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What's behind China-Taiwan
tensions? China prepares military drills
aBer Pelosi visit
1 hour ago
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AFP

Many Taiwanese see their island as separate nation

Tensions over Taiwan are spiking over a visit by US House of Representatives

Speaker Nancy Pelosi - and this has only further strained relations between
Washington and Beijing.

At the heart of the divide is that the Chinese government sees Taiwan as a
breakaway province that will, eventually, be part of the country.

But many Taiwanese people consider their self-ruled island to be a separate

nation - whether or not independence is ever officially declared.

What is the history between China

and Taiwan?
The first known settlers in Taiwan were Austronesian tribal people, who are
thought to have come from modern day southern China.

The island seems to have first appeared in Chinese records in AD239, when an
emperor sent an expeditionary force to explore the area - a fact Beijing uses to
back its territorial claim.

AHer a relatively brief spell as a Dutch colony (1624-1661), Taiwan was

administered by China's Qing dynasty from 1683 to 1895.

Features

As China broods, Taiwan is in

a 'Pelosi lovefest'

From the 17th Century, significant numbers of migrants started arriving from
China, oHen fleeing turmoil or hardship. Most were Hoklo Chinese from Fujian
(Fukien) province or Hakka Chinese, largely from Guangdong. Their Why millions in India are still
descendants are now by far the largest demographic groups on the island. without tap water
In 1895, Japan won the First Sino-Japanese War, and the Qing government
had to cede Taiwan to Japan. AHer World War Two, Japan surrendered and
relinquished control of territory it had taken from China. The Republic of
China (ROC) - one of the victors in the war - began ruling Taiwan with the
consent of its allies, the US and UK.

But in the next few years a civil war broke out in China, and the then-leader
Chiang Kai-shek's troops were defeated by Mao Zedong's Communist army.

Chiang, the remnants of his Kuomintang (KMT) government and their

supporters - about 1.5m people - fled to Taiwan in 1949. From TV presenter to refugee
overnight
This group, referred to as Mainland Chinese, dominated Taiwan's politics for
many years though they only account for 14% of the population. Chiang
established a government in exile in Taiwan which he led for the next 25 years.

Chiang's son, Chiang Ching-kuo, allowed more democratisation aHer coming

to power. He faced resistance from local people resentful of authoritarian rule
and was under pressure from a growing democracy movement.

President Lee Teng-hui, known as Taiwan's "father of democracy", led

constitutional changes towards, which eventually made way for the election of
the island's first non-KMT president, Chen Shui-bian, in 2000.
A sex assault scandal
disgraces Canadaʼs pastime
So who recognises Taiwan?
There is disagreement and confusion about what Taiwan is.

It has its own constitution, democratically-elected leaders, and about 300,000

active troops in its armed forces.

Chiang's ROC government-in-exile at first claimed to represent the whole of

China, which it intended to re-occupy. It held China's seat on the United
Nations Security Council and was recognised by many Western nations as the
only Chinese government. Can North America's
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downturns?

Remembering teen whose

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CENTRAL PRESS

Chiang Kai-shek, once the leader in China, fled with his supporters to Taiwan

But by the 1970s some countries began to argue that the Taipei government
could no longer be considered a genuine representative of the hundreds of
millions of people living in mainland China.

Then in 1971, the UN switched diplomatic recognition to Beijing and the ROC Orban alone in Europe, among
government was forced out. In 1978, China also began opening up its friends in Texas
economy. Recognising opportunities for trade and the need to develop
relations, the US formally established diplomatic ties with Beijing in 1979.

Since then the number of countries that recognise the ROC government
diplomatically has fallen drastically to about 15.

Now, despite having all the characteristic of an independent state and a

political system that is distinct from China, Taiwan's legal status remains
unclear.

Meet Australia's first hijab-

How are relations between Taiwan wearing senator

and China?
Relations started improving in the 1980s as Taiwan relaxed rules on visits to
and investment in China. In 1991, it proclaimed that the war with the People's
Republic of China was over.

China proposed the so-called "one country, two systems" option, which it said
would allow Taiwan significant autonomy if it agreed to come under Beijing's
control. This system underpinned Hong Kong's return to China in 1997 and
the manner in which it was governed until recently, when Beijing has sought to Twins share secret to long life
increase its influence. on 103rd birthday

Taiwan rejected the offer and Beijing's insisted that Taiwan's ROC government
is illegitimate - but unofficial representatives from China and Taiwan still held
limited talks. PAID AND PRESENTED BY

Then in 2000, Taiwan elected Chen Shui-bian as president, much to Beijing's

alarm. Mr Chen and his party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), had
openly backed "independence".

A year aHer Mr Chen was re-elected in 2004, China passed a so-called anti-
secession law, stating China's right to use "non-peaceful means" against
Taiwan if it tried to "secede" from China.

Mr Chen was succeeded by the KMT's Ma Ying-jeou in 2008 who tried

improving relations through economic agreements.

Eight years later, in 2016, Taiwan's current president Tsai Ing-wen, who now The new frontier of
leads the independence-leaning DPP, was elected.
education:
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future?

Elsewhere on the BBC

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REUTERS share
Under Ms Tsai, cross-Straits relations soured again This curious geographic transaction has
been going on for more than 350 years
The rhetoric sharpened further in 2018 as Beijing stepped up pressure on
international companies - if they failed to list Taiwan as a part of China on
their websites, it threatened to block them from doing business in China.

Ms Tsai won a second term in 2020 with a record-breaking 8.2 million votes in
what was widely seen as a snub to Beijing. By then Hong Kong had seen
months of unrest, with huge protesters against the mainland's growing
influence - and many in Taiwan were watching closely.

Later that year, China's implemented a national security law in Hong Kong
that is considered to be yet another sign of Beijing's assertion. The surprising benefits of
pruney skin
Why do our fingers shrivel in water?
How much of an issue is independence
in Taiwan?
While political progress has been slow, links between Beijing and Taipei, and
the two economies have grown. Between 1991 and the end of May 2021,
Taiwanese investment in China totalled $193.5bn (£157.9bn), Taiwanese
official figures show.

Some Taiwanese people worry their economy is now dependent on China.

Others believe that closer business ties make Chinese military action less The young workers who 'want
likely, because of the cost to China's own economy. it all'
A controversial trade agreement sparked the "Sunflower Movement" in 2014, The youngest in the labour market have a
slew of demands
where students and activists occupied Taiwan's parliament protesting against
what they called China's growing influence over Taiwan.

Officially, the ruling DPP still favours formal independence for Taiwan, while
the KMT favours eventual unification with China. Most Read

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AFP/GETTY IMAGES
ABer Kansas defeat,
Recent polls show many Taiwanese support the government's approach in "safeguarding national what's next for
sovereignty" abortion bans?

But most Taiwanese people seem to fall somewhere in between. A June 2022

5
survey found that only 5.2% of Taiwanese supported independence as soon as Was al-Qaeda leader
possible, while 1.3% were in favour of unification with mainland China at the killed by bladed
earliest possibility. missile?
The rest supported some form of maintaining the status quo, with the largest
group wanting to maintain it indefinitely with no move towards either
independence or unification.
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What does the US have to do with the
China-Taiwan divide?
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in capsized boat in
Washington's long-standing policy has been one of "strategic ambiguity" to Atlantic
the extent that it would intervene militarily if China were to invade Taiwan.

8
Officially, it sticks to the "One-China" policy, which recognises only one Taiwan puts the ball
Chinese government - in Beijing - and has formal ties with Beijing rather than firmly in Xi Jinping's
Taipei. court
But it has also pledged to supply Taiwan with defensive weapons and stressed
that any attack by China would cause "grave concern".

In May 2022, President Joe Biden replied in the affirmative when asked 9 SpaceX capsule crashes
to Earth in Australian
whether the US would defend Taiwan militarily. Soon aHer, the White House field
quickly clarified that the US position on Taiwan had not changed and
reiterated its commitment to the "One-China" policy. It has similarly

10
contradicted previous statements by Mr Biden on military support for Taiwan. Immoral oil and gas
profits must be taxed -
The issue of Taiwan has also strained relations between the US and China.
UN
Beijing has condemned any perceived support from Washington for Taipei -
and has responded by stepping up incursions of military jets into Taiwan's air
defence zone since Mr Biden's election.

More on this story

China military drill as US envoy visits

Taiwan
18 September 2020

US angers China with high-profile

Taiwan visit
10 August 2020

Why US-China relations have reached a

low
24 July 2020

China-Taiwan relations in 60 secs

4 May 2015

Taiwan and China to hold key summit

4 November 2015

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