Toa reviewer CHURCH OF LIGHT - What is the famous church

Quizizz link: located in Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan which is

https://quizizz.com/join/quiz/65c301ef395e021 designed by Tadao Ando?
4e20d1e26/start?studentShare=true

Contrast - It is a comparison showing WORLD TRADE CENTER TRANSPORTATION

differences, the opposite of similarity HUB BY SANTIAGO CALATRAVA -
Balance - Most elementary means of organizing
forms and spaces in architecture
Centralized - Characterized by an arrangement
where all the part radiate from a center like the
spikes on a wheel
Balance - It means equality
Scale - It gives a feeling of grandeur, dignity, and
monumentality
Rhythm - When lines, planes, and surface
treatments are repeated in a regular sequence
Proportion - It is evident by a comparison which
the eye makes between the size, shape, and
tone of a various object or part of a competition
Anthropometric proportion - These systems are GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM - Bilbao, Spain is
based on the dimension and proportion of the designed by a Canadian-American architect
human body known for his post-modern design. What is this
Human scale - The size of a building element or museum called?
space relative to the dimensions and proportion
of human body.
Architecture - The art and science of building
design and construction
Form - That which the eye identifies, the mind
perceives and interprets
Linear form - A series of form arranged in
sequence in a row
Subtracting transformation - Subtracting a
portion of a forms volume to create another
Radial form - A composition of linear forms PATINA TEXTURE - An aged appearance caused
extending outward from a central form in a by environmental factors, either acquired
radial manner naturally or artificially induced
Dimensional transformation - One or more
dimensions are altered but will retain its
identity
Articulation of form - This refers to the manner
in which the surface of a form come together to
define its shape and volume
LIGHT - Complete the phrase by Le Corbusier:
“Architecture is the masterly, correct and
magnificent play of masses brought together in
_____.”
COLOR - This is a property possessed by an
object of producing different sensations on the
eye as a result of the way the object reflects or COLOR - An element of art that is produced
emits light when light, striking an object, is reflected back
NIGHT AND DAY - In the poem of the right angle to the eye.
(Le poeme de l'angle droit), what is referred to ARISTOTLE - A greek philosopher who authored
as the two phases that rule our destiny? (Hint: the earliest documented theory of color.
_____ AND ___) (Hint: He suggested all colors came from white
and black)
CHROMA - It is the quality that distinguishes a which surrounds an area, and which is
strong color from a weak one. recognized as representing an object is quickly
(Hint: Also called Intensity, 6-letter word) picked out by the observer, and it then seems to
CIRCLE - The concept of the color wheel was him to stand out from the background in an
invented when Sir Isaac Newton obvious manner.
bent the color spectrum into a ______. (Hint: a (Hint: 12-letter word, ends with D)
shape)
TETRADIC - In the color wheel, T__R__I_ uses
two complementary color pair.
Proportions of colors must be chosen carefully
to maintain balance.
SUNNY - In Color Psychology, Pastel yellow gives
the impression of ______.

6 - PERCEPTION OF SHAPES
Counting the number of bars using the squares
at the front, you'll find that there are 8 bars in
total. Counting from the end of the bars, you'll
get 7. According to the puzzle's creators, how
many complete bars are actually there in the
LUMINOUS DENSITY - This is what the eyes figure?
receive when light is reflected from a surface
(floors, walls, furniture).
(If the differences between the L_______
______Y within view are too great,
the iris muscle is strained due to constant
adjustment, thus causing eye fatigue)

40-60% - In a 3-1 light reflection ratio within a

space, this suggests that floors should reflect
about 20% of light, while furniture 25-40%, and
walls reflect what percentage?
(Hint: range; please type answer as xx-yy% ) Space within a Space - In Organization of Form
and Spaces, this is a space that may be
SPATIAL SHORTENING - When we apply certain contained within the volume of a larger space
colors on the different surfaces,we get different
visual effects. For example, if we apply color to
the central wall of space,
the idea of a certain "S_A____ _______I_G" is
created.

Spaces linked by a Common Space - In

Organization of Form and Spaces, this is a space
that may be contained within the volume of a
larger space

FIGUREGROUND - A phenomenon wherein

drawings consisting of black lines, any line

REPETITION - A linear pattern of redundant
elements. Elements need not be perfectly
identical, however, to be grouped in a repetitive
fashion.
UNIFIED WHOLE - The Gestalt Principles are a
set of laws arising from 1920s’ psychology,
describing how humans typically see objects by
grouping similar elements, recognizing patterns
and simplifying complex images.
"Gestalt" is German word for "_______ _____".
Massing - A unified composition of two-
dimensional shapes, or three-dimensional
volumes, especially one that has, or gives the
impression, of weight, density, and bulk.
Chimney Effect (Stack Effect) - The tendency of
air or gas in a shaft or other vertical space to
rise when heated, creating a draft that draws in
cooler air/gas from below.
Dimensional Transformation - A form can be
transformed by altering one or more of its
dimensions and still retain its family identity.
What type of transformation is this?
Hierarchy - The articulation of the importance
or significance of a form or space by its size,
shape, or placement relative to the other forms
and spaces of the organization.
Five Points of Architecture - It is an
architectural manifesto by the Swiss-French
architect. A set of principles for modern
buildings.
Golden Section - The division of a line so that
the whole is the greater part as that part is the
smaller part. For example, 1:1/2, a proportion
which is considered to be particularly pleasing
to the eye.
Analogous Color Scheme - It uses colors that
are adjacent to each other on the color wheel.
One color is used as a dominant color while
others are used to enrich the scheme.
2nd Book - In Four Books of Architecture, which
book discusses the private townhouses and
country estates?
Articulation - This refers to the manner in which
the surfaces of a form come together to define
its shape and volume. It clearly reveals the
precise nature of its parts and their relationship
to each other and to the whole.
Free Façade - It is a consequence of concrete
frame construction. Because walls were then
deprived of their constructional role, their
design became free as well.
Unaccented Rhythm - If equally spaced
windows are introduced on the unbroken wall,
then regular repetition is present, what do you
call this type of rhythm?
The Modulor - In 1942, Le Corbusier began his
study and published "__________" - a
Harmonious Measure to the human scale
universally applicable to architecture and
mechanics.
Grey - A color that feels flat and lifeless, yet it
provides enormous support to the other hues.
Competition - When elements compete with
each other for place of importance, there is a
__________. This causes 'duality' or the
presence of two strong conflicting personalities
or masses resulting in discord and redundancy.
Grid Form - What type of form composition is
present in the Nakagin Capsule Tower by Kisho
Kurokawa.
Personal Character - In architecture, this type of
character bears a certain relation to the same
attribute of an individual. It is found that the
element of personality plays an important part
in the revealing character of both with man and
with architecture.
Visual Inertia - The degree of concentration and
stability of a form. It depends on its geometry as
well as its orientation relative to the ground
plane and our line of sight.
Platonic Solids - The primary shapes can be
extended or rotated to generate volumes whose
forms are distinct, regular, and easily
recognizable. These forms are referred to as the
__________.
Centralized Organization - What type of spatial
organization is shown in the Villa Capra (The
Rotunda) at Vicenza, Italy, by Andrea Palladio?
Personal Character - It bears a certain relation
to the same attribute to the life of an individual.
Texture - Refers to the quality of surface
treatment associated with materials.
Additive Color - A color produced by combining
lights of red, yellow, and blue wavelengths.
These lights or additive primaries contain all the
wavelengths necessary to produce a colorless or
white light.
Yellow - This color is relatively long and
stimulating. It is considered as the strongest
color psychological as it perceives optimism,
confidence, extraversion, emotional strength,
friendliness, and creativity.
Frei Paul Otto - A Pritzker Prize awardee 2015,
German architect and structural engineer,
noted for his use of lightweight structures, in
particular tensile and membrane structures,
including the roof of the Olympic Stadium in
Munich for the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Alvar Aalto - "Form is the mystery that defies
description, but brings people pleasure", whose
dictum is this?
Tadao Ando - In all of his works, light is an
important controlling factor. His use of concrete
is impeccable, leaving its natural color and
texture, and almost became his trademark
design.
Euclidean Space - In geometry, a two- or three-
dimensional space in which the axioms and
postulates of Euclidean geometry applies.
Core Culture - A model developed in Germany
by Bassam Tibi, where the idea is that minorities
can have an identity of their own but they
should at least support the core concepts of the
culture on which the society is based.
Tangible Diffusion - Direct borrowing from one
culture to another.
Ergonomics - An applied science concerned with
the characteristics of people that needs to be
considered in the design of devices and
systems, in order that people and things will
interact effectively and safely.
Plane - A primary element of form that has the
properties of length, width, shape, surface,
orientation, and position.
Functional Character - A type of character that
results directly from the purpose of use of the
building.
Beton Brut - Concrete textured by leaving the
impression of the form in which it was modeled.
Face-to-face Contact - This type of relationship
requires that the two forms have corresponding
planar surfaces which are parallel to each other.
Adjacent Spaces - It is the most common type
of spatial relationship. It allows each space to be
clearly defined and to respond, each in its own
way, to specific functional or symbolic
requirements. It can be defined with a row of
columns, walls, or free-standing planes.
Human Scale - The size or proportion of a
building element or space, or an article of
furniture, related to the structural or functional
dimensions of the human body.
Saturation - One of the three dimensions of
colors. It is the purity or vividness of a hue, also
called as intensity.
Northeast Monsoon - What is "amihan"?
Chroma - The degree by which a color differs
from a gray of the same lightness or brightness,
corresponding to saturation of the perceived
color.
Perceptual - It refers to sensory perception and
recognition of the physical elements by
experiencing them sequentially in time;
Conceptual - It is the comprehension of the
ordered or disordered relationships among the
building’s elements and systems, and
responding to the meaning they evoke.
Dimension - Context is composed completely of
the following parameters except?
spatial system - The three dimensional
integration of program elements and spaces
accommodating the multiple function and
relationships is called
Point - A _______ marks a position in space
having no length, width or depth, therefore it is
considered static.
Plane - A line extended in a direction other than
its intrinsic direction becomes a ________. It
has length and width but no depth.
interlocking volumes - A type of relationship
wherein the forms interpenetrate each other’s
space and the forms do not need to share any
visual traits,
House at Stablo, Switzerland - ar. Mario Botta

Shape - ________ is the primary identifying

characteristic of a plane, which is determined by
the contour of the line forming its edges.

Dolmen - It refers to prehistoric monument House of Mrs. Venturi, Chestnut Hill -

consisting of two or more large upright stones
supporting a horizontal stone slab, found
especially in Britain and France.

Machu Picchu - An ancient Incan city establishes

c. 1500 in the Andes Mountain, 8,000 ft on a
saddle between two peaks in south central
Peru.

Size - The physical dimension of length, width

and depth of a form is called,

Texture - The visual and tactile quality given to Cuadra San Cristobal, Mexico 1968 - ar. Luis
a surface by the size, arrangement and barragan
proportions of the parts is called,

Position - The location of a form relative to its

environment or the visual field within which it is
seem is called,

visual inertia - The degree of concentration and

stability of a form is called,

Triangle - A plane figure bounded by three sides

and having three angles is called,

Cylinder - A solid generated by the revolution of

a rectangle about one of its sides is called,
Glass House,new canaan, Connecticut (1949) -
additive transformation - A form can be philip johnson
transformed by the addition of elements to its
volume,

dimensional transformation - A form can be

transformed by altering one or more of its
dimensions and still retain its identity as a
member of a family of forms,

spatial tension - A type of relationship relies on

the close proximity of the forms or their sharing
of a common visual trait such as shape, color or House of Mrs. Venturi, Chestnut Hill - ar.
material, Robert Venturi
 German Pavilion, montreal exposition (1966-
67) - Rolf Gutbrod & Frei Otto

Notre Dame du Haut, roncha mp, france , Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
(1950-55) - Le Corbusier (2012) - Dar Al Handasah Architects

History Faculty Building, cambridge university,

england (1964-67) - james sterling Taipei 101, Taiwan (2004) - C.Y. Lee & Partners

One World Trade Center New York (2014) -

Cultural Center, Wolfsburg, german (1948-62) - David Childs/ Daniel Libeskind
alvar aalto
 Unite D' Habitation, Merseilles, France - The
principal work of Le Corbusier that exemplified
the use of the Modulor was the
_______________, where it uses 15 measures
of the Modulor to bring the human scale to a
building;

Torres Siamesas, Santiago, Chile (2003) -

Alejandro Aravena

Shanghai World Financial Center, China (2008)

- Kohn Pedersen Fox

Context is composed completely of the

following parameters?
function
space
form
technics

Burj Khalifa, Dubai, UAE (2010) - Adrian Smith

at SOM Yoyogi National Stadium, Tokyo, Japan (1964) -
Kenzo Tange

Euclid- According to ____________, a ratio

refers to the quantitative comparison between
two similar things.
Torre Agbar, Barcelona, Spain (2004) - Jean
Nouvel
Golden Section - It is defined as the ratio
between two sections of a line, or the two
sections of the plane figure, in which the lesser
of the two is to the greater as the greater is to
the sum of both;

Vitruvius - _____________, in the time of

Augustus, studied actual samples of the
Classical Orders and presented the ideal
proportions in a treatise “The Ten Books on
Architecture”
 CIRCULATION SPACES - Space within an
enclosure or an area where an occupant can
move freely without obstructions.

TRAFFIC FLOW - It is the study of the movement

of individuals between two points and the
interactions they make with one another.

Shortest Distance - The most economical

distance, requiring the least amount of energy
and fuel and as a consequence, the most
efficient.

KINESTHETIC SPACE - It is an important factor in

day-to-day living in the buildings that architects
and designers create. Comparing two rooms,
sociopetal space - A space that tends to bring
identical in shape and area, the one that
people together;
permits the greater variety of free movement
will usually be experienced as larger.
Chroma - It refers to the degree by which color
differs from a gray of the same lightness or
BEHAVIORAL STRESS - A change from a person's
brightness;
normal behavior in response to a stressor.
KINESTHESIA - The word "Kinesthetic" comes
STRESS - ___ is any disturbance that imbalances
from the noun "___" which means the sensory
the internal environment of an organism.
perception of movement.
(Walter Cannon, n.d.)
KINESTHETIC - It is related to a person's
What are the 3 types of stress mentioned in
awareness of the position and movement of the
Theory of Architecture Module 3B?
parts of the body by means of sensory organs
Positive Stress
(proprioceptors) in the muscles and joints.
Tolerable Stress
Toxic Stress
KINESTHETIC EXPERIENCE - It is the sensation
associated with movement. Or the moving body
Tolerable Stress - It refers to stress response
"interacts" dynamically with architecture.
that have the potential to negatively affect the
architecture of the developing brain but
PROPRIOCEPTIVE - ___ Senses are senses which
generally occur over limited time periods that
perceive the body's own movement and inform
allow for the developing brain to recover and
the individual of their position and the position
thereby reverse potentially harmful effects.
of their limbs, in space.
Toxic Stress - It refers to strong frequent, or
prolonged use of the body's stress management
The 2 Proprioceptive Senses Systems
system.
Vestibular System
Kinesthetic System
Positive Stress - It refers to moderate, short-
lived stress responses such as brief increases in
Vestibular System - In the ear, which is mainly
heart rate or mild changes in the body's stress
concerned with maintaining the body's posture
hormone levels.
and equilibrium.
What are the 2 types of stressors?
Kinesthetic System - It consists of sensors in the
Biotic Stressor
muscles, tendons, and joints that indicate the
Abiotic Stressor
relative position and movements of the limbs
and of different parts of the body.
Biotic Stressor - They are living things related
complications that causes stress such as
Circulation - It is the movement through space.
dominance, pollution, infection, social pressure,
and competition.

Abiotic Stressor - These are any ecological,
geological, or climate changes that causes stress
to a person, such as increased temperatures,
and natural disasters.
Theory/Theories - It is a supposition or a system
of beliefs and ideas intended to explain
something (fact, event or opinion).
Plausible or Scientifically Acceptable and even
an unproven assumption. - In defining
Theories/ a Theory, it must be based on the
different branches of studies like: math, science,
education, arts and etc. Hence it must also be
________ and _________.
Chief and Builder - The word Architecture came
from the Latin word: Arkhitekton. Arkhi means
_______ and tekton means _______.
Designing - Architecture is the Art and Sciences
of ___________ buildings and other physical
structures.
Designing and Aesthetic Effects - Architecture is
also a profession associated with art and
techniques of ___________ and building with
things associated with construction with regards
of the buildings ____________.
Reasoning - The Theory of Architecture came
from the Latin word “Ratiocinatio” which
means?
Vitrovius - It is the Roman Architect-Engineer of
the 1st Century CE who used the Theory of
Architecture.
These are the three main Influence of
Architecture.
General, Nature, and Man
These are the three sub-parts found on the
General Influence of Architecture.
Physical Needs, Emotional Needs, and
Intellectual Needs.
Preservation - It is one of the desires found in
the Activities of Man in which focuses solely in
Surviving.
Response - It is also one of the desires found in
the Activities of Man but this desire focuses on
taking action or response in any situation given.
Self Expression - It is kind of the same with
response but adding a bit of a personal touch to
it.
Recognition - It is the belief of being recognized
with power, they can consider themselves at
the top of the world.
Man-made disasters - Below are the Elements
of Nature that Influenced Architectural Designs
except for one.
These are the elements that needs to be
considered in designing.
Plans
Sustainability
Protective Elements
Structural Elements
Materials.
Social Conditions - The influence of man in
which a person wants to show off his/her
power, richness, influences and etc.
Interests - The Influence of Man in which is
caught up between his/her personal activities
and interests.
RA 9266 - It is the Architecture Act of 2004 or
also known as?
Who is an Architect
- Professionally and Academically qualified
- With ID’s Issued by the Government
- Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
issued by the Professional Regulatory Board of
Architecture (PRBOA)
The Qualifications of an Architect
- 5 years Bachelors Degree
- 2 years of diversified training or
apprenticeship
- Board Exam passer with 70% passing rate
The Other Qualifications of an Architect
- Took up Review and Refresher Courses with
pre-board examinations
- Registered and License Architect (RPA)
- Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
points before renewal of license (at least 45
points, exempted if taking up master’s degree)
An Architect must be responsible for the
- Design Development
- Architectural Drawings
 - A fair and sustainable development, welfare,
and cultural expression of society’s habitat in
terms of shape, forms and cultural context to
it.
Industrial Buildings - These are the designs that
an Architect can do except for
Structural System - In human building-analogies
the skeletal system is referred as the
Digestive System - In the human-building
analogies the Sanitary System is referred as the
Electrical - In the human-building analogies it is
considered to be the Circulatory System of the
body/house
Respiratory System - In the human-building
analogies, the mechanical system is referred to
as the
Linear Organization - In The Architectural
systems, especially in the organizations. It is a
linear type of organization wherein it is not
centralized but has a linear sequence of
repetitive spaces.
Centralized Organization - It is the organization
of secondary forms towards the dominant
(central area)
Radial Organization - It is the organization of
clustered forms away from the centralized area,
or extended in a radial manner
Grid Organization - It is the organization of any
kinds of forms with spaces organized within the
field of a structural grid (usually appears to be in
3d)
Cluster/ed Organization - The spaces within this
group of organization appears to be a proximity
or clustered together to show the common
visual traits within its relationship
Hierarchy - It is the Articulation of the
Importance and Significance of a form or space,
it’s shape, element, placement to the other
forms and spaces of the organization.
Hierarchy by Size - This may show some
dominance on a Architectural composition by
being different in terms of size.
Hierarchy by Placement - It is made to be
strategically placed to call attention to itself as
the most important element in the composition.
(May include formal image, and spatial
definition, the qualities of the shape, color,
texture, scale and proportions)
Approach and Entry - It is the entrance of the
area, building, structures, or sites (they are
classified up to 3 approaches: the frontal,
oblique, and spiral approach)
Frontal Approach - It is the kind of Approach
wherein it directly leads to the entrance.
Oblique Approach - It is the kind of approach
wherein it has extreme angles, it usually
prolongs the sequence of approaching the
Entry.
Spiral Approach - It is the kind of approach
wherein it usually emphasizes the
3d-likeness/of the form of the building.
By means of Technology - It is the means of
using a structure and enclosure for the
Environmental Protection and comforts, also for
the improvement of one’s health, stability and
welfare.
By means of Accommodating a Program - It is
the means of user requirements, needs, and
aspirations, socio cultural, economic factors,
legal restraints, and the historical traditions and
precedents.
Compatible with its Context - The means of site
and environment, climate, geography, and
cultural characteristics of the area.
These are the three types of Architectural Orders
Physical
Perceptual
Conceptual
Space - It is the physical order in Architecture in
which is responsible for the objects to circulate
and has movement in it. (Usually involves:
Bedroom, Garage, Living Room, Kitchen, Dining,
and Toilet)
Enclosure - This is the element that envelopes
the house to form a measurable places [walls
(exterior and interior), flooring, and Ceiling]
Machines - It is the interior elements that use
and runs the internal organs of the house
(usually attachable and movable) (sinks,
lavatory, water closet, cabinets, bed, sofa, table,
and chairs, lightings and telecommunications)

Structure - It is the elements that supports the
building/house itself. (Posts, columns, retaining
walls, floor stabs, trusses, and footing
foundation)
Perceptual Order - This is the sensory
perception and recognition of physical elements
(approach and departure, entry and egress,
movement through order of spaces, functions
and activities within the spaces and the proper
execution of Light, color, texture, view, and
sound)
Conceptual Order - The Comprehension of the
ordered and disordered relationships among
building elements and systems. (Usually
includes Images, Patterns, Signs, and Context)
Elements and Designs - The __________ of
_____________ are the fundamental parts or
aspects used to compose any work of design
Point - It indicated a position in a plane surface,
this creates shapes, form, and value but has no
length, width, or depth.
Line - The ________ is a long narrow mark or
band, indicates lengths, direction, and position
in one dimension, (Vertical and Horizontal,
forms 3d-ness, expresses amount (connection ),
and supports for an overhead plane)
Plane - A flat surface on which a straight line
jointing any two points. (Indicated length,
width, shape, surface orientation making it look
like a 2D)
Volume - It is the amount of space that a
substance occupies in an object, making it look
like a 3D. (Also indicates length, form shape,
surface orientation and position)
Shape - It is one of the Properties of form
wherein it is the outward form of an object
defined by outline. in architecture it is defined
as a two dimensional area confined by an actual
line or implied line. It is the characteristic
outline or surface configuration of a particular
form. Shape is the principal aspect by which we
identify and categorize forms.
Size - It is one of the Properties of form wherein
it is the relative extent of something; a thing's
overall dimension or magnitude but in
architecture size is the physical dimensions of
length, width, and depth of a form. While these
dimensions determine the proportions of a
form, its scale is determined by the size relative
to other forms in its context.
Color - It is the property processed by an object
of producing different sensations on the eye as
a result of the way object reflects or emits light.
It can be described by individual's perception of
hue, saturation, and tonal value.
Texture - This is the visual and especially tactile
quality given to a surface by the size, shape,
arrangement, and proportions of the parts. It
also determines the degree to which surfaces of
a form reflect or absorb incident light.
Position - It is the location of a form relative to
its environment or the visual field within which
it is seen.
Orientation - This is the the direction of a form
relative to the ground plane the, compass pass
points,other forms,or to the person viewing the
form.
Visual Inertia - It is the degree of concentration
and stability of a form depends on its geometry
as well as its orientation relative to the ground
plane, the pull of gravity, and our line of sight.
Form - __________ is the primary elements in
architecture for it refers to the shape or
configuration of a building.
Organic Form - This refers to designing and
building structures and spaces that are balanced
with their natural surroundings and tailored to
the function they serve for their inhabitants.
organically designed structures seem to blend in
with the landscape or rise from it as if the
surrounding spaces gave birth to them. (e.g
Falling Water of Architect Frank Lloyd Wright)
Geometric Form - These are are forms that can
be constructed using geometry, such as squares,
rectangles, circles, cones, cubes, and many
more.. these forms are commonly found in
architecture and engineering.
Abstract - It is a technique used by artist during
the late century to bring out the aesthetics of
the subject it is the process of taking away or
removing characteristics from something in
order to reduce it to a different type of
character. In Architecture, abstract, is a type of
design explored by many modernist, a mixture
of form that embodies the transformation of
something different and new. This can be
aligned to brutalism, modernism,
deconstructivism, and expressionist
architecture.

These are the Transformation of Forms

- Additive / Addition
- Subtraction / Subtractive
- Dimension / Dimenstional

Dimension / Dimensional - These are forms

that can be transformed by altering one or
more of its dimensions and still retain as a
member of a family of form. ex. a cube can be
transformed into similar prismatic forms
through distinct changes in height, width or
length., it can be compress into a planar form or
stretched out into linear form.

Additive / Addition - A form can be

transformed by the addition of elements to its
original volume

Subtraction / Subtractive - a transformation of

by subtracting a portion of its volume.
Depending on the extent of the subtracting
process, the form can be retain its initial identity
or be transformed into a form of another. (This
form retains the exterior form and taken the
portion interior out)

Arrange by Order a shown on the picture.