GRAMMAR

CONDITIONALS &
WISHES
A presentation by Azat Karbozov
TODAY'S OUTLINE
Structure

Conditionals 0, 1, and 2

Practice Exercises

Conditionals 3 and Mixed

Practice Exercises

Wishes

Practice Exercises

Quiz via Kahoot

Assignment #10
BY AZAT KARBOZOV
STRUCTURES

BY AZAT KARBOZOV
 CONDITIONALS 0,1,2, AND 3

If + present simple, present simple. no time

If + present simple, future simple. future } real

conditionals

If + past simple, would + V1 present

If + past perfect, would have + V3/ed past } unreal

conditionals

BY AZAT KARBOZOV
 MIXED CONDITIONALS

If + past simple, would + V1

If + past perfect, would have + V3/ed

If + past perfect, would have + V3/ed

BY AZAT KARBOZOV
 MIXED CONDITIONALS

If + past simple, would + V1

If + past simple, would have + V3/ed

If + past simple, would + V1

BY AZAT KARBOZOV
 UNLESS

UNLESS = IF + NOT

If it doesn't rain, we'll go out for a walk.

Unless it rains, we'll go out for a walk.

BY AZAT KARBOZOV
EXAMPLE
a) If we'd / we're late for class, our teacher will be / was angry.
b) If we would live / lived on another planet, we'll see / we'd see the Earth in
the sky.
c) If we take / will take a taxi, we arrived / we'll arrive sooner.
d) If we won't/don't hurry, we'll be / we'd be late.
e) If we were/are birds, we would/are able to fly.
f) If you don't/wouldn't wear your pullover, you'll feel / felt cold.
g) If I studied/study harder, I get / will get better marks.
h) If I have/had a motorbike, I rode / I'd ride it to school.
i) If you will lend / lend me your bike, I'll / I would let you borrow my
skateboard.
j) If I had/have lots of money, I gave / I'd give some to all my friends.
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CONDITIONALS 0, 1, AND 2
roles in sentences

BY AZAT KARBOZOV
 ZERO CONDITIONAL

describes things that are always or generally true

If you drop a glass, it breaks.

if can be replaced with when

It's a tropical country, and if it rains hard, everyone stays indoors.
It's a tropical country, and when it rains hard, everyone stays indoors.

the main part can be replaced with imperative mood

If you feel dizzy, stop taking the pills.
If you change your mind, give me a ring.

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 FIRST CONDITIONAL

real possibility ==> choice

If we walk slowly, we'll be late.
If we walk fast, we won't be late.

it doesn't have to happen

If you go to Almaty, you might/can see Shymbulak.

unlikely to happen, but theoretically possible

the main part can be replaced with imperative mood
If you happen to see Alan, ask him to call me.

suggestions
Shall we go out tomorrow if the weather is good?

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possibility
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
(No idea whether it rains or not)
Take an umbrella if it rains.
(Take an umbrella only if it rains. If it doesn't, don't take it.)

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 SECOND CONDITIONAL

imagination ==> something which is impossible

If aliens landed on Earth, I'd make friends with them.
If I knew French, I'd speak to them.
If everybody was honest, the Earth would be a better place to live.

advice (If I were you ...)

If I were you, I wouldn't do that.

In everyday speech we can use imagine or suppose/ing instead of if

Imagine you saw a snake, what would you do?
Supposing you owned a helicopter, what would you use it for?

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PRACTICE
EXERCISES
EXAMPLE 1
a) You're standing very close to the edge of a swimming pool. You're
wearing all your clothes, not a swimming costume. A friend says:
If you (fall in) _____________________, you clothes (get) _____________________wet!
b) You're sitting in the classroom on a hot day. You're day-dreaming
about going to the beach.
If today (be) _____________________a holiday, I (go) _____________________to the
beach.
c) You can't answer a question in your English book. You ask a friend to
help, but she doesn't know the answer. She says:
If I (know) _____________________the answer, I (tell) _____________________you.

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d) You're walking towards the bus stop with a friend. Suddenly the bus
arrives. The bus stop is far away, but you think there is a chance of
catching the bus. You say:
If we (run) _____________________, we (catch) _____________________it!
e) You're planning to go to the beach tomorrow with some friends. You
are not sure about the weather, because it sometimes rains at this time
of the year. You arrange to meet tomorrow afternoon and say:
If it (rain) _____________________, we (go) _____________________to the cinema instead.
f) You're very busy, because you have lots of school work, and you also
play in two teams. A friend asks you to join a computer club. You say:
If I (have) _____________________more free time, I (join) _____________________ the
club. But it's impossible a the moment because I'm too busy!

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EXAMPLE 2
Complete the sentence using if, unless or would.

a) If he asked me to help him, I _____________________.

b) We'll have lunch outside in the garden, _____________________ it's too cold.
c) John _____________________ win more races if he trained harder.
d) Come on! _____________________ we hurry, we'll miss the plane!
e) I'm sure that Connie _____________________ go to the cinema with you, if you
asked her.
f) _____________________ you feel like a chat, phone a tonight.
g) What _____________________ you do if you saw a snake?

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EXAMPLE 3
a) If I (have) _____________________ arms five meters long, I (be able)
_____________________ to reach the top of that shelf.
b) Don't worry, you've just got a cold. If you (take) _____________________ an aspirin,
you (feel) _____________________ better.
c) Vegeterians believe that if nobody (eat) _____________________ meat, everyone
(live) _____________________ longer.
d) If I (become) _____________________ a famous rock star, I (buy) _____________________
my parents an enormous house.
e) It says "No Parking". If you (leave) _____________________ the car here, the police
(give) _____________________ you a parking fine.
f) It's not far. If you (follow) _____________________ this path, you (come)
_____________________ to the station.
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g) If people (use) _____________________ bikes instead of cars, there (not be)
_____________________ so much pollution.
h) Actually, Brutus is a very friendly dog. If you (touch) _____________________ him, he
(not bite) _____________________ you.
i) If you (leave) _____________________ your books on the desk, I (give)
_____________________ them back to you at the end of the lesson.
j) If you (own) _____________________ a pet tiger, your friends (not visit)
_____________________ you!

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THIRD AND MIXED
CONDITIONALS

BY AZAT KARBOZOV
 THIRD CONDITIONAL

hypothetical situation or event in the past which was contrary to what actually
happened
If you had arrived earlier, we wouldn't have missed the plane.
(They didn't arrive early, that's why they missed the plane.)
If I had taken my umbrella, I wouldn't have gone wet.
(He didn't take his umbrella, that's why he got wet.)

can be expressed as criticism

If you had practiced more, you wouldn't have failed the exam.

regret
If I had practiced more, I wouldn't have failed the exam.

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 MIXED CONDITIONAL

Mixed [second + third conditional]

this conditional describes a hypothetical situation or event in the present, which
is contrary to known facts. The result in the main clause refers to the past:
If people lived in the island, the earthquake would have caused deaths.

}
}
= but nobody lives in the island = it didn't cause any deaths,
now because nobody lives there
Mixed [third + second conditional]
this conditional describes a hypothetical situation or event in the present, which
is contrary to known facts. The result in the main clause refers to the past:
If I had bought Bitcoins five years ago, I would be a millionaire now.
}

}
= but I didn't buy = but I am not a millionaire
Bitcoins five years ago
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PRACTICE
EXERCISES
EXAMPLES 1
a) Supposing you had wings, what would you do?
__________________________________________________________________.
b) Why don't you leave now? That's what I would do.
__________________________________________________________________.
c) Imagine you lived on Mars. How would you feel?
__________________________________________________________________.
d) I think you should buy a bike. That's what I'd do.
__________________________________________________________________.
e) Imagine you were rich. What would you do?
__________________________________________________________________.
f) Supposing Jim came with us, what would you say?
__________________________________________________________________.
g) Why don't you take the bus. That's what I'd do.
__________________________________________________________________.
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EXAMPLES 2
a) If you phoned / had phoned me yesterday, I had given / would have given you the news.
b) If you had taken / would have taken more exercise, you might feel / had felt better now.
c) If I married / had married him two years ago, I would live / would have lived happy now.
d) If Tim drove / had driven more carefully, he wouldn't have crashed / didn't crash. Now
he's at hospital.
e) If you were / had been smarter, you would pass / would have passed the exam yesterday.
f) If I had known / knew it was your birthday, I would send / would have sent you a card. I'm
sorry.
g) If people had helped / helped one another more often, the world might be / would have
been a better place.
h) If our team had scored / scored more goals, we would win / could have won. But we lost.
i) If you took / had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel / would have felt much
better now.
j) If she didn't spent / hadn't spent all her money, she would be / would have been rich now.
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EXAMPLES 3
a) Charlotte didn't leave early, and so she missed the bus.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
b) I didn't buy more milk, so I didn't have enough for breakfast.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
c) We forgot to take a map, so we got lost in the mountains.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
d) I didn't go to bed early, so I didn't wake up at 7.00.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
e) Mike is not good at memorizing, so he forgot to buy some coffee.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
f) I didn't realize you were tired when I asked you to go for a walk.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
g) I didn't turn left at the station, and I lost my way.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
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WISHES

BY AZAT KARBOZOV
 SUBJUNCTIVE I

PRESENT
[ I wish + Subject + would + Vi ]

is used when you want something happening at the moment to stop

or annoyed about something that is or is not happening
I wish it would stop raining!
I wish he would stop talking!
I wish you wouldn't come through the kitchen with your dirty boots on.

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 SUBJUNCTIVE II

PRESENT
[ I wish + Subject + could + Vi ]
[ I wish + Subject + past simple ]

refers to something that is difficult or impossible

I wish I could fly!
I wish I could stay at home today! But I have to go to work!
I wish I were a millionaire.

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 SUBJUNCTIVE III

PAST
[ I wish + Subject + past perfect ]

regret about something you did or did not do

I wish I had eaten so much! I feel awful!
I wish I had asked for your help. I failed my exam.

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 IF ONLY

[ If only = I wish ]

I wish can be replaced by If only for emphasis

I wish I had eaten so much! I feel awful!
I wish I had asked for your help. I failed my exam.

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PRACTICE
EXERCISES
EXAMPLES 1
a) I'm sunburnt. I wish I hadn't sunbathed / didn't sunbathe for so long.
b) I don't feel well. I wish I could stay / stayed at home tomorrow.
c) I'm not good swimmer, but I wish I could swim / would swim well.
d) I wish I had / have a puppy or a kitten!
e) I wish I could see / saw you tomorrow, but it's impossible.
f) I wish Jim didn't sit / doesn't sit next to me. He's so annoying!
g) If only we had / would have some money.
h) I wish I can / could speak English better.

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EXAMPLES 2
a) I'm soaked to the skin! If only I (bring) ______________________ an umbrella!
b) This pullover was cheap. I wish I (buy) ______________________ two of them!
c) I like your school. I wish I (go) ______________________ there too.
d) I must get in touch with Sue. If only I (know) ______________________ her phone
number!
e) This bus is really slow! I wish we (take) ______________________ the train.
f) I'm disappointed in this camera. I wish I (not buy) ______________________ it.
g) I answered three questions well. If only I (finish) ______________________ the whole
test!
h) I can't understand Marie! I wish I (speak) ______________________ French.

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