25 Major Scientific Breakthroughs

www.tocris.com

25 years ago Tocris Neuramin and Cookson Chemicals merged to become Tocris Cookson, and ever since then we have been supplying researchers with high quality Product Type
innovative life science reagents to help them make new discoveries. To celebrate our quarter century we have selected our 25 favorite scientific breakthroughs. Small Molecules
How do they compare with yours? Did we miss your favorite? Let us know on social media. cGMP Small Molecules
Peptides
1859 Theory of Evolution Aptamers
Darwin and Wallace
1927 Chemogenetics
1869 1898 Big Bang Theory Controlled Substances
Periodic Table Discovery of Radium Lemaître 1933+ Compound Libraries
Mendeleev Curie X Ray Crystallography Fluorescent Imaging
of Biological Molecules
Ligand Sets
Advances
Hodgkin Optopharmacology
Targeted Protein Degradation

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 Reagents
Toxins
Research Area
Cancer
1929 Discovery
1977 1951 Cardiovascular System
1971 of Penicillin
MRI Used on First Live Person Protein Amino Acid Sequence Cell and Gene Therapy
Discovery of Place Cells Fleming
Sanger
Moser, Moser and O’Keefe Endocrinology
NH2 Tyr
Gly Immunology
Gly
Phe Met Thr
Ser
Neuroscience
Glu

Lys
Pain & Inflammation
Respiratory System
Ser
Phe Leu Pro Thr Gln
Lys
Thr Val Leu
Asn

Pharmacology
Ala
1861 Germ Theory lle

Pasteur lle
7-TM Receptors
1985 PCR Invented Lys Asn Ala Tyr Lys Lys
Gly
COOH

1953
Glu
Mullis Enzyme-Linked Receptors
DNA Structure Resolved Enzymes
Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin
Ion Channels
Nuclear Receptors
1980 1970 1960 1950 Transporters
Cell Biology
1990 Angiogenesis
Cryo-Electron Microscopy Cell Cycle
Dubochet, Frank and Henderson 1954 Cell Metabolism
First Kidney Cytoskeleton & Motor Proteins
Transplant
Murray ECM & Adhesion Molecules
1996
Dolly the Sheep Cloned 1952 Polio Vaccine Salk Epigenetics
Campbell et al. Regulated Cell Death
2003 Human 2012 Signal Transduction
2012
Genome Project Higgs Boson Stem Cells
Discovery of
Completed discovered
CRISPR For more details on each discovery
Doudna and ATLAS and CMS
collaboration and to request or download your
Charpentier
free poster visit Tocris.com/25-years

1990 2000 2010 2020 What’s next?

Lead Mutagenesis
enzyme
2014 Robotic
1985 DNA Profiling Limb Controlled
Jeffrey et al. Somatic cells hPSCs
by the Brain
Ortiz-Catalan et al.
Screening 2006 Adult Human Cells are Reprogrammed into PSCs
1993 The Directed Evolution 1998 RNA Interference Takahashi and Yamanaka 2012 Immune Checkpoint Therapy
of Enzymes Arnold Fire and Mello Allison and Honjo