INTRODUCTION

This book consist of collection of some courses past questions. Courses include
GES101, GES107, Philosophy, Classics, Law and Political science. The past
questions are put together to enable Students prepare adequately for tests and
examinations.
Compiled by

SAMUEL A. DANIEL
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

DAAS PUBLISHING LIMITED.

PECDAS, IKORODU LAGOS.
TELL: 08150812435, 08179030105

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
GES Past questions ____________________
PHILOSOPHY Past questions ___________
CLASSICS Past questions_______________
LAW Past questions ____________________
POLITICAL SCIENCE Past questions_____

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 YOUNG SCHOLARS QUOTES
Others may have failed yesterday, its doesn't mean you will fail today, work harder, have
faith in God, move on and achieve greatness because you are different.
(Samuel D, 2015).

Fellow Intellectuals, Reformation is not just about Reforming. It is also a way of

Restoring Positivity and accountability.
(Gabriel, 2016)

Don't take for granted, a gentleman gentleness, it is no foolishness but consists of

Wisdom for the realization of greatness.
(Samuel D, 2016)

Work hard, Pray hard, Believe in yourself and you would come out outstanding.
(Boluwatife B, 2016)

People who live by others opinions cannot make a meaningful and useful suggestions.....
( Kingsley A, 2016)

The purpose is progress and the agenda is pragmatic.

(Fadil B, 2016)

Privatization of your ''common sense" would only resource your own self, it does not
provide a source for changes neither does it enhance the general Interest.
(Kingsley A, 2016)

It is not the fallings of a man that matters in his life, but the ability to rise and move on
with his life after every fall.
( Samuel D, 2016)

We are living legends, we break obstacles and build bridges through it.
(Samuel D, 2016)

Never let anyone to deceive you, you can make it, never think of giving up at any point,
just keep moving on and on, until you get there.
(Samuel D, 2016)

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 GES 107
FIRST SEMESTER. 60 MARKS
Answer all questions. CA-01 (23rd May, 2015)

NAME:_______________________ MATRIC NO: ____________________

DEPARTMENT:_______________________________

SECTION ONE
1. Health is dynamic. Briefly explain (2marks)_________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are complex sugars? (2marks) ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. List three of your responsibilities in nutrition (3marks) a.____________________________
b.________________________________________________ c.___________________________

4. Cross-match the following pathogens with the correct disease they cause (2marks)
a. Treponema pallidum. genital warts
b. Heamophilus ducreyi. Syphilis
c. Hapatitis B virus chancroid
d. Papiloma virus liver disease

5. List four examples of non-genital ulcer diseases (2marks) a. ________________________

b.___________________________ c.__________________________ d.______________________
6. STIs can be classified into (1mark) a. _____________________ b. ______________________
7. List 4 factors that influence adolescence and young people in risky behaviours
(4marks)
a. _________________________________________________
b.__________________________________________________
c.__________________________________________________
d .__________________________________________________

8. An adult needs 30 minutes of exercise daily. Briefly explain (3marks) _______________

_________________________________________________________________________________
9.Explain briefly how alcohol contributes to unwanted pregnancy (2marks) ____________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. What is menarche? (2marks) ____________________________________________________
11. What do you understand by uterine cycle? (3marks) ______________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
12. The reproductive system is the only system that is not vital for the survival of the
individual. Briefly explain (2marks) _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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13. Infections that can be vertically transmitted are (1mark) a. ________________________
b. _____________________________________________ c. _________________________________

14. What is a vector? (2marks) ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
15. Briefly explain viral droplet nuclei transmission. (2marks) _________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
16. A common route of disease transmission in developing countries is _______________

17. Briefly explain the chain of infection (6marks) ____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

18. List 4 functions of water in the body (2marks) a.__________________________________

b. _________________________________________ c. ____________________________________
d. ________________________________________________________________________________

19. The water soluble vitamins are ____________ and _______________________ (1mark)

20. Vitamin A exists in two dietary forms __________ and __________________ (1mark)

21. List three factors that influence host infectiousness for HIV (3marks) ______________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

22. The two stages of HIV testing are __________________ and ________________________

23. What is window period (3marks) _________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

24. List 8 symptoms of AIDS (4marks)a._____________ b.____________ c.________________

d._____________ e.____________ f. ____________ g._____________ h.___________________

25. List three ways by which HIV is transmitted (3marks)a. ___________________________

b._____________________________________ c. ______________________________________

SECTION B
Cycle the correct answer True (T) or False (F) (1mark each)

24. Cigarette alters the mood of people hence it is a psychoactive substance T or F

25. Estrogen causes the cervical mucus to become more viscous to prevent the embryo
from being attacked by pathogens migrating from the vagina T or F

5
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
GENERAL STUDIES PROGRAMME
GES 101: USE OF ENGLISH 1
SECOND SEMESTER 2014/2015 SESSION
CENTRAL TEST
NAME: MATRIC NO:
GROUP NUMBER: Duration:1Hour

1. Change the following structures to passive sentences:

a.Those boys were beating the lady.

_________________________________________________________________________
b. Our leaders have been deceiving us.
________________________________________________________________________
c. Arike has been watching the programme.
________________________________________________________________________
d. These students must have a name.
________________________________________________________________________
e. The man and the woman have been writing their memoirs.
________________________________________________________________________

2. Change each of the following structures to reported speech:

a. 'The man went there last month', noted Kate.

_______________________________________________________
b. 'Remain silent now,' the police ordered her.
_______________________________________________________
c. 'We came here to see this yesterday,' said Titi.
_______________________________________________________
d. 'The news was well read by Dotun,' commented Solomon.
_______________________________________________________
e. 'We have never had this kind of success in this place,' observed Santa.
______________________________________________________

3. Using structure/form as the parameter, classify the following sentences:

a. I saw this before it happened. __________________________________________

b. How can I forget such a wonderful lady like you? ________________________
c. Can this be you? ______________________________________________________
d. If I had known you would come,I would have left something for you.
_______________________________________________________________________
e. Come and eat if you so desire.__________________________________________
4. Indicate the name and function of each of the following underlined structures:

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 a. I prayed because of you
____________________________________________________________________
b. Who can help those who are weary?
____________________________________________________________________
c. They like manipulating people who are ignorant.
___________________________________________________________
d. The man said that he was happy because of the results.
____________________________________________________________
e. Having identified our weaknesses, we can now seek spiritual assistance.
_____________________________________________________________

5. In about 300 words, write an essay on "What I expect of the Muhammadu Buhari
administration in its first 100 days."

7
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
GENERAL STUDIES PROGRAMME
GES 101: USE OF ENGLISH 1
SECOND SEMESTER 2013/2014 SESSION
CENTRAL TEST

NAME: MATRIC NO.:

GROUP NUMBER: Duration: 1Hour
1.Change the following structures to passive sentences:

a. The teacher has been teaching our students.

b. He is reading a poem
c. Ayemiposi speaks good English.
d. I saw all of you ______________________________________________________________
e. She has sent the mail.________________________________________________________

2. Change each of the following structures to reported speech:

a. 'He has many things to say tomorrow,' noted the moderator.

_____________________________________________________________________________
b. 'Get rid of them now,' our captain ordered us.
______________________________________________________________________________
c. 'I went to Afghanistan last week,' said Paul.
______________________________________________________________________________
d. 'This Man is a good lecturer,' commented Seun.
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Using structure/form as the criterion, classify the following sentences:

a. It is you that I am singing and dancing for. _____________________________________

b. I sing because I'm free. _______________________________________________________
c. Your service is being recorded and you will be rewarded shortly in this place._____
d. In your name, we will go there in batches in the next season. ____________________
e. Arise, O compatriot.___________________________________________________________

4. Indicate the function of each of the underlined structures:

a. I have seen that you are greedy.___________________________________________

b. The two boys whose goats you killed are waiting outside.___________________
c. She likes worshipping God._______________________________________________
d. Keep it because of tomorrow. ____________________________________________
e. We, having discussed it with them, are sure of their support.________________

5. In about 300 words, write an essay on "How Effective the Opposition is in the Present

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Political Dispensation in Nigeria"

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 GES 107
1st SEMESTER
Total=62 MARKS CA-01(14th August, 2014)

NAME:________________________________________________ MATRIC NO. _______________

DEPARTMENT: ______________________________________________________________

1. What is health? (2marks) _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain two healthy behaviours. (4marks) a.___________________________________

b. __________________________________________________________________________

3. Explain what excess carbohydrate intake causes (2marks). ____________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Explain how hospital based infections are contracted? (3marks). _______________

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. List three functions of the female reproductive system (3marks) a. _____________

b. ____________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________

6. How can you prevent sickle cell disease? (2marks).

7. List 2 factors that contribute to the spread of HIV in Nigeria. (2marks)

8. List 4 benefits of comprehensive HIV counseling and testing (8marks)

9. What is post-exposure prophylaxis? (2marks)

10. What is Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy? (2marks).

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11.List and explain three criteria that a person with HIV must meet before starting
antiretroviral therapy? (6marks).

12. Explain environmental challenges facing youths (2marks)

13. List 3 core life skills (3marks) a. ________________ b. _____________________________

c. ____________________________________________
14. What are non-communicable diseases? (2marks).

15. List and explain 3 sources of drugs. (6marks)

16. What is a drug? (2marks)

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 GES 107
Answer all questions
NAME: MATRIC NO.
DEPARTMENT:
SECTION ONE

1. List and explain two ways of staying healthy.

a.

b.

2. List three ways by which HIV is transmitted.

a.
b.
c.

3. What are complex sugars ?

4. List four major types of infectious agents. Give two examples of each.
a.
b.
c.
d.

5. List three modes of transmission of infectious agents

a.
b.
c.

6. What is spermatogenesis?

7. What is puberty?

8. List three healthy behaviours.

a.
b.
c.

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9. What do you understand by AIDS?

10. List three factors influencing the spread of HIV.

a.
b.
c.

11. List two examples of conditions resulting from protein deficiency

a. _____________________________________ b. ____________________________________

12. Two hormones that regulate the ovarian cycle are :- a. _____________ b. ____________

13. What are opportunistic infections ? ______________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION TWO: is the following true or false

14. Health is the absence of disease or infirmity. True or False

15. An individual need 8hrs of sleep everyday. True or False

16. A young person is somebody who is between 10 - 34 True or False

17. The reproductive organ is too important, we cannot survive without it True or False

18. Health is dynamic, it is active and ever changing True or False

19. Antibiotics are very effective against fungal infection True or False

20. The body cannot store water and must have fresh supply of water everyday True
or False

13
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
FACULTY OF ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

B.A DEGREE EXAMINATION PHI 103: PHILOSOPHY OF VALUE

SECOND SEMESTER 2014/2015 ACADEMIC SESSION

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS, ONE FROM EACH SECTION

TIME ALLOWED: 2HRS, 30MIN.

SECTION A

1a. What are values? (5marks) (b). Define philosophy of value (5marks)

(c). Distinguish intrinsic from instrumental values (5marks)

(d). What is the difference between a value and a fact? (5marks)

(e). Identity the fundamental of all values and specify why it is the most fundamental.
(5marks)

2. Clarify the meaning of the following;

(a) Aesthetic Values (b) Moral Values (c) Economic Values (d) Particular Cultural Values

(e) Universal Values (5marks for each)

SECTION B

3. Define ethics and discuss five features of and judgment. (25marks)

4. Apart from moral codes, identify and discuss some other codes by which human
conduct is guided or regulated. (25marks)

SECTION C

5a. What is akrasia? (b). Attempt a critique of akrasia as a philosophical problem and
not a psychological problem. (25marks)

6a. Discuss critically some of the features of value judgment and factual judgment.
(25marks)

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 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
FACULTY OF ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
B.A. DEGREE EXAMINATION
SECOND SEMESTER 2015/2016 SESSION

PHI 103: PHILOSOPHY OF VALUE

INSTRUCTION: Answer Question One (compulsory) and Two Other
Questions making Three Questions in all.
Time allowed: 2 1/2 hrs.

1(a) Define Axiology. 5marks

(b) Clarify what values are. 5marks
(c) Discuss the distinction between Intrinsic and instrumental values. 5marks
(d) Explain any five classes of values. 15 marks

2 (a) Identify what cultural values are. 5 marks

(b) Critically discuss the distinction between universal and particular
Values. 5 marks

3(a) what is the goal of morality ? 5 marks

(b) Alongside morality there are other codes used to regulate human conduct.
Identify and discuss these other codes. 15 marks

4(a) What is value judgement? 5 marks

(b) Discuss the major distinctions between value judgment and factual judgment.
15 marks

5(a) Do you agree that moral or ethical terms and concepts like good, right, and bad
cannot be defined? Defend your position with any ethical perspective/doctrines.
20 marks

15
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

First Semester Examination, 2014/2015 Session

PHI 105: ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY

Instruction: Answer question one (compulsory) and any other 2 questions,
making three in all. Time: 2 1/2 hours

1. (a) Critically evaluate Plato's Ideal state as contained in the republic.

(b) Discuss Plato's theory of Universals or Forms. If you were Aristotle, how
would you react to Plato's theory of Universals or Forms?

2. On what grounds did Socrates reject the doctrine of the Sophists on Knowledge
and morality? Critically examine Socrates' position on knowledge and virtue.

3. Discuss the position of Heraclitus and Parmenides on change and permanence.

4. Discuss the position of Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes on the basic

constituents of reality. What did Empedocles say on 'Love and Strife' in relation
to the basic elements?

5. Discuss any two of the following: (a) Epicureanism (b) Aristotle's four causes
(c) Stoicism (d) Aristotle's Ethics

6. What is philosophy? State some of the reasons why the study of Ancient
Philosophy is important.

16
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

First Semester Examination, 2013/2014

PHI 105: ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY

Instruction: Answer question one (compulsory) and any other two questions,
making three in all. Time: 2 1/2 hours

1. Is change a reality or an illusion? Answer the question using as your

background the positions of Heraclitus and Parmenides on the phenomena of
Change, Being and permanence.

2. (a) Give a detailed account on the notion of Justice in Plato's Republic.

(b) Critically examine Aristotle's ethics with regard to happiness and moral
Virtue.

3. Explain the positions of Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes on the basic

constituents of reality. Which of these elements will you defend and why?

4.(a) Discuss Plato's theory of form or Universals and Aristotle's critique of

Plato's theory.
(b) Briefly discuss Aristotle's four causes.

5. Examine the postion of the Sophists on knowledge and morality. State

Socrates' reaction to the position of the SSophists, especially his belief that
'Knowledge is Virtue'.

6. Write short but critical notes on any two of the following (a) Stoicism
(b)Empedocles (c) The Atomists (d)Epicureanism (e) The important of
Ancient Philosophy.

17
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

First Semester Examination, 2012/2013 Session

PHI 105: Ancient Philosophy.

Instruction: Answer question one and any other two questions, making three
questions in all. Time: 2 1/2 hours

1a.State and explain five reasons why there is need to study Ancient Philosophy.
1b.State the arguments of Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes on the basic
constituents of reality. Which of these elements will you take to be most
superior and why?

2. Is change a reality or an illusion? Answer the question using as your

background the positions of Heraclitus and Parmenides on the phenomena of
Being and permanence.
3a.Explain the position of Pythagoras on numbers and metaphysics.
3b.State the arguments of Zeno and his disciples on motion, change and
Pluralism.

4a. Critically examine the notion of Justice in Plato's Republic.

4b. Discuss Plato's theory of ideas or forms and criticize it.

5.Write a short but critical note on any two of the following:

a. Epicureanism b. Stoicism c. Cynicism d. Plotinus.

6. Discuss any two of the following:

a. Socrates' reaction to Sophists' moral relativism.
b. Aristotle on happiness and moral virtue.
c. Aristotle on four causes.

18
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2015/2016 SESSION

PHI 105: ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY

Instruction: Answer any three questions in All. Time: 2 1/2 hours

1. Critically examine the contributions of Heraclitus and Parmenides to the

doctrine of Change and Permanence. How would Pythagoras and Zeno react to
change, motion and permanence ?

2.(a) Describe the major functions of the three main classes in Plato's Republic.
especially in the attainment of a just society.

(b) Compare and contrast Plato and Aristotle's views on Universals.

3. Why did Socrates reject the moral relativism of the Sophists? Explain how the method
Of dialectics was used by Socrates to attain universal or objective ethical
judgements.

4. Critically evaluate the contributions of Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes and

Anaxagoras; to the debate on the ultimate reality.

5. With some historical background, discuss the contributions of Aristotle to the

metaphysical issue of Cause and Ethics.

6.Write a short but critical note on any two of the following:

(a) The important of Ancient philosophy.

(b) Stoicism.
(c) Epicureanism.
(d) Empedocles on Love and Strife.

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 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

2014/2015 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS

PHI 101: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY

Instruction: Answer any three question Time: 2 1/2 hrs.

1. We have misconceptions about Philosophy because we have taken the universe for
granted. Discuss.

2. If there is a National Institute for Philosophy and Philosophical research, what

benefits do you think it will achieve for Nigeria?

3. In what sense can we say that developing a worldview is just one condition for
living a meaningful life?

4. Beginning with what you consider your own proper definition of philosophy.
Identify three critical insights you have taken away from the "Introduction to
Philosophy" class.

5. What is scepticism? In what sense can human beings benefit from a sceptical
attitude?

6. What is metaphysics as a branch of philosophy?

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 DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
2015/2016 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS

PHI 101: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY

Instruction: Answer any three question Time: 2 1/2 hours.

1. Discuss philosophy from the following perspectives:

(i) Philosophy as a Worldview

(ii) Philosophy as a Body of Knowledge

(iii) Philosophy as a Critical Activity.

2. Discuss the major concerns of epistemology. Attempt an examination of the two

major theories of knowledge you know.

3. What is the major concern of metaphysics as a branch of philosophy? How would

you represent the two theories of reality you have studied?

4. How ought we to behave? Justify your position from either a teleological or

deontologocal perspective?

5. Define logic, and write short notes on (I) inductive and (ii) deductive logic.

6. Write short but critical notes on any two of the following:

(I) Second - Other philosophy
(ii) First -Other philosophy
(iii) Normative and Descriptive approaches
(iv) Analytical and Synthetic Statements
(v) Necessary and Contingent realities.

21
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
1ST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2014/2015 SESSION
PHI 102: ARGUMENTS AND CRITICAL THINKING
TIME: 2 1/2 HRS

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

SECTION A
Identify the premise(s) and the conclusion in each of the following arguments:

1. The earth has a spherical shape. For the night sky looks different in the northern
and southern parts of the earth, and that would be the case if the earth were
spherical in shape.
2. From infancy, almost the average girl is told that marriage is her ultimate goal;
therefore, her training and education must be directed towards that end. Like the
mute beast fattened for slaughter, she is prepared for that.
3. One of woman's most natural attributes is the care of children. In fact, it is
correct to say that groups in which men, rather than women, nurture small
children are altogether exceptional. Since the weak and the infirm resemble
children in many ways, being not merely physically weak and helpless but also
psychologically dependent and narcissistically regressed, it was fairly easy to
assume that women are also especially qualified to care for the sick.
4. People who pirate music from the internet are cutting their own throats. By
cheating recording artistes out of their royalties, these pirates are driving the
artistes out of business. If the artistes go out of business, there will be no more
music.

(12 marks)

SECTION B
Indicate which of the following arguments are valid or invalid:

5. All terrestrial being live on earth.

All humans are terrestrial beings.
Therefore all humans live on earth.

6. All arachnids have wings.

All scorpions have wings.
Therefore all arachnids are scorpions.

7. All arachnids have wings.

All scorpions have wings.

22
 Therefore all scorpions are arachnids.
8. All university graduates are lawyers.
All lawyers are soothsayers.
Therefore, all university graduates are soothsayers.
(12 marks)

SECTION C
Give the name of the valid argument-form represented by each of the
following:

9. If the sun is a variable star, then its energy will drop drastically at some points
in the future. If the Sun's energy drop drastically at some point in the future, then
the earth will become a giant ice ball. Therefore, if the sun is a variable star, then,
the earth will become a giant ice ball.

10. The weather is warm and the sky is clear if we go swimming. We go swimming.
Therefore, the weather is warm and the sky is clear.

11. Ed wins first prize and Fred wins second prize. Therefore Fred wins second
prize

12.If Alice is elected class president then either Betty is elected vice President
or Carol is elected treasurer.If either Betty is elected vice President or Carol is
elected treasurer then Kwame will be made the chairman.Therefore if Alice is
elected class president then Kwame will be made the chairman.

13. If Ed wins first prize then Fred wins second prize and if James wins third prize
then George is disappointed. Either Ed wins first prize or James wins third prize.
Therefore either Fred wins second prize or George is disappointed.

(15 marks)

SECTION D
Indicate which of the following statements are true or false.
14. A proposition does not have the quality or property of being false.
15. An inductive inference succeeds only if its premises provide such absolute
and complete support for its conclusion that it would be utterly inconsistent
to suppose that the premises are true but the conclusion false.
16. A bi-conditional is referred to variously as "hypothetical" or "imperative"
statement.
17. Argumentum ad ignoratiam is a mode of argument commonly used to
argue against the existence of witches, spirits, and other forms of
'extraordinary' phenomena".
18. Ostensive definition applies to the formulation of an idea or belief about

23
 something arrived at through speculation or conjecture.
SECTION E
Identify the fallacy involved in each of the following arguments:

19. No breath of scandal has touched the State Governor. He must therefore, be
incorruptibly honest.
20. ...since it is impossible for an animal or plant to be indefinitely big or small,
neither can its parts be such, or the whole will be the same.
21....we must accept the traditions of the men of old time who affirmed
themselves to be the offspring of the gods- that is what they say - and
they must surely have known their own ancestors. How can we doubt the
word of the children of the gods?
22. My client is the sole support of his aged parents. If he is sent to prison it
will break their hearts, and they will be left homeless and penniless. You
surely cannot find it in your hearts to reach any other verdict than "not guilty"!
23. All phenomena in the universe are saturated with moral values. Therefore, we
can come to assert that the universe is a moral universe.

(15 marks)

SECTION F
24. (a) Give four reasons why terms are introduced by stipulation.
(b) State one central difference between lexical and stipulative definitions.
25. Give three examples involving precising definitions.
26. state one purpose of ostensive definitions.
27. Which of the definitions often change with increase in knowledge about some
subject matters?
28. State at least one rule that is violated in each of the following definitions:
(i) Man is "a being that moves about in search of food, water and shelter"
(ii) Alteration is "combination of contradictorily opposed determinations in the
existence of one and the same thing."
(iii) cause means "something that produces an effect."
(iv) Man is "featherless biped".
(v) Net is "anything reticulated or decussation at equal distances with interstices
between the intersections".

(15 marks)

SECTION G
Provide an answer to each of the following exercises in reasoning:

29. Peter Winch, Peter Witch, John Thomas and Johnny Thomas are all lecturers
in the same university. One is a specialist in Philosophy, one a specialist in
Mathematics, one a law specialist and one a Medical scientist, though not

24
 necessarily in that order.The following facts are known about them:
(a) Peter Winch and John Thomas once had an argument with the Law
specialist.
(b) Peter Witch and the Medical scientist have been to the house of the
Mathematician.
(c) The Medical scientist who once treated John Thomas in his private clinic is
also having an appointment with Peter Winch.
(d) Peter Winch has never seen Johnny Thomas before.

What is each man's area of specialization?

30. Dan -Thomas, Dan Thomas, Suomaila and Soumaila are representative artists of
great talent. One is a dancer, one a painter, one a singer and one a writer, though
not necessarily in that order. The following facts are known about them:
(a) Dan-Thomas and Suomaila were in the audience the night the singer made his
debut on the concert stage.
(b) Both Dan Thomas and the writer have had their portraits painted from life
by the painter.
(c) The writer, whose biography of Soumaila was a bestseller, is planning to
write a biography of Dan-Thomas.
(d) Dan-Thomas has never heard of Suomaila.

What is each man's artistic field?

(16 marks)

25
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
1ST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2015/2016 SESSION
PHI 102: ARGUMENTS AND CRITICAL THINKING
TIME: 2 1/2 HRS

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

SECTION A

Identify the premise(s) and conclusion in each of the following arguments:

1. Inasmuch as man is created first, man should be the master of all creatures.
2. Put off they shoe from thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground.
3. For what science can't know, mankind can't know. All knowledge comes from science.
4.Corrupt politicians should be banned from holding public offices. After all, statistics
has shown that corrupt politicians who hold public offices are responsible for our
economic problems.
5.Since it turns out that all humans are descended from a small number of African
ancestors in our recent evolutionary past, believing in profound differences
between the races is as ridiculous as believing in a flat earth
(10 marks)

SECTION B
Give the name of the valid argument-form represented by each of the following:
6. If the sun rises then the weather is hot and if there is earthquake then there will be
flood. Either the weather is not hot or there will be no flood. Therefore, either the
sun does not rise or there is no earthquake.
7. If drunkenness were the cause of the accident, some trace of alcohol would have
been found. After careful investigation, no trace of alcohol was found. Hence,
drunkenness was not the cause of the accident.
8. If Ed wins first prize then Fred wins second prize and if James wins third prize
then George is disappointed. Either Ed wins the first prize or James wins third
prize. Therefore either Fred wins second prize or George is disppointed.

9. You are either a teacher or a morgue attendant. You are not a morgue attendant.
Therefore, you are a teacher.

10. Either the wealthiest people are the happiest, or it is not the case that money can
by everything. The wealthiest people are not the happiest. Therefore, money can
not buy everything.
(10 marks)
SECTION C
Identify each of the following arguments by stating whether it is deductive or
inductive.

26
11. Kennedy was an orator and was a good leader. Churchill was an orator and was a
good leader. Babagida was an orator. Therefore, Babagida will probably be a
good leader.
12.Hunting, particularly the hunting of large animals, is so complicated, difficult and
hazardous that the cooperation of numerous individuals are needed. It can be
inferred, therefore, that Peking man was more likely to have been living in a group
than in solitude when he began to hunt deer.
13. The cow have kidneys and have lungs. All horse have kidneys and have lungs.
All human beings have kidneys and have lungs. Therefore, all animals with
kidneys have lungs.
14. In order to study in the United Kingdom, you have to develop yourself in the field
of philosophy, and in order to develop yourself in the field of philosophy, you
have to read the works of Plato and Aristotle. Therefore, in order to study in the
United Kingdom you have to read the works of Plato and Aristotle.
15. All London-based businessmen are graduates from Boston. William Crain in a
London-based businessman. Therefore, William Crain is a graduate from Boston.
(10 marks)

SECTION D
Indicate which of the following statements are true or false.
16. Valid argument-forms are made of compound statements.
17. Some invalid arguments contain only true propositions.
18.The solution to a logical puzzle consists not in finding answers to the questions
posed, and proffering arguments whose premises are contained in the statement of
the puzzle, and whose conclusions are the answers to the questions.
19.The transition or movement from the premises to the conclusion is the inference
upon which any fallacy relies.
20. Argumentum ad baculum is committed when one fails to resort to the use of threat
to cause the acceptance of a conclusion, especially when evidence or rational
methods fail.
21. Argumentum ad misericordiam occurs when the premises of an argument does not
rely on mercy, generosity, altruism, and so on.
22. Words or phrases that typically serve to introduce the premises and the conclusion
of an argument are referred to variously as conclusion-indicators and premises -
indicators.
23. Some valid arguments contains only false propositions.
24. Sometimes, both the premises and the conclusion of an argument may be stated in
the same sentence.
25. Inductive reasoning, historically speaking, was developed by Francis Bacon and
J.S Mill.
(10 marks)

27
 SECTION E
Identify the following fallacy committed in the following arguments:
26. Nigeria should join the non-Align Nations if she wants the Non-Align Nations to
buy her oil.
27. It is best to have government of the people, for the people and by the people
because democracy is the best form of government.
28. ... the universe is spherical in form ... because all the constituent parts of the
universe, that is the sun, moon, and the planets, appear in the form.
29. Women prefer Democrats to men.
30. Mr Brown's arguments for pre-marital sex should be dropped because he is a
womanizer.
31. I implore the jury to temper justice by mercy. Though my client, barely eighteen,
is accused of killing his mother and father with an axe, I plead for leniency on the
grounds that he is an orphan.
32. In a motion picture featuring the famous French comedian Sacha Guitry, some
thieves are arguing over division of seven pearls worth a King's ransom. One of
them hands two to the man on his right, then two to the man on his left. "I," he
says, "will keep three." The man on his right says, "How come you keep three?"
"Because I am the leader." "Oh. But how come you are the leader?" "Because I
have more pearls."
33. Andrew has faith in the President. He also has faith in telepathy. Therefore,
Andrew has faith in both the President and science.
34. No one has conclusively proven that there is no intelligent life on the moons of
Jupiter. Therefore, there is intelligent life on the moons of Jupiter.
35. My client is the sole support of his aged parents. If he is sent to prison it will break
their hearts, and they will be left homeless and penniless. You surely cannot find it
in your hearts to reach any other verdict than "not guilty"!
( 20 marks)

SECTION F
36. State one essential feature of all definitions.
37. Stipulative definitions are sometimes referred to as _______________
38. ____________ is also referred to as "definition by pointing".
39. State one central difference between lexical and stipulative definitions.
40. What definition do such terms as "gotta", "g factor " exemplifiy?
41. State at least one rule that is violated in each of the following definitions:
(i) Father is "the head of a family".
(ii) Calculator is "a machine used in calculating mathematical operations".
(iii) Bird is "any two- footed vertebrate".
(iv) Oratory is " a conspiracy between speech and action to cheat the
understanding".
(v) Couch is "a piece of furniture that is not a bed or a chair or a stool or a bench".
(20 marks)

28
 SECTION G
Provide an answer to each of the following exercises in reasoning:
42. Yuan Yien, Yien Yuan, Yuan Yuan and Yien Yien are all lecturers in a Chinese
university. One is a specialist in Chemistry, one a specialist in Zoology, one a
Philosophy specialist, and one a Dentist, though not necessarily in that order.
The following facts are known about them:
(a) Yuan Yien and Yuan Yuan once had an argument with the Philosophy
specialist.
(b) Yien Yuan and the Dentist have been to the house of the Zoologist.
(c) The Dentist who once treated Yuan Yuan in his private clinic is also having an
appointment with Yuan Yien.
(d) Yuan Yien has never seen Yien Yien before.

What is each man's area of specialization? Provide reasons for your answer.

43. In a certain bank the positions of accountant, manager and chasier are held by
Godwinn, Godwin and Goldwyn, though not necessarily in that other. The
following facts are known about them: the cashier who was an only child, earns the
least; Godwyn, who married Godwin's sister earns more than the manager.

What position does each man holds? Provide reasons for your answer.
(20 marks)

29
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

2012/2013 First Semester Examination

PHI 207: Introduction to African Philosophy

Instructions: Answer any three questions

TIME ALLOWED: 2 1/2 Hours

1. Critically discuss the importance of Tempels' Bantu philosophy to

the development of African Philosophy.

2. Discuss the impact of any three of the following on the image of Africa:
(i) Monogenesis
(ii) Polygenesis
(iii) Eurocentrism
(iv) Afrocentrism

3. Identify and discuss the four major trends in African Philosophy as identified by
OderaOruka.

4. A. How would you define the term "destiny"?

B. CCritically discuss the conceptual problem of destiny.

5. Using your traditional thought as foil why would you disagree with the claim
that African religious practice is polytheistic?

6. "It is illegitimate to assess issues like magic, rituals, et cetera, on the paradigm of
science". Discuss this statement, with reference to the question of rationality in
traditional African thought.

30
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2014/2015
PHI 207: INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY
TIME : 2 1/2 HOURS
INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT ANY THREE QUESTIONS

EITHER:
1a. Discuss the inauguration of African Philosophy with particular reference to Placide
Temple's Bantu Philosophy.

OR:

1b. "Philosophy is the criticism of the ideas we live by." Discuss this statement in
respect of the admission of the existence of African Philosophy.

EITHER:

2a.To what extent is Sage Philosophy a response to the critics of Ethnophilosophy?

OR:

2b.Critically discuss the following trends in African Philosophy: Nationalist - ideological

Philosophy, Professional Philosophy, Hermeneutic- narrative School. Which of the three
positions is, in your own opinion, most attractive in arguing the case for the admission
of the existence of African Philosophy?

3. Attempt a definition of the term destiny and critically discuss the conceptual problem
of destiny.

4. "African magic and rituals should not be put under scientific scrutiny." Discuss this
statement.

5. Discuss the problem of defining the type of religion or worship of God in an African
culture.

31
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION (2015/2016)
PHI 207: INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY
INSTRUCTION: Attempt Question 1(Compulsory) and any other Two Questions
TIME: 2 1/2 HOURS

1. Discuss the main themes in Placide Temple's Bantu Philosophy. To what extent
is Tempel's Bantu Philosophy the setting of ethnophilosophy in African Philosophy?

2. EITHER: (a) Critically discuss Ethnophilosophy as an orientation in African

philosophy. To what extent is Sage Philosophy a response to the critics of
Ethnophilosophy?

OR: (b) Critically discuss the following trends in African Philosophy: Nationalist-
ideological Philosophy, Professional Philosophy, Hermeneutic- narrative School. Which
of the three positions is, in your own opinion, most plausible in arguing the case for the
admission of the existence of African Philosophy?

3. Discuss the following as they relate to African philosophy: (a) Rationality

(b) Polygenesis (c) Eurocentrism (d) Traditionalists (e) Modernists

4. Critically discuss the problem of destiny in an African culture.

5. "It is illegitimate to impose the scientific reality on the metaphysical or regious

reality." Discuss this statement.

6. Discuss the problem of God in an African culture. Show that there is an implicit
monetheism in the culture of your choice.

32
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
FACULTY OF ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
B.A DEGREE EXAMINATION, FIRST SEMESTER 2015/2016 ACADEMIC SESSION

PHI 201: INTRODUCTION TO EPISTEMOLOGY

Answer Any THREE Questions. One question must come from each section.
TIME ALLOWED: 2 1/2 HOURS
Note: The use of Mobile Phones is not allowed in the examination hall

Section A
1. a. What is epistemology?
b. Discuss any three (3) epistemological problems.

2. Write short notes on any two (2) of the following:

i. Empiricism
ii. Rationalism
iii. Scepticism

3. a. What is the problem raised by Edmund Gettier about the traditional

conception of knowledge?
b. Discuss any two (2) responses to Gettier

4. Discuss any two (2) traditional theories of truth

SECTION B

5. Critically discuss the two main sources of knowledge.

6. Critically examine the following concepts with practical illustrations:

i . A priori propositions
ii. A posteriori propositions
iii. Synthetic a priori propositions

33
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
FACULTY OF ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2014/2015 ACADEMIC SESSION

PHI 201: INTRODUCTION TO EPISTEMOLOGY TIME: 2 1/2 HOURS

Attempt question ONE and any other TWO others.

1a. Explain the traditional definition or account of knowledge.

b. Discuss the aim of Edmund L. Gettier's objection to the traditional account of

knowledge.
c. Do you agree that Gettier's objection is a pseudo problem that needs
dissolving and not resolving ? Defend your position.

2a. What is knowledge?

b. Explain, with examples, these categories of knowledge:
(i) Capacity Knowledge (ii) Knowledge by Acquaintance
(iii) Propositional knowledge

3. Discuss any TWO of the following responses to Gettier;

(i) Defensibility Approach (ii) Relevant Falsehood Approach
(iii) Reliability Approach (iv) Causal Theory

4. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of any TWO theory of truth.

5a. What is scepticism?

b. Discuss some reasons FOR and AGAINST Scepticism.

6. Write short but critical notes on any TWO of the following:

(i) Foundationalism (ii) Empiricism (iii) Rationalism

34
 DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
1ST SEMESTER, 2014/2015 ACADEMIC SESSION
PHI 203: ETHICS
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS IN ALL. AT LEAST ONE
QUESTION FROM EACH SECTION. TIME ALLOWED: 2 1/2 HOURS
SECTION A

1. a. Define ethics and morality and show how they are related.
b. Alongside moral codes, identify and discuss other codes by which human conduct
is regulated.

2. What is an ethical judgment? Identify and discuss at least five features of an ethical
judgment.

3. a. What is Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS)?

b. In your thinking, do you think that PAS is justified? If yes, why? If no, why not?

SECTION B
4. a. Attempt a ccritical discussion of the nature of ethics.

b. Discuss the following in details:

i. Metaethics.
ii. Normative ethics
iii. Applied ethics

5. Discuss critically the nature of moral dilemmas.

6. i. Analyse critically the idea of psychological egoism.

ii. What is ethical egoism and what are the areas of interplay between it
and psychological egoism?

35
 DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

PHI 203: ETHICS

FIRST SEMESTER, 2015/2016 ACADEMIC SESSION

ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS IN ALL, AT LEAST ONE QUESTION FROM

EACH SECTION TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS 30 MINS.

SECTION A

1. a. Give a concise definition of ethics and show what you think are its concerns.
b. Write a critical note on the nature of normative ethics and attempt a discussion of
the division of normative ethical theories.

2. a. Attempt a critique of applied ethics as a branch of ethics.

b. Discuss the groupings of ethical issues in applied ethics.

3. Critically assess the idea of ethical dilemma.

SECTION B
4. Attempt a detailed analysis of the nature of moral judgments.

5. Explain and evaluate any two of the following:

i . Ethical relativism.
ii. Ethical absolutism.
iii. Ethical emotivism.

6. Alongside moral rules, there are other rules by which human conduct is regulated.
Identify and discuss at least five of these rules.

36
 DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

2015/2016 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS

PHI 204: MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY TIME: 2 1/2 Hours

Instruction: Answer any three questions.

1. Critically discuss the general concerns of Medieval Philosophy. In doing this, take cognizance
of the five periods of Western philosophy ranging from beginning of the Christian era to the
close of the Middles Ages.

2. Either

(a) What is the problem of faith and reason? How did this problem arise in Christian thought?

Or

(b) Why were the following movements condemned as heresies? Gnosticism, Manicheanism,
Arianism and Palagianism?

3. Aristotelianized Christianity constitutes the structures of St. Thomas Aquinas'

philosophical synthesis of the knowledge of the world. Discuss.

4. Highlight and discuss the key features of Scholasticism.

5. What changes occurred in the period from 1300 to 1500 that either caused or signaled the
decline of Medieval Philosophy.

6. In what ways did Augustine agree or disagree with Plato?

37
 DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

FIRST SEMESTER B.A DEGREE EXAMINATION 2014/2015 SESSION

CLC 101: INTRODUCTION TO ANCIENT GREEK CULTURE, RELIGION AND

METHODOLOGY
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER THREE (3) QUESTIONS

1 'We are all Greeks: our laws, our literature, our religion, our arts, have their roots in Greece' -
P.B. Shelly, 1820.. Write a brief historical outline of the successive 'ages' In Greek history.

2 Discuss the beliefs of the Ancient Greeks with regards to dream and omens in the iliad

3(a). 'A blood sacrifice was much more than the mere killing of an animal'. Explain.

(b). Define the following words: choe , ololyge, Kore, aegis, Olympian.

4 What benefits do you think the people Athens derived from the Great Panathenia?

5(a). Define the following terms: andron, gynaikon, Herm, Kyrios, Oikos, Zeus Herkeios, Zeus
Ktesios.

(b) Why do you think that Education was valued so highly but the teachers themselves
were not ? Do such attitudes still exist?

38
 DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

SECOND SEMESTER B.A. DEGREE EXAMINATION 2014/2015 SESSION

CLC 102: INTRODUCTION TO ANCIENT ROMAN CULTURE (3UNITS)

TIME ALLOWED: 2,1/2 HOURS

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO

1. How true is Virgil's Aeneid an account of heroic deeds of the Romans forefathers?
(20marks)

2. List the contributions of slaves and freedmen to ancient Roman society.(25marks)

3. Examine the ways In which marriage could be contracted in ancient Rome.

(25marks)

4. Explain the role of a Paterfamilias in a Roman Domus. (25marks)

5. In the early period of Roman history education was informal. Discuss (25marks)

39
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS
B.A. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS: FIRST SEMESTER, 2015/2016 SESSION
CLC 101: GREEK SOCIETY, RELIGION AND CULTURE

Time allowed: 2hrs

ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND ANY OTHER TWO

1. With five examples from book 1-5 of Homer's IIiad, highlight the anthropomorphic
trait of the Greeks gods and goddesses. 20mks

2. List both the Greek and Roman names of the Olympian divinities and describe their
Sphere of influence? 20mks

3(a). Define the term Mantis? 5mks

(b) To what extent do you think ancient Greeks relied on interpreting omen to predict
future? 10mks
(c) Are there any modern equivalents of the Mantis today? 5mks

4. (a) Explain the origin of the ancient Olympics Games.10mks

(b) List five sporting events in the ancient Olympics Games. 5mks
(c) List five similarities of the ancient Olympics and modern Olympics Games. 5mks

40
 DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS

UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

B.A. DEGREE EXAMINATION: SECOND SEMESTER, 2015/2016 SESSION

CLC102: ROMAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE

ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND ANY OTHER 2 TIME ALLOWED: 2HRS

1. Discuss the events leading to Dido's death. (20marks)

2. Write short notes on the following

(a) Paterfamilias
(b) Aeneas
(c) grammaticus
(d) Lares (20marks)

3. Discuss the stages of education in ancient Rome. (20marks)

4. Marriage in ancient Roman society was arranged. Discuss. (20marks)

5. How powerful were the Vestal virgins? (20marks)

41
 DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

FIRST SEMESTER B.A DEGREE EXAMINATION 2014/2015 SESSION

CLC 203: GREEK HISTORY, SOCIETY AND INSTITUTION

TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT 3(THREE) QUESTIONS ONLY

1. What is the definition of a 'citizen' in your society? How does this compare to the
Athenian concept of citizenship?

2. To what extent do you think that an Athenian's lifestyle and prosperity depended
on his slave?

3. Examine the various contributions may by the Helots to Spartan society.

4. Discuss the various ways in which revenues were collected by government in

ancient Athens.

5. 'Hetairai we have for the sake of pleasure.... but wives to bear us legitimate
children and to look after the house faithfully.' (Demosthenes, Against Neaera 12)

(a) Examine critically the above excerpt in relation to the attitude of men to women
in ancient Athenian society.

(b) How does this compare to attitude of men in your society?

42
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS

B.A. DEGREE EXAMINATION: FIRST SEMESTER, 2015/2016 SESSION

CLC 203: GREEK HISTORY, SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS

Answer question 1and any other 2 Time allowed: 2hrs

1. To what extent do you think that an Athenian's lifestyle and prosperity depended on
his slave? 20marks
2. Examine the various contributions made by the Herlots to Spartan society.25marks
3. Discuss the stages of education in ancient Athens. 25marks
4. Discuss the conditions of women in Sparta. 25mks

43
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC LAW
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016 SESSION
BACHELOR OF LAWS (LL.B) DEGREE EXAMINATION

LAW 101: LEGAL METHODS 1

DATE: 19 JULY, 2016 3 HOURS TIME: 12: 30PM - 3: 30PM

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS FROM EACH SECTION

Section A
1. Critically examine the following schools of jurisprudence on theories of law supporting
your views with real life examples of the theories in Nigerian legal order
(a) Natural Law School
(b) Positive Law School
(c) Sociological School
(d) Utilitarian School

2. Classification of law is not in a water-tight compartment. However, for the purpose of

convenience there are certain identified categories or classes of law.
With this background knowledge critically discuss the classification of law.

3. "For any society to exist and progress, it must exercise a certain measure of control over
its members since any marked deviation from the established ways is considered a threat
to its welfare".
In the light of the above statement, critically examine the various methods of social control
through law.
Section B
4. "The life of law has not been logic but experience." Do you agree?

5. Mr Ajimututu and Mr Akotileta are siblings and members of Abuleshowo Family. A dispute
arose between both parties as to the ownership of a piece of land which formed part of a
large parcel of land belonging to the Abuleshowo Family. Mr Ajimututu claimed that their
father had given the piece of land to him as a gift a year before his demise. Mr Akotileta,
who had been farming on the same piece of land for over a decade insisted that their
father had given the piece of land to him as a reward for a job he had carried out for their
father many years before his death.

44
 The two parties were called to a family meeting by elders of the Abuleshowo Family.
It was concluded at the meeting that both parties should appear before the family shrine
and take Oath that whoever was making a false claim be struck dead within seven days
the visit. Mr Ajimututu blatantly refused to visit the shrine while Mr Akotileta was
indifferent. The family then concluded on the basis of Mr Ajimututu's refusal that
Mr Akotileta was the rightful owner of the piece of land.

Comment on the legality of the method of adjudication adopted and suggest in detail two
alternative methods that should have been employed in the light of modern day
development

6. Write short notes on any three (3) of the term below:

(a) Shift of facts

(b) Shift of law

(c) Judicial precedent

(d) Per incuriam

45
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC LAW
FACULTY OF LAW
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016 SESSION
BACHELOR OF LAW DEGREE EXAMINATIONS
LAW 102 LEGAL METHODS II

DATE: 23 NOVEMBER, 2016 TIME: 12.30PM -- 3.30PM

ANSWER FOUR QUESTIONS, AT LEAST ONE FROM EACH SECTION

SECTION A

1. "Any study in Nigerian legal system will be incomplete without a

consideration of the impact of English law. The received English
law remains a Nigerian law".
Dejo Olowu and Foluke Lasebikan (2006) , "Sources of Law in Nigeria,"
in Abiola Danni (ed), introduction to Nigerian Legal Method, O.A.U. Press
Ltd, Ile-Ife, pp. 245 - 246.

What are the components of the English system of law and to what extent
are those components applicable in Nigeria and the constituent States?

2. "The Human Rights Advocates", a non - governmental organization, is planning

a public lecture, and you have been invited as a law student well versed in the
knowledge of the sources of Nigerian law to speak adequately on the following:
(a) the customary law;
(b) local enactments.

Write a well research paper addressing the above items.

3. (a) What is the main purpose of academic writing in law? In what ways is it
different from a practitioner's writing? (6, 1/2 Marks)

(b) What do you understand by plagiarism? How can you avoid the pitefall in
legal academic writing (5,1/2 Marks)

(c) What is the difference between a latter and a memo (5, 1/2 Marks)

46
SECTION B

4. (a) " The great disadvantage of confining oneself to text books and lecture
notes is that it means taking all one's law at second hand. The law is contained
in statutes and judicial decisions... Besides familiarizing himself with the law
reports and statute books, the lawyer to - be should get to know his way about
library as a whole together with its apparatus of catalogues and books of reference.
- Glanile Williams (1982) Learning the Law cited in Sanni A (ed.) 2006 Introduction
to Legal Method 2nd edition, O.A.U. Press Ltd, Ile-Ife, p.264. Discuss.

OR
(b) The law library is to a lawyer what the laboratory is to a scientist. With
specific reference to legal research and the use of source materials,
discuss.

5. " A good lawyer is the one who knows the law, a better lawyer is the one who
knows where to find the law while the best lawyer is the one who knows the
law and where and how to find the law" -- Sanni A (ed.) (2006) Introduction to
Legal Methods 2nd edition, O.A.U. Press Ltd, Ile-Ife. Discuss.

6. (a) What do you understand by the concept concept of originality in legal

academic writing? (6, 1/2 Marks)

(b) What is the difference between plagiarism and copy right infringement?
(5, 1/2 Marks)

(c) (i) What is the difference between primary and secondary sources in
law?

(ii) List the attributes of a good legal writing. (5,1/2 Marks)

47
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS

B.A. DEGREE, FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, 2015/2016

CLL 103: INTRODUCTION TO LATIN FOR LAWYERS (4 Credits)

Instruction: Answer ALL Questions

Time Allowed: Two And A Half (2 1/2) Hours

A. Translate the maxims into English and comment on their legal applications
(40 Marks)

1. actus dei nemini tacit injuriam.

2. sub judice.
3. res ipas loquitur.
4. actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea.
5. accessio cedit principale.
6. commodum ex injuria sua nemo habere debet.
7. confessio non est probatio.
8. dormiunt aliquando leges, numquam moriuntur.
9. domus sua cuique eat tutissimum refugium.
10. ex turpi causa non oritur actio.
11. habeas corpus.
12. vim vi repellere licet.
13. lex dilationes semper exhorret.
14. crimines morte extinguintur.
15. nemo potest esse simul actor et judex.
16. qui ebrius peccavit, sobrius puniatur.
17. prima facie.
18. qui terram possidet, usque ad caelum possidet.
19. qui parcit nocentibus, innocentes punit.
20. morbus est impedimentum in legs.

48
B. Complete the sense of sentences below by writing out ONLY the correct
option from the words in parenthesis,
Then translate into English. (20 Marks)
1. _____________ pecuniam portabant (senes, senex, vos).
2. ____________ clamorem audiverunt (ego, actores, mercator).
3. magistratus mendacium ______________ (convicio, convicis, convicit).
4. vigil mercatorem e basilicam ____________ (traxi, traxistis, traxit).
5. Caecilius _______________ ad basilicam vocat (Hermogenes, Hermogenem,
Hermogene).
6. Cives, cur actorem ____________ (plausistis, plausisti,)?
7. ____________ furem superaverunt (pueri, nos, amicus).
8. senex et servus ___________ (pugnabant, pugnabat, pugnabas).
9. ego e villa _____________ (discesserunt, discessi, discessit).
10. Sumus fortunati, quod Deus nos _______________ (amo, amas, amat). amare: to.
love

C. Provide answers to the following (Total: 10 Marks)

1. Conjugate the verb pugno, (1: I fight ) in the imperfect tense. (2 marks).
2. Distinguish between the two types of sub poena: sub poena duces tecum and sub
poena ad testificandum. (4 marks).
3. Fully decline the reus (the guilty) in the nom. acc. and gen. singular and plural. (2
marks).
4. Give two (2) English words each, derived from Latin words: (2 marks)
mors (death), corpus (body)

Examiner: Dr. 'Goke Akinboye

49
 DEPARTMENT OF PRIVATE AND PROPERTY LAW
FACULTY OF LAW
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN

SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS LL.B

2015/2016 SESSION
LPB 302: LAW OF TORTS || TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS: ALL QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL MARKS. ANSWER ANY

FOUR QUESTIONS

Chrome Ltd, a small cleaning firm stores quantities of a toxic cleaning chemical on
its land on an industrial estate close to a residential housing estate. The site used by
Chrome Ltd has been used and occupied by various industrial cleaners for the past
25 years. Evidence shows that some 'area boys' were seen in the area on various
occasions over the last two months. Also a drum of toxic fluid was overturned and
resulted in:

(a) Mary, a sales girl who works in Chrome's canteen stepped into toxic fluid and
burns her shoes badly.

(b) A quantity of the fluid also seeps into an underground water supply used by
'You I' Water Company with the result that the latter must find an alternative
source of water supply for its consumers.

(c) The fluid flows into the street outside Chrome Ltd's premises. Danfo drivers
driving on the street causes quantities of the fluid to splash on Alice's
garden and later display of exotic flowers are destroyed. The awful smell
caused by the chemical interaction of the fluid and the garbage in her garden
in her dustbin caused her to vacate the house.

Advise the parties.

2. 'The fundamental rule is that one man has no right to put off his goods for sale as the
goods of a rival trader' Per Lord Kingdom in Leather Cloth Co v American Leather Cloth Co
(1865) 11 HL.

(a) What are economic torts

(b) Discuss briefly that torts of passing off.

50
3. With the aid of decided cases, write short notes on any three of the following:
I. Interference with contract
II. Civil conspiracy
III. Deceit
IV. Remedies; Damages and injunction in economic torts
4.
Alex, a driver was hired by the appellants' company 'Inland Networking Company'. The
appellants thereafter hired out 'Alex' as driver to the respondents, another network company
for use in their company. The agreement between the appellants and respondents provided
that 'Alex' was to be the servant of the respondents in transferring goods from one truck to
another truck in the company, but that Alex would still be paid by the appellants who alone
had the power of dismissal. Whilst working in the respondents' company, Alex was under
immediate control of the respondents in that they could tell Alex which goods to load in the
truck and where to place them but however, the respondents had no power to tell him how to
manipulate the controls of the truck. In the course of loading the truck, a third party was
injured through Alex's negligent handling of the truck.

In line with the above, discuss and decide whether it was the appellants or the respondents
who was vicariously liable for Alex's negligence and ssupport your answer with relevant
decided cases.

5. Write full notes on the following:

a) Vehicle owners and causal agents
b) Differences between contract of services and contract for services
c) Distinction between libel and slander
d) Vulgar Abuse

6. Discuss the burden of what the plaintiff must prove in a defamation action and support
answer with relevant decided cases.

51
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, 2015/2016 SESSION
POS 114: THE CITIZEN AND THE STATE
NOVEMBER, 2016
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO Questions
Time Allowed: 2 1/2 Hours

1a) What is a State ? What are the major conditions under which the citizenship of any
state may be attained?
1b) Who is a citizen?
1c) Using concrete examples and detailed illustrations, discuss the major duties,
obligations and rights of Nigerian citizens provided by the Nigerian constitution.

2. Discuss the commonalities and contrasts in the theories of the state according to the
major social contract theorists.

3. Using the concepts of Germeinschaft and the Gessellschaft, explain your

understanding of the historical development and emergence of the state.

4a) Discuss those actions and practices that potentially and practically threaten the
citizenship and nationality status of any country.

4b. Under what conditions can the citizenship and nationality status of any group Or
individual be lost?

5. "The executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common
affairs of the bourgeoisie". Discuss the practical and theoretical application /
relevance of this position to Africa and Nigeria as a post colonial formation.

52
CONFIDENTIAL
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2012/2013 SESSION
B.SC. (Pol.Sci., Econs., Geo., Psy.,Soc.), B.A (Pol./Host., Edu., Phil./Pol./Law)
POS 113: The Organization Of Government
2013
Instruction: Attempt all Questions in Section A and any other three (3) Questions in
Section B.
Time Allowed: 2 1/2 Hours

Section A
1. Governmental powers are _____________ in the US Presidential system.
2. ____________ plays rule application role.
3. Regional legislative houses in Nigeria at independence were unicameral
legislature (True or False).
4. The contrast between the rule of men and the rule of law is first found in
________________ and subsequently in _______________ .
5. According to Michael Laver, three possible roles are generated for government.
Mention them.
6. Political authority refers to the right to influence the political outcomes
(YES/NO).
7. The branch of Government that set agenda for other organs is known as
____________ .
8. _____________ popularized the concept of sovereignty.
9. Power which is shared between the central government and the federating units
is called ________________ .
10. _________________ the principle of limiting the powers of government in
accordance with the provisions of the constitution.
11. A system of government where governmental powers are centralized is
called_____________ .
12. The capitalist economy is dictated by the forces of demand and supply.
(YES/NO).
13. Where the Head of state is also the Head of Government what we have is a
___________ .
14. When a constitution is not difficult to amend, it is said to be ______________ .
15. The three examples of non- democratic mode of establishing government are:

53
POS 113 Section B
Attempt three questions only.
1. Outline and explain the essentials or ingredients of a good form of government? Is
democracy a good system of government? Explain with lucid examples.

2. Identify and explain forms of government according to institutional structure and

interrelationships among organs of government. Which of the forms is being
practiced in Nigeria and why?

3. Explain the concept of Rule of law and discuss at least five factors limiting its
application.

4. (i) Mention two advantages and two disadvantages of Bicameral legislature..

(ii) Give five differences between presidential system of government.
(iii) Explain three major these advanced by Montesquieu on the principle of
separation of powers.

5. (a) How would you define Pressure group?

(b) Compare and contrast political parties and pressure groups?
(c) Explain advantages of multi party democracy.
(d) Mention five registered political parties in Nigeria's Second Republic.

54
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, 2015/2016 SESSION
B.SC. (Pol.Sci., Econs., Geo., Psy.,Soc.), B.A (Pol./Hist., Edu., Phil./Pol./Law)
POS 111: THE STUDY OF POLITICS

JULY, 2016
Instruction: Answer any THREE Questions.
Time Allowed: 2 1/2 Hours

1. Any government worth its salt has and must discharge certain obligations to its
citizens. Discuss these obligations

2. Akzin asserts that election has social and technical essence. Discuss this view
with a good conceptualization of election.

3. Enumerate and discuss major issues in politics.

4. With a good understanding of leadership, identify and discuss the three

pathogens that can destroy a leader.

5. Define politics, power, and government, and show the nexus between them.

6. How true is the assertion that the legislature is most powerful organ of modern
government?

55
POS 113 MID - SEMESTER EXAMINATION
Attempt all questions
2014/2015 ( C.A TEST)

1. Government does not exist to make and enforce decisions TRUE or FALSE.
2. The national Legislative body in Nigeria between 1960 and 1966 is referred to as:
A. National Assembly B.House of Representatives C.Parliament D. Congress.
3. All career officers that serve any government in power are categorized as
______________ .
4. In every democratic system there is no absolute separation of powers YES or NO.
5. One of the following is not a limitation of the application of rule of law. A.
Proliferation of political parties B. Making of retroactive laws C. ignorance and
poverty D. Delegated legislations.
6. Government powers are ___________ in the US presidential system A. absolutely
saparation B. fused C. absolutely fused D. Saparated.
7. ____________ performs rule adjudication function.
8. Federal legislative houses in Nigeria at independence was A. unicameral B.
federal C. bicameral D. the National Assembly.
9. According to Michael Laver, How many roles are generated for government?
10. Countries with little separation of power include __________ and __________.
11. Although the legislature write and enacts laws, the Executive veto laws to A.
check this power, B. balance this power, C. legitimate this power D. deny this
power.
12. A mechanism to safeguard the fundamental human rights of citizens is:
A. an independence and corruption free judiciary
B. the appointment of highly qualified judges
C. the proclamation of the President on Independence Day
D. a very large Bicameral Parliament.
13. The branch of Government that is the most obvious in most political system is: ___
14. Where the Head of states is also the Head of government what we have is a/an____
15. The power of the executive to quash the decision of the National Assembly is __
A. Check power. B. Quashing power C. Balance power D.Veto power.
16. Fusion of power tends to promote wide concentration of power in an organ of
government YES or NO

17. The two distinct ways through which governmental power can be divided
A. territorial and functional
B. functional and division
C. organizational and territorial
D. structural and functional

56
18. The principle of separation of power is designed
A. to prevent despotism
B. to promote democracy
C. to denounce aristocracy
D. to prevent theocracy

19. Queen Elizabeth of Britain ppossess a

A. absolute power
B. de jure authority
C. de facto power
D. de facto authority

20. In a parliament system there is the principle of

A. individual responsibility
B. collective responsibility
C. consensual responsibility
D. single responsibility

57
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2014/2015 SESSION
B.SC. (Pol.Sci., Econs., Geo., Psy.,Soc.), B.A, B.Ed.
POS 113: The Organization Of Governmen

Instruction: Attempt any three (3) Questions

Time Allowed: 2 1/2 Hours

1. How would you conceptualize the term 'government'? Discuss the relationship and
differences between government and state.

2. Use relevant criteria to discuss the differences between American presidential

democracy and British Parliamentary democracy. Which of the system would you
recommend for Nigeria and why?

3. "The rule of law is one of the fundamental principles of democratic governance"

Explain its meaning, application and limitations.

4. Highlight the definitional features of a political party. Discuss at least five

advantages and five disadvantages of Multi - party system.

5. (a) Mention and explain the main roles of government as articulated by Michael
Laver
(b) Discuss the three non - democratic ways of establishing government. Which of
them is more pervasive in contemporary Nigeria?

6. Write a brief essay on any three of the following:

(a) Three theses advanced by Baron De Montesquieu on the principle of

Separation of Powers.
(b) The principle of checks and balances.
(c) The Monists and Pluralists view of Sovereignty.
(d) Unicameralism versus Bicameralism.

58
 2015/2016 POS 113 MID SEMESTER EXAM (Attempt all questions

Name Matric No DEPT.

1. Government exists to make and enforce decisions TRUE OR FALSE.
2. The organ of government that applies the rules and policies of the society is called
the: A. Judiciary B. Legislature C. Civil Service D. Executive.
3. The national Legislative body in the United States is called _______________ A.
National Assembly B. Knesset C. Parliament D. Congress.
4. The permanent executive include the Civil servants and politicians YES or NO.
5. One of the following is not the major function of the Legislature A. Oversight B.
Budget making C. Constituency representation D. Rule making.
6. One of the arguments against Unicameralism is A. Sufficient check against hasty,
rash and ill- considered legislation B. cost ineffectiveness C. easy manipulation by
the dominant party D. encourage federalism.
7. Separation of powers is a feature more inherent to _________ system A. The French
B. The US Presidential C. The English Parliament D. Nigeria's First Republic.
8. Separation of powers denotes ___________________ A. Separation of governmental
powers B. separation of persons C. All of the above D. None of the above.
9. Which of the following is not necessarily a feature of the state? A. Territorial waters
B. Population of People C. Defined Territory D. Sovereignty.
10. Governmental power can be divided according to A. Territory & Functions B.
Functions and structures C. type of organization and functions D. Structure only.
11. ________ plays adjudication role A. The Judge B. The Legislature C. The Executive D.
The Judiciary.
12. A legislature with one chamber is called A. Unicameral legislature B. federal
legislature C. bicameral legislature D. Presidential legislature.
13. Queen Elizabeth of Britain possesses A. an absolute power B. a de jure authority C. a
de facto power D. a de facto authority.
14. Political authority refers to the right to influence political ooutcomes YES OR NO.
15. Few deals or contracts need to be enforced by government TRUE OR FALSE.
16. Government properly defined is not only a set of activities but A. a set of persons. B.
a set of methods C. a set of agencies D. a set of rulers.
17. Which of the following is not a condition of independence of judiciary A. mode of
appointment B. secure tenure C. retirement of judges D. better emolument.
18. The mode of recruitment of nominal executive include A. hereditary B. election C. all
of the above D. non of the above.
19. The tenure of members of Britain House of Lords is A. 2 years B. 3 years C. Life-long
D. 5 years.
20. Single executive can be divided into A. political and non - political B. totalitarian
and colonial C. Nominal and Real D. Presidential and Parliamentary.

Examiner's Profile
Name Matric No. DEPT.

59
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2015/2016 SESSION
B.SC. (Pol.Sci., Econs., Geo., Psy.,Soc.), B.A (Pol./Host., Edu., Phil./Pol./Law)
POS 113: The Organization Of Governmen
JULY, 2016
Instruction: Attempt any three (3) Questions in all.
Time Allowed: 2 1/2 Hours

1. Define the concept of Government and attempt to classify forms of modern government
using appropriate criteria with examples.

2. Identify and explain at least five (5) characteristics of modern political parties. Which of
the party system is presently being practiced in Nigeria and why?

3. (a) Discuss at least five (5) essentials or ingredients of a good form of government.
(b) Differentiate between democratic mode and non - democratic modes of establishing
government.

4. What are the three (3) possible roles generated for government according to Michael
Laver? Discuss the significance of principles of 'separation of powers' and 'checks and
balances ' in the organization and operations of modern governments.

5. Explain the concept of sovereignty and discuss the effects of globalization on its
relevance in contemporary world.

6. (i) Explain any two advantages and two disadvantages of a Bicameral legislature.
(ii) Discuss briefly, the significance of the executive arm of government.
(iii) What does independence of the judiciary connotes?
(iv) Mention the six (6) political parties that participated in the 1983 presidential elections
in Nigeria and identify four (4) types of pressure groups in Nigeria with at least two
examples each.

60
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, 2014/2015 SESSION
POS 111: THE STUDY OF POLITICS
Instruction: Answer any three questions. Time Allowed: 2 1/2 Hours

1. For anybody to succeed in politics or life, he or she must understand the relationship
between power, politics, conflicts, and strategy. Discuss.

2. There are three organs of modern government. List them and identify the most
powerful organ of the three, and state why.

3. What are the obligations of government to its citizens, and to what extent did
Jonathan administration meet these obligations?

4. Election is the heart of democracy. Do you agree ?

5. IIdentify the qqualities of a good leader, and discuss the pathogens that can destroy
leaders at all levels of human society.

6. How do you see the relationship between the elite and the people in Nigeria or any
country of your choice?

61
 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS, 2015/2016 SESSION
B.SC. (Pol.Sci., Econs., Geo., Psy.,Soc.), B.A (Pol./Hist., Edu., Phil./Pol./Law)
POS 217: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

JULY, 2016
Instruction: Answer Question one and any other two questions.
Time Allowed: 2 1/2 Hours

1. Give five definitions public administration from prominent authors / scholars known
to you and discuss the important of public administration in the life of any country of
your choice.

2. Explain in details, the acronym POSDCORB as given by Luther Gullick and Lyndall
Urwick.

3. What is the debate on the dichotomy between politics and administration all about,
and what is your own position in respect of the debate?

4. Enumerate the major differences and similarities between private and public
administrations, and explain the relevance of these types of administration in the life
of Nigeria.

5. Write short, but explicit notes on these approaches to political science / public
administration:
(a) Traditional Approach .(b) Modern Approach (c)Systems Theory
(d) Institutional Approach

6. Articulate the major characteristics of Max Weber's bureaucratic theory and

explain the usefulness of the theory to Nigeria's Civil service.

62
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