Gypsum board and ceiling installation

Tiling:
1. than we should plan the layout of our tiles to avoid small or awkward cuts at the edges
of the area. It's common to start tiling in the center and work outward. (Tiling plan)

2. Materials used in tiling: Get the necessary materials, including tiles, adhesive (mortar),
grout(rawbe), spacers,a tile cutter, a notched trowel, a rubber mallet, and a grout float
3. Lay down a plastic sheet. As a moisture barrier to prevent water from seeping into
the floor

4. Spread a thin layer of sand over the plastic sheet to create a more stable base

5. Start from the Center of the axe we’re taking (in the bathroom we take the center of
the sink and the toilet seat): Find the center of the axe and apply a small amount of
adhesive and set the first tile at the intersection of the axes

6. Place Tiles: Press tiles into the adhesive, using spacers to maintain consistent gaps.
Work in sections.

7. Cut Tiles: When we reach the edges of the room, we might need to cut tiles. Using a
tile cutter to make straight cuts.
8. Allow Adhesive to Set
9. Remove Spacers: Once the adhesive is dry, we can remove the spacers carefully.
10. Apply Grout and use a grout float to apply grout over the tiles, pressing it into the
gaps. After the grout is completely dry, we clean excess Grout

Installation of aluminum openings

Installation of skirting tiles (baseboard tiles) (naale):

 For larger tiles:
1. Flattening the surface to make a flat base for the tiles to prevent any
problems.(screed)

Lippage Prevention: Reduces the risk of

uneven tile edges (lippage) for a smooth,
uniform surface.
Subfloor Correction: Corrects subfloor
irregularities to ensure tiles lay flat and even.
Optimal Adhesive Coverage: Ensures proper
adhesive coverage on the back of larger tiles
for strong bonding.
Reducing Tile Flex: Minimizes the risk of tile
breakage due to substrate unevenness or
flexing.
Aesthetic Appeal: Enhances the visual appeal
of larger tiles by creating a level and polished
finish.
Efficiency: Maximizes the use of expensive
larger tiles and minimizes waste.

2. put a guide threat for the tiles in the extremities to make sure the tiles are aligned

3. wetting the screed

Wetting the screed just before laying tiles is done

to:

• Prevent rapid moisture absorption,

allowing for proper adhesive curing.
• Enhance tile adhesive bond strength.
• Reduce dust and debris on the substrate
for a cleaner installation.
• Minimize tile slippage during placement.
• Improve workability of the adhesive and
tiles.
• Decrease the risk of adhesive shrinkage
cracks.
• Ensure a consistent and reliable tile
installation.
4. Pour a mix of cement sand and water that works as a glue
5. Place the tiles and check the horizontal alignment using a level. use
spacers(3mm)for the grout mix
 Vocabulary
1. CMU: (interior and exterior): Concrete masonry unit

2. FFL: Finished Floor Level

3. FCL: Finished ceiling level

4. AD/R21: aluminum door with its code

5. AW/R26: aluminum window with its code

6. SSL:

7. +VAR:
 8. S.S:

Steps of Constructing stairs:

- Build Formwork:

- Formwork is used to shape and contain the wet concrete until it sets.
- Construct the formwork using plywood or other suitable materials, following the design
and measurements.
- Ensure the formwork is sturdy and well-supported.

1. Install Reinforcement:

- Place rebar within the formwork to reinforce the concrete and prevent cracking.
- Securely tie the rebar together to create a strong framework.
 2. Mix and Pour Concrete:
- Pour the concrete into the formwork, starting from the bottom step and working
upwards.
- Use a shovel to evenly distribute the concrete.

3. Level and Finish:

- Use a screed (a straight edge) to level the concrete surface on each step.
- Use a float or trowel to smooth and finish the surface of the concrete, creating a uniform
texture.
4. Cure the Concrete:
- Allow the concrete to cure for the recommended time, usually a few days.
 5. Remove Formwork:
- Once the concrete has cured sufficiently, carefully remove the formwork.

6. Apply Finishing Touches:

- Check the stairs for any rough or uneven surfaces and use a grinder to smooth them out
if necessary.
 Stairs section:

Notes:
What is the difference between concrete and cement?
Cement is a component of concrete made of finely ground materials that harden when mixed
with water and acts like glue in concrete.
Concrete is a composite material made by mixing cement with aggregates (such as sand, gravel,
or crushed stone) and water. When these components are combined, a chemical reaction
occurs, causing the mixture to harden over time. This results in a strong and durable material
that is commonly used in construction for building foundations, roads, bridges, and more…

1. Why column needs reinforcement?

compression

tension

shear

Concrete is strong when compressed but weak when stretched. To reinforce its tensile strength, we add
steel rebars that are strong in tension. This combination of concrete's compression strength and steel's
tensile strength makes columns more robust, preventing cracking, bending, and failure due to various
loads and forces.