1

Let the
challenge begin
3
4
 5
Evaluate the each rational exponent.

1 2
492 5123

Simplifying the expression.

2 3 1 1
𝑏3𝑐 5 𝑏2𝑐 2
 6
ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• What does it mean to be radical?

 Radical
Expressions
 8

Learning
• I can convert • I can simplify radical
expressions with expressions using

Targets rational exponents

as radicals and vice
the laws of radicals.
(M)
versa. (M)
• I can state the law
of radicals (A)
• I can extract the
root of a radical.
(M)
 9

Core
Values ○Effectiveness
and Efficiency
○Critical Thinking
○Understanding
and ○Artistry
Skills
 10
Radical Expressions
• It is an equivalent expression of rational exponents.
• It uses a radical sign “√ ” which is commonly seen in
square roots.
• Radicals are the inverse of a power. Its general form is
given by:

𝑛
𝑎 where n is the index
and a is the radicand.
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Radical Expressions
• The INDEX of a radical is the small number that
indicates the root of the radicand.
• The RADICAND is a number or expression that resulted
from a power. The root of the radical depends on the
index number and each of them has certain properties.

𝑛
𝑎 where n is the index
and a is the radicand.
 12
Square Roots
• In SQUARE ROOT, the index is 2 which is not
indicated to the radical since they are the
primary radical expressions.
• Its radicand must be positive only.
• A square root has two roots: the principal and
the negative root.
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Square Roots
The principal root is the positive value of the
radical and the commonly taken value in
evaluating square roots.
Negative root is the negative value of the
principal root which when squared resulted to
the radicand.
• Negative numbers do not have real square
roots.
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Illustration: 𝟒 has a root of 2 and -2, since 22 =4
and −2 2 = 4
In symbols, 𝟒 = ±𝟐

EXAMPLE 1
Determine the roots of the following radical expressions.
1. 225 2. −25
36
3. 4. 16a2
64
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Cube Roots
• It has an index of 3.
• Its radicand can also be negative.
• It has only one root.
• The sign of the root is the same as the sign of the
radicand.
𝟑
Illustration: 𝟖 has a root of 2, since 23 = 8.
𝟑 3
−𝟖 = −𝟐 since −2 = −8
 16
EXAMPLE 2

Determine the roots of the following radical

expressions.
𝟑
1. 125 =
𝟑
2. −343 =
𝟑
3. 64 =
 17
𝑡ℎ
Evaluating 𝑛 Root
• When the index is 4 and up, the radical is named as 4th,
5th and so on. The number of roots depends on the
nature of the index.
• For even index, the properties are the same as for
square roots. While the properties in cube roots are
applied for odd index.
𝟒
Illustration: 𝟏𝟔 has a root of 2 and -2, since
24 = 16.
𝟓 5
−𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓 has a root of -5, since −5 = −3125
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EXAMPLE 3

Determine the roots of the following radical

expressions.
𝟔
1. 64 =
𝟓
2. −𝟐𝟒𝟑 =
ACTIVITY 2:
FIND MY
ROOTS
 20

Determine the roots of the following radical

expressions.
3
1. 216 = ________
5
2. 32 + 625 = ________
7
3. 2187 =________
3
4. 49 − 125 = _________
25 3 64
5. − = _________
36 216
 Rational Exponent in Radical 21

Form
• Radical form is an equivalent of rational
exponents. The general rule is given by
𝟏 𝒎
𝒏
𝒏
𝒂 = 𝒂 or
𝒏 𝒂𝒎 =𝒂 𝒏

where:
• index n is the denominator of rational
exponent
• exponent m of the radicand becomes the
numerator.
 22
EXAMPLE 4

Determine the roots of the following radical

expressions.
1
1. 64 2
2
2. 27 3
1 1
3. −216 + 16 3 4
 Radicals with Variables 23

• The radicals with variables can be

evaluated. To do that, express the radicals
into rational exponents or simply divide
the exponent of each variable to the
index.
𝟒
Illustration: 𝒙𝟒 = 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 , since 𝑥 2
𝟐 2
= 𝑥 4.
𝟑 𝟏𝟓
−𝒙𝟏𝟓 = −𝒙 = −𝒙𝟓 , since −𝑥 5
𝟑 3
= −𝑥 15 .
 24
EXAMPLE 5
Evaluate the following expressions.
1. 𝑑 4 𝑒16
2. 𝑎8 𝑏6 𝑐 4
5
3. 32𝑘10
3
4. −27𝑥 6 𝑦 9
4
5. 16𝑚8 𝑛24
 25

Product Rule for Radicals

If a and b are any nonzero real
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
numbers, then 𝑎( 𝑏) = 𝒂𝒃.
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Example:

1. 25( 9)
3 3
2. 8( 27)
3. 36( 7)
4. 32( 2)
Steps in simplifying radicals with no 27

perfect root:
• Factor out the radicand with one having a
perfect root.
1

• Evaluate the factor with perfect root and the

non-perfect will remain inside the radical.
2
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Example:

1. 63
3
2. 162
3. 3 45
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Quiz 1 : First meeting on F2f classes