What is horizontal axial wind turbine.

(Working)
A horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is a type of wind turbine in which the axis of rotation is parallel
to the ground. HAWTs are the most common type of wind turbine used for large-scale electricity
generation. They typically have three blades that resemble airplane propellers, although some may
have two or one blades.

HAWTs work by converting the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy, which is then
converted into electrical energy by a generator. The blades of a HAWT are aerodynamically designed
to capture the wind and rotate the rotor. The rotor is connected to a shaft that drives the generator.

HAWTs are typically mounted on tall towers to reach higher wind speeds. The towers also help to keep
the blades away from obstacles on the ground. HAWTs are typically located in areas with strong,
consistent winds, such as offshore or in mountainous areas.

components

• Rotor: The rotor is the assembly of blades and hub that rotates to capture the wind energy.
• Nacelle: The nacelle is the housing that contains the generator, gearbox, and other mechanical
and electrical components.
• Tower: The tower supports the nacelle and rotor.
• Yaw system: The yaw system rotates the nacelle to keep the rotor facing into the wind.
• Generator: Generator is converting Meacnical Energy of Gearbox into Electrical Energy.

HAWTs play an important role in renewable energy generation. They are a clean and sustainable source
of electricity that can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Advantages

• They are more efficient and can generate more power from a given amount of wind.
• They are also more reliable and have a longer lifespan.

Disadvantages

• These are available in large size.

• Weight is high.
• We cannot move easily.
• Installation is difficult.
• High noise.
• To design this wind turbine, large machinery is needed.
• Its maintenance is difficult as compared to other wind turbines.

Applications

The applications of horizontal axis wind turbines include the following.

• These are the most frequently used wind turbines for commercial and industrial purposes due
to their large power output and high efficiency.
• These are mostly used in wind farms.
• Horizontal axis wind turbines achieve better power output & higher energy efficiency, so used
in large-scale wind power plants & also for electricity generation.
• In industrial plants, large-scale wind farms, or national projects, these wind turbines are most
frequently seen. So they are the perfect solution for the production of mass electricity.
What is Vertical axial wind turbine. (working)

A vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is a type of wind turbine in which the axis of rotation is
perpendicular to the ground. VAWTs are less common than horizontal axis wind turbines
(HAWTs), but they have a number of advantages, including:

• They can generate power from wind from any direction, so they do not need to be
pointed into the wind.
• They can be installed in areas with turbulent winds, such as urban areas and forests.
• They are quieter than HAWTs.
• They have fewer moving parts, which makes them more reliable and easier to
maintain.

VAWTs work by converting the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy, which is then
converted into electrical energy by a generator. The blades of a VAWT are aerodynamically
designed to capture the wind and rotate the rotor. The rotor is connected to a shaft that drives
the generator.

There are two main types of VAWTs :- Savonius and Darrieus. Savonius VAWTs have a simple
design with two or three curved blades that resemble a scoop. Darrieus VAWTs have two or
three straight blades that are attached to a vertical shaft.

Savonius VAWTs are less efficient than Darrieus VAWTs, but they are simpler to build and
maintain. Darrieus VAWTs are more efficient, but they are more complex and can be noisy.

VAWTs are still under development, but they have the potential to play a significant role in
renewable energy generation. They are particularly well-suited for use in urban areas and
other areas with turbulent winds.

VAWTs are a promising technology for renewable energy generation. They have a number of
advantages over HAWTs, and they are still under development. As VAWT technology continues
to improve, they are likely to become more widely used in a variety of applications.
Advantages

• Safety for manpower.

• Scalability.
• They can generate electricity in any direction of the wind.
• It doesn’t require a strong supporting tower because the gearbox, generator & other
components are arranged on the ground.
• As compared to horizontal axis turbines, these are cheaper to design.
• Installation is easy as compared to other types.
• These are designed with fewer speed blades to reduce the risk to birds & people.
• They work in all weather conditions like variable winds & mountain conditions.
• These are allowable where taller structures are not allowed.
• Its operation is simple so they don’t bother people in residential areas.
• These turbines can be arranged close to the earth so that maintenance, the cost for
construction can be reduced.
• To operate these turbines, we don’t require any mechanisms.
• You can use the wind turbine where tall structures are not allowed.
• These are economical, quiet, efficient & ideal for residential energy sources,
particularly in urban areas.

Disadvantages

The disadvantages of a vertical axis wind turbine include the following.

• As compared to HAWT, the efficiency level will be decreased because of the drag
that happens in the blades when they rotate.
• These are very hard to arrange on towers because they are connected on bases
like buildings or ground.
• The efficiency of rotation is low.
• Lower accessible wind speed.
• Component Wear-down.
• Low efficiency.
• Self-Starting mechanism.
• Some animals or birds may interrupt its rotation because it is arranged in an open
area.
• They have high vibration due to the flow of air close to the ground makes the
turbulent flow
• They produce noise pollution
Applications

The applications of a vertical axis wind turbine include the following.

• Used in small wind projects
• Used in residential applications
• These turbines are used to generate power even in not stable weather conditions
like gusty wind & turbulence.
what is the main application of biogasses
Biogas is a renewable energy source that can be used for a variety of applications, including:

• Cooking: Biogas can be used to cook food in the same way as natural gas. It is a clean
and efficient fuel that can help to reduce indoor air pollution.
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generate hot water for showers, baths, and other purposes.
• Electricity generation: Biogas can be used to generate electricity in small-scale or
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to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Transportation: Biogas can be used to fuel vehicles, such as buses, trucks, and cars. It
is a clean and renewable fuel that can help to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
• Fertilizer production: The byproduct of biogas production, called digestate, is a
nutrient-rich fertilizer that can be used to improve crop yields.

Biogas is a versatile and sustainable energy source that can be used for a variety of
applications in homes, businesses, and communities. It is a clean and renewable alternative to
fossil fuels that can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality.