by

Dr. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta

Superior University
Lahore
Pakistan
Lahore
DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Pakistan
Lahore, 1-2-.2010
 Calculate the final temperature (tf), when 100 g iron at 80˚ C is
tossed into 53.5 g of water at 25˚ C.

Data: c = 0.452 J/g ˚C for iron and 4.186 J/g ˚C for water
Heat lost by iron = Heat gained by water
(m c ΔT)iron = (m c ΔT)water
Let the final temperature = Tf
(100 g) (0.452 J/g ˚C)(80 - Tf) ˚C
= (53.5 g) (4.186 J/g ˚C)(Tf - 25) ˚C
80 - tf = 4.955 (tf -25)
tf = 34.2 ˚C

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan

 Latent Heat
Latent heat is associated with phase change of matter. Heat
required to change the phase of the matter . In this process
the temperature is not changed.

Latent heat is the amount of heat added per unit mass of

substance during a phase change.

Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat added to melt a unit

mass of ice OR it is the amount of heat removed to freeze a
unit mass of water.

Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat added to

vaporize a unit mass of water OR it is the amount of heat
removed to condense a unit mass of steam.
DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan
 Latent Heat
• Heat required to add for phase changes:
» Melting: solid liquid
» Vaporization: liquid vapour/gas
» Sublimation: solid vapour/gas
• Heat released by phase changes:
» Condensation: vapour liquid
» Fusion: liquid solid
» Deposition: vapour solid

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan

 • Dry ice (-78.5 degrees C). Dry ice also has
the very nice feature of sublimation -- as it
breaks down, it turns directly into carbon
dioxide gas rather than a liquid.,
• Naphthalene balls
They directly converts from solid to gas
without becoming liquid
• Hot spray paint .Dries from gas to solid
• In extreme cold weather steam vapors direct
freeze
DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan
 Water:
Specific Heat Capacities and Latent Heats

Specific heat of ice ≈ 2.06 J/g K (assumed constant)

Heat of fusion for ice/water ≈ 334 J/g (assumed constant)

Specific heat of water ≈ 4.18 J/g K (assumed constant)

In actual Conditions Latent heat of vaporization cannot be

assumed a constant since it changes significantly with the
pressure,

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan

 Warming of water
What is the amount of heat required to change 2 kg of ice
at -20 ˚C to water at 100 ˚C ?

Specific heat required to raise the temperature of ice from

-20˚C to 0˚C
= (2 kg) (2.06 kJ/kg ˚C) [0 - (-20)]˚C = 82.4 kJ
Latent heat required to turn ice into water at 0 ˚C
= (2 kg) (334 kJ/kg) = 668 kJ
Specific heat required to raise the temperature of water from
0 ˚C to 100 ˚C
= (2 kg) (4.18 kJ/kg ˚C) [100 - 0]˚C = 836 kJ

Total amount of heat energy required = 82.4+668+836 =1586.4 KJ

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan
 Mid term Assignment

• Newton's law of cooling

• forced convection heat transfer

5 to 10 pages Submission next class

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan

 Thank You

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan