lower A platform that
rails, balusters and projects from the
pedestals. Materials wall of a building, and
used can range from which is enclosed on
stone to brick, wood its outer three sides by
and sheet metal. a balustrade, railing,
11. Barrel Vault or parapet.
15. Bay
A barrel vault, also
known as a tunnel Bay, in architecture,
vault or a wagon vault, is the space between
is an architectural two columns, or
element formed by the pilasters, or from pier
extrusion of a single to pier in a church,
curve along a given including that part of
distance. The curves the vaulting or ceiling
are typically circular in between them, is
shape, lending a semi- known as a bay.
cylindrical appearance 16. Bousillage
to the total design.
A form of plaster
made of mud, clay
and moss used in
12. Blind Arch poteaux-en-terre
A blind arch is an construction in French
arch-shaped opening Colonial architecture,
within a structure particularly in
that has been filled Louisiana.
in, making it unusable 17. Belvedere
as a traditional door
or window. A blind A small, square
arch may be filled cupola that functions
in immediately as a lookout tower,
after construction, located at the top of
allowing it to serve as a building. Belvederes
a primarily aesthetic are characteristic of
function from the very Italianate houses.
beginning.
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Architecture Awareness Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO
7|Architecture Awareness
Sainsbury center Hearst Tower Gherkin
City Hall, London
Norman Foster
Park Guell Palacio Casa

Guell Vicens
Antoni Gaudi
Casa Mila Park Guell Sagrada Sagrada
Familia Familia
Frank Ghery Guggenheim Museum, Waly Disney Concert Hall

Bilbao
Vitra Design Museum Dancing House
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Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO Architecture Awareness
Harvard Arts Museum The Shard
Pompidou
Renzo Piano
Millenium Dome Lloyd’s Building
Richard Roger Madrid-Barajas Airport
Auditorio de Tenerife Turning Torso
Santiago Calatrava
Satolas TGV Station, Lyon City of Arts and Sciences, Valencia
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History of Architecture Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO
Roman Architecture (509 BC - 400 AD)

• Centred on Rome and spread to the whole of the European continent, northern parts of Africa &
West Asia.
• The ancient Roman style is said to be a reproductive form of the Greek and Etruscan architecture.
• Before Concrete, the Romans utilized a volcanic stone native to Italy called tufa to construct their
buildings. Although tufa never went out of use, travertine began to be utilized in the late 2nd century
B.C.E because it was more durable.
• Roman concrete (opus caementicium), was developed early in the 2nd century BCE in which the
mortar was a combination of sand, lime and water in proper proportions. The major contribution
the Romans made to the mortar recipe was the introduction of volcanic Italian sand (also known as
“pozzolana”).
• Although the Romans have borrowed much of the Greek style, they have used their own knowledge
in construction to improve the arch and vault for the architectural.
Arches were used not just for their immense support capabilities but also for their power to amaze and
glorify. The extension of the arch idea lead to the development of domes, vaults and aqueducts.
Aerial View of the City of Pompeii
Map of the Forum of Pompeii
Aerial View of the Forum of Pompeii

Roman Cities
Roman cities were typically focused on the forum (a large open plaza, surrounded by important buildings),
which was the civic, religious and economic heart of the city. It was in the city’s forum that major temples
were located, as well as other important shrines, basilica (a law court), and other official meeting places
for the town council, such as a curia building. Surrounding the forum, lining the city’s streets, framing
gateways, and marking crossings stood the connective architecture of the city: the porticoes, colonnades,
arches and fountains that beautified a Roman city and welcomed weary travelers to town. Pompeii, Italy
is an excellent example of a city with a well preserved forum.
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Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO History of Architecture
Romanesque Architecture (800 AD - 1100 AD)

• Major regions of Romanesque influence in Europe- France, Italy, Germany, England and Spain.
• Romanesque architecture is characterized by round arches and vaults and by the substitution of
piers for columns.
• A fusion of Roman, Carolingian and Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic traditions, it was a
product of the great expansion of monasticism in the 10th–11th century.
• It is the first style that can be found all over Europe, even when regional differences. The expansion
of the style was linked to the pilgrimages, mainly to Santiago.
• Romanesque churches characteristically incorporated semicircular arches for windows, doors, and
arcades; barrel or groin vaults to support the roof of the nave; massive piers and walls, with few
windows, to contain the outward thrust of the vaults; side aisles with galleries above them; a large
tower over the crossing of nave and transept; and smaller towers at the church’s western end.
• The interiors of Romanesque churches were usually covered with brightly-coloured sculptures,
carvings, and paintings, depicting scenes from the Bible.
• The move from wooden to stone buildings was also a characteristic of the period in which
Romanesque architecture developed.
Santiago de Compostela Cathedral Duomo Cathedral
Pisa Cathedral Leaning Tower of Pisa
Ely Cathedral
Bodiam Castle, England
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Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO Basics of Building Materials
4. Brick
A brick is building material used to make walls,
pavements and other elements in masonry
construction. A brick can be composed of clay-bearing
soil, sand and lime, or concrete materials. Bricks are
produced in numerous classes, types, materials, and
sizes which vary with region and time period, and are
produced in bulk quantities. Two basic categories of
bricks are fired and non-fired bricks.
Sizes of Brick
Standard Size: 190 X 90 X 90 mm (7.5” X 3.5” X
3.5”) and 230 X 110 X 76 mm (9” X 4.5” 2- 3/4”)
Colors of Brick
The fired color of tired clay bricks is influenced by the chemical and mineral content of the raw
materials, the firing temperature, and the atmosphere in the kiln. For example, pink colored bricks
are the result of a high iron content, white or yellow bricks have a higher lime content. Most bricks
burn to various red hues; as the temperature is increased the color moves through dark red, purple
and then to brown or Grey at around 1,300 °C (2,372 °F).
Texture
Rough and Porous
Properties of Good quality of bricks

• Color- The color of good brick should be uniform. It may deep red, cherry or copper colored.
• Shape- Bricks should be uniform in shape with sharp straight right angled edges.
• Size- Size of the bricks should be standard as prescribed by Indian standards. [19cm x 9cm x 9cm]
• Soundness- A good brick should give metallic ringing sound when struck with another brick.’
• Hardness- A good brick should be sufficiently hard which can be tested by a finger nail. No mark
should be left on the surface of the brick when scratched with thumb-nail.
• Water absorption- First class brick should not absorb water more than 20% of its dry weight when
soaked in water for 24hrs.
• Structure- A good brick should show fine, compact and uniform structure in broken form.
• Thermal conductivity & Fire resistance- It should have thermal conductivity.
• Strength- Bricks should not break when dripped on hard ground from a height of about 1m.
• Durability- A good brick should be able to resist the effects of weathering agencies like
temperature, rain, etc.
Types of Bricks
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Basics of Building Materials Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO
Types of Brick Bond

• English Bond
• Flemish Bond
• Common Bond
• Block and stack bond
• Herringbone bond
• Running bond
• Rat-trap bond
• English Cross or Dutch bond
• Garden wall bond
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1 3 5
Basics of 2D Composition Free-hand
Sketching Drawing
The chapter introduces the The part introduces
basics of sketching and to principles of a two
the primary elements of dimensional composition
form like point, line, shape, of shapes and profiles
plane, volume, etc. along with sample solved
NATA questions
2 4 6
Composition of Logo Design Perspective
Form Drawing
The section introduces The section introduces to The section introduces
to types of form the basics and the types to types of Perspective
composition and of Logo Design and Color drawing like one point,
sciagraphy along theory along with sample two point and three
with making of a 3D solved drawings related point. Further, showing
composition of objects to NATA sample solved drawings
and sample solved related to NATA
drawings related to NATA

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Primary Elements of Form

The primary elements of form in the order of their growth from the point to a one-dimensional line,
from the line to a two- dimensional plane, and from the plane to a three-dimensional volume. Each
element is first considered as a conceptual element, then as a visual element in the vocabulary of
architectural design. As conceptual elements, the point, line, plane, and volume are not visible except to
the mind’s eye. When made visible to the eye on paper or in three-dimensional space, these elements
become form with characteristics of substance, shape, size, color, and texture. As we experience these
forms in our environment, we should be able to perceive in their structure the existence of the primary
elements of point, line, plane, and volume.
As the prime generator
of form, the:
Point indicates position

in space.
A point extended
becomes a,
Line with properties of:
• Length
• Direction
• Position
A line extended
becomes a,
Plane with properties
of:
• Length and width
• Space
• Surface
• Orientation
• Position
A plane extended
becomes a,
Volume with
properties of:
• Length, width and
depth
• Form and Space
• Surface
• Orientation
• Position
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Point
A point marks a position in space. Conceptually,
it has no length, width, or depth, and is therefore
static, centralized, and direction-less.
As the prime element in the vocabulary of form, a
point can serve to mark:
• The two ends of a line
• The intersection of two lines
• The meeting of lines at the corner of a plane
or volume
• The center of a field
Although a point theoretically has neither shape
nor form, it begins to make its presence felt
when placed within a visual field. At the center
of its environment, a point is stable and at rest,
organizing surrounding elements about itself and
dominating its field.
When the point is moved off-center, however,
its field becomes more aggressive and begins to
compete for visual supremacy. Visual tension is
created between the point and its field.
Line
Two points further suggest an axis perpendicular
to the line they describe and about which they
are symmetrical. Because this axis may be infinite
in length, it can be at times more dominant than
the described line.
In both cases, however, the described line and the
perpendicular axis are optically more dominant
than the infinite number of lines that may pass
through each of the individual points.
Making Gradated
Parallel Lines
Start with a line. Make it either very
light or very dark. Make each stroke
lighter or darker than the previous
stroke (depending on where you
started) and make each new stroke
parallel to the previous strokes. See
how much gradation you can create
just with lines.
Further, you can use different grades
of Pencils like 2H, H, HB, B, 2B, 4B, 6B
8B etc to check the compatibility of
your hand with a particular grade.
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Drawing 3D Shapes
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Subtractive Transformation
A form can be transformed by subtracting a portion
of its volume. Depending on the extent of the
subtractive process, the form can retain its initial
identity or be transformed into a form of another
family. For example, a cube can retain its identity as
a cube even though a portion of it is removed, or be
transformed into a series of regular polyhedrons that
begin to approximate a sphere.
Some Examples of Subtractive Geometry
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Drawing Letters and Numbers in 3D
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Sciagraphy
A method of casting Shadows. It is basically the use of shading and the projection of shadows to show
perspective in architectural or technical drawing.
Concept of casting of
shadow
Shadow casted by a cube,

when light (parallel rays) is
coming from Sun
Shadow casted by a cube,

when light is coming from a
point source like a Bulb.
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The Unity of Opposites

Our visual field normally consists of elements that differ in shape, size, color, or orientation. To better
understand the structure of a visual field, we tend to organize its elements into two opposing groups:
positive elements, which are perceived as figures and negative elements, which provide a background for
the figures.
Our perception and understanding of
a composition depends on how we
interpret the visual interaction between
the positive and negative elements
within its field. Consequently, we are
able to perceive their organization into
words, sentences, and paragraphs. In
the diagrams to the left, the letter ‘a’
is seen as a figure not only because we
recognize it as a letter in our alphabet
but also because its profile is distinct,
its value contrasts with that of its
background, and its placement isolates
it from its context. As it grows in size
relative to its field, however, other
elements within and around it begin to
compete for our attention as figures. At
times, the relationship between figures
and their background is so ambiguous
that we visually switch their identities
back and forth almost simultaneously.
Types of Composition
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56
Drawing an interior of a room in One-point Perspective
Front wall with eye level Vanishing point where observer’s Draw lines of wall planes, passing
eye-level and position intersect through the vanishing point
Marking tiles grid on the floor Marking lines of lintel level and Draw the lintel and sill lines,
plane at equal distance sill level which pass through the vanishing
point
One-point Perspective Interior View- Suppose you are giving an HSC examination in an examination
hall. There is a supervisor examining the examination hall. Depict the scene using pencil only.
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Two-point Perspective
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Process of making two-point Perspective
Draw the height of wall corner Draw reference lines for the tile grid, which
passes through the vanishing points
Mark the eye-level and the two vanishing Draw the tile grid along with it mark the
points lintel and sill level for the wall plane
Draw the two wall planes, with edges Draw the door and windows of the wall
passing through the vanishing points plane
Mark the tile grid
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Copyright 2014 PRECEPT DESIGN STUDIO

page- 01 page- 13 page- 26

page- 07 page- 23 page- 28

page- 43 page- 72 page- 96

page- 61 page- 85 page- 99

Left Side Elevation

3-D Object Right Side Elevation

3-D Object Left Side Elevation Right Side Elevation

3-D Object Right Side Elevation Left Side Elevation

9. Attic 13. Brackets

City Hall, London

Park Guell Palacio Casa

Frank Ghery Guggenheim Museum, Waly Disney Concert Hall

Vitra Design Museum Dancing House

Harvard Arts Museum The Shard

Millenium Dome Lloyd’s Building

Richard Roger Madrid-Barajas Airport

Auditorio de Tenerife Turning Torso

Roman Architecture (509 BC - 400 AD)

Aerial View of the City of Pompeii

Map of the Forum of Pompeii

Aerial View of the Forum of Pompeii

Romanesque Architecture (800 AD - 1100 AD)

Pisa Cathedral Leaning Tower of Pisa

Bodiam Castle, England

Properties of Good quality of bricks

Types of Brick Bond

page- 01 page- 21 page- 36

page- 11 page- 24 page- 54

Primary Elements of Form

Point indicates position

Some Examples of Subtractive Geometry

Drawing Letters and Numbers in 3D

Shadow casted by a cube,

Shadow casted by a cube,

The Unity of Opposites

Drawing an interior of a room in One-point Perspective

Process of making two-point Perspective

Mark the tile grid

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