CHAPTER-27 - Limit

Exercise 27 A
Q.no.1
Solutions:
It is given that lim  5  x 
x 2
As x → 2,
lim  5  x   5  2  3
x 2
Q.no. 2.
Solutions:

It is given that lim x 2  4x  3
x 1

As x → 1 ,
 
lim x 2  4x  3 = 12 – 4(1) + 3 = 0
x 1
Q.no. 3.
Solutions:
x2  9
It is given that lim
x3 x  3
As x → 3,
x 2  9 32  9 18
lim   3
x3 x  3 33 3

Q.no. 4.
Solutions:
x 2  4x
It is given that lim
x3 x  2
As x → 3,

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 x 2  4x 32  4(3)
lim   3
x 3 x  2 3 2

Q.no. 5.
Solutions:
x 2  25
It is given that lim
x5 x  5
As x → 5,
lim
x 2  25
 lim
 x  5 x  5  x  5  5  5  10
x5 x  5 x5 x 5

Q.no. 6.
Solutions:
x3 1
It is given that lim
x 1 x  1
As x→ 1,

lim
x3 1
 lim
 
 x  1 x 2  x  1
x 1 x  1 x 1 x 1
 
 lim x 2  x  1  1  1  1  3
x 1

Q.no. 7.
Solutions:
x3  8
It is given that lim
x  –2 x  2
As x → – 2,

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 x 8  x  2   x 2  2x  4 
 
3
lim  lim  lim x 2  2x  4
x  –2 x  2 x  –2 x2 x  –2

x3  8
lim  4–44 4
x  –2 x  2

Q.no. 8.
Solutions:
x 4  81
It is given that lim
x3 x  3
As x → 3,

lim
x 4  81
 lim
 
x2  9 x2  9 
x 3 x  3 x3 x 3
x 4  81  
x 2  9  x  3 x  3
lim
x 3 x  3
 lim
x3 x 3 x3

 lim x 2  9  x  3 
x 4  81
lim   9  9  3  3  486
x 3 x  3

Q.no. 9.
Solutions:
x 2  4x  3
It is given that lim 2
x  3 x  2x  3

lim 2
x 2  4x  3
 lim
 x  3 x  1  lim  x  1
x  3 x  2x  3 x  3  x  3 x  2  x3  x  2

x 2  4x  3 2
lim 
x  3 x 2  2x  3 5

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Q.no. 10.
Solutions:
4x 2  1
It is given that lim
x  2x  1
1
2
As x → 1/2
4x 2  1  2x  1 2x  1  lim 2x  1
lim
1 2x  1
 lim  
x x
1 2x  1 x
1
2 2 2

4x 2  1
lim 2
1 2x  1
x
2
Q.no. 11.
Solutions:
x 3  64
It is given that lim 2
x  4 x  16
As x → 4,

lim
x  64
3
 lim
 x  4  x 2
 4x  16
 lim
 x 2
 4x  16 
x  4 x 2  16 x 4  x  4  x  4  x 4  x  4
x 3  64 48
lim  6
x  4 x 2  16 8

Q.no. 12.
Solutions:
x 5  32
It is given that lim 3
x 2 x  8
As x → 4,

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 x 5  25
x 5  32 x 5  25
lim 3  lim 3 3  lim x3  23
x2 x  8 x2 x  2 x2 x  2

x2
5 2
4
x 5  32 20 x n  yn n 1
lim 3  lim  ( As we know that  ny )
x2 x  8
 
x2 3 2 2 3 x  y

Q.no. 13.
Solutions:
5 5
x2 – a2
It is given that lim
x a x a
As x → a,
5 5
5 3
x2 5 2 1 5 2
– a2
lim  a  a
x a x  a 2 2

Q.no. 14.
Solutions:
 3 5
  x  25   a  23 
It is given that lim  
x a
 x  a 
 
As x → a,

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  3 5  5 5
  x  25  a  23    x  23  a  23 
lim    lim  
x a
 x a  x a   x  2    x  2  
   
5 5
1 5 2
x n  yn
  a  2  3   a  2  3 ( As we know that  ny n 1 )
3 3 xy

Q.no. 15.
Solutions:
xn 1
It is given that lim
x 1 x  1

xn 1 x n  yn
lim  n (As we know that  nyn 1 )
x 1 x  1 xy

Q.no. 16.
Solutions:
x a
It is given that lim
x a x a
As x → a,
1 1
1
x2 a2
1 2 1 1 x n  yn
lim  a  (As we know that  nyn 1 )
x a xa 2 2 a xy

Q.no. 17.
Solutions:
xh  x
It is given that lim
h 0 h

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As x → 0,
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

 
d 1
xh  x
xh  x
 lim 2 x  h 
dh 1
lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 d h 0 1 2 x
(h)
dh

Q.no. 18.
Solutions:
1 1 1 
It is given that lim   
h0 h  x  h x
As x → 0,
 1 1  0
lim   
ha  x  h x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get
d  1 1 

1 1 1  dh  x  h 
x
lim     lim
h 0 h  x  h x  h0 d
h
dh
1 1

1 1 1 
 lim 2 x  h 2 x  lim   0
h 0 1 h  0 h xh x

Q.no. 19.
Solutions:
1  x 1
It is given that lim
h 0 x
As x → 0,
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 1  x 1 0
lim 
h 0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get
d d
1  x 1 1  x 1
1  x 1
lim  lim dx  lim dx
x 0 x 0 d x 0 1
x
x
dx 2 x 1
1
1  x 1 1
lim 
x 0 x 2

Q.no. 20.
Solutions:
2x  2x
It is given that lim
x 0 x
As x → 0,
2x  2 x 0
lim 
x0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get
2x  2x 2x  2x
lim  lim
x 0 x 0 d
x
x
dx
1 1
 
2x  2x 2
lim  lim 2 2  x 2 2  x 
x 0 x x 0 1 2 2
2  x  2  x 1
lim 
x 0 x 2

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Q.no. 21.
Solutions:
1  x  x2 1
It is given that lim
x 0 x
As x → 0,
1  x  x2 1 0
lim 
x 0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get
d
1 x  x2 1
1 x  x 1
2
lim  lim dx
x 0 x 0 d
x
x
dx
1  2x
1 x  x2 1 2 1  x  x 2 1
lim  lim 
x 0 x x 0 1 2

Q.no. 22.
Solutions:
As x → 0,
3  x 1 3 1
lim 
x 0 2x 2

Q.no. 23.
Solutions:
2x
It is given that lim
x 0 ax  ax

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 2x 2x  ax  ax 
lim  lim  
x 0 a  x  a  x x 0 a  x  a  x  a  x  a  x 

lim
2x
 lim

2x a  x  a  x 
x 0 a  x  a  x x 0 a xa x
2x
lim  lim a  x  a  x  2 a
x 0 a  x  a  x x 0

Q.no. 24.
Solutions:
3 x  5 x
It is given that lim
x 1 x2 1
As x → 0,
3 x  5 x 0
lim 
x 1 x 1
2
0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get
d
3 x  5 x
3 x  5 x dx
lim  lim
x 1
 
x 1 2 x 1 d 2
x 1
dx
1 1

 lim 2 3  x 2 5  x
x 1 2x
3 x  5 x 1
lim 
x 1 x 1
2
4

Q.no. 25.
Solutions:
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 x2  4
It is given that lim
x 2 x  2  3x  2
As x → 0,
x2  4 0
lim 
x  2 x  2  3x  2 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

x 4
2
d 2
dx

x 4 
lim  lim
x  2 x  2  3x  2 x 2 d
dx
 x  2  3x  2 
x2  4 4 8
lim    8
x 2 x  2  3x  2 1

3 1 3

2 22 2 62 2 2

Q.no. 26.
Solutions:
 3 5 x 
It is given that lim  
x 4 1  5  x
 
 3 5 x   3  5  x   1  5  x  3  5  x 
lim    lim    
x 4 1  5  x x 4 1  5  x    
    1 5 x  3 5 x 
 3 5 x   4  x   1 5  x 
lim    lim   
x 4 1  5  x x 4  x  4  3  5  x
   
 1 5  x  1
 lim    –
x 4 3  5  x 3
 

Q.no. 27.

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Solutions:
ax  a
It is given that lim
x 0 x a a  x 

As x → 0,
ax  a 0
lim 
x 0 x a  a  x  0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

ax  a
d
ax  a 
lim  lim dx
x 0 x a  a  x  x 0 d
dx

x a a  x  
1
ax  a 2 ax
lim  lim
x 0 x a  a  x  x 0  
a
x   a a  x 
 2 a a  x  
 
1
ax  a 2 a 1
lim  
x 0 x a  a  x  a 2a a

Q.no. 28.
Solutions:
1 x2  1 x
It is given that lim
x 0
1  x3  1  x
As x → 0,

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 1 x2  1 x 0
lim 
x 0
1  x3  1  x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

1 x  1 x
2
d
 lim dx

1 x2  1 x 
 
lim
x 0
1  x3  1  x x 0 d 1  x3  1  x
dx
2x 1

2 1  x 2 2 1 x
 lim
x 0 3x 2 1

2 1  x3 2 1  x
1

1 x  1 x
2
lim  lim 2  1
x 0
1  x3  1  x x 0  1
2

Q.no. 29.
Solutions:
 x 4  3x 2  2 
It is given that lim  3 
x 1 x  5x 2  3x  1
 

As x → 0,
 x 4  3x 2  2  0
lim  
x 1 x 3  5x 2  3x  1
  0
Therefore,
 x 4  3x 2  2  4x 3  6x 46 2 1
lim  3   lim     
x 1 x  5x 2  3x  1
 x 1 3x  10x  3 3  10  3 4
2
 2
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Q.no. 30.
Solutions:
 x 3 x 
 
It is given that lim  
3 3 12
x 2  3 x
x 
 3 3 2 
As x → 0,
2x  1 0
lim 
x0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get
 x 3 x
 3  3  12 

dx

d x 3 x
3  3  12  3 x
ln 3  33 x
ln 3
lim  lim  lim
x 2  3 x
x  x  2  x  x 2 x
d 1
 3  32   33 x  3 2  33 x ln 3  3 2   ln 3
dx   2
 
 x 3 x 
    ln 3  27ln 3  28ln 3
lim 
3 3 12
x 2  3 x
x  1 26.5ln 3
 3 3 2   27ln 3    ln 3
2

Q.no. 31.
Solutions:
e4x  1
It is given that lim
x 0 x
As x → 0,
e4x  1 0
lim 
x0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

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 e 1
4x
dx

d 4x
e 1 
lim  lim
x 0 x 0 d
x
x
dx
e4x  1 4e4x
lim  lim 4
x 0 x x 0 1

Q.no. 32.
Solutions:
e 2 x  e 2
It is given that lim
x0 x
As x → 0,
e 2 x  e 2 0
lim 
x 0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

e 2 x  e 2 d 2 x 2
dx
e e e 2 x
lim  lim  lim  e2
x 0 x 0 d x 0 1
x
x
dx

Q.no. 33.
Solutions:
e x  e4
It is given that lim
x 4 x  4
As x → 0,
e x  e4 0
lim 
x 4 x  4 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

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 e e
x 4
d x 4
dx

e e ex
lim  lim  lim  e4
x 4 x  4 x 4 d
 x  4 x 4 1
dx

Q.no. 34.
Solutions:
e3x  e2x
It is given that lim
x 0 x

As x → 0,
e3x  e2x 0
lim 
x 0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

e e
3x 2x
dx

d 3x 2x
e e  3e3x  2e2x
lim  lim  lim  3 2 1
x 0  d 
x x 0
x x 0 1
dx
Q.no. 35.
Solutions:
ex  x  1
It is given that  lim
x0 x
As x → 0,
ex  x  1 0
 lim 
x0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

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 e  x 1
x
dx

d x
e  x 1  ex  1
 lim  lim  lim
x 0  d x 0
x x 0
x 1
dx
ex  x  1
 lim  11  0
x 0 x

Q.no. 36.
Solutions:
ebx  eax
It is given that lim
x 0 x
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

e e
bx ax 
d bx ax
dx
e e  bebx  aeax
lim  lim  lim  ba
x 0  d 
x x 0
x x 0 1
dx
ebx  eax
Therefore,, the value of lim is b  a
x 0 x

37
Solutions:
a x  bx
It is given that lim
x 0 x
As x → 0,
a x  bx 0
lim 
x 0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

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 a b
x x
d x
dx
a  bx  a x ln a  b x ln b
lim  lim  lim
x 0  d x 0
x x 0
x 1
dx
a x  bx a
lim  ln a  ln b  ln
x 0 x b

Q.no. 38.
Solutions:

a x  a x
It is given that lim
x 0 x
As x → 0,
a x  a x 0
lim 
x 0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

a a
x x
d x
dx
a  a x  a x ln a  a  x ln a
lim  lim  lim  2ln a
x 0 x 0 d x 0
x
x 1
dx

Q.no. 39.
Solutions:
2x  1
It is given that lim
x 0 x
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 2 1
x
d x
dx

2 1 2 x ln 2
lim  lim  lim  ln 2
x 0 x 0 d x 0
x
x 1
dx

Q.no. 40.
Solutions:
32 x  9
It is given that lim
x 0 x
As x → 0,

32 x  9 0
lim 
x0 x 0
By applying L'Hospital's rule, we get
2 x
3 9 dx

d 2 x
3 9   2  x  ln 3  2ln 3
lim  lim  lim
x 0 x 0 d x 0
x
x 1
dx

Exercise 27 B
Q.no. 1.
Solutions:

sin 4x  sin 4x  4 4 2  sin x 

lim  lim     
 x 0
lim  1 
x 0 6x x 0  4x  6 6 3  x 

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Q.no. 2.
Solutions:
sin 5x  sin 5x 8x 5x  5x 5  sin x 
lim  lim       lim  1
x 0 sin8x x 0  5x sin8x 8x  8x 8  x 0 x 

Q.no. 3.
Solutions:
tan 3x  tan 3x 5x 3x  3x 3
lim  lim     
x 0 tan 5x x 0  3x sin 5x 5x  5x 5
 sin x tan x 

 x 0
lim  1 and lim  1 
 x x 0 x 

Q.no. 4.
Solutions:
tan x  tan x x x  x 
 lim     
sin x x  x 
lim
x 0 tan  x x 0   x

 sin x tan x 

 x 0
lim  1 and lim  1 
 x x 0 x 

Q.no. 5.
Solutions:

sin 4x  sin 4x 7x 4x  4x 4
lim  lim     
x 0 tan 7x x 0  4x sin 7x 7x  7x 7

 sin x tan x 

 x 0
lim  1 and lim  1 
 x x 0 x 
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Q.no. 6.
Solutions:
tan 3x  tan 3x 4x 3x  3x 3
lim  lim     
x 0 sin 4x x 0  3x sin 4x 4x  4x 4
 sin x tan x 

 x 0
lim  1 and lim  1 
 x x 0 x 

Q.no. 7.
Solutions:
sin mx  sin mx nx mx  mx m
lim  lim     
x 0 tan nx x 0  mx tan nx nx  nx n
 sin x tan x 

 x 0
lim  1 and lim  1 
 x x 0 x 
Q.no. 8.
Solutions:
sin x  2sin 3x  sin 5x  sin x 2sin 3x sin 5x 
lim  lim  –  
x 0 x x 0  x x x 
 sin x 2sin 3x 5sin 5x 
lim  – 3 
x 0  x 3x 5x 
By using the above formula,
 sin x 2sin 3x 5sin 5x 
 lim  – 3 = 1 – 2 × 3 + 5 = 0
x 0  x 3x 5x 
 sin x 

 x 0
lim  1 
 x 

Q.no. 9.
Solutions:

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 4sin x cos x  cos x 4sin x  1 2  1
lim  lim   3
x
 4sin x cos x  3cos x x  4sin x  3 2  2

6 6

Q.no. 10.
Solutions:
sin 2x  3x sin 2x
sin 2x  3x 3
lim  lim x  lim x
x 0 2x  sin 3x x 0 2x  sin 3x x 0 sin 3x
2
x x
2sin 2x
3 23
2x  sin x 
lim   1 lim  1
x 0 3sin 3x 2  3  x 0 x 
2
3x

Q.no. 11.
Solutions:
tan 2x  x tan 2x
tan 2x  3x 1
lim  lim x  lim x
x 0 3x  tan x x 0 3x  tan x x 0 tan x
3
x x
2 tan 2x
1 2 1 1
2x  tan x 
 lim    lim  1
x 0
3
tan x 3  1 2  x 0 x 
x

Q.no. 12.
Solutions:

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 x 2  tan 2x x  tan 2x
x  tan 2x
2
x x
lim  lim  lim
x 0 tan x x 0 tan x x 0 tan x
x x
2 tan 2x
x
 lim 2x  0  2  2  lim tan x  1
 x 0 
x 0 tan x 1  x 
x

Q.no. 13.
Solutions:
x cos x  sin x sin x
x cos x  sin x cos x 
lim  lim x  lim x  11  2
x 0 x 2  tan x x 0 x 2  tan x x 0
x
tan x 0 1
x x
Q.no. 14.
Solutions:
Now, tan x – sin x =
sin x sin x  sin x cosx  1  cos x 
 sin x   sin x  
cos x cos x  cos x 
1  cos x
tan x  sin x cos x  lim 1  cos x
lim  lim
x 0 sin 3 x x 0 sin 2 x x 0 sin 2 x cos x

1  cos x 1
 lim x 2
 21
x 0 sin 2 x cos x 1 2
x2

Q.no. 15.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Solutions:
x
lim cosec x  lim 1
x 0 x 0 sin x

Q.no. 16.
Solutions:
2x 1
lim x cot 2x  lim 
x 0 x 0 2 tan 2x 2

Q.no. 17.
Solutions:
sin x cos x sin x cos x 1
lim  lim  
x 0 3x x 0 x 3 3

Q.no. 18.
Solutions:
sin  x / 4  sin  x / 4  1
lim  lim 
x 0 x x 0 4  x / 4  4
sin  x / 4  1
Therefore, lim 
x 0 x 4

Q.no. 19.
Solutions:
tan  x / 2  tan  x / 2  1
lim  lim 
x 0 3x x 0 6  x / 2  6
tan  x / 2  1
Therefore, lim 
x 0 3x 6

Q.no. 20.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Solutions:
1  cos x 2sin 2  x / 2 
lim 2
 lim
x 0 sin x x 0 sin 2 x
x
2sin 2  
x 2
2sin 2  
 2 x2 2
2sin  x / 2 
2
x 2 4
4 421
lim  lim  lim 
x 0 sin 2 x x 0 sin 2 x x 0 sin 2 x 1 4 2
x2 x2
1  cos x 1
[ Since, lim  ]
x 0 x2 2

Q.no. 21.
Solutions:
1  cos3x 9 1  cos3x  9 1  cos x 1
lim  lim  [ lim  ]
x 0 x 2 x 0  3x  2
2 x 0 x 2
2

Q.no. 22.
Solutions:
1  cos x 
1  cos x x2 1 1  cos x 1
lim 2
 lim 2
 [ lim 2
 ] and
x 0 sin 2x x 0 sin 2x 2 x 0 x 2
x2
 sin x 

 x 0
lim  1 
 x 

Q.no. 23.
Solutions:
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
 4 1  cos 2x 
1  cos 2x (4)x 2 4 2
lim  lim  
x 0 3tan 2 x x 0 2
3tan x 6 3
x2
 1  cos x 1 tan x 

 x 0
lim  and lim  1 
 x2 2 x 0 x 

Q.no. 24.
Solutions:
So, by using the above formula,
16 1  cos 4x  16
1  cos 4x (4x) 2 8 4
lim  lim  1  
x 0 1  cos6x x 0 36 1  cos6x  36 18 9
 6x 2 2
1  cos x 1
[ lim 2
 ]
x 0 x 2

Q.no. 25.
Solutions:

m 2 1  cos mx 
1  cos m x (m x) 2 m2
lim  lim 2  2
x 0 1  cos nx x 0 n 1  cos n x  n
 nx 2
1  cos x 1
[ lim 2
 ]
x 0 x 2

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Q.no. 26.
Solutions:

We know that sin 2x = 2 sin x cosx

1  cos x 1 sin x
lim 2
 and lim 1
x 0 x 2 x 0 x
By using the above formula,

2sinx  sin 2 x
Therefore, lim 1
x 0 x3

Q.no. 27.
Solutions:
sin x sin x  sin x cos x
Now, tan x – sin x = – sin x =
cos x cos x
 1  cos x 
= sin x  
 cos x 
 1  cos x 
tan x  sin x   sin x 2sin x 1  cos x 
lim  lim  cos x   lim
x 0 x3 x 0 x3 x 0 x3
1  cos x sin x 1
 lim 2  
x 0 x cos x x 2
1  cos x 1  sin x 
[ lim  ] and  lim  1 
x 0 x2 2  x 0 x 

Q.no. 28.
Solutions:

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 tan 2x  sin 2x sin 2x  sin 2x cos 2x
lim  lim
x 0 x3 x 0 x3
sin 2x 1  cos 2x  2sin 2x 4 1  cos 2x 
 lim  lim  4
x 0 x 3 x 0 2x  2x  2

Q.no. 29.
Solutions:
Now, cosec x – cot x = (1 – cos x)/sinx
1  cos x 1  cos x
cosec x  cot x 1  cos x x 2
x 2 1
lim  lim  lim  lim 
x 0 x x 0 x sin x x 0 x sin x x 0 sin x 2
x2 x
1  cos x 1  sin x 
[ lim  ] and   lim  1 
x 0 x2 2  x 0 x 

Q.no. 30.
Solutions:
Now, cosec 2x – cot 2x = (1 – cos 2x)/sin 2x
cot 2x  cos ec2x cos 2x  1 4
lim  lim   2
x 0 x x 0 x sin 2x 2

4  cos 2x  1
cos 2x  1
 lim x 2
 lim
 2x  2

x 0 x sin 2x x 0 2sin 2x
x2 2x
1  cos x 1  sin x 
[ lim  ] and  lim  1 
x 0 x2 2  x 0 x 
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Q.no. 31.
Solutions:
sin 2x 1  cos 2 x  sin 2x 1  cos 2x 
lim 3
 lim 
x 0 x x  0 x x2
2sin 2x 4 1  cos 2x 
 lim  4
x 0 2x  2x  2

1  cos x 1  sin x 
[ lim  ] and 
 x 0
lim  1 
x 0 x2 2  x 

Q.no. 32.
Solutions:
sec 2 x  2 2sec x  sec x tan x   0
lim  lim
 tan x  1  sec 2 x  0
x x
4 4
2sec x  sec x tan x 
 lim  lim 2 tan x  2
 2
sec x 
x x
4 4

Q.no. 33.
Solutions:
cos ec 2 x  2 2cos ec x   cos ecx cot x   0
lim  lim
 cot x  1   cos ec2 x  0
x x
4 4
2cos ecx   cos ecx cot x 
 lim  lim 2cot x  2
x
  cos ec x 2
x

4 4

Q.no. 34.
Solutions:
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
 1  tan x 0  sec 2 x  sec 2 x
lim  lim  lim  2
   1  0  1
4 x
x x x
4 4
4

Q.no. 35.
Solutions:
sin 3x  3sin x 3cos3x  3cos x
lim  lim
x     x 3 x  3    x 
2

Differtiate both sides w.r.t x again,

sin 3x  3sin x 9sin 3x  3sin x
lim  lim
x     x 3 x  6  x 
Differtiate both sides w.r.t x again,
sin 3x  3sin x 27cos3x  3cos x
lim  lim
x     x 3 x  6
27cos3  3cos  27  3
   4
6 6

Q.no. 36.
Solutions:
1  cos 2x 0   2sin 2x 
lim  lim
x     2x  x  2    2x  2 
 2 
2 2
 sin 2x 2sin 2x
 lim  lim
x
  4    2x  x   4    2x 
2 2
So, Differtiate both sides w.r.t x again,
1  cos 2x 4cos 2x cos 2x cos  1 1
lim  lim  lim   
 4  2    2   2   2  2
x     2x 
 2
x x
2 2 2

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Q.no. 37.
Solutions: It is given that
lim
 cos x  cos a 
x a x  a
 x a   x a 
2  sin   sin  
 lim  2   2 
x a x a
 xa x a
 cos x  cos a  2  sin sin
2 2 
 xa 
sin  
xa  2   sin  
 lim sin  lim  1
x a 2  x  a   x  a  
2
 1 sin
 a  a   1 sin 2a   sin(a)
2 2

Q.no. 38.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

  xa x a 
 2  cos sin 
lim
 sin x  sin a   lim  2 2 
x a x  a x a x  a
xa  sin  
 1 lim cos  lim  1
x a 2 xa  
aa
 cos  cos a
2

Q.no. 39.
Solutions:
 sin x  sin a   lim  sin x  sin a    x a 
     a
lim
x a x a xa x a x
 and divide by x  a 
 
 sin x  sin a    x a 
 lim
x a x  a
sin x  sin a
 cosa  lim
x a
 x a   lim
x a x a

 cosa 

=2√a×cosa = 2√acosa

Q.no. 40.
Solutions:

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

  5x  3x 5x  3x 
sin 5x  sin 3x  2sin cos 
lim  lim  2 2 
x 0 sin x x 0 sin x
 CD C D
 Applying sin C  sin D  2sin cos
2 2 
 lim 2cos 4x  2 1  2
x 0

Q.no. 41.
Solutions:

lim
 cos3x  cos5x   lim 1  cos5x  1  cos3x  
x 0 x2 x 0 x2

 1  cos5x 1  cos3x 
 lim   
x 0  x 2
x2 
 1  cos5x 1  cos3x   1  cos3x 9 
  lim  
  x 0
lim  
 x  0 x 2
x 2
  x 2
9
25 9 16  1  cos ax 1 
    8  lim  
2 2 2  x  0  ax  2
2


Q.no. 42.
Solutions:
lim
 sin 3x  sin 5x 
x 0  sin 6x  sin 4x 

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

  3x  5x 3x  5x 
 2  sin  cos 
 lim  2 2 
 lim
sin 4x cos x
x 0  6x  4x 6x  4x  x 0 cos5x sin x
 2  cos sin 
 2 2 
sin 4x 4x
 lim 
x 0 sin x 4x
cos5x 
cos x
 Sin  
sin 4x 1 x  0   1
lim
 4  lim   4  
x 0 4x
 lim 
1 
cos5x tan x
 0 tan  

Q.no. 43.
Solutions: It is given that
sin  2  x   sin  2  x  
lim
x 0 x


 2  x  2  x   sin  2  x  2  x  
 2 cos 
 lim  
2 2
x 0 x

 lim
 2  cos 2  sin x 
 2cos 2 lim
sin x
 2cos 2
x 0 x x 0 x

Q.no. 44.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 1  cos 2x
lim
x 0  cos 2x  cos8x 

2  sin x  sin x 5x  3x 1
 lim  
x 0 2  sin 3  sin 5x x  x 15
1 1  sin  
 1111   lim  1
15 15  x 0  

Q.no. 45.
Solutions: It is given that
 
lim   x  tan x
x  2 

2

    
 1 lim y tan  y   x   y
y 0  2  2 
y
 1 lim y cot y  –1  lim 1
y 0 y0 tan y

Q.no. 46.
Solutions:
It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

lim
 1  2x  1  2x 
x 0 sin x

 lim
 1  2x  1  2x  1  2x  1  2x
x 0 sin x  1  2x  1  2x 
x 1 1
 4  lim   4  1  2
x 0 sin x 1  2x  1  2x 2

Q.no. 48.
Solutions: It is given that

lim
 a  h  sin  a  h   a 2 sin a
2

h 0 h
a 2  sin  a  h   sin a   2ah sin  a  h   h 2 sin  a  h 
 lim
h 0 h
 h
a 2  2  cos  a    sin h
 2a sin a  0  lim  2
h 0 h
 2a sin a  2a 2 cos a  2a 2 cos a  2a sin a

Q.no. 48. .
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

lim
 e 3 x
 sin x  e3 
x 0 x
sin x e3 x  e3
  lim  lim  1  e 3
x 0 x x 0 x

Q.no. 49.
Solutions: It is given that

lim

e tan x  1 
x 0 tan x
As x tends to 0, tan(x) also tends to zero,
So,

lim

e tan x  1 
 lim

e tan x  1
1

x 0 tan x tan x 0 tan x

Q.no. 50.
Solutions: It is given that
e tan x  1
lim
x 0 x
e tan x  1 tan x e tan x  1 tan x
 lim   lim 
x 0 x tan x x 0 tan x x
 1 1  1

Q.no. 51.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 ax  x cos x ax x cos x
lim  lim 
x 0 bsin x x 0 bsin x bsin x
 sin  
ax x cos x a 1  0   1
lim
 lim  lim   
x 0 bsin x x 0 bsin x b b lim cos   1 
 x 0 
a 1

b

Q.no. 52.
Solutions: It is given that
sin(ax)  bx
lim
x 0 ax  sin(bx)

sin(ax)  bx bx a
 lim  
x 0 ax  sin(bx) ax b

sin ax  bx sin ax  bx
lim
a a
 lim ax    x 0 ax
x 0 ax  sin bx b b lim ax  sin bx
bx x 0 bx
b
1
a a b
  a   1
b 1 a b a
b

Q.no. 53.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 sin    x  sin x x
lim  lim 
x 0     x  x 0     x  x

sin x     x
 lim  lim
x 0 x x 0     x 

 1 1 1 1
 1 lim     0
x 0    x   

Q.no. 54. .
Solutions: It is given that
tan 2x
lim

x x 

2
2
As x tends to π/2, x – π/2 tends to zero.
Let, y = x – π/2
  
tan  2y   2 
 lim  2   lim tan    2y 
y 0 y y 0 y
tan 2y
 lim 2  2
y  0 2y

Q.no. 55.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 cos 2x  1 cos 2x  1 4  x  x
 lim  lim 
x 0 cos x  1 x 0 cos x  1 2x  2x
cos 2x  1
cos 2x  1 lim 1
x 0  2x  2
 4  lim 2x  2x  4   4 2  4
x 0 cos x  1 cos x  1 1
lim
xx x 0 x2 2

Q.no. 56.
Solutions: It is given that
 1 cos x 
lim  cos ec x  cot x   lim   
x 0 x 0  sin x sin x 
 x x
 2  sin  sin
 lim  2 2   1  cos   2sin  sin 
x 0 x x
 2  sin  cos 
 2 2
 x
 lim  tan   0
x 0  2

Q.no. 57.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 1  cos 2mx
  2mx 
2

lim
1  cos 2mx
 lim
 2mx  2

x 0 1  cos 2nx x 0 1  cos 2nx

  2nx  2

 2nx 2
1
mm  1  cos  1 
 2  
1 n  n    2
2
m2
 2
n

Q.no. 58.
Solutions: It is given that
1  cos mx
1  cos mx mx  mx m  m m2
lim  lim   2
x 0 1  cos nx x 0 1  cos nx nn n
nx  nx

Q.no. 59.
Solutions: It is given that
sin mx  sin mx
sin mx  sin mx mx  mx m 2
m 2
lim  lim  2  2
x 0 sin nx  sin nx x 0 sin nx  sin nx n n
nx  nx

Q.no. 60.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Solutions: It is given that
sin 2x  sin 3x
sin 2x  sin 3x 3x 3x
lim   lim 
x 0 2x  sin 3x 3x x 0 2x  sin 3x
3x

Q.no. 61.
Solutions: It is given that
1 1

sec 4x  sec 2x
lim  lim cos 4x cos 2x
x 0 sec3x  sec x x 0 1 1

cos3x cos x

 lim
 cos 2x  cos 4x   cos x  cos3x
x 0  cos x  cos3x   cos 2x  cos 4x

2  sin 3x  sin x  cos x  cos3x

 lim
x 0 2  sin 2 x sinx cos 2 x cos 4 x
sin 6x  cos x 2
 lim 
x 0 sin 4x  cos 4x 2
sin 6x  cos x 8x 6
 2  lim  
x 0 sin 8x 6x 8
sin 6x
 cos x
3 3 1 1 3
  lim 6x   
2 x 0 sin 8x 2 1 2
8x

Q.no. 62.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 2  1  cos x
lim
x 0 sin x  sin x
2  1  cos x 2  1  cos x
 lim 
x 0 sin x  sin x 2  1  cos x
2  1  cos x 
 lim
x 0 sin x  sin x  2  1  cos x
1  cos x
 lim
x 0 x x

2  sin cos sin x 2  1  cos x
2 2

x x
2  sin  sin
 lim 2 2
x 0 x x

2  sin cos sin x 2  1  cos x
2 2

x 1
sin 
2 2
x
2 1
 lim  lim
x  0 sin x
x
x 0 x

cos  2  1  cos x
2

1 1 1
  
2  2 2  4 2

Q.no. 63.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 1  sin x  1  sin x
lim
x 0 x
1  sin x  1  sin x 1  sin x  1  sin x
 lim 
x 0 x 1  sin x  1  sin x
2  sin x
 lim
x 0 x  1  sin x  1  sin x 
sin x 1
 2  lim   lim
x 0 x x0
 1  sin x  1  sin x 
1
 2  1 1
2

Q.no. 64.
Solutions: It is given that
   
2  3 cos  y   – sin  y  
2  3 cos x  sin x  6  6
lim  lim
x

6
 6x   2 y 0 y 2  36

3 3 1 3
1 2  cos y  sin y  cos y  sin y
  lim 2 2 2 2
2
36 y 0 y
1 2 1  cos y  1 1 1
  lim  2   
36 y 0 y2 2 36 36

Q.no. 65.
Solutions: It is given that
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
 cos ax  cos bx 1  cos bx  1  cos ax 
lim  lim
x 0 cos cx  1 x 0 cos cx  1
1  cos bx   b2  1  cos ax   a 2
 lim
 bx 
2
 ax 
2

a 2  b2
x 0  1  cos cx  2 c2
c
 cx  2

cos ax  cos bx a 2  b 2
 lim 
x 0 cos cx  1 c2

Q.no. 66.
Solutions: It is given that
lim
cos x  cos a
 lim
 cos x  cos x 
x  a cot x  cot a x  a sin  a  x 

sin x sin a
xa
sin    sin x
 sin a  lim  2   sin 3a
x a  x  a 
cos  
 2 
cos x  cos a
 lim  sin a  sin a  sin a
x  a cot x  cot a

Q.no. 67.
Solutions: It is given that

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

   sin x  cos 2x  
 
 lim 
cos x cos x cos x    2  lim sin x  cos x  sin x 
  cos x  sin x 
x  cos x  cosx cosx

x
4   4
 2 
1
 2
  2 2 3  –4
 1 
 
 2

Q.no. 68.
Solutions: It is given that
2  1  sin x
lim
 2 cos x cos x
x
2

2  1  sin x 2  1  sin x
 lim 
x
 2 cos x cos x 2  1  sin x
2
1  sin x
 lim
x

2
2  1  sin x  2 cos x cos x 

Let, y  x 
2
1  cos y
 lim
y 0 2  1  cos y  2 sin ysin y 
1 1 1
  
2 2 2 2 8

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Q.no. 69.
Solutions: It is given that
cotx cotx  3
lim
x
 csc x  2
6

 lim
 cos x  cos x   3  sin x  sin x
x
 sin x 1  2sin x 
6

 lim
1  2sin x   1  2sin x   4
x
 sin x 1  2sin x 
6

Q.no. 70.
Solutions: It is given that
2  cos x  1 2  cos x  1 2  cos x  1
lim  lim 
x     x 2 x     x 2 2  cos x  1
1  cos x 1
 lim 
x    x 2
2  cos x  1
Let, y  x  
1  cos y 1
 lim 2 
y 0 y  2  cos y  1 4

Q.no. 71.
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
Solutions: It is given that
1  tan x
lim
x  1  2 sin x

4
By Appling L ' Hospital ' s Rule
d
1  tan x 
 lim dx
x
 d
4
dx

1  2 sin x 
 sec 2 x 1
 lim  lim Sec3 x
 2 cos x 2 x 
x
4 4

1 1
 
3
 Sec3  . 2 2
2 4 2

Q.no. 72.
Solutions: It is given that

2sin 2 x  sin x  1
lim =
x  2sin x  3sin x  1
2
2

2  sin x  sin x  sin x  1

lim
x
 2  sin x  sin x  3sin x  1
6

lim
 2sin x  1   sin x  1
 –3
  2sin x  1 sin x  1
x
6

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 Exercise 27 C

Q.no. 1.
Solutions:
L.H.L : lim f (x)  lim | x |  3  lim   x  3 = –( 3 –3) = 0
x  3 x  3 x  3
R.H.L : lim f (x)  lim | x |  3  lim  x  3 = 3 –3 = 0
x  3 x  3 x  3
Since,
lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 3– x 3
So, the limit exists and lim f (x)  0
x 3

Q.no. 2.
Solutions:
x x
L.H.L: lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim  1 = –1
x 0 x 0 | x | x 0   x  x 0
 

x x
R.H.L: lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim 1 = 1
x 0  x 0 | x | x 0   x  x 0
 

Now, lim f (x)  lim f (x),  lim f (x) does not exist
x 0 x 0 x 0

Q.no. 3.
Solutions:

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 | x 3|   x  3
L.H.L: lim f (x)  lim lim  lim  1 = –1
x 3 x 3 x  3 x 3  x  3 x 3

R.H.L: lim f (x)  lim

| x 3|
 lim
 x  3  lim  1 = 1
x 3 x 3 x  3 x 3 x  3 x 3
Now
lim f (x)  lim f (x) Therefore, lim f (x) does not exist.
x 3 x 3 x 3

Q.no. 4.
Solutions:
L.H.L:
lim f (x)  lim 1  x 2 = 2
x 1 x 1
R.H.L:
lim f (x)  lim 2  x =1
x 1 x 1
lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 1 x 1
Therefore, Limit does not exist

Q.no. 5.
Solutions:
L.H.L:
x | x | x   x  xx
lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim
x 0  x 0  x x 0 x x 0 x
2x
 lim  lim 2  2
x 0 x x 0

R.H.L:

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 x | x | x  x 0
lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim  lim 0
x 0 x 0  x x 0 x x 0 x x 0
=0
lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 0 x 0
Therefore, Limit does not exist

Q.no. 6.
Solutions:
L.H.L: lim f (x)  lim 5x  4 = 5 – 4 = 1
x 1 x 1
R.H.L:
lim f (x)  lim 4x 3  3x = = 4 – 3 = 1
x 0 x 0
 lim f (x)  lim f (x) , Therefore,, lim f (x) = 1
x 0 x 0 x 1

Q.no. 7.
Solutions:
L.H.L: lim f (x)  lim 4x  5 = 8 – 5 = 3
x 2  x 2
R.H.L: lim f (x)  lim x  a = 2 – a
x 2 x 2 
Since lim f (x) exists,
x 2
lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 2 x 2 
 3 = 2 – a → a = 2 – 3 → a = -1

Q.no. 8.
Solutions:

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

L.H.L:
3x 3x 3x
lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim  lim 3
x 0 x 0 | x |  2x
 x 0   x   2x
 
x 0 x x 0
=3
R.H.L:
3x 3x 3x
lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim  lim 1 = 1
x 0 x 0 | x |  2x x 0  x   2x x 0 3x x 0
 

Since
lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 0 x 0
Therefore, Limit does not exist

Q.no. 9.
Solutions:
L.H.L:
lim f (x)  lim x  k = 0 + k = k
x 0 x 0
R.H.L:
lim f (x)  lim cos x = cos (0) = 1
x 0 x 0
It is given that lim f (x) exists.
x 0
Therefore,
lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 0 x 0
 k=1

Q.no. 10.
Solutions:
R.H.L:

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 1
lim f (x)  lim
x 0  x 0 x
1 1 1
 lim  lim    
x 0  0h x 0 h 0
L.H.L:
lim f (x)
x 0
1 1 1 1
lim  lim  lim    
x 0 x h 0 0  h h 0  h 0
Since,
lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 0 x 0
Therefore, Limit does not exist

Q.no. 11.
Solutions:
R.H.L:
lim f (x)
x 0
1 1 1 1
lim  lim  lim  
x 0 | x | x 0  x  h 0  0  h  0
L.H.L:
1 1 1 1
lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim  lim
x 0 x 0 | x | x 0   x  h 0   0  h  h 0 h

1
  
0
Therefore,
1
lim f (x)  lim f (x)  lim 
x 0 x 0 x 0 | x |

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Q.no. 12.
Solutions:
L.H.L:
1 1 1
x
lim f (x)  lim e  lim ex  e0
x 0  x 0  x 0 
= e∞
lim f (x)
x 0
R.H.L:
1 1 1
lim ex  e 0 = e–∞  e
x 0
Since
lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 0 x 0
Therefore, Limit does not exist

Q.no. 13.
Solutions:
R.H.L:
lim f (x)
x 0 
1 1 1
 lim sin  lim sin = sin = sin ∞ = ∞
x 0 x h 0 0h 0
L.H.L :
1 1
 lim f (x)  lim sin  lim sin
x 0  x 0 x h 0 0h
1 1
= sin =  sin = –sin ∞ = –∞
0 0
Since,

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

= lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 0 x 0 
Therefore, Limit does not exist

Q.no. 14.
Solutions:
L.H.L.:
x x
 lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim  1 = –1
x 0 x 0 | x | x 0  x  x 0
R.H.L:
x x
 lim f (x)  lim  lim  lim 1 = 1
x 0 x 0 | x | x 0  x  x 0
Since
 lim f (x)  lim f (x)
x 0 x 0
Therefore, Limit does not exist.

Q.no. 15.
Solutions:
It is given that
 k cos x 
   2x , x 
2 
f (x)   
 3, 
x 
 2 

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

 k cos x
lim f (x)  lim
x

x
   2x
2 2
 
Let h  x  x  h 
2 2
  
x  or, h  
2 2 2
or, h → 0
 
k cos   h 
 lim 2   lim k sinh  lim k sinh = –k × 1 = –k
h 0   h  0     h h 0 h
  2  h 
2 

f 3
2
NOW,


lim f (x)  f  
x
 2
2
∴ –k = 3 → k = –3

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions