Lec3 Types of Researche

Research Methods/lec3/ Researche
‫بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم‬

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
Agenda
Research Methods 2023 Words to remember

Lecture 3
➢General View
♥ Types of ➢Literature
❖ Types of Researches Review
Research
❖Activities
1 Research Methods2023 Intake 1 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim. Alsayaghi 2 Research Methods2023 Intake 1 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim. Alsayaghi
1 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

Lecture 3
‫بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم‬ Lecture 3
Research Methods2023
Where is the face?
❖Word To Remember
‫ق ال هللا سبحانه وتعالى على لسان النبي سليمان عليه السالم‬
‫للهدهد‬
‫ب بِ ِكتَابِي َهذَا فَأَلْقِهِ إِلَيْ ِه ْم ثُمَّ تَ َولَّ عَ ْن ُه ْم فَانْظُ ْر‬
ْ ‫اذْ َه‬
) 28( ‫ون‬ ِ
َ ‫َماذَا يَ ْرج ُع‬
)28( ‫ اآلية‬: ‫سورة النمل‬

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
❖ Types of Researches 1. Type of Research According to The use of the
research
1. Type of 2. Type of Basic research Applied Research

Research Research
According to The According to The 2. Type of Research According to The logic the
use of the research logic the research research
3. Types of 4. Types of Research (positivism) Quantitative (Anti- positivism)
Research According to Time Research Qualitative Research
According to dimension in
Purpose of a study research

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
3.Types of Research According to Purpose of a study 4. Types of Research According to Time
dimension in research
Case studies Cross – Sectional

Research
Explanation Description Exploration
Longitudinal
Research
Prediction
Panel study
Control Cohort study Time series study

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
1. Type of Research According to The use of the

research
❖ Types of Researches
✓ Some Details Basic research Applied Research

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
❖ Basic research ❖ Applied Research
❑ Refuting or supporting theories that
explain how the social world operates , ✓ Designed to address a specific
concern or to offer solutions to a
✓ What makes things happen?, problem .
✓ Why social relations are a certain way?
✓ A quick small-scale study that
✓ Why society change?
provides practical results for use in
❑ The source of most new scientific ideas
the short term.
and ways of thinking about the world

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
❖ Qualitative Research
✓ Qualitative research is an inquiry process of
2. Type of Research According to The logic the understanding based on distinct methodological
research traditions of inquiry that explore a social or
human problem.
✓ The researcher builds a complex, holistic
picture, analyzes words, report detailed views
(positivism) Quantitative (Anti- positivism) of informants,
Research Qualitative Research ✓Designed the study in a natural setting.
❖ Qualitative research aims at understanding . It
answering primary to HWO ? - questions

Lecture 3 ❖Distinction between Qualitative & Quantitative

Lecture 3
❖ Quantitative Research Topic Quantitative Qualitative
Focus of Research •Understanding •Description
❖ Based on the idea that social phenomena can be •Interpretation •Explanation
quantified, measured and expressed numerically
Researcher •Limited •High
Involvement •Controlled •Participation-
based
❖ The information about social phenomena is
expressed in numeric terms that can be analyzed by Sample Design and •Probability •Non-probability
Size •Large sample •Purposive
statistical methods.
•Small sample
Research Design •Cross-sectional or •Longitudinal
❖ The observation can directly numeric information longitudinal •Multi-method
or can be classified into numeric variables. •Single method

Lecture ❖Distinction
3 between Qualitative & Quantitative Lecture ❖Distinction
3 between Qualitative & Quantitative
Topic Quantitative Qualitative Topic Quantitative Qualitative
Research Design •Cross-sectional or •Longitudinal Turnaround •May be time- •Shorter
longitudinal •Multi-method consuming turnaround possible
•Single method •Insight development •Insight
Data Type and •Verbal descriptions •Verbal or pictorial follows data entry development
Preparation •Reduced to numeric •Reduced to verbal ongoing
codes codes
Data Analysis •Computerized analysis •Nonquantitative;
•Facts distinguished human
•Emphasis on counts •Judgment mixed
with fact
•Emphasis on
themes

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
❖ Purpose of a study ❖ Purpose of a study
➢ Exploration : ➢Prediction :
Explore a new topic or issue in order to
learn about it. Predict a situation or the future
➢ Description : behaviour of a phenomenon
Describe a phenomenon. (how it happen? ➢Control:

Who is involved?)
➢ Explanation: Control that situation or the future
Explain why things are the way they are. behaviour

Lecture 3 ❖ Purpose of a study an example Lecture 3

❖ Purpose of a study an example
Based on the Which body
An apple filed Explanation will fail Prediction
down from a Description. understanding down to the
and
tree. earth faster
Interpretation
the 10kg
body or the
Control 20kg one
Why the apple Explanation
filed down understanding How we can keep an
from the tree? and aircraft flying and
Interpretation not falling down
21 Research Methods2023 Intake 1
Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim. Alsayaghi 22 Research Methods2023 Intake 1 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim. Alsayaghi

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
❖ Purpose of a study Cont.. ❖ Purpose of a study Cont..
Exploratory Descriptive Explanatory Exploratory Descriptive Explanatory
Become Provide a Test theory’s Formulate and Create a set of Extend a
familiar with detailed highly predications or focus questions categories or theory to new
the basic facts, accurate principle for future classify types, issues or topics
setting , and picture, research
concerns, Generate new Clarify a Support or
Create a Locate new Elaborate and ideas, sequence of refute an
general mental data that enrich theory’s conjectures or steps or stages explanation or
picture of contradict past explanation hypotheses prediction
conditions. data

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
❖ Time dimension in research
❖ Time dimension in research
➢ Cross – Sectional Research Income In 1000s YR
Examine a single point in time or take a 2003 2004 2005 2006
one time snapshot approach
Longitudinal
Sana'a 435 460 475 490
Aden 320 345 375 395
➢ Longitudinal Research:
Almokla 405 390 410 395
Dhamar 260 270 285 280
Examine feature of people or other units at
more than one time Cross – Sectional
Time series

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
❖ Types of Longitudinal Research ❖ Case studies:
✓ Time series study:
Observe stability or change over time. Examining in depth, many features of
✓ Panel study: a few cases over duration of time with
Observing exactly the same people group, or very detailed varied and extensive
organization across multiple time points.
data, often in a qualitative form.
✓ Cohort study :
Focuses on a category of people who share a
similar life experience in a specified time period.

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
 What is the literature?
❖Scientific Research Steps
 The works researcher consulted in order to
understand and investigate the research
problem.
 Literature Review
What are the sources for the literature review?
Books Journal articles Theses and dissertations
 What , Why and How? Internet (electronic journals) Newspapers
Government and corporate reports
Conference proceedings
Magazines CD-ROM

Lecture 3
 What is the literature Review ? Lecture 3
❖ The Literature Review is NOT…
❑A literature review is an account of what has ✓ Literature Review in NOT Just a
been published on a topic by accredited scholars descriptive list of the material available, or a
and researchers. and what their strengths and set of summaries.
weaknesses are. ✓Literature Review in NOT A study-by-study,
❑ A literature review is a critical look at the or article-by-article, description of studies
existing research that is significant to the work previously done.
that researcher is carrying out; ✓Literature Review in NOT A re-statement of
the studies previously done.
❑ A literature Review is Research about
research. ✓Literature Review in NOT A brief
overview of articles.

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
➢Literature Review Literature Review….. Why?
❑ Although it is a kind of summary , ❖It is wise to learn from your own mistakes, but
But is not just a summary of other people's work it is shrewd to learn from other people’s
mistakes.
❑ Snice this summary should include :,
It is necessary to acknowledge important
1. Evaluation of this work, research in the field.
2. The relationships between different works, ❖Developing Point of Departure (POD) :
3. How it relates to the researcher work. involves Literature Review at every phase of
research.
4. A deep look at what work has already been
done in the research area ❖Frames and guides research.

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
 Literature Review….. Why?  Literature Review….. Why?
✓To outline existing knowledge in the field of
the current research. ✓ To position the current study in the
context of previous research;
✓To evaluate existing research relevant to the
field of the current research. ✓To express views about the topic;
✓To identify research methods relevant to the
current study.
✓To indicate how the topic is to be
✓To identify gaps in the research. investigated.
✓To Identify more appropriate research
methods.

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
 Literature Review
Stages of Literature Review
➢A literature review must do these things:
a) be organized around and related directly to Source of slides from 40 to 47
the thesis or research question you are
developing. Kathleen Liston, “Literature Review Methods :Point of
Departure
b) synthesize results into a summary of
what is and is not known.
c) identify areas of controversy in the literature. https://web.stanford.edu/class/cee320/CEE320A/POD.
pdf
d) formulate questions that need further
research.

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
 Stages of Literature Review in scientific Research
Initial Literature Review
✓Where and When to Begin Do it early Start with • Meetings
❑ Interest
questions at every
• Groups
stage, ❑ Curiosity
Initial • Technologies
Literature
Review Lead to Broad: , ❖ Who is doing research around
Exploratory
general questions to teams using technologies
Literature Focused
Review Literature Frame initial Review
Review ❖ Where is research going on?
❖Approaches to group technology

Refined Literature Review
research

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
Exploratory Literature review
Initial Literature Review
• Topics Use Information Artifacts
• Observe Teams
➢What examples of observation and analysis of Questions
Analyze Activities
• Methods
teams exist? Metrics? Models?
➢What examples of observation
➢Do any look explicitly at use of information and analysis of teams exist?
artifacts? Lead to Metrics? Models?
Questions to
frame ➢Do any look explicitly at use of
➢What research methods do they use? information artifacts?
exploratory
review ➢What research methods do they use?
➢What framework exists to observe/analysis ➢What framework exists to
teams? observe/analysis teams?

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
Exploratory Literature review (2) Focused Literature Review
o Identify topic areas Observation Methods / ✓ Map questions,
o Search read , Highlight Metrics: Coding, • Research
✓ Proposed Contributions to Framework /
o Outline, Summarize Satisfaction
Attainment, Groups tasks / review Model to POD
o More questions
models ✓ Discuss Scope of Research • Typology to POD
o What is Language / Action, Task Circumplex, IPO in Context of Point of • Coding Methods
applied groups? Theories
o What is performance ? Departure (POD) and Analysis to
What is a good meeting? ✓ Organize , Structure of PDO
o What is value – add? POD
• Language / Action,
o What is difference between
task, acts, activities?
Speech Acts • Why is Your proposed framework is
• Lean, Production Theory different from existing >> Compare
• Grounding • What models you are building on and why?
• Information Theory
• Which ones don’t apply?

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
Review of Literature (previous studies)
Focused Literature Review
➢ The analytical review of the previous studies covers
the following aspects:
❖ Present POD
❖ Key Findings Title of the study, author's name, the year in which the
❖ Analysis study was published and Objectives of the study
❖ Limitations Addressed in your research
❖, The methodology of the study including :
determining the methodology , methods, population
For more details and examples for the stages of litterer and sample size, sampling method, data collection
review see , Kathleen Liston, Ibid p 28 tool and the method of analysis of the data used in
the study.

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
Review of Literature (previous studies) References
Elements of the analytical review in previous studies • (Chambers 20th Century Dictionary)
➢ The most important findings of the study and the (The Concise Oxford Dictionary)
most important recommendations of the study Welman and others ”Research Methodology”;
❖The researcher's comments on these studies Oxford Southern University Press, Third
Edition, 2005.
❖ Similarities and differences between those studies
Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary ,
and the current study of the researcher.
Merriam – Webster INC. Massachusetts,
❖ How the researcher benefited from these studies. USA.1985
❖ It may be useful to summarize these studies in the Kuhn T. S. “The Structure of scientific Research
form of a table that includes all the elements referred to
for each of the previous studies.
“ ; 3ed edition Chichago University Press 1996 :
Lakatos; 1978]

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
References 2
Lakatos I. “The Methodology of Scientific
Research Prorgramme ; 1078]
David Nachmias and Chava Nachmias ,” Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie “ Research
Research Methods in the social Sciences,” Methods : A Skill Building Approach
St. Martin’s Press , New York.
Source :ISYS3015 Analytical Methods for IS
Professionals School of IT, The University of
Sydney

Lecture 3 Lecture 3
❖ Types of Researches
Why?
❖ Research Problem
‫وفقنا هللا جميعا‬

52
Data Methods
Research Problem “dominate the Design.
Data and methods are to be selected so that the
51 Research Methods2023 Intake 1 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim. Alsayaghi 52
research questions
Research Methods2023
can be
Intake 1
answered
Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim. Alsayaghi

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Research Methods/lec3/ Researche

‫بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم‬

Research Methods 2023 Words to remember

1 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

2 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

1. Type of 2. Type of Basic research Applied Research

3 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

Case studies Cross – Sectional

4 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

1. Type of Research According to The use of the

✓ Some Details Basic research Applied Research

5 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

6 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

7 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

Lecture 3 ❖Distinction between Qualitative & Quantitative

8 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

9 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

Describe a phenomenon. (how it happen? ➢Control:

10 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

Lecture 3 ❖ Purpose of a study an example Lecture 3

11 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

12 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

13 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

14 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

15 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

16 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

17 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

18 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

19 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

❖Approaches to group technology

20 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

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24 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

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‫وفقنا هللا جميعا‬

26 Prof. Abdulkarim Kassim Alsayaghi 2023

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