Anglictina Konverzace Pro Pokrocile 2008

To the teacher
This new edition of the Green Book seeks to make your classroom work easier and more efficient. By using
it, you can prepare students for various higher-level exams or simply improve their word-power and language
competence in general. An answer key with tapescripts and an English-Czech vocabulary have been
included in the textbook. The authors - American, British and Czech - have tried to maintain a balance by
providing both British and American usage.
To the student
This textbook should give you an idea of the level of English required for more advanced examinations.
Relevant and interesting material has been supplemented with lexical exercises. Practice makes perfect,
And more practice... are exercises aimed at providing more context, idioms, metaphors and euphemisms.
The other exercises are mostly meant for classroom use. Howeveq you can work on your own, without a
teacher, since there is an answer key. There are a few longer texts for reading comprehension, and each unit
has a listening comprehension exercise.
Prioritising Vocabulary
It would be unrealistic to expect any student to learn and retain all the words related to any topic. If you have
already dealt with the topic, you can put your knowledge to use in the many speaking and discussion activities
provided, as well as "topping up" your vocabulary in each topic. If you are seeing much of the vocabulary for
the first time, a process of prioritising is recommended. You should decide for yourself if you need an item,
and should not try to learn everything at once. We recommend methodical revision. After studying several
topics, you should revise earlier ones and in the process, add some of the vocabulary that you did not study
the first time round. In closing, we hope that you will enjoy using the book and wish you all the best for your
further studies of Enelish. The authors .
Acknowledgements
This book has evolved from vocabulary lists added to by generations ofteachers of the Brno Language School.
After the Velvet Revolution, the first booklet was published with the help of the native speakers working at
the school at that time, the major part being rewritten by Tony Long. The greater parl of the second edition,
published by the State Language School in Brno, was added by John Ceccarelli in collaboration with many
others (in particular Ondiej Matu5ka, who fonnatted the book), all of whom I would like to thank here. My
thanks also go to Anne Johnson for proofreading this new edition of the textbook. Last but not least, my thanks
go to my friends and family for their supporl and understanding. JF
ilng
nge
)een
rby
ons.
ANGLICTINA
[ect,
SMS.
)ut a
KONVERZACE PRO POKROCILE
unit
Topic-bused Vocubulury for Advanced Leurners
have
'ities
y for
tem,
rrefal
tudy
your
hool.
ng at
ition,
nany
.My
ranks
Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu - Barrister & Principal

ilng
nge
)een
rby
ons.
ANGLICTINA
[ect,
SMS.
)ut a
KONVERZACE PRO POKROCILE
unit
Topic-bused Vocubulury for Advanced Leurners
have
'ities
y for
tem,
rrefal
tudy
your
hool.
ng at
ition,
nany
.My
ranks
Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu - Barrister & Principal

Slovo rivodem
Kniha vznlkala v prubdhu ndkolika desetileti na St6tni jazykovd Skole v Brne (SJS,1, nejprve jako prfrbdZnd
aktualizovany seznam slovidek. Tak takd poprvd vy5la tiskem v roce 1993, doplndna otfnkami. KdyZ byl
bdhem pdti let n6klad rozebran, vznikl niryad piidat cvideni a obrizky a vytvoiit tak udebnici. Byla psdna
s piedstavou, Ze bude slouZit nejen studentrim SJS. ale takd pokrodilym studentfrm anglidtiny u n6s i jinde
-
v Evropd. Poprvdji vydala SJS zaidtkem roku 1999 nrikladem 3 000 vytiskir. Souddsti udebnice bylakazeta.
ULivitni udebnice si vynutilo vytvoieni anglicko-deskdho glos6ie vyrazfi z jednotlivych lekci s uvedenim
lln
exper
viislovnosti u obtiZnich vyrazi, kteni je nyni v upravend verzi soud6sti tdto udebnice. Po celou dobu se na a sho
tvorbd udebnice podileli vyudujici SJS, ktefi provriddli velmi podrobnd korektury azaroveimateriiily pouZivali famili
ve vyuce. Udebnice proslula jako ,,zelen6 kniha" kvrili barvd obrilky. ,,Vocabulary Lists" vy5ly v roce 2002,
stejnd jako opraven6 a doplndn6 udebnice se dvdma kazetami - n6kladem 7 000 vytishi. ZTr:
and sl
Spoluautor John Ceccarelli (Amerid an) Lije v soudasnd dobd v Praze a Tony Long (Brit) 2rje stiidave v CR
a ve Velkd BritAnii. (Jeho texty jsou v knize ozna(eny inici6lami TL.) Jarnrla Fictumov6 udi prakticky jazyk
a pieklad na Katedie anglistiky a amerikanistiky Filozofickd fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brn6.
Udebnice svym pojetim vyhovuje mentalitd deskych, slovenskych i ndmecky mluvicich studentfi. Ziroveir
v5ak vychiizi z tradice anglicklich udebnic a soustavnd rozviji v5echny dtyii iedovd dovednosti - mluveni,
poslech, dteni i psani mii celou i'adu rozmanit;ich typfi cvideni. Tdmata jsou logicky seiazena do skupin: In
to
FAMILY HOME" FOOD, SHOPPING, CLOTHES,

n'
WORK & LEISURE, COMMUNICATION, TOWN & COLTNTRY, SIGHTSEEING, TRAVEL
rl
FARMING, CLIMATE, NATURE,

THE HUMAN BODY HEALTH, SPORI
MEDIA, CULTURE, EDUCATION, HOLIDAYS, MODERN SOCIETY
Toto novd, moderni vyddni udebnice mriZe slouZit Sirokdmu okruhu pokrodilylch studentt, kteii se piipravuji
na rrizn6 typy zkou5ek unis i v zahraniii (rirovefi B2-C2 dle Spolein6ho evropsk6ho referendniho
rfmce), v kurzech nebo sami, nebof obsahuje klii ke cviienfm a dal5i doplikovd materiiily. Poslechovii
cvideni na piiloZendm CD jsou ve form6tu MP3. Toto CD rovndZ obsahuje dal5i studijni materi6ly - othzky
a piekladovd vdty k jednotlivym tdmattm. Je takd moZno vyuLivatZDARMA on-line testy a podrobnd slov-
nidky k jednotlivym stran6rn udebnice na e-learningovdm port6lu Masarykovy univerzity:
h ttp ://eldu m.p hil.m u ni.czlcou rse/view.p hp? id: I9
Jarmila Ficttrmovci
O Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu - Barrister & Principal o. s., 2008

rsBN 978-80-87029-40-4
. .
^11/\tvJ
'e8ueqc ol
:H'T.T*i;':::,;;X":ff il"il#"";J'J;*;.;:td':#$
j.:ffi .". ::t
*i-j "'':'.'Jri"'*T :#
poxlul setst lilť
ru*;'
)exrur' SB" q3ns .''^ânr *,rr,ttr Áo drqsuor1e1e:
;"".*"*,"ffJ*";:j;HffiT":J,ihil!'ii", l
,.:;H"; DA
0ulri]oLuos
::JJ;ť={p*x*f-ruř:'r,''.iffi
so)|lslp Á|0uo]is oUo ]3t]] p
Jn.ff
^Ps 3
llll;;,J"'1,""'l{1':".T'^ffi j,Ul*r"*iil*in,*,"q'ouv
-
l0 lB^0r008 Lj]rM leaos Sl AlluUJlJ:u":- r
suaddeq l€q.nA
salÁlso]ll luoroi]lp lo ocuPldacce q ..,., :,leu Áaql 1t}un
^-'.^
p0 0uPtl c Y
",ol'q
uerprrqcsurêu3y:;ffi#l:':#T$tT::'ilf ].:l{:yJlt
:suPalil leq] ]xal aql u! ploM P pull t
;;q^ )':^ ;#j'':.T:j#
'sslr oLll uo st xss lPllJeuroJd p H t'lH'"'ifi ."s?ůň 3;
Á
'ulBlllB ul
uMop u0)0rq oAPLI sonlPA lPUol]lpell c
=*j EA
.p|!l]c
€ 0uIslP] qt|M 0u!^|I
j;;*r";l; il**^";
b|udJÚ* 1'- r t'. otl
#í*";'"T..ffi ť:ffi
p oururpo ocuelpq o] o^Ptl soldnoo q SJeq}olu Áueut.}uaserLl .e.,'l} eul€s eq] l€
'poUrPu 0uruo0 ololoq uo io0 rf
ÁeLl] ||eii,l Mol] oos 0} }upM so|dnoc e
q Bu r s e: p
lElll sl pa!irEuJ 0u1pa0 atoleq u ar p r q J ra "t
r
raqto0ol 0ulng; lo1
suoseer uleul aLl] l0 aug [: :tl :i, ilIî
I :: $;;.}j]i#:l*
'seDeureu uo)iorq ur osegtcut p otll :".,]:l],lfi ,ťJi..:;'.:itn*l$i.;**'*i,;pilf**Jil
'u0rplll.lc I0tll sl0j0q
srooruc roLll 1nd ueuom ouros letl] c
'll luM :]:::ř;:.:""''1j1";h:..l*i:.,m;.,|',q'}oouo
plroM ul pollr) oroM uou lul.l] q eI.J ,^Neu
}€q] Sl Á11uetr
ûeltl ol-li u
'xas ;uirreuerd ur oseotcut
-Tnfi.ffilffffi'*H .eTJ {ool
sl S0l|!ue] 1ual€d
-a10u1s u1 as|l aLl} l0l uosua] u!€u aql z q,ry\ o j' ln qe''
l B
i I :'""L:*-ffiT$
'olrM sql qilM lo0Pnq "ilť,;;;j i;ř:"l*l: l
Á|lue] eql lo} ÁulIqIsuodsol p0lPqs p ul€lFg
I€,,Jgu| uI
ÁllLue] aql ]o] ]op|ôld a|os ot-ll sPM c
::T':T"ffi r;:1.ň-.Y;l]:i:::t,ť:",oooo,npu€upon i1]á^ "oi nooo'n
'^llurPl or.ll rol puorq opeul q ::ffi*J1is-;i*::TáJ## g(
'po]crperlu0c .r0A0u sEM v .Sfln.IvA ÁTIINVú
UPI.U
(t.Io
.Á1tLue1
/y\flN (tNY
aq1 uP|l0}3!A lPu0!l|pel} 0t'|i UI l {
.lqou oJgÍn n0Á oas puP
l|
ll peol uoql 'lxol oql oulpgol aloleq lqou otll uo suollsonb eql JonnsuP ot Ált|
ll
llsd lotllo aql ol uodal puP s0!l!uel
.sluopnls tot|lo ot|l tol €l
umo lnoÁ eqllcsop Á;leuq sr1ed u! uot|I uodoJ uot|s p
.Álltupl .ocuo|lodxo
olPdold dnot6 lnoÁ uI up3uoluvJo qsllug lec!dfi oql oqucsop
.lno| ul
leuoslod Jo uolslôtel uoll tlloul no/t lPt|Ívl uo poseq lo sdnoro
l
e
1
^lll/\vJ
DATING
2,
on th
belol
ol thr
l. to' are workins ir.:i::*i:l Ed Perer

personal -,A
]q uears old.
dating agency. Here are the
scientirrc
-.:ri,.
ffiltl;li$n:,',',;,**frt# :11i1;;,
on o
.."{,e.,{"1:;"1d
Give reasons for your p'gililno
rhri;;. ii;; *."'] yll: I'air
and
bro'nn" hair .li!;,,,;::ab.,{y
il?:lf ttlTlJ';,*'-i'#"x,i'il :Il[:'il'-ght u,,tsoiiJr^!,:,i 3to
,he Da'l ns b'x on'lhe'o'ow n' , n,,,
and y
dating
i$*i+i*-$t-l',.,u;' ',dfi W#ii#*:"" 4t,

Jane ',n. "no
,I:'::i':;'::,'k;
i::l;:"rtJ$ffii ;';:"i;:::^:i:;:'jl',l;;:; ,i,::;",1::,o' In pai
.,,ifi;ru"
In whi
il:il:.3lii;i'r'?'"*oi" 5,0
:;tllii:f;[':rigure
. Enroys
Mike each
talkin
,i"i.:o.*rT',,i,#"ndc"hirir: . 1,1,1;1,":..,',0
it^:{i,!::!,::{tr; ri;t;:: gi j t::*n : #:1' il"|;',:""'
';,;,J:3;,:';:;:i;;tr;*;.il,f,il*:,i:il"
rust rvanr,s i ft; ill':',,,.',.1^#'.",lij",,'. intellectual.
re fun rr," ir,.li.Ji"],""-'il'
wirh. p,=-;.:;;"]iq,"
Susan ook n g ;: ;* "',
ln
i i
retationshrp : :j; fl*Tif

";',1:'';,1
n to sharc
;,I: ti
:'Jn],|..|:$tiou"n,. a sedoLrs Ar
Pr
and slim'.
'Tirll f.
Htliil;l ;i;;l:ii" YIJ,,:

t(
:ut*r;\:*::""x; aod arttu"'"",.^. ",.

conrputerrn";T.#ilti1",ry:,
al
m
*l"ot, o"t,:.:-:ltt"t .' tc

lu
til"''ffi h**j*rurri "' m *+l$'l*f**{li:rfil;;

UL
ir
m
,teration.r.ip :$5::,:aillltxl"#',i'il1';"il"g '""

serious'
n
. Topic-based Vocabulary .
4t
/ Underline the adjectives describing personal qualities
- on the preceding page and then position them in the space
below. They do not have to be in columns. Your positioning
_t ol them is personal - there is no right 0r wrong answer.
mil
ffiil
try
T
AI
intellectual
q
\\l
'R
:/l
\
,t
,l Vou think ol yoursell as an accomptished matchmaker
and you think your lriend needs help. Write a compuler
?a.s
dating profile about them - use your imagination!
nour.
{ to* write a description ol your ideal partner.
ln pairs, compare the descriptions of your ideal pailners.
In what ways are they similar? In what ways do they differ?
?
! Look at the pictures on the right. Agree on a name for
each person. Which characteristics would you use when
talking about them?
Dating
Expressing opinion nypercritical Getting together matchmaker
I think / believe / feel aggressive to make small talk h igh-schoo I
aI. that... can't get it together to see eacn other sweetheart (US)
,rt)r In my opinion. to sleep with anybody / to date sb (US) infatuation / crush
l It seems to me that sreep ar0un0 tn nn nr rt tnnpihpr to break off the
As lsee it .. sharp-tongued to go steady (US) en gagement
rlous
Personally, I think. . sarcastrc to take sb out to dump sb
Talking about people talented to make a good match to split up / break up

intelligent to chat sb up (GB) to let sb down
always on the go
thoughtful dating agency to walk out on sb
meil 0w
do anything for anyone computer dating fiancd, fiancee
tolerant
lunny broad / open-minded handsome to become engaged to
sof considerate "lnnpJv hprriq" edq /GR\ / engagement rng
eternal optimist
fun-loving personal ads (US) to move in with sb
irritable
'ants cheerfu I childhood sweetheart living together
m000y
:ious. sympathetic
hilarious
. FAMILY.
INVITATIONS
I
I tgi Below are two scrambled dialogues in which sorneone invites someone else to do something. Put the
3,
dialogues into order. Then listen and check if you were right. neig
Mark calls up Jamie and asks her out to a movie. Joe meets Anne in the street and invites her to
a party.
J: Great. I'11 see you then. Bye.
J: Well, you can always come out after dinner.
M: How about tomorrow night at 8:00? We could
We'll be going all night.
go and get something to eat first and then
maybe go out for a drink afterwards. A: Yeah, I'd love to.., Oh, wait a minute. What
time on Saturday?
J: Sounds great! When should we do it?
J: Sure. Maybe next time.
M: Bye.
A: I know, but I have to work early on Sunday
J: Mmm. You know, tomorrow's out fbr me. I've
morning. Thanks anyway.
already got something planned. Why don't we
make it Thursday night instead? J: I don't know. It'll probably staft sometime
around nine. Why'/
M: Hi, Jamie! This is Mark. Listen, I was
wondering if you wanted to go and see that A: Oh, shame! I can't make it on Saturday night.
new Spielberg film. I'm going to dinner with my mother.
J: Hello, Jamie speaking. J: Hey Anne! I'm having a party on Saturday.
Would you like to come?
M: Sounds good to me. So I'll pick you up at
around 6:00, okay?
r'l
/The people in the picture are discussing invitations. Choose either of the two pictures and write a similar conversati0n
between the two people. Then, act it out to the class.
4o
Use r
N.B. A good invitation starts by saying what is planned Example; I'm having a party on Saturday. Would you like
and then asking the person to join in. to come? 0n tv
Try NOT to start off a spoken invitation with "/ would like
I to invite you to ...." or "Do you have time tonight?" 0n tf
-,.-"'
>< \..r--rl.
)t,: tr'
, .- \,,./' -/ -f -' V 'l,r-, - ")-' \u' ',-" \
'
)
-ri
\\\,/ aYa
Ja\- -^ .a\l
-\.l\r
I ^\
v Y /--\ h-
-filbr ").';
TW/ l,,i-
at
.f Look at the pages ol the appointment book below and fill in any three days with appointments. Then turn to your
niighbour and arrange a date on a day that is lree for both ol you, using some ol the phrases in the box below.
to
mer.
Vhat
day
me
right
ray'
ation
{ OU*, you have arranged everything, find another student and tell him/her about your plans for the lollowing week.
Use structures such as:
u like
0n Monday I'm meeting...
,d
I\RC
0n the 25th I'm leaving for...
lnvitations
Making invitations Accepting invitations and asking Declining invitations
Would you like to. ? about an invitation l'm sorry, but..
I was wondering i{ you wanted to I'd love to That's very kind of you but..
i you'd like t0... ? Sounds great, I'm busy on Saturciay.
Would you care to come round? That'd be lovely / wonderful/ fun. I've already g0t s0mething planned.
Do you think you'll be free? Greatl Thanks Something's come up.
Have you got anything special Thank you very much. I can't make it to the party 0n Friday .
on tonight? That would be fun / wonderful. Thanks anyway,

What have you got on tonight? Would you llke me to bring anythlng? Maybe next time.
Do you want to come round / Can lbring something?
go out for dinner? Hesitation strategies
Let me bring dessert.
Does seven o'clock suit you? I appreciate the invitation but .
What time should I be there?

How about seven o'clock? Could I let you know later?
Canlbringafriend?
ls that all right with you? Could I get back to you tonight?
What should I wear?
Let's make il seven o'clock. I have to see if Charles wants to come.
ls itcasual or lormal?
I have to check my diary.
. FAMILY. 9
WEDDINGS
I 4,
I What ate the traditions or even superstitions that have to do with marriage? Can you think pictu
of any "dos and d0n'ts" for the bride and gr00m 0n the big day?
You r
lt
lRead the lollowing text and fill in the blanks using the words and phrases on the lett. In This
which country do you think the wedding might have taken place? first
'
r=
aisle
altar
I know it sounds corny, but my wedding day really was the most beautiful day of my
life. We had a bis I in my parents' church, with the grand 2_
ll
I
banns posted
best man
big day
playing "Here Comes the Bride" and 3
lt cost a fortune, but we just felt that a 4
of the preparations, like sending out the 5_,
ringing as we left and everything.
wouldn't be special enough. All
making up the 6_,
lt
cerem0ny and going to get the 7_left us completely exhausted, but when the 8
church wedding
finally arrived we were so excited that r.ve didn't have any time to be tired. Yi
church belis
Ihadabeautiful1ong9-withalovely10-andalongtrain.
civil wedding
guest list
As I walked down the 11_ on my father's arm, I saw Dave standing at the f-
12_ in his brilliant white 13_ and I thought I would just faint!
honeymoon
Somehow I managed to hold on, and the next thing I knew I was in fiont of the
honeymoon suite
lace veil
14- with Dave at my side. I can barely remember reciting our 1.5_ to
each other or the rest of the 16_, (although I do remember the
limousine
husband and wife
m in ister
0rgan
rice
L7-havingtosearchhispocketsforfiveminutesbeforehefinallyfoundthe
18_). All I can remember is this feeling inside of intense burning joy
andamazement.Final1y,theministersaid..Inowpronounceyou19-,,'and
Dave lifted my veil and kissed me, and I just started crying and crying. Everybody was
r
,
[(
I
tuxedo throwing 20- as we ran to the limousine, and a piece got caught right in I
I
marriage vows Dave's eye. We had a lovely 2l at the biggest hotel in town, and
wedding dress everyone was drinking. dancing, and laughing (or, in my mother's case, crying). That
la
wedding invitations
wedding reception
wedding rings
night we slept in the 22 at the hotel, and although it certainly wasn't a
, it felt completely different sleeping together as husband and wife.
Thenextdayweclimbedbackintothe24-andspedofTonourtwo-week
tj
white wedding 25- in the Bahamas. It was, in a word, perfect.
tt
.f Look at the pictures. How could they be
linked to weddings?
*Will,ill
: ',;
DiltDfir
tl|0)
10 . Topic-based Vocabulary .
{ er,or are s0me pictures which tell the story of Mike and Sarah's love affair. Write a story to go along with the
I lhink pictures. Each picture should be a paragraph. Start wilh about 10 words per paragraph, then expand.
You could start like this: ... and linish like this:
eft. ln This is a story of two young people - Sarah and Mike. They and they lived happily ever after.
first met at ...
fmy
@r-Ew
fng.
Alt --.\-
I"i IKE J-'RAH

[raln.
\'f1 so K R.Y tl/-....--(t't|
roa) /
\-_-----__( /,r
to
r-illrt!il,
I\ tu II
\ v ,/lr\"
I t tr
the //1\ tt, I

oy
'and
VAS
1t
'ta
vife.
k
.\
N Weddings
,14 to propose to sb banns Congratulations
catering company marriage vows My warmest congratulations.
special license ceremony All the best
1 stag night / bachelor party bridesmaid The very best of luck
big day maid oJ honour May you be happy together
church wedding matron of honour May all your dreams come true
white wedding best man Piease accept my most sincere
civil wedding tllitness congratulations and bestwishes on the
shotgun wedding wedding cake occasion of your wedding. (formai)
registry office / register office wedding reception
bride, bridegroom wedding ring
wedding announcements (in trousseau * dowrV
newspapers and to friends) newlyweds
wedding invitations (to guests) to leave on / for one's honeymoon
. FAMTLY . 11
BABIES
I
I Here are some pictures that have
to do with children. Say what the
things are and what they are used for.
.l
/ ln America and Britain, many
families use babysitting agencies to
f ind someone to look after their child
when they have to go out. How do

you feel about this? Gould you trust
a complete stranger wilh your child?
lf not, what are some other ways to
find babysitters?
at
.l Vou are going to leave your baby
alone for the first time. Your friend
has agreed to babysit lor you. In
small groups, write a short note
thanking your friend for their help
and explaining exactly what they
should do.
{ tmagine that you are visiting a

friend who has just had a baby. She
is a proud mother. You have no
experience with newborns. What can
you say? Look at the phrases in the
box below.
Babies
Talking to or about babies to cry i howl / scream cot (GB) / crib (US)
Was he / she early / late / to hug high chair
premature / overdue? to rock the baby baby-bouncer
Whatan adorable babyl to burp the baby baby-wal ker
Can I hold him / her? to take a child on your lap baby-carrier / baby-backpack
Does she sleep through the night to take a child in your arms pram / baby carriage (US) /
yet?
to pamper a chiid bussy (US)
His eves arc irrst like his fathef s. to spoil a child playpen
Qhp hrc hor frthpr'c orioc
dummy (GB) / pacif ier (US) pushchair (GB)/ stroller (US)
She really takes after her father. toddler ca rry-cot
That's a good boy I gitl... i nfant toy chest
Nursery kid teddy bear
changing table / mati pad crdche (GB) / nursery school (US) stuffed / f lufly animals i soft toys
to breast-feed babys i tte r squeaky toys
to bottle-feed / the baby is on au-pair / nanny p otty
formula (US) play groups / schools / schemes to toilet-train

to change, wash and iron the day nursery / day care / kindergarten
nappies craO I e maternity leave / baby break
(disposable / cloth) nappies (GB)/ ratt I e depe n de nts
diapers (US) bib
YOUTH
I
I rr-. SCHOOL PRINGIPAL I What kind of a child were you when you were
** growing up -
well-behaved or naughty? llluslrate
,) DEFEil,?LGRAM your answer with examples.
\ FREECONDO ---.--G What was the worst trouble you ever got into when
you were younger? What was your punishment? Did
you "learn your lesson"?
rl
INTERNET PORNOGRAPHY / On lhe left are the headlines to some newspapel
articles dealing with some youth issues. Write three
RANKS short paragraphs to tell the story tor each headline.
Can you spot the US headline and make ii British?
0 HIGH AA4ONG PARENTS'
at
CONCERNS rI iE=i You are going to listen to a dialogue
:-l between a lather and a son. Here are some questions
7 for you to answer.
ON I What is the problem?
CRIME AND VIOLENCE I Which subjects did Mark lail?
D THE RTSE AMONG T Which names ol schools and universities come
up in the dialogue?
TEENAGERS
T What are they like?
{ ,n g,orp, of two or thtee act out an atgument

-$-l!_!!!r0 Y0ur GtfftD
trftililmf rrr between parents and a teenager who is having one
rrrifiIilin of the problems you wrote about.

Do young people lace similar problems in your
country? What other problems do they face?
Youth
adolescent generatr0n gap Possible problems and issues
tee nage r rebelllon peer pressure
youngster 040 company
Talking about children
TAI counterculture
D
going through puberty / adolescence
to bring up / raise
obedient " disobedtent
TV violence
to behave yourself polite rude addiction
to indulge / pamper
" lack of physical exercise
well brought-up
to spoil couch potato
nau g hty
to talk back "copycat" crime
stubborn
to scold / tell off shoplifting
selfish
to spank / slap pornography
g reedy
to punish alternative I ifestyles
cheeky (GB) / to be/get smart (US)
to get the cane / stick / strap m r sca rr age
i n depe nd ent
corporal punishment protection / contraception
impressionable
detention pregnani / expecting
easily led
borstal / reform school pregnancy
a show-off
child abuse family planning clinic
to beat a child Parents often say to have / get an abortion
to be grounded / gated Wait till Daddy / your father gets to terminate the pregnancy
home, .. drinking age
to rebel
What are you up to? votrng age
to show off
Itsjustaphase. (legal) age of consent
to play truant / cut class (US)
. FAMILY . 13
MARRIED LIFE
1nEnglish often uses different words to express the same or similar ideas.
I I
Sbmetimes the dilference is as simple as using a different preposition or verb
Finish the stalement below.
What would she say if she were a
1o
a pal
with a noun. At othertimes, there are slight changes in the meaning. Fill in the man? What is the other side ol the
blanks in the sentences below with the correct word, then write new sentences coin? Can you say something
correctly using the other words. positive about marriage?
1 Mary knew that Mike was on her. She regarded

as the limit.
"I nevcr want to
a having extrrmarital r-elationships
b
c
cherting
being unfaithtul
get married! When
a woman gets
married ..."
2,
fill ir
d committing adultery
belou
As a poor family. they hld many . The _ was never
enor"rgh to ease the
lu lnoney ploblerns
b family allowance
c econontic pressure
d wcekly budget
3 When Jane got pregnant, she had to decide whether to have the baby and
or have
a mrscarnage
sGenes.
b a plegnancy 1960 John utd Sue got ntarried.
c son.lc contraception 7962 Steven was born.
d an abortion
1963 St,lvie utd Fiona (tvt:irts) were
e adopt it out
born.
4 Their rnariterl problems were so bad that they had to get some 1968 John o.ften w*ent out -*ith ltis
When that failed they agreed to get secret0ry.
a marriage counsellor Sue fountl out. Ended.
b nrarriage guidance 1971 John met Anna.
c separatlon Sue .found out. "Trial"
d divorced
separation.
e incompatible
John uul Anna set up ltouse.
3
a dis(
5 Mark always said that he shouldn't have to help with the chores because he was the Joltn puid ul itrttttt.t.
paren
. His wife found that a bit Sue looked after three cltildren.
of agl
a l'enrinist 1973 Divorce.
b honremaker John uttl Anna couldn't lnve
c brcadwinner children.
d sexist
7975 Adoptecl two.
Morried Life I eal ousy hou seh us band
Some positive aspects of marriage '

wife beater hen-pecked husband breadwi n ner
chores / housework
to cheat on sb
io set up home stereotypes / roles
lover / mistress
emotional warmth and security routine / rut
TI
to have a drinking problem
love and happiness I(
gambling Social policies
longevity of relationship YI
skeleton in the cupboard (GB) / money prOblems
tolerance of foibles
closet (US) to be under severe ec0n0mic pressure
stability for children to get a divorce bud get
tax deductions / less taxes to pay
separatron In rcnp vc nhild qrrnnnr'/ ntird benelits
Er
Marital problems alimony family allowance
s]
to get regular marriage guidance custody
Adoption PI
marriage counselling service / visiting rights g uard ian
c0u nsel | 0r stepfather
foster parents [/
entrenched attitudes stepmother
to foster sb
incompatib ility stepbrother' half-brother to adopt sb (out) t'r
nagging solp nrov;de'l qinnle na.eqt
adoption agency
sp0use sexism orpnan Tc
idelity / unfaithfulness
inf housewife / l'onemaker / stay-al-home o rp nanage
extranarital rerati0nships / adultery m0ther chi dren s hone / voutl" home
'14 . Topic-based Vocabulary .

OLD AGE AND RETIREMENT
tw.
'l o,*rus these questions with Are there any elderly people in your family?
ere a a partner. Are they energetic or tired of life, or...
of the
I
What kinds of problems do they face?
What options are there to help them with these problems?
\ ), What are some advantases of beins older?
7.\
W
a
T( / Now read the diary entry and Dear Diary,
il fill in the gaps usingthe words Mum and Dad were fighting
below.
again today. It's about Grandma. She's getting
really old and she can't take care of herself
arthritis
anymore. She lives in a little 1_ across
senile town, and has her meals delivered by
rpera widow's pension
2_, but her 3 has been getting
the worse and worse and she just can't look after
l nursing home the place anyniore. She is also getting a little
home help bit 4_, and she's so 5_ that you
ied.
have to shout everything in her ear for her to hear
t)were
meals on wheels it. All she has to live on is her 6 . so
hard of hearing she doesn't have enoush monev to hire a
ith his
or any kind of 8_, and Mum
live-in nurse
doesn't even want to talk about sending her to a
granny flat 9 . She wants her to come and live with
at us, but Dad is against it. He says the place is too small,
J With a partner act out and that she should go to Mum's sister's house, but I
nuse. a discussion between the writer's
know that the real reason is that they don't
parents. Try to come to some kind
ildren. really get on very well. I hope they work it out
of agreement.
soon. I hate it when thev arsue.
't lnve
Old Age and Retirement

Disagreeing Thank you lor your sympathy / nld npnnlp'q / fnlkc'hnmpq to hold the inquest on sb's
I don't agree with you. concern i great suppo(. nursing homes death
lrpqnont vnrrr nnininn hrri I ll call you if I need yc. tolpnrrm Irnm tho Orroon posr monem
I think. than ks. granny f 1at (GB) Funeral
That's ridicuious Positive aspects of being home help death notice
You can't be serious. old
Being old and ill h ea rse
Yes that s true but my loys of grandparenthood ageism g rave
feeling is that .. senior citizen clubs
confusion undertaker
I hate to disagree with you bowling clubs
senile 00 rruary
but I believe. going on coach tours tnmhqtnnp / nrrripqtnnp
g0rng 0n a crulse
hard of hearing i deaf
Expressing and receiving wreaih
arth ritis
sympathy qtrtp nrivrlo nAncinn
rheumatism to leave / bequeath st to sb
PJprcp rnrpnl mv dppnpct superannuatr0n
euthanasia to inherit
sympathy widow's pension
to die of (e.g , cancer) inheritance
My condolences (on your
What can be done to die of old age to be cremated / buried
r0ss).
to take early retirement no longer with us to be in mourning
l'm reaily sorry to hear
(fraii) elderly ^^^^^l
pdJJUU ^,.,^,, // ^^^^^l
dwdy pdJ)uu url
^^ cemetery I graueyard I
about..
ch u rchyard
Too bad that. /
(US) 0AP (o1d age pensioners) to commit suicide
garden of remembrance
Shame about (GB) meals on wheels life-support systems
to carry out an autopsy on sb
. FAMTLY . 15
FAMILY - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I
I Find lhe wrong word in each sentence and replace it
| *.trn the lollowing verbs and adiectives with the
| I r',
with a correct one by choosing a, b, c 0r d. two nouns: FAMILY (6) and L0VE (7).
it wil
1 He was born with a gold c grown puppy 1S
sPoon in his mouth. d out of to start a
a raised undying to declare
b bed
4 She's old enough to be ti
his grandfather. to break up the a large

c silver
d under a father to inspire blind c
b mother o
2 She has thrown head over c grandmother an adoptive everlasting
heels in love with him. o tover
an extended to feed the 2F
a fallen 5 They should kiss and unrequrted
n
b hills to send n
cfrom waKe up. to show a
a ought to a single-parent
d bed
b hiss to fall out oI to leave the c
3 The child was born c make up the immediate
o
outside wedlock. dor to look after the

3F
a kid n
b torn a
b
lll
|| | Read the following passage and lill in the missing words.
ill
By the 1970s, the prototypical nuclear family had yielded somewhat to modified structures including the one- C
parent family, the stepfamily, and the childless family. 8 O_ families in the past were usually the result of the many
death of a 9 s_. Now, however, most one-parent families are the result of 10 d_, although some are
9i_
often
created when unmarried mothers bear children. In 1991, more than one out of four children lived with only one parent,
usually the mother. Most one-parent families, however, eventually become two-parent families through 11 r_. oetoi
A stepfamily is created by a new 12m- of a single parent. lt may consist ol a parent and children and
12 c_
a 13 c__ spouse, a parent and children and a spouse whose children live elsewhere, or two joined one-parent their '
families. In a 14 s_, problems in relations between nonbiological parents and children may generate tension; up of
the difficulties can be especially great in the marriage of single parents when the children of both parents live together Uniter
as 15 s familir
l\f tu,rn the sayings 0n the lett with their definitions 0n the right. U Match the expressions and IV
use them in sentences.
16
16 Lucky at cards, unlucky in love. a completely unable to get something a newborn,
premalure,
17 Not able to get something for b if something has hurt you once, you 25 retirement stillborn, 17
love or money. avoid it test-tube
18 Burn the candle at both ends. c if you often win, you will not be 26 nursery b to go Into, to 18
happy in love
take early
19 A burnt child dreads the fire. d you should punish your child 27 relationship' 19
c to cultivate, to
20 Marriages are made in heaven. e to work much too hard 28 babv break (off), to
enter into 20
21 Time workswonders. I sun brings good luck to the couple
g
29 relative d strict,
the passing of time can solve many
Shrouds have no pockets. (un)conventional, 21
22 problems
30 uPbringinn religious
22
23 Happy is the bride that the sun h you cannot predict who will marry e rhymes
shines on. wnom 23
you cannot take any material goods
f blood, close,
Spare the rod and spoil the child. i distant,
with you when you die near(est)
FAMILY - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I
h the
I Find the wrong word in each sentence and replace ll *u,rn the following verbs and adiectives with
it with a correct one by choosing a, b, c 0r d. the two nouns: CHILD (6) and MARRIAGE (7).
1 She had to cope with the c father arrangeo ...... break-up

upwards and downs of d grandson
life all by herself. foster to consummate a
A WOTK 4 By that time they
hasty to end a
b ups planned to be husband
c oownwaros ano woman. illegitimate to keep an eye on a
d all herself a wife
b spouse loveless to neglect
2 Her father used to tell c mistress
mixed to scold a
her: "Out of site, out of d mother
mind." - and he was right. naughty to abuse a
a head 5 In a quarrel he always
b sigh makes a mountain oul ...... of convenience well-behaved
c mine of a hill.
an onry ...... collapse
d sight a downhill
b molehill to announce a to spoil a
3 He was old enough to be c gnat
her uncle. d bull
a son
b grandfather
rll
|| | neaO the lollowing passage and fill in the missing words.
Childless families may be increasingly the result of deliberate choice and the availability of birth 8 c_. For
E
many years the proportion of couples who were childless declined steadily as venereal and other diseases that cause
te
9 i_ were conquered. In the 1970s, however, the changes in the status of women reversed this trend. Couples
often choose not to have children or to postpone having them until their careers are well established.
e rant
Since the 1960s, several variations on the family unit have emerged. More 10 u_ couples are living 11 t_,
before or instead of marrying. Some elderly couples, most often widowed, are finding it more economically practical to
d
12 c without marrying. Homosexual couples also live together as a family more openly today, sometimes sharing
rrent their 13 h_ with the children of one partner or with adopted or 14f- children. Communal families, made
iron; up of groups of related or unrelated people, have long existed in isolated instances. Such units began to occur in the
;ether United States during the 1960s and 970s as an

.l
15a_ life-style, but by the 1980s the number of communal
families was diminishing.
tlt
i and I lf Match the sayings 0n the left with their definitions 0n the right. lf Match the expressions and
use them in sentences'
16 Don',t throw the babv out with a death makes everyone equal
the bathwater. b you cannot always be having fun
17 Every family has a skeleton in c a child who is very much like one of 25 pension " l,?,fi?,ip,j"J-*"0
the cuoboard / closet. his / her parents
teenagers are hungry allthe time 26 miscarriag" o
IO 1g skittles. d
Life isn,t all beer and l:,,",o1t:'or*?,,"
e you can present someone with an on
19 A growing youth has a wolf in 6ppo'tunity but you Cannot force 27 relationship
r, to his belly. them to make use of it c please accept
28 budget
IO
20 To be the black sheeo L"e f
of the
IecP v'j
people who are related stick
more than peopte outside
my deepest' I
ramirv' l:fl.:ll"r 2e symparhy . lll,l* ll;,.",

rtional, 21 Blood is thicker than water. g do not discard something valuable teenage,
22 A chip off the otd btock. for getting rid of 30 romance whirlwind
i"ffii"ttirt??"tg
h worst e of justice
23 you can lead a horse to water,
'
to be considered as the
member of the family close, love-hate,
but you can't maXe-ii Oiinf..--
intimate'
has an unpleasant
24 Death is the great leveller. ' S:8il,t"tily platonic, uneasy
. FAMILY. 17
HOME
DIFFERENT KINDS OF HOUSING
I
l Look at the Ío||owing
advertisements and match them to
i{'r Í 'l'* -.'
the peopIe they ate best suited Íot. ffiť":.*n'ť* r.*'tť F&.t$' gr*,Í
.''-. .c!t'l.l:r.r.í.ttť!|t
.
Joe sontlnenťaí fi*alty

is a computer programmer. .ilř,i;1],lfiffiřl',l1;i1;ii1i1*.'
'
,'
l"j I TFlrulltlí|j 'xf
works in the centre oÍ the town. |íýr
tl4l.JEŤ:ljlilq.Pi,'-|n'..
i.}lsůmmn
has a car.
[ifJi]n|h}..d'
wants to live alone. llBh|ďl n il ;D t'.| .
j'''.1'. ' |rn'.í.'' 1i. Plj Ítc l]
'l'h:ftHiÍl
Ilrt n t u'
-.
'4 'lF
,i' '''.
4' Ílr'n1.q]il''Í:'
j
I'rr:ry g;n,
iijfi
L&|,..-
I il]n 1
.'i ,r..
." ' .qlil.,n:.
needs room Íor an office at home. r_ z_ ,i 1|' |fii}l
" J'!Jii í íí'.;'.?:i.'trlj1
il,X
H
3
"lrT:::g
hates traÍÍic' ;;;"Í:".^'.:.Tel} economlcal raIes.
:::.y.
"'.
*,",li'Jl' Bl, il
;:" I apartmenrs
i;:l::.1 inese
_;;
i !i
-'
Jamie
x;l;."*,1 :: : ;[.,, i;#"
řá}., l l",T .' ;
li:
is a college student. *T;l:l"l : : :'"'.i.
.1*: ro rhe cenrrat ::
;;:,J:,
".,; ;; Jio: ;á
has a small scholarship and is
looking for a part-time job.
Í"il'!.il;.in':'
;ff;iv:', ro pubň.
ň;il é;,Í
likes going to the pub at night.
has a bike: "who needs a car?"
Pil{*..r-ť'i'nil'r''','', *% ilŤiTqůJT"",;ťé"xŤ,.":y
crose ro ;";;;;fj.'":urhood
.,'
i?:Jil:",':Tí ;,.
'i# lj,' l,;
l.ú'' l' l l''
is new in town and doesn't know
;'ffi ;::
r'',,..'",,..
é;.'':]::'ijr''*, :.,'.1:;:]].' "'í;I]]Tl
any0ne. .*,rur
í.i;:#i.:;.1.
I ren. NO PETS $1g00.
is Iiving away from her parents Íor
;'m.T-::IqF
the Íirst time. . .,'*
:1''jl1 ;l:..Ť;{fi ,: : !",*, Ě j-i''il']
nl *'ii',* -.'i,i,..
i.]"r
il'{ h j: J i) Ú.: tT i T{
iE
l I]t.;
Charlie and Edith

erp r rpiirpd nnrrnlp
are on a tight budget.
have trouble sleeping at night.

frt"?.:m
garden
garden- '^^'")rt udrrl,
oatn. nouse
house \4
r.r ith
ilh
"-^^' n#á
illi:'ff j,í''".,i", á; Í,. í,í;
are too old to drive. l:* *- tt? Ť]i' íi'| il... ] T
;"lÍ; J.': ; j; |átf[}i,;!,l'fféťl;m
-,
;
love walking in the country. f

.""*;li. l :
;"'.', ";.,u |.:].:.' n
..;. ;";.f;;il;],'
l ill;.;l''ť l,;j*i,''; . ]..li' s
, :,Jt lr,
irli;i'1,],:ll:1,-,1 H" r"rJirni.
/
"'--
'r
@Wlfi:;'':;;J:'i#;[ II
'F-t,,..r.,. iti;ňwdr..q.L . ---.--
.o* l'lu:}.:Ťř"frfi r+,r;r,ra x:.r
'i. TiŤJ.}|'ř] 'víl} o*n i.J'tllllll*T..i,if;:*;:
n 'i;
' <'';,' i'-j-3''1}i
' ' mnÍh\'.i -.| .] it-i }|ttÍi${''fu
''h,Eb
a
I
d
ci
a lg;;-l
(, /-\ Listen to the telephone Ringmer Road, Brighton - 01273-946192
conversation about a flat that is lor

1_-bedroom.flat in a 2 house
rent and lill in the missing
inlormation in Peter's notes. 3 flats in the house, the 4 lives in
at one of them.
.f Cnoose 0ne 0f the advertisements Special features:
on the preceding page and with
a parlner roleplay a similar phone 5 floors
conversation. You can take the part
of Joe or Jamie. Your partner is the rall6
landlord/land lady. in the garage share with other tenants
7 -
in the back that leads to a 9
wirh a 10
They are loctking for sorneone who is '11
12 13
{
It&i,t,i
c o t * (}ea I c e c * 6 e s t & & s,
T
{ Complete the paragraphs on the s *
o
{3 a $a $ t {t a o a * a 6 t c a
*
right choosing some ol the following
comments.
a
a THESE ARE THE FLATS *
*
6 t
It was very cramped I
&
*
OF OUR LIVES a
a
t
It is nice and cosy. ae
aa
It
rt rlno
\/\/dJ
on onnninrro rrnrr
JU )pduruuJ yuu 6.611161
uuuru n6f
uuL e When I was at university, I hardly had any money at all. I couldn't get e
lost in it.
5 a room in the halls of residence. so I had to live in a bedsitter. There I
*a
* were some nice things about it. For example, ... o
It had a kitchen corner. ca
a8
I had to share the bathroom with the o But it also had its disadvantages. s
a8
other tenants s$
There was a large sllvimming pool
I When I graduated from university, I found a job as an accountant and Ia
e started to earn decent money. My girlfiiend and I moved into a flat in e
and hot tub in the back.
! a housing estate. It was much nicer than my previous place.
$
The commute to work trvas too long. *":

oâ
The couches folded down into * But it still wasn't perfect. My girlfriend eventually broke up with me n
a
6 and moved out because she said... *
double bed. ec
aa
The living room doubled as my
3 VtV career went ahead very well, and soon I was a rich stockbroker. I
off ice so it was rather messy. o I got married, and when my wife became pregnant we decided to buy e
l+ \i,4^ ih ^ h^,..1 ^^"+ ^+
rL was In a DaO parl 0t
+,
lown, I a house in the suburbs. It was very
--J expensive
-"r and luxurious. ... '
* :
C'
The walls truere so thin you could o Having such a large place, however, presented some problems. For 6
hear everything your neighbours 6 instance. ... '
sa
said. s*
It uias rioht rrn the streel ffOm the I When I retired. we decided thal \ e needed a change of,.|lpace. so we l
ive rs ity.
o bought a nice mobile home, with a piece of land in the country where *
un at,â
I we could park it when we weren't travelling. It was perfect for our l
F e lifestyle. .
et
C What other advantages and
sa
disadvantages of each kind of house
can you think of?
I Now I'm dead and I rest in a pine box, apparentiy. ... a
aats0**oaao0a6a*cae&64€oeatcaa$6atsaea
. HOME. 19
TYPES OF DWELLINGS
1 Match the following expressions to the piclures. Put a number in each box.
1'
hous
the ri
1 semi-detached house (GB) Then
duplex/two-family house (US) nam(
lrom
2 chalet
3 teraced house (GB)

row house (US)
block of flats (GB)
apartment building (US)
detached house (GB)

(single-family) house (US)
bungalow (GB)
ranch house (US)
caravan (GB)
trailer (US)
8 half-timbered house Â./\
Tudor-style house (GB) r,v'
,nt n/L
rr
/Where would you be most likely lo lind
Y',^ffimx'^.
each of these houses? Can they all be /=
found in your country?
What kinds 0f people do you think live in
each?
,t
T-t
tl z
it Wnicn gpe of house do you live in and
what other type of house might you like
living in?
{ Describe the house of the luture. What

will be different?
What will stay the same?
Types of Dwellings
redbrick house stately home flat (GB)/ attractive Activities
(without plaster) palace apartment (US) el egant to move into
housing estate half{imbered house / bachelor flat / bachelor magn ilicent to move out of
council houses and pad
Tudor-style house (GB) newly built to move house
flats (GB) / housing
c0IIage
bedsitter i bedsit
to rent (out)
project (US) / public Negative qualities
studio
summer coitage tit^în^+^n to lease
housing (US) uildprudruu
basement flat
weekend cottage / to (re)decorate
condo(minium) (US) haunted
"second home" Positive qualities to furnish
high-rise / towerblock / ramshackle sl
log cabin comf ortable to renovate
multi-storey building h ideous gr
grass hut c0sy to refurbish
skyscraper cramped OL
ig loo luxurious / exquisite to alter
town house shabby gi
country house
teepee p leasant
dingy to pull down i lo
mobile home roomy / spacious demolish
mans | 0n p0ky IO
a squat large
manor house I eaKy SA
castl e
halls of residence (GB) / tidy / spotless
damp dc
dorm(itory) (US) well-kept
cnaleau
I What are the marked parts of the PARTS OF A HOUSE
I
house called? Wrile their names on
the right.
Then cover the column and say the
l names again, using lhe adjectives

from the box on the preceding page.
f *urrnthe items in the box to the

things they do.
solar panels keep in the heat
sawdust pellets fuel the wood stove
insulation and double-glazed provide electricity
windows keep water from leaking
wood stove into the house
shingles provides heat
Parts of a House
roof Day wrn00\/V In the garden
ilat or sloping or butterf ly casement window s ne0
thatched storm windows (US) conservatory
corrugated iron
corridor gazebo
shingled / tiled
basement patr o
chimney / chimney-stack
lightning conductor (GB) /
ceilar greenhouse i hothouse
utility room swimming pool
rod (US)
storeroom garden gate
TV aerial (GB) /
w0rKSn0p garoen patn
antenna (US)
raun0ry flagstones
skylight
gutter drying room garden gnome
airing cupboard (GB)
attic conversion / converted attic cou rtyard
boiler room
garret back garden (GB) / bacn yard (US)
library
ioft drive (GB) / driveway (US)
study
lolt conversion letter box (GB) / mait box (US
receplr0n r00m
sash-wi ndow bird table / feeder
dormer window
foyer / entrance hall
pantry / larder
. HOME. 21
BUILDING A HOUSE
I
I Try answering some of these 1r'
questions before reading the text.
Then read it to correct and check the
answers and complete the task.
GRANDFATHER'S GIFT
1 When the author first saw the house, When we inherited this old house from my grandfather, my first
she was
a excited.
thought was to pull it down and start all over again. The roof had
b sceptical. collapsed in several places, the floor was sagging, and itjust generally
c relieved. looked a mess. My husband, George, is a building contractor, and
0 angry.
he wasn't put off by how bad the house looked. He went straight to
2 According to George, what was the the cellar to inspect the foundations. If the foundations were solid,
most important part of the house?
a the roof
he said, the rest could be repaired. They were, so we called an
b the rafters architect and started drawing up plans for renovating the house.
c the foundations
d the environmentally-friendly The biggest problem was the roof. It had several holes in it, and the
I
featu res beams and rafters were rotten almost all the way throllgh. So we
1
3 Now that the house is finished, the replaced the roof altogether, put in new rafters, then covered the
auIn0 r roof with new shingles. We replaced the floorboards and then covered I
a wishes they were still building it. them with lovely wall-to-wall carpeting. I
b thinks it wasn't worth all of the
problems they had to deal with. George and I didn't just want to build a house that would last. We also I
c is happy it is finished.
I
d wishes they had done some things wanted it to be environmentally sound, something that we could f-eel
differently. proud to live in. We therefore installed state-of-the-ar1 solar panels on I
the roof. We lined the walls with extra-thick insulation and installed
tr
lFind a word in the text that means double-glazed windows so the house would keep in the heat. We even
reused the huge piles of sawdust that were left over from the job. We
the lollowing.
had them compressed into wood pellets that could be burned in our
r to have something passed new wood-stove. It's amazing. One scoop of pellets burns for as long
on to you when its previous as a whole los of wood. and heats the whole house.
owner dies
Sometimes, when I'm sitting in fiont of the stove with a glass of
r discouraged
wine, I almost miss the days when this old house was just a barren
j
r damaged by water / age

skeleton, full of possibilities. Then I think of all of the sore muscles
I
r to press together
and blisters, of all of the problems we ran into along the way, and
i
r empty
I'm glad it's all behind us and that now we can just sit back and
I
r small sores caused by enjoy it. i
rubbing the skin too much I

__,J
Building a House
building site / construction site mortar Tools and construction
to renovate an old fiouse co nc rete machinery
to rebuild cement excavato r
io level the ground g rave I

bu || dozer
tn din lho fnrrndetinnc prefabricated sections cement mtxer
r^ ^^^1,, (^" ^ ^^.t^^^^ scaffo ld i ng
ru dppry rur d il1u[udgu ferro-concrete
building society (GB) / savings and timber (GB) / lumber (US) wheel barrow
loan institution (US) {l oorboards sn 0ve I
beams and rafters trowel

Building materials
pranK 0uc Kel
bri cks
buill of brick ti le
sto ne slate
breeze-bl ocks sh ing le
HALL
I t,no the following in the picture.
It l7 (lighr)switch
1 doormat
18 clock
2 hinge
19 coat rack
rst 3 doorhandle
20 cupboard
ad 4 peephole
tlv r.r
3 keyhole
nd f Customs and manners vary lrom country to country.
6 letter box (GB) Are there "fronl-d00r" behaviour differences between your
to mailbox (US) country and Britain / US?
id,
7 lock and (security) chain
an to wipe (one's).feet
8 threshold
to take sb's coat / hanp one's coat
9 doorstep
he to turn
10 wall-to-wall carpet x rug
,ve to look through
he
ll entry phone / intercom
to take o.ff one's .shoe.s
ed l2 keys
to ring the (door)bell
l3 staircase
to bolt the door
,so
t4 staircase landing
15 handrail / railing at
:el
on 16 bannister
d Look at the picture carelully again and spot one mistake
the artist has made.
ed
'en
ffe
)ur
)ng
of
ren
les
Lnd
nd
. HOME. 23
BEDROOM
I r.t
I Find the following in the picture lYou may not like the bedroom below. Draw your ideat one, adding the Ir
below. missing things. You could also just write their names into the picture.
I double bed
1l
e.g. exercise bike, piles ofdirty tlothes on the.floo4 u tlog or o cat, u bible, a cradle, etc. 2t
2 headboard
3
3 sheets and blankets
4)
4 bed linen
5'
5 pillowcase
6 eiderdown (GB) / duvet 6r
(GB)/down comforter (US) tl
7 mattress 8l
8 chest of drawers 9r
9 dressing table 10r
10 mirror 11 I
11 stool 12:
12 bedside table 13t
l3 bedside lamp 14s
l4 alarm clock 15 1
15 wedding photo 16(

16 fitted wardrobe / builrin 17 I
wardrobe (GB) / closet (US) 18t
t7 curtain 19t
18 head of the bed x foot of the 20t
bed
t9 window sill 2lt
20 power point (GB) / socket
22r
BATHROOM
23 toilet seat ar
rg the
t Find the following in the picture. J Discuss the usage of the
24 pedestal
I bath/bathtub/tub
following words with your
25 cistern teacher.
'le. etc.
2 shower 26 (bathroom) mat
3 laundry basket (made of cane) 27 tiled floor / floor tiles toilet
4 hand / bath / beach towel 28 back scrubber
bathroom
5 washbasin / handbasin 29 shampoo and conditioner
restroom
6 towel rail / rack 30 rod / rail
WC
7 bath mat r.l loo
8 bidet lHete are some verbs connected
9 medicine cabinet / chest with the nouns in exercise 1 - try lo lav
t0 shower cuftain match them. lavatory
1l bathroom scales to take / have a long bog
t2 soap: a bar of soap the john
to stand on
13 plug to fill / run
t4 sponge
l5 flannel (GB) / wash cloth (US)
to spray every-thing I| "To go to the toilet" is a very
to pull direct expression in English.
t6 comb
to.flush
t7 brush
Note these expressions: to powder
18 toothbrush to squeeze
one's nose, to wash one's hands, to
t9 toothpaste to go to / sit on / read on
be excused, to spend a penny, etc.
20 toothmug to clean
2l toilet to overflow Do any of them translate from
22 roll of toilet paper to slip on your own language?
I_- -_*.
-\-\-----""_ /_z
.HOME - 25
KITCHEN
t
I Find the following in the picture and group them under the following headings:
1 kitchen unit 15 mlcrowave oven

2 cupboard 16 refrigerator /
3 kitchen sink fridge
4 tap (GB) / t7 rubbish bin (GB)
faucet (US) / trash can (US)
5 bread bin 18 electric kettle
6 draining board t9 toaster
7 dish rack 20 shelf
8 pelmet / curtain 2l sieve / strainer
rail 22 washing-up
9
Venetian blind liquid (GB) /
dishwashing
10 dishwasher liquid (US)
11 stove / cooker 23 dishcloth
12 knife and fork 24 ladle lmixing /
13 extractor fan / wooden spoon
cooker hood )< mug
14 oven 26 kitchen towel /
tea-towel /
drying-up cloth
LIVING ROOM
\) (\
\J
I
t
C) \_,_-=---r'
O
| 0n the right there are s0me old pieces of furnilure found
in the living room. lf each of them could talk, what would
they say?
r\
\_/
c>
rocking chair
chest of drawers
grandfather clock
nest of tables
tt
I How do you like to relax?
What would be in your dream living room that could help
you unwind after a hard day at work or at school?
Using the empty diagram on the right, describe your ideal
living room. Would you use any ol the pieces ol furniture
in the pictures on this page?
W
re
Living Room nest of tables grandfather clock

wall unit magazrne racK French windows
fi replace plant rack shutters
mantelp iece drinks cupboard / cabinet vertical blinds
pai nti ng rocking chair chandel ier
lamn
bookcase reclining chair Jtdlrudru
^+ârla..l rdil rp
shelves swivel chair spotlight
war0r00e wing chair dimmer switch
sofa/couch/settee oak table electric fire
sofa-bed sideboard (GB) / china cabinet (US) gas fi re
coj{ee table piano doubie glazing
. HOME. 27
GARDEN
I prune the fruit trees I
I Do you have a garden at your house? Do you enioy working in il, or do you
TL
see it as just another chore? you (
mow the grass
rake the leaves

,\
at LH
lLook at the pictures below. Name the actions and/or the tools. you i
dig the garden
call i
at water the plants a

.l wtatcn the pictures and the phrases on the right.
weed the flowerbed
b
trim the hedge with shears
{ tou, neighbour is getting a little bit too old to take care of the garden by
c
hersell and has asked you to help. Take a look at the list ol chores on the right prick out the seedlings
and decide which ones you should do, which ones she can do by herself, and
which jobs can be done by both ol you. thin out the carrot patch d
spread manure in
the vegetable plot e
V
plant the lettuce
ii
and cabbage
f
(oli ,
-il lay
" sow the lawn (l
D
t7)
h
fiTt
@ J
@ otf
call?
What
Write
N |_
I
I
Garden
allotment' garden " land to dig the garden lawnmower
fsn6s , hedge fl owerpot watering can
rockery (GB) / rock garden (US) window box hose(pipe)
II
SNTUD nursery box wheel barrow I
a
I
OUSN sapling deckchai r T
I
poor soil I
{eriile
" barren / infertile / / earth spade spray nozzle
manure/dung"63Pp651 IIOWEI nrrdon nlinnorc / qhprrq Ia
a
lawn flowerbed , vegetable plot secateu rs
' snOvel
I
to piant st" sow seeds hoe work gloves / garden gloves I
I
to prick out (GB) / transplant (US) pitchlork vegetable seeds I
!
I
to graft rake grass seed I
I
to be in bud lawn / grass rake step ladder
I
I
to bloom (flowers) scythe chai nsaw I
I
I
to be in blossom (trees) sickle I
MAINTENANCE
Ow oP
I
I Look at the pictures and name the tools and actions
N-a
d
lf ul s
you do wlth them.

I'
i.
c %@@
f,
6
/How handy are you? Which of the following things would
you attempt to lix yourself and which ol them would you
call in a specialist for? Circle the letter lor these.
a a dripping tap
,tli}{r:;
b peeling paint on the window frames

(9)
'll::,
c a gas leak
d a broken water heater
e
f
installins new shelves in the larder
WT
Fr"
building a conservatory
{t
D putting in a satellite dish
j
fixing a broken lawnmower
installing a high-voltage electrical

outlet for a new washing machine
t N
putting in a phone jack in the study
\
*1
II
I
I
al
.f
call?
tt you did decide to call in a specialist, who would you
What tools and materials would be needed for each job?

Write at least two next to each job.
Maintenance
hw
(N.8. The nouns printed in italics can alsa be used as veros.)
sary ' fretsaw " (spirit) /erel socket set prumDer
N AC KSAW T-square vice (GB)/ vise (US) locksm ith
!
I
hanner (electric) drili spanners (GB) / wrenches glazier
!
axe / hatchet plane (US) interior decorator
!t
t
nai I chlsel set open-ended ring (GB)
box end (US)
' / roofer
a SC TEW mallet tiler
a
I
I drawing pin race
adjustable (GB) / crescent
b
wrench (US) to wh itewash
glue
I
I
(paint)brush
pair of pliers
' pincers
mole grips (GB) / vise to distemper
clamp grips (US) to lay the tiles
(paini) roller to service to build the walls
Iape neasure I0 ren0vate Skilled labourers / tasks
bricklayer to paint the furniture
I folding ruler to maintain
plasterer to hang wallpaper i
nuts and bol/s to repair I nend I wat tpaper
I
I sc rewd r ive r fix (up) carpenter " joiner
I to assemble ' il?ko furniture
.J file too I box electrician
. HOME. 29
HOME - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
T
I Read the following passage and lill in the missing words. lRr
Largely depending on their means, people in Britain live in a diverse variety of 1 a_______ ranging from Ther
country 2m____ to single rooms or hostels in the inner cities. The majority, however, live in 3 h___ and provi
(to a lesser extent) flats, either as owner-occupiers or as 4 t__*____ paying rent. About 19 per cent of houses are cent
5 d 31 per cent are semi-6 d_______ and 29 per cent are 7 t_______. Owner-occupation increased they
substantially between 1971 and 1994. Most people buy their homes with a 8 m ______, with the 9 p___ as
and r
8m_
security. 10 B______ societies are the largest source of such loans, although banks and other financial institutions
th_
also take a significant share in the mortgage market.
ll
I I Match the lollowing expressions with the lour nouns ACC0MMODATION (a), NEIGHB0URH00D (b), LOAN (c) and ll^
(d)a
INTEREST/MONEY (d) and translate the collocations.
11 to hunt for 19 to move into / out of a
12 to calculate 20 bank
13 to pay back / off a 21 suitable
14 ... rate 22 to provide
15 shortage of 23 ... accumurares
16 to grow up in a 24 dangerous
17 middle-class 25 generous
18 to take on / out a 26 to live off the
|| | the following w0rds inlo the sentences and try to interpret the metaphor; what are the equivalents in your ill
own
'nttu
own language? I
HOME CEMENTED BRICK WALL ROOF
In recent years, her career has gone through the 27

In the process, he 28_ his control over the company.
lt was like talking to a29-: nobody paid attention to what I was saying.
There was a huge propaganda campaign to drive 30_ the message.
lV nu this crossword.
IV
Across Down
'1
. a large impressive 2. a small window in a
house roof or ceiling
5. a room used for 3. a long metalor
both living and plastic channelfixed
sleeping in under the edge of a
7. space directly under roof to carry away
the roof of a house, the water when it
used for storing rains
things 4. a private road or
area between a
house and the street
for the use of
vehicles
6. a structure covering
or forming the top of
a building
HOME - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I
I Read the following passage and fill in the missing wotds.
from There are some 5 million houses and flats in the public housing sector. Most of the public t h- in Great Britain is
_ ano provided by local housing authorities. Thirty-seven per cent of local authority tenants live in 2 f_, thirty{hree per
S dIY t_
cent in 3 houses, and twenty-five per cent in semi-4 d_ houses. Most have the right to buy the homes
raseo they 5 o_ if they wish. Housing associations are the main providers of additional low-cost housing for 6 r_
and for sale to those on low incomes and in the greatest housing 7 n_. Associations now own, manage, and
_as
I m_ almost a million homes and about 65 thousand hostel bed-spaces in Great Britain. Almost 10 per cent of
rtrons
I h_ are rented from private 10 l_
r) and ll tu,rn the following verbs and adiectives with the lour nouns INHERITANCE (a), HOME (b), HOUSE (c), and D00R
(d) and translate the collocations.
11 to work from 19 to answer the
12 to (re)decorate 20 to claim
t!) to set up 21 to demolish
1A
t+ worthless 22 sliding
tc revolving 23 to squander
tb sprawling 24 to refurbish / renovate
17 to come into 25 magnificent
1B second 26 to slam
TII
n your | | lnsert the following w0rds into the sentences and try to interpret the metaphor; what are the equivalents in your
|
own language?
RUINS FOUNDATIONS CEILING WINDOW
The convention offered a27_ on the latest green technology.
They decided to put a 28- on the income of MPs.
The 29_ are being laid for a steady increase in energy prices for the next year.
Her career was in 30
lV nu this crossword,
Across Down
1. a seat without a 1. a long soft seat with
back or arms a back and usually
3. a large long with arms, for two or
container for water more people
in which a person 2. a small opening in a
sits to have a bath wall, door, curtain,
6. the floor or ground etc through which
at the bottom of a one may look
doorway, considered 4. sheets and
as the entrance of a pillowcases
house 5. a flai board fixed to
a wall or forming
part of a cupboard,
bookcase, etc for
things to be placed
utl
. HOME. 31
FOOD 1o
Woulr
Shoul
2*
Look at lhe pictures below and match them with the following words:
rTl
ea
asparagus cauliflower peppers sqr-rash
a
-qrapes
blackberries celery chilli / chile peppers pumpkin green beans
blueberries sweetcorn lettuce radishes turnip b
broccoli eggplant / aubergine peas spinach watermelon

c
cabbage
d
@,,
r 'f{"
2Sh
be
@n d
t
4B ffi
ffiffim
til
[irt l*
@
l-l
l;l
I't
Itr
li'i
$
HEALTHY EATING
I Oo Uou know anyone who is a vegetarian?
Would you ever consider being a vegetarian? What things would you miss the most?
Should children be vegetarians? Do you think that it is healthy?
2 lG, Listen to the recording and answer the questions.
I The speaker says that she quit 3 The speaker doesn't eat fish
eating meat because because
a her parents gave it to her with a it is full ofpreservatives.
every meal. b she doesn't like the taste.
b she had a pet sheep who was c it's too expensive.
killed for meat.
d it gets contaminated by water
c she doesn't think it is healthy. pollution.
d she prefers fish.
4 She says that she
2 She thinks that meat isn't healthy
because a can't imagine not being
a vegetanan.
a it is fattening. b would eat healthy meat if she
b the animals it comes from could lind it.
aren't raised naturally. doesn't like beans but has to
c it causes heart disease and eat them fbr their protein.
high cholesterol. has had to learn how to cook
d it spoils before it gets to the new things like pastas and
market. stir-fries.
Healthy Eating bouillon /

stock cube apple
walnuts
m
Meat catfish / wels
chicken noodle soup
hazelnuts
H minced meat/ mince (GB) I zander Milk /
Dairy produce
A
coco n ut
ground beef (US)
A'1
i7 Game
(semi-)skimmed milk
' ar m0n0s
E
|''1
IV
f'l
offal
beef
veal
ven ts0n
hare
pheasant
(il)
\*-/
fulljat milk
yoshurt
cheddar
f#,\
ti | .))
fi gs
OAIES
ra ts Ins
t, I pork blue cheese \:j/
partridge Vegetables
lam0 nnttenp nhopcp
rabbit /.\ll
:Hil A
I
on ion
MUIION
wild boar garl ic
baco n
bear
/." \-;:' (. ):_.rjrt?
\,9
teeK
ham
sm0ked meat
blackcock
,h\
nuts
Fruit and cucumber
P capercai || ie banana aubergine / eggplanl
@
sausage
€lt
ffi
lemon potatoes
salami Pou ltry
0range carrots
tinned meat O UCK
grapefru it parsn j p
g00se
lunchmeat / cold cuts (US)
\:'/ pineapple
satsuma \\6- '
celeriac celery
liver broiler
koh I rabi
ki dneys cap0 n
f nectarine r'1,\ Rrrrqqplq qnrnrrtq
r/ tanserine (((i
tr pe tu rkey
//-\ llJ) r0mat0es
Fish
chicken
free-range eggs
bilberries / blueberries \J*'., 0eans
hornq
carp cran be rr es i
nrpon
9|wv| wvu| |U /GR\ // \v9l
'
Ir0ui Soups l_-/ French beans /
W
rr es
ras p De
pike clear soup / broth gooseberries string beans (US)
eel cream sOup
// strawberries
lentils
mixed pickles
c0d Irpe s0up OK mu lberries
t-l gherki ns
sal mon pea sOup
sardi nes vegetable soup (59 cu rrants
cnerry
F1
\*l
mushrooms
mackerel tomal0 soup \ijA plum rhubarb
('o*' V horserad ish
tu na mushroom soup aprcot
SEA bASS peach courgette (GB) /
n000les
zucchini (US)
perch liver balls pear
. FOOD. 33
HEALTHY EATING
.t
J Discuss whether the following foods are healthy or 5 ls it healthy to eat/drink the items below? Why or 1t,
why not? belovr
unhealthy and say why.
what
How healthy is the cuisine of your country?
french fries
green salad *1 / ffi'kN, th icke
---{l roast
BBQ oork ribs
"w
'v:
ce rea I
WT
f-o\ -= S
-W mrcr0
q uarr
dark bread
+;;r--,,,t
ice cream
wh isky
ry
@ffi
salty foods
fresh lruit
TV dinners
cof f ee
fried chicken
fish
chocolate
fried cheese N
$
s
I
4{ notes describing your personal preferences in
wtat<e
eating and cooking and what you think may have
influenced them. Then exchange your views with other
sludents. In groups ol lour, prepare a short report for lhe
cl ass.
Healthy Eating Cr
nou rishment pu r ses sundae brownies (US) Sea
(b ra
to be weight conscjous soya meat / crumbles i chunks frozen yoghurt
Meals and snacks
whi
low-calor e f ood high-f bre d et lelly (GB) / jello (US) / gelatine to grab / snatch a bite to eat
red
to be overweight saturated / unsaturated lats tam (GB) / telly (US) to lunch at one's desk
to get fat thyr
health food / whoie food marmalade
packed lunch (GB) /
to put on weight parl
Sweets and confectionery Cakes, pies and pastries sack unch (US)
to be slimming sag
cu stard sponge cake elevenses (GB)
to lose weight bas
pa n caKes lrult cake I0 p0p 0ul
to eat modestly cn l\
ice cream cone appie pre to go out for lunch / dlnner
to tle on a diet d irl
cn0c0rate apple strudel works canteen / cafeteria
anorexia nervosa r0s(
toffees apple / rhubarb crumble uncheon vouchers (GB) /
buiimia mar
candy bar (US) 0un lunch tickets (US)
Weight Watchers (famous to have lunch with sb
CU TI
candy floss (GB) / cotton candy 00ugnnul
slimm ng club) 0re(
(US) tart to send out for sandwiches
vegetar an nutr
semolina pudding biscults (GB) / to live on coffee and cigarettes
vegan clor
banana spiit cookies (US) pub lunch
meat-eaier grn(
rice pudding sc0 ne liquid lunch
factory-farmed meat min
trlile (GB) muf f in brunch
p rese rvat I ves an ls
Chrlstmas puddlng (GB) cru mpet
grains cinr
COOKING
I al
lhtt I Separate the following verbs into the three categories / ln pairs, make notes in your own language as y0ur
below, then describe the difference between them saying partner dictates a recipe to you. Then wrile a recipe for
what kinds of foods are typically prepared in this way. your favourite meal.
Chicken Parmesan (serves 2)
thicken poach crush stir stew scramble 2 full chicken breasts, 3 tsp. oregano
roast peel simmer chop blend dice boned some f'lour
1 16 oz tin tomato paste 2 tsp. dried basil
microwave boil mince pur6e try grill 3 eggs
3 cloves garlic
1/4 lb. parmesan cheese
I tsp. salt
quarter bake whip beat steam sautd juice of 1 lemon 112 lb. mozzarella cheese
I onion 1 tsp. pepper
I package breadcrumbs
l\ In a large bowl, beat the eggs. Mix in the lemon juice and
apinch of parmesan cheese. Add chicken breasts, making
sure that they are completely covered by the egg mixture,
t/;.n and allow to marinate for 6 hours.

Preheat oven tcl 200' C.
Peel and crush the garlic. Dice the onions. Cover the
bottom of a small saucepan with a thin layer of olive oil,
add the garlic, onions, oregano, and basil. Saut6 over low
'.sr..
heat until soft. Add tomato paste and simmer for
30 minutes.
ns Heat a thin layer of olive oil in a small pan. Take chicken
,v breasts fiom the egg mixture and cover in a light layer of
flour. Dip chicken back into the eggs and then cover with
a generous layer of breadcrumbs. Place gently in the pan
and brown lightly on both sides.
Pour enough tomato sauce to cover the base of a small
casserole dish. Add the chicken breasts, cover with the
remainder of the sauce and sprinkle the grated cheese on
top. Bake for l5-20 minutes or until the cheese is golden
brown.
Serve with spaghetti or oven-baked potatoes, mixed green
salad, and a good red wine.
Bon
Cooking
Season i ngs cumin (powder) saucepan collecting cook(ery) books
(black) pepper caraway frying pan ovnhrnninn roninoc
white pepper allsp ice 00ugn a foody (sb obsessed with food)
: red pepper / paprika chillies pastry gourmand / gourmet
thyme soya sauce i soy sauce co rnfl ou r connoisseur
parsley vinegar breadcrumbs luxury foods / fancy loods
sage mustard self-raising flour seafood
basil qrled drpqqinn baking powder satm0n
:'l chives
d itl
r0semary
marJ0ram
Cooking
i ngredients
a pinch of
Q|'OV}I x $flUgg
mashed potatoes
puree(d) potatoes
crr rtpo/d) /nntrtnpc\
wuvLwv\v/
caviar
lobster
champagne
vintage wine
/ sparkling wine
to add
curry (powder) dump ngs quail's eggs
to bring to the boil i ce
Ii
0 re0an 0 a boil rr snacks
l
nutmeg to dip stewed fruit canap6s
clove(s) to marinate canned fruit open sandwiches
gi nger to bottle Cooking for pleasure sandwiches
mrnt to pickle "The way to a man's heart is through appelrsers
aniseed baking tin his stomach." crisps (GB)/ potato chips (US)
ci nnamon casserole (dish) nrprtinn nprrr diqhpc peanuts
. FOOD. 35
EATING OUT S
I T IT
I Put the following steps I to" fill in the missing information in the following dialogues.
to eating out in the corect I
order.
Dialogue A Dialogue B I
I
I
Hello, Bistro LeReepov, how may I help Good evening, my name is Marcelle, and
reserve a table
you'? I will be your waiter fbr the evening. Are I
I
I
leave a tip Hello, I'd like to reserve a table for the you ready to order? I
I
leave your coats in the evening of the twenty-fourth, please. Yes, I think so. T
cloakroom I
eat the appetiser I

I
order your meal Two, please. I think we'll start off with the mixed
I
I
seafbod. t
look at the menu I
a
go to the restaurant I
t
ask fbr the menu f
Non-smoking, please. And, could I please t
have one of the tables that overlooks the No, I think we'lljust share one porlion. T
pay the bill I
bay? I
eat the dessefi I
I
wait fbr the waiter
seat you
tc.' :M
I
Yes, I'll have the Spaghetti Alfredo, and r
ask for the bill Oh, too bad. Oh, well, anywhere will do, I
then.
the lady will have... what did you want, r
eat the main course dear'l Oh, yes, fhe Macaroni Surprise. t
I
leave the restaurant t
I
I
Eight o'clock
? I
A bottle of your finest red wine, and some
!sr
ff-T
water as well.
I
I
I
Thank vou. Good bve. t
I
I
Thank you. I
I
r
Eating Out I
price lean fat , head waiter milk jug I
quality qlnur. nnnd qpniirp barman (GB)/
bartender (US)
beer mug :DI
IASIE inedible / unpalatable food \rvlne glass
nutritive value barmaid I
cafeteria cruet (GBXold-fashloned) / salt and
r
appearance steak house chef pepper shakers (US)
alt
menu planning grill room tablecloth
ln a restaurant
surroundings snack bar table mats
to ask the waiter for the menu lHe
nice atmosphere coflee-shop napki ns
to order an appetiser / an hors
good range of wines tearoom to lay / set the table d ishe
d'oeuvre (starter)
wide choice of beer takeaway restaurant (GB) i to clear the table
the main dish / course menul
spirits and liqueurs carryout (US) cutler;r
pub
vegetables /extras (GB) Atlanti
candlel ight sugar i0ngs
side orders (US)
soft music refectory cups dpccort( // nrrddinn /GR\ help a
uvwuw,
vu,,, I
rennad, / ninpd
y,Pvu mrrcie
,
/ landlord (GB) SAUCETS
'vw "uu,w /
something to drink follow
muzak inn bar'night club
' p lates
to ask for the bill (GB)/
undercooked, overcooked wine bar teaspoon Ameri
the check (US)
tough , tender waiter / waitress sugar 00wl oronl
SPECIALITIES OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN COOKING
gTXTTTGITBf IT!E'.AI'*TTTFT
, and
Are JJ'$ DI]IER Menu
MENU The Tud.or
: STARTERS Nook
Starte rs
'
10n.
_____l
:I MAIN COURSES
a
, and
Ant
I
t
lVlain co u rses
t
I
I
I
I
T
_'l T
I some
isroe oRDERS Vegetables / Extras
T
f
I
D t
I I
I
t ,
I I
I
:I DESSERTS fl
I
t
E g
I E
!rr!trrxrtrlttr!EStnrttrIart
BBQ Chicken Wings Fillet Steak with
1 Here are some of the Mushrooms and Onion Roast Duckling in
Spaghetti Bolognese
di shes currently lound on Rings Orange Sauce
Prawn Cocktail
menus on both sides of the Chips Philly Steak and
Baked Potatoes Cheese Sandwich
Atlantic. Ask your leacher for French Fries
Apple Tart and Jacket Potatoes
help and decide whether the Custard Pat6 and Toast
Chef's Salad New York Sirloin
lollowing dishes are on the Nachos Steak
American menu (on the left) Chili Cheeseburger Caesar Salad
Apple Pie and Ice
or on the British one. Banana Split Chocolate Mousse Cream
. FOOD. 37
SPECIALITIES OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN COOKING
1l
/ ln small groups, act out a scene Engli
at a restaurant. One person should for n
be the waiter, while the others are for tz
the customers. anlm
fbr st
prov(
stomi
at
cholr
.l Wtrat is on a typical menu in a
a cor
restaurant in your country? Wotk in
small groups and write such a menu. worl<
dead,
youn
One,
{ Choose one of the dishes and is tha
describe the things you can army
recognize. Your pafiner must guess pollu
which picture you are describing. back,
Then try to agree on what the
Brita
remaining things are.
gettir
Example: Briti
I think it could be a bowl of soup. comt
There is something like pasta next
armet
to...
centu
The thing at the back reminds me
inclir
of...
taste l
ofEn
Specialities of British and American Cooking At its
as an
cuisine / cooking rea0y-10-serve Tea fruit juice
junk / fast food convenience food 'put the kettle on" mrxers Howt
hamburger with lrench TV dinner kettle for boiling water teetotal ler half t
fries (US) / chips (GB) cook-chill food teapot rinsed with hot water you. l
Alcoholic drinks
hot dog spare ribs a teaspoonful for each cup and
hard drinks / spirits / liquor (US) on th
SIEAK "one for the pot'
T-bone
Coftee
an exceilent brand of tea
liqueu r nearl
sirloin black coffee scotch on the rocks side-r
Darjeel i ng
fillet coffee with cream whisky (GB) / whiskey (US & lrish) stree
Earl Grey
rump express0 beer and ale
China cousi
0arDecue cappucclno bitter
pizza caffe i n e Soft drinks lager cardb
haggis decaffeinated coffee plain water / tap water brown ale as pe
fish and chips "real" or instant mineral water stout / Guinness go al
roast chicken / turkey iltered tem0na0e "pi nt"
f
learn:
Yorkshire pudding perco lated apple cider (US) "real ale"
Cornish pasty Turkish p0p cider True
lrish stew coffee mill/ grinder nrlnnp qnt t:qh
wine ,|
roast beef collee machine (GB)/ ginger ale snerry

leg of lamb coffee maker (US) soda ' soda water ice cube
coffee grounds
z
Sunday joint / roast milkshake cocktail drinks
lamb / pork chops nrnrrnd nn{{pp malted milk short (GB) / shot (US)
malt to toast / drink sb's health 4
G
Fo<rd for Thought
English food has become, over the years, a byword
for mediocrity, for vegetables cooked to a mush,
for tasteless pies containing unmentionable bits of
animals, for soggy, greasy chips, sad salads, and
for starch, sugar, and bread with everything. The
proverb "the way to a man's heart is through his
stomach" probably owed as much to slow death by
cholesterol poisoning as it did to cuisine as
a courtship accessory. But like so much of the
world's view of Britain, it reflects a reality long
dead, a minor on an empire so long gone that few
young Britons today even know it existed.
One of the problems of taking over half the world
is that you have to fight for it. This puts men in the
army, women in the factories, and an awful lot of
pollution in the rivers. Plus people tend to fight
And the curious thing is that we had it all the time;
back, and a classic way to attack an island (like
we just weren't cooking it dght, or we had fbrgotten
Britain) is to blockade it - stop its food supplies
it could be eaten at all. Thirty or more species of
getting through. So, for a couple of hundred years,
edible and delicious fish are common round the
British men had to be content with the foul
British coast, with another 20 or so nearly
compromises that make up boarding school and
completely ignored in the fresh water, including the
armed services food, and the ten per cent of the 20'h
incomparable eel and the succulent fat carp. What
century devoted to world wars was marked by an
W inclination to eat nearly anything, as long as the
tastier dish than a fast-poached salmon can grace
the table at a wedding reception? Our pastures thrive
taste had been boiled out of it. Thus. the world view
in the famous English rain. Roast lamb with a hint
of English food is based on a certain amount of fact.
of herbs, perhaps rosemary or thyme, served with
At its worst, it is as boring, unhealthy, and tasteless
baked potatoes and lightly steamed greens, is nearly
as an aftemoon in a cigarette factory.
enough to make me fly home from Brno for Sunday
However, one ofthe advantages ofhaving occupied dinner. And, given that noone introduces lentil or
half the world is that half the world now occupies nut sanctions, the British vegetarian can feast on
you. Restaurants and takeaways offering variations some of the most tasty plant products in the northern
on the delicious cuisines of India and China have world.
nearly ousted fish-and-chip shops from the
In fact, the whole situation leads to some awfully
side-streets of Britain's towns, although in the high
politically incorrect conclusions. It seems to me that
streets the Great American Hamburger and its
the more warlike a nation, the less it appreciates its
cousins continue to franchise their own versions of
food. Think about it. Now the sun has long set on
cardboard cuisine for the uneducated palate. And
Britain as a world warrior, perhaps we can settle
as people grow up in multiracial environments and
down to more simple pleasures, like eating well.
go abroad for their holidays, so the English are
learning to appreciate decent food. TL 1998
True or false - give reasons for your answers.
1 English women tried to poison their men with
cholesterol. 5 All lndians eat fish and chios.
2 Everyone is still proud of the British empire. 6 The author likes hamburgers.
3 Boarding school food is delicious. 7 English people eat carp.
4 All people who say English food is bad are right. 8 Britain grows lots of lentils and nuts.
. FOOD. 39
FOOD
I
- PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
Itl
I Complete the sentences with the appropriate word. |
I | One of the following words can always be used in
I Cot
the sel of three sentences.
1 When asked for his _ for happiness, he gave a
SPICE (a) FLAV0UR (b) BITTER-SWEET (c)
1 lt'
very short but sensible answer: work and love. a
a recerpt 16
b Drescription the of the month, but our turn
b
c metapnor We're simply not c
d recioe will come again. d
A good image is one of the most vital _ for You should try for yourself. Then you'd get the 2Tl
E(
business success. of it.
a
a ingredients
Thev have a delicate like that of hazelnuts. and b
b examples
c
c preservatrves can be eaten raw or fried. d
d recrpes
My blood at the sight but I dared not speak. 17 3H

flt
a thickened s are important in Indian food for their qualities
b fried
as a digestive as well as their taste. D
c boiled c
d simmered Variety is the _ of life. o
At the time, there was a lot of interest in both of us from
He told us how a from his father helped rescue 4 tl
his marriage. Italian clubs, and that added _ to the game. tn
a beating a
b stew 18 b
c mrxrng
At 30, George will have the best part of his career still
c
d roasting o
ahead of him, decades that are sure to be filled with
This is another scheme that is not going to work. 5tt
^
d a^tt L^t-^l
t ldil-udNEU
ballads and funky dance numbers, for the
b self-raising man is a virtuoso of pop music.
o
c
c high-fibre
When I saw my childhood home, it brought back
d readyto-serve d
memofles. 6Tl
She kept me about what I knew.
a stirring This is a witty and tale of love and marriage
b
b frying spun from the threads of the three characters, in their c
c grilling
resoective voices. 0
d stewing
ll t TI
ll
D
I
ll I U Cornptete the lollowing expressions with either THY|\
I I Put the following w0rds in the right gaps. BITTER (a) or S0UR (b).
INGREDIENT ROOTS HOP CINNAMON
ALCOHOLIC ORANGE NUTMEG PEACH 19 to the end
CLOVES and fl
20 the wine was dilu <
Bitters are prepared according to secret recipes
21 pill to swallow such
usingbitterherbs,|eaves,fruits,seeds,or7- 8_
22 their marriaoe turned and
and sometimes alcohol or sugar. The taste is imparted by s
substances such as 8_ peel, gentian root, 23 a _ disappointment or experience chen
24 easterly wind
9_
rhubarb root, 9 flowers. and ouinine. Aroma flavot
is provided by juniper, 10_, caraway, anise, 25 to be about the way sb has been treated pure;
10_
11 _, camomile, 12-, and other 26 the relationship was going
flavouring agents. Bitters are usualiy named according to 27 it is going to leave a _ taste CJ5EI
the 13_ giving the predominant flavour, such 28 general suspicion continues to _ the
water
atmosphere amou
orange bitters and 14 bitters. The
12-
15 strength varies but is generally about 40 29 perhaps that was grapes
nulm
percent by volume 30 the argument became more marJo
FOOD - AND MORE PRACTICE...
sed in I
I Complete the sentences with the appropriate word. I
| | Orr ol the lollowing words can always be used in
1 lt's a stressful job, and unless you are very careful, it's the set of three senlences.
c)
a sure _
a bet
for disaster. JUICY (a) PEPPERY (b) SALTY (c)
b taste 16
'turn c orescriotion And there it was, my souffl1 de moules au thym
d rectoe
citronne. the most oerfect creation. fractionallv
2 This new proposal was just a version of his but cloud-like with mussels small and plump and juicy
earlier suggestion. tucked inside.
a watered-down
Out on the coast, where you'll be buffeted by _
;, and b slewed
c dissolved sea breezes, there are panoramic views to savour at
d blended every turn.
3 He escaoed the atmosohere of their crammed His vocabulary includes some quiie language.
flat.
llities a kitchen 17
b unsaturated Its comforting and aroma has a warmino action
n nraqqt tro-cnnkor
on the mind and body - helping to relax and ease
d cooking
nervous tension and stress.
s from
4 | helped him once again - | should have let him cresses and chives are thrown at the last
in his own juice. minute into a risotto with white wine and baby leeks.
a baste
b marinate According to Michael Jackson, an expert who knows
c stew more about malt whisky than is good for him,
r still d bake Glendibble has a _ character which explodes on
'ith 5 lt has brought the present crisis to the palate and makes your temples steam.
for the a boiling point
b freezing point 18
c point of view Of the remake of the 1982 French cult classic, Ihe
d dew point
Return of Maftin Guerre. Gere savs: 'We wanted to
6 The police _ him for hours. make something more emotional and
Jv a simmered Think of hot sunshine, oranges, tart limes, and
herr
b grilled
Aegean blue, and you have a perfect holiday.
c scrambled
d boiled But if you like _ Tuscan soups served just warm,
deep-fried artichokes and courgette flowers; flat, crisp
IT pizzas with melting cheese and herbs; and fish and
| | Put the lollowing words in the right gaps.
ther THYME FOOD ROSEMARY GINGER ARTIFICIAL meats from the grill, this is definitely the place for you.
VANILLA ALCOHOL CELERY LEMON
Ilt
Flavourings are any of the liquid extracts, essences, I lf Complete the following expressions with either
and flavours that are added to foods to enhance their taste SWEET (a) or SOUR (b).
and aroma. Flavourings are prepared from essential oils, 19 lllusions of youth have turned _ on his
from 7_;
such as almond and lemon; from tongue.
8-byextraction;frommixturesofessentia|oi|s 20 to have a tooth
and synthetic organic chemicals; or entirely from synthetic 21 Oo tip tf," nurr*n to keep him
chemicals. Water is added and sometimes certified
9__ colour as well. Extracts, essences, and 22 as bitter as the aftertaste of bad wine
flavours employing only natural flavouring agents are called 23 She tutted. She had a pleasant face but she
looked quite _ now
reated pure; those employing synthetics are called imitation or
10_ flavourings. 24 My grandparents were very _ to me.
Essential-oil extracts are prepared by dissolving an 25 She'll go her own _ way.
essential oil in 11 of the proper strength, adding 26 The milk has gone
water and, where desirable and permitted by law, a small
amount of certified food colour. They include almond, anise,
27 Try not let them your day.
12_, cassia or cinnamon, clove, 13_, 28 Look at that kitten. How !
nutmeg, orange, 14-, savoury basil, sweet 29 a sack of potatoes

marjoram, 15_, and wintergreen. 30 He's a little sad but not
. FOOD . 41
1*
SHOPPING What
What
STOP POURING YOUR MONEY DOWN THE DRAIN!

A linle extra money. That's what everybody wants, tinned goods, and pastas. But you can stock your
right? Just a little extra cash to spend on a vacation pantry for as little as half the price you would pay
or a special something for the house. For most in a large supermarket.
2*,
ls the
people, however, just paying for the regular bills things
and household shopping takes up every penny of Discur
their wages or salary. Well, take another look at those The number one rule for anyone wishing to save
bills and receipts, and you'll see a hundred different money is - never buy anything new, unless you
ways to save money, BIG MONEI just by being a absolutely have to. Every day our society throws away
little bit more caref-ul in your household shopping. everything fiom clothes to household appliances
which ere perfectly usable, sirrply because somebody
wants the newest model or the latest fashion. Of
For most people, the biggest drain on the household course! you don't have to go searching through the
budget is food. Just buying a little box of cereal or dump. But you can find perf'ectly good clothes at
3*'
and w
some rice for the house can pump up your shopping second-hand shops, tools and equipment at flea
bill by an incredible amount. One of the ways to markets, and appliances and furniture at charity
counter this is by fbrming a buying club and buying organisations like the Salvation Army. At these places,
in bulk. Buying clubs are groups of people who get you can not only get a good deal, but suppoft a good
together and buy directly fiom the large wholesalers cause as well. You must always be careful to buy
who sell food to such places as restaurants and quality goods, and not just something that will break
bakeries. These distributors only sell in very large down on you in a few weeks.
quantities, and most people don't need a hundred
pounds of rice. That's why people fbrm clubs, two
or three households which split up the goods If you decide that you want to treat yourself and buy
between themselves. You can't get everything from something new, there are still ways of saving money.
a wholesaler - only non-perishable goods like grains. Never buy anything until you have shopped around
and compared the prices a little. The end of the year, H
when most shops hold clearance sales to make room
for the new year's models, is the best time to get a
great deal on new goods. Reject shops sell slightly
damaged goods which, except fbr minor impert'ections,
lltl
are just like new except at almost half the price. For an
even better deal, ask the clerk if you can buy the
demonstration model. If it's been used, even only once.
it can't be sold as new at a new goods price. So throw
out all of those old bills, get out your newspapers, and
while you're looking for sales, take a look at the travel
section too. You'll soon have enough money for that
vacation you've been dreaming of. H
I
IWhat is the diflerence belween these places to shop? { Find a word in the text for each of lhe following:
What are each ol them best for?
What are some of their drawbacks? I a constant outflow, withdrawal, or expenditure
I the amount of money that you have to spend
supermarket
t an agent who supplies goods in bulk
u
corner shop
I the occupants of a house regarded as a unit
I subject to speedy decay
street market t
{! second-hand shop
a device or piece of equipment used for a specific
task
your I a place for depositing rubbish
I pay r'l I an institution or organization for helping those in

/What do you spend the most money on? need
ls there any way you could spend less money on those I shops with sub-standard goods
things? I a slight fault or blemish
Discuss ways to save money on the lollowing things:
SAVC f ood F
i you entertainment
! Here are the answers t0 some questions about the text.
Try to guess what the questions were.
away clothes Because they spend all of their money on bills and
tnces household appliances household expenses.
:body To bakeries and restaurants.

fu rn itu re
No. it would be too much food.
n. Of
at Never buy anything new.
;h the
res at
.f neaO the text and decide on titles for each paragraph Because they get tired of them and want something
new.
and write them in the spaces provided.
t flea You get a good deal and help a good cause.
lanty To make room fbr the new models.

Because it has been used in demonstrations.
laces,
good
r buy Going Shopping
break shop assistant (GB) flea market in great demand t0 ctOse
sales clerk i salesman, auctr0n in short supply early closing day
saleswoman (US) jumble sale (GB) sold out to take st back
attendant car-boot sale (GB) supply ' demand shop (GB) / store (US)
s n 0pKeepe r garage sale (US) to come across st department store (Harrods,
cashier junk shop (shop)window Selfridges, Tesco C&A)
d buy
customer second-hand shop to dress a window discount store
roney. shopper relect shop window dresser corner shop
round c0nsumer factory shop cou nter village shop
herd
rruru // diff irr Llt tn nlorco
u!r,rvu,( catalogue shop row ol shelves chain store
chnnninn rrpr
u,uu / nrpninnt
/ y,uw,,,v( mail order / catalogue shopping doon-froozo nnr rntor
Notices
room trolley (GB) / cart (US)
supermarKer cardboard box STOCKTAKING (GB) i
rgetO hypermarket string bag (wire) basket TNVENTORY (US)
tightly superstore to do some shopping cash-desk / till BACK IN A MOMENT

shopping list to go window-shopping i
queue (GB) line (US) LUNCH HOUR
clons, to shop lor si to be looking for st io queue up lor (GB) / CLOSING.DOWN SALE
For an a good shop for (e.g glass) to be trying to find st stand in line (US) / SHUT FOR REPAIRS
shopping centre to have run out of st line up (US)
ry the THIEVES WILL BE
shopping mall to be out of st / out o{ stock shop lifter PROSECUTED
/ once,
arcade t0 sn0p ar0un0
pi ckpocket BEWARE OF PICKPOCKETS
thLrow marketplace to chase around the shops shop detective
's, and casn ano carry to call at to purchase
market it's hard to get opening hours
travel business hours
market stall it isn't available
lr that covered market to stay open
. SHOPPING . 43
SHOPS
1a
dialog
ta kin 1
relatio
..: ( eO9MEneE
-fi-. 2ro
o : -,,. ,l\- AT" li rst
.r-\-t.;-y.ttr, a basketbal I travel agent's ftf#vsrumn .€
I wnat is your bottle of octrto enont'c
i/ ''
charar
lavourite shop? wh isky delicatessen (deli) ---'-.'l
1: ,ti;-" \ the sti
CD player Tlrrffiizo=''l
.j- :: or lals
What kind of things health food store Yctr[IDEs
fresh cod butcher's
do they sell there? lrozen pizza
lf you could open ba ke r's
greeting cards
guide book co nfectio ne r's
a shop, what kind ol
shop would it be?
fl
nammer
holiday
house
? I
JUdtuuu
^Â{^^n
shoeshop
chem ist's
Jilup
^h^^
/ Malch the items magazrne

nails and
stati oner's
newsagent's
on the left to the
place where they can
SCTCWS rr0nm0nger s
new boots D.l.Y. store
be lound on the right. perfume off-licence
Each place can only p lpe
su pe rmarket
be used once. rolls
booksto re
sandwich
furniture store
ffin.-,nF
sofa
steak sporting goods store
hi-fi shop
lsl
|I .,
ti YY
sweets lrxe
llsF 4l4l!
-==J
:-- *=
s5' ;5I-4 lE
f\ ,
1tt L .L- tofu tobacco n i st's I fluc
:r _r-E:|
.9'ry_ r: :
II barr
- Iw.+qG II WnO
I rol,
I '"''
! to b
I oric
I iner
,t
I m0(
I exp
Il" oea
lP
I Pric
Shops I gor
I oor
Food bookshop (GB) / booktore (US)
I tim
g r0ce r's second-hand bookshop (GB) / useO books (US)
I too
whole food store i health {ood shop recOr0 sn0p
I
I affo
/
g ree n g
dairy /
r0ce r's
milk-shop / milkman / milkround
newsagent's news stand
ironmonger's (hardware) II lts
puv
confectioner's
confectionery /
/ sweetshop
sweets
/ candy slore (US) electrical appliances, hi-f is, CD players, VCRs
g lassware
Itr
I ti
fishmonger's: wet fish (GB) / seafood shop (US) cnrna snop II tca
oul
corner shops antr q ues I'
I wal
Other shops
gift shop
D I Y (do-it-yoursel{) shop: tools appliances, materials
In(tt
haberdasher's | (bar
lewe iler's
toy shop |TU
lh
camera shop
optic ian's
dispensing chemist (GB) / pharmacy (US) /
sporting goods / sports goods II to s
totr
drugstore (US) I
I tnr
':
f lorist s I f lower-stand pc
!__f
. Topic-based Vocabulary "

SHOPPING AROUND
I Dialogue
,g I ig=i Listen to the following four
dialogues and decide where they are
I
1
Shoppers can get a better price at the hypermarkets because

taking place and what kind of they can buy goods in bulk.
relationship the speakers have. I Joe is a regular shopper who just buys odds and ends at the
.r store.
/For each of the four dialogues,
Dialogue 2
lirst describe the problem the
{t! characters have, then say whether O tre speaker can't afford the product until the sale begins.
i ,:'
1-.-f,, \ the statements that lollow are true I ttre saleswoman offers to sell her the product even though
or false.
she doesn't have all of the money to pay for it immediately.
Dialogue 3
TiEit I Lee thinks she got a good deal on her computer.
slE-
'FRUEi
TilW O Stre paid more money for a better warranty.
effi
!q{5i Dialogue 4
G
i
O tire shop doesn't usually have the model the customer is

!:- l looking for.
irf I ttre shop assistant
suggests mail order because she doesn't
Fpr want the customer to go to another shop in town.
ffi
F€L Shopping Around
,9E94 fixed prices r0 save m0ney 0n 0uality Ha i rd resse r Trade, advertising
fluctuating prices to pay quality goods to have an appointment foreign trade
I n casn
{i/^r ^^^l^
bargarn ilrJ(-t ^l^^^
tdJJ guuu) to have one's hair done home trade (GB) /
';--=
;)$ wholesale price 0y cneque 0ran0-new to have a trim domestic trade (US)
bV credit card exports'imports
retail price used to shampoo
T:::l:l put it on the plastic (coll.) to export or import
+-r-tT,.
to buy in bulk shop-soi led hairdo
to leave a deposit
/(-,-:\-.
pricel ist slightly damaged permanent wave(s) / -^^,,{^^r,,.^.1
ilrdilurdl,tu,r ^^^t^
uu vuuuJ
to lease / perm 0r ra\/V mateIals
inexpensive / cheap
rent-to-own (US)
demonstration model
/
reasonable display item curlers to do business with sb
monthly instalments competition
1{Ti moderate g uaran teed styling rods
LY expensrve
to be broke
inferior goods hairclip trade fair
exhibition ground
I
dear but worth the Red ucti ons laulty goods hairpin
pilce / money to get a discount to take st back lacquer / hair spray to exhibit
prces nave to sell at a reduced rece i pt hairdryer an exhibit
gone up / risen price to ask lor a reiund blow dry on display
gone down i Iallen cut-price goods to dye on show
consumer rights
I
family budget imperlect goods / to get your money back to bleach or tint one's hair on the stand
to be able to afford st seconds / factory
to be oflered credit highlights advertisement i advert / ad
affo rdab rel ects co m merc ia
I e colour rinse I
summer / winter sale Packaging to advertise

Payments crew cut
the January sales wrapper sales gimmicks
It s beyond mv nail polish
closing-down sale economy size hoardinq (GB) /
meahs. (o ld- man icu re
fashioned) clearance sale tin (GB) / can (US) billboaid (US)
h4r^4in jar
to have one's nails
I can't af f ord it. JpsUrdr
^^^î^l udr!ldil l
00ne p oste rs
purse (GB) big spender bottled ' draught beer
M iscel laneous
irresistible
wallet (GB) / extravaga nt canneO oeer lolder
thri{ty {oam packing beauty parlour leaflet / llyer
billlold
(US)
(small) change mean with money packet of biscuits cobbler / shoemaker handout
I (bank) note (GB) / (G B)/ box of chocolates heel bar (GB) fly-posters. sky
biil (us) tightwad (US) crate of drinks i
laundry launderette a0venrsrng
to short-change to oo on a shoooino / case of wine 0ry-cteaner to do st on the fly
to take in / cheat spendrnq spree shrink-wrapped / (radio TV, cycle etc.) to do st on the sly
I
to rip sb off shop till you drop vacuum pacKeo reparr sn0p promotional gifts
"While-U-Wait"
poff carton of milk sp0ns0rsnrp
-J
ri
. SHOPPING. 45
SHOPPING PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
T
I The lollowing expressions have been jumbled. Put them back into the right places in lhe sentences below. I rn'
MONOLITHIC JUMBLE HYPERMARKET SALE CHAINS SUPERMARKET
HYPERMARKET TROLLEY STREET WHOLESALE MARKET PRICES
I Mass distribution has changed all that. Today, the approach to a French country town is all too often dominated by
a _ with an immense car park, while many of the smaller stores have closed down.
The existing law limiting the expansion ol has not been effective. 2-3
Dear Father Simon, forgive me, I have sinned. lt was twenty years ago when I was chorister and our parish church
had a coffee morning and to raise funds for the church soire.
One woman, pushing a huge full of clothes, yelled: 'Nobody's stopping me. lt's free.'
A decree issued by the Soviet President, Mikhail Gorbachev, allowed companies to set their own _
for the next year. 5
Don't miss the chance to pick up a bargain in our bustling covered_ _! Open daily from 11
6
TI tl
I I Fill in the missing words. IT Fi
Harrods, Ltd., in London, the famous 7 d_ store was founded by a miller, Henry Charles Harrod, as a
8 g_ store in 1849. The 9 e_ expanded in the late 1800s, and many new departments were added. lt is
old{as
considered the United Kingdom's best department '10 s_.
Although the store still provides 11 g_ food items, its current emphasis is on high-fashion clothing. SCannr
Over the years, Harrods made innovations in many areas of store operation. In 1884, 12 c_ desks were placed packal
at convenient points to take 13 c_ payments; most large 14 r_ were using mechanical devices or runners
from tl
to move customers' money and change between 15 c_ and a central 16 c_ station. The following year the
invent,
store allowed limited 17 c_ to approved customers"
below
TTT rtem n
II I Match the words on the left with the goods on the right. Use each word once only.
18 a can / tin of a chocolates lll

19 a bar of b film / toilet paper
20 a roll of c cards / cigarettes (US)
21 a pack of d soup / cigarettes / razor blades
22 a box of e pearls
23 a packet of f beer / fish
24 a string of (t soap / chocolate
lV the incorrect word in the following phrases.

"n"ngel'll take it. Could
25 you sort it up, please?
v
26 Try it without destination, just on trial.
27 ls anyone tending you?
28 Just staring, thanks.
29 We have gone out of that item.
30 l'll let it up to you.
SHOPPING - AND MORE PRACTICE...
T
I The following expressions have been jumbled. Pul them back into the right places in the sentences below.
DISCOUNT MALLS PRICES SHOPPING SMALL MAIL SHOPS SALE

ORDER PRICE RETAIL CLEARANCE
:ed by Hypermarket distributors face tough competition from specialised chain stores which can match their
2-3 Inspired by the huge _of the United States, the French hypermarket not only offers cut-rate
lnurcn prices that _cannot match, but also cheap restaurants, clowns, pony rides and cinemas -
everything one might need to enjoy a weekend.
Passengers will be able to make phone calls, receive faxes and phone messages, shop by _
and even play computer games.
5 The monthly _index is a lagging indicator of inflation, as well as an imperfect one.
6 is a sale in which the goods in a shop are sold at reduced prices, because the
shopkeeper wants to get rid of them quickly or because the shop is closing down.
TI
I I Fill in the missing words.
Computer technology has had a significant impact on retail stores. All but the smallest shops have replaced the
It is
old-fashioned cash 7 with a terminal linked to a computer system. The terminal may require that the 8
c_ type in the code for the 9 i_; but more and more frequently the 10 c_ counter includes a bar-code
ng. scanner, a device that directly reads into the computer the universal product 11 c_ (UPC) printed on each
taceo
package. The cash-register 12 can then include brief descriptions of the items purchased (by fetching them
nners
from the computer database), and the 13 p_ information is also relayed back to the computer to adjust the
)ar the
inventory immediately. The 14 i_ system can easily alert the 15 m_ when the supply of some item drops
below a specified threshold. In the case of 16 r_ chains linked by networks, the order for a new supply of an
item may be automatically generated and sent electronically to the supply 17 w_.
Ilr
II I Match the words on the left with the goods on the right. Use each word once only.
18 a tube of a Jam
19 a bunch of b wine / milk I beer /whisky
20 a jar of c bread
21 a pad of d writing paper
22 a loaf of e flowers / bananas / grapes
23 a carton of f milk / fruit juice
24 a bottle of s toothpaste
lV Change the incorrect word in the following phrases.

25 Have you got a tie to snatch?
26 Does the display price conclude VAT?
27 Would you like to pretend the guarantee?
28 Are you being listened to?
29 What taste do you take?
30 Could I have a cook at that one?
. SHOPPING. 47
CLOTHES
I
I Look at the vocabulary in
the box below and try to sort
it out according to the season
and occasion on which these
pieces of clothing are worn.
Make lists under the
suggested headings:
q
d
Clothes
v
I
kn itwear Ladies'Wear Men's Wear
underwear lingerie vest (GB) / singlet (GB) / undershirt (US)
pyjamas (GB) / pajamas (US) niqht-dress(GB) / tank top
KNEE SOCKS nightgown (US) underpants i pants (G B)
jersey /
jumpe_r / sweater (US) / bra / brassiere boxer shorts
puflover (GB) knickers (GB) / panties (US) long johns
cardigan slip kn ickerbockers
shirt petticoat / halt-slip (US) 0tazer
T-sh i rt stockings j ac ket
hclt // narter
srrsnender ww,r
sweatsh irt
slacks / trousers (GB) / pants (US)
yu,rv, \belt
tights (GB) 7 pantyhose (US)

sports
Norfolk
[,
f"l: I
leather \-r
dressino oown (GB) / 0r0use
il
housetdat (US) /'natnrobe (US) twinset dinnet (GB) / tuxedo (US)
coat separates. suit
sm0Krng I
waistcoat (GB) / vest (US) fl'
trench coat cu lotte s
lounge suit (GB) i business suit (US) H
winter coat leggings
evenrng fr0users
ove rc oat fur coat
morning suit \
raincoat I nac I mackintosh evenrng dress
bow tie and tails / whlte tie and tails
anorak strapless dress
parka ball gown
,l
af 1/'
Z Describe what one person is wearing. Your
partner should find that picture. ls anybody
wearing anything that you have not found in the
list on the preceding page?
When using adjectives pay special attention to their

arder - see the following page.
. CLOTHES.
MATERIALS, COLOURS, AND PATTERNS
I
l wnen using adjectives to describe things, be careÍul to pay speciaI attention
to the sequence the adjectives have to go in. Take a look at the table below. As
a ruIe, yout opinion comes Íirst.
Your Opinion Size / Fit Age Colour Pattern Origin Material Style
casual tight new crimson plain Italian silk V-neck

semi-casual baggy old maroon striped French corduroy / crewneck
formal loose tan floral Spanish cord poloneck
elegant light lime-green polka-dot Taiwanese velvet turtleneck
beautiful lightweight amber speckled English flannel cowlneck /
comfortable strong fawn chequered Amerrcan denim hooded
tacky thick turquoise tartan Indian satin fu11
trendy thin purple batik Chinese brocade pleated

stylish heavy-duty mauve tie-dyed Japanese lace knee-/ca1f-/full-
wool length
old-fashioned heavy aqua(marine) pai sley Mexican
gaudy faded argyle polyester single-breasted
herringbone suede double-breasted
second-hand
zig-zag leather long-sleeved
worn-out
fur short-sleeved
shabby
|*nu,aÍe the patterns below caIled?
atll
aora
alla
all.
rrTvVvr
.LL---.-.,-,
7VV'7V\
--- -^- -----.--.
rvvvlzr
.f.'á.--.--.-i
rvvv'7\
^4. ,^. .-.-a- -^.
7a7V !Z'V\
^!-....Ó.^-.^^
2 Match the names oÍ the Íol|owing materials
IJ With the coÍresponding ends oÍ sentences.
1 Polyestet (a) is the matería| jeans are made Írom.
2 Leather (b) underwear is very sexy.
3 Denim (c) pyjamas are my Íavourite because they are So WaÍm and comÍortab|e.
4 Flannel (d) is a synthetic fibre and doesn't let your skin breathe.
5 Silk and lace (e) is a very controversial issue these days.
6 Wool (Í) needs to be oiIed periodica||y.
7 Fur (g) is warm and Íuzzy but cannot be washed in the usua| househo|d Washing machine.
50 . Topic-based Vocabulary '

DESCRIBING CLOTHES
I
I Name these types of collars and necks using the words lrom the box below.
-r-ffi\
k
@
ck
^1.
eN .t
,ck / Name these types of trousers and skirts using the words from the box below.
:k/
ed
d
-/full-
rh
asted
:asted
:ved
;ved
t
I
t
lt Describing Clothes
Neck
V-neck
Skirt
full
wide armholes
cuffs
'bib and braces" /
overalls (US) / dungarees (GB)
N r0un0 necK p I eated M iscel Ianeous

Trousers
square neck miniskirt handkerchief / hankie
slacks / pants (US)
crew neck knee- / calf- / full-length TISSUES
j eans
polo neck (GB) / turtte kitt
sto ne-wasned scarf
neck (US) slit/withaslit faded bodysu it
cowt necK
hooded neck Suit patched tunic / overshirt
s i ng I e-b reasted torn / ragged f u lly lined
shawl neck
double-breasted stretch loose fit(ting)
Collar turnups cut-of{s e I asti cated
se pa rate
3-piece shorts
tnilctrioc // nprcnnrl nrro
Pwr uvr rur vur v
col lar stud f lares / bell-bottoms
p rod ucts
button-d own S I eeves
drainpipes
Eto n rolled up
turn-up raglan
. CLOTHES. 51
FOOTWEAR
I
I Which part ol the shoe do the
words go with?
1'
c0rIt
heel
toe
s0le
strap
buckle 3
lace 4
/'l Look at the dillerent kinds of

lootwear. Match the names and the
pictures.
0n what occasions do you wear
them? Talk aboul them using some 6
of the adjectives in the vocahulary
box below.
trainers
hiking boots
sti lettos
loafers l0
sandal s
11
clogs
t2
13
Footwear t4
sn0eraces hiking boots t0 s0le
court shoes
san0ars
nrtont lorthpr chnpc
vqrw,rLlvur,,w,
to fasten
u,,uwu
/ do up your shoes (GB) /

to
I
heel
oafers
2'
verbs
slippers tie (US) clogs
moccasins to undo / untie walking shoes
pumps to try 0n sports shoes
0 r0g ues to be a size too big ' too small stilettos / high heels / high-heeled
lace-up shoes to put shoe polish on flat / low-heeled
slip-ons to clean pointed )
l:
bo ots to polish / shine fashionable I
Wellington boots / gumboots to brusfi p latfo rm
gal 0snes to slip on / put on ill-fitting' comforiable
sneakers (US)/ plimsolls (GB) to slip off / take off tight tn
/ trainers (GB) / tennis to change suede g(
shoes / running shoes to wear down / out strong / thick / heavy-duty
gyms h oes to wear through
ski-boots tofix/mend lrepau
DRESSING AND UNDRESSING
I
I Fill in the gaps in the lollowing sentences using the verbs on the right in the
correct lorm.
L She went into the bathroom, turned on the water in the shower and to match
then
to take off
2 Mark always brushes his teeth and eats breakfast before
(e) in the morning. to put on
to change out of
3 She quickly the child.
to change into
4 I thought the shoes were actually the right size, but when
them I realised they were to try on
I too tight.
to fit
5 Last Halloween I
L as the Queen. to grow out of
6 This dress used to me, but now I've put on so to roll up
much weight that it really needs
to let out
Whenever I get to the office, my coat,
to take in
rny tie and my sleeves.
to get dressed
I bought this great dress at the second-hand shop, but it's too loose
and too long - it needs and to suit
She took off her muddy boots and some warTn to dress
slippers. to take up
10 When he comes home from school. John his to dress up
school uniform and normal clothes.
to clash
\ l1 That orange sweater really with this red skirt.
to get undressed / undress
t2 I don't think that make-up really you.
to loosen
13 How tacky! That girl's outfit her boyfriend's.
t4 These jeans don't fit me any more. I've them.
l
at
I SuV what usually happens in the following situations. Use as many of the
verbs from the above exercise as possible. at the tailor,s / dressmaker,s
after putting on weight
in a clothes shoo
choosing and buying new clothes
l in the morning
getting ready for school or work
at the tailor's / dressmaker's

after losing weight
. CLOTHES "
SPORTSWEAR AND WORKING CLOTHES
I lEx
I igi You are going to hear When she was younger, the speaker never thought of herself as very
beautiful. linger
a lashion model's answers in an
interview. Before you lislen, read the She got her first job modelling because her uncle was the calrleraman tights
statements on lhe right and mark on the photo shoot. a dres
them true 0r false, according to your She says that the pressure to keep thin is so high that it pushes some a spor
expeclations. models to do dangerous things to keep their weight down. an ov(
She says that keeping thin is hard work but she does it because it's all a sing
Can you work out what questions the part of the job. boxen
interviewer asked het? She likes doing photo shoots in exotic locations because she gets to a juml
see some interesting places.
braces
Then listen and check your answers. 6 She prefers fashion shows to photo shoots. a chai
7 She loves the feeling of finishing a show without anything going studs
wrong. a bow
She finds fashion shows very stressful but she likes doing them a suitr
anyway.
rl a T-st
/Malchthe clothes in the columns a broc
below to the people in the pictures glover
on the right.
going ona hike on
a cold day shorts
(Where necessary, use other atiea
expressions for ladies' wear): a shor
baseball cap silk shirt a dinn
a wris
trench coat jeans
winter coat argyle socks
thick wool socks u ndersh i rt

ng to the
office
2*,
recall
hiking boots T-sh i rt WI
long johns boxer shorts 30"
using
paisley tie cap and gloves as yol
corduroy trousers sports iacket A coul
jumper un0erwear
An ek
sweatsh irt leather loafers relaxing at home A divi
sweatpants
A sixtr
Sportswear and Working Clothes t-

lAc
I
(running tennis, etc.) shorts
tracksu it
swimsuit
bikini
oilskins
wate rp roof s II g,P
nar
jumpsuit bathing cap garters
sweatsuit / shell suit wetsuit

qefptv hnntq I strar
sa{ety helmet I woo

I eotard head band
anorak / parka goggles I scar
ski su it
ski jacket down jacket face mask II kerc
veil
hooded jacket hair net I
ski pants
camouf lage jacket / wristban ds I ever
ski gloves
rain jacket
camo
padded tackei I orec
swimming trunks
I Prec
one-piece / two-pig6g balhing suit
costu me
/ cagoule (GB)
apr0n
pads
j ockstrap
II strir
^ri^
I urli
. Topic-based Vocabulary'
ACCESSORIES AND JEWELLERY
I
I Explain the differences between the following:
lingerie and underwear
tights and leggings @
0me
t's all
a dressing gown and a night-dress
a sports jacket and a ski jacket
an overcoat and a raincoat
@
a single-breasted suit and a double-breasted suit
boxers and underpants
sto a jumper and a sweatshirt
braces and a garter belt
a chain, a pendant, and a necklace
J
studs and drop earrings
a bowler hat and a top hat
a suitcase and a briefcase
a T-shirt and a tank-top
a brooch and a bracelet
gloves and mittens
on
iay shorts and culottes
a tie and a bow tie
a shoulder bag and a handbag
a dinner jacket and a smoking jacket
a wristwatch and a dress watch
/FI
f Now, cover this side of the page and try to
recall all the items pictured.
at
.! Describe what these people could be wearing,
using as many expressions from this chapter
as you can remember.
A couple going skiing
A college student going to the beach on a hot day
An electrician
A woman going to the opera
A diving instructor
An old woman working in the garden on a chilly
A sixteen-year-old girl going to the disco autun-m aftemoon
Accessories and Jewellery

cap clasp cuffl i nks
hat ring braces (GB) / suspenders (US)
straw hat tiep in KNEESOCKS
woolly hat costume lewellery sunglasses i shades

scarf handbag (GB) / purse (US) cigarette lighter / case
kerch i ef umbrella walking stick / cane
veil foldaway umbrella
evenrng bag wristwatch (men) / ladies watch
precious metals pocket watch
precious stones i gems be lt
string(s) of pearls bu ckle
clip earrings ve I cro
. CLOTHES. 55
CLOTHES MAKE THE MAN 6*'
I your p
I
The Jacket This is a story in which one piece
of clothing tells us a lot about one
man. Read it first and then look at
vocabr
ich clever student first nicknamed our Enslish teacher the tasks below. Howf;
is lost in the myths and legends of a school full of stories, How c
but he made it meet all the reouirements of a
good nickname: it was a joke without malice, a keen 't
/Frcm the following list, choose Do yo
three words or phrases that can be
observation, and a nod of respect to a man about whom Doyor
used to describe both a kind ol cloth
we understood little, except that he knew how to be and a person. When
alone, which is the deepest of mysteries to
Have,
most teenagers. old coarse woven
Howc
We used to call him "The
roughly spun
Jacket", because no matter what How z
else he wore, his tweed sports affectionate prickly naked

jacket spoke for him. It was at ar
least as old as he was, 40 years .l Find a word that means:
7ô
or more, and both garment I nastiness. nasty intentions. with c
and wearer seemed made of meaning to hurt

the same stuff:roughly spun, 2 sharp, intelligent
prickly, coarse wool, tightly
woven and hung into a form
3 piece of clothing
that recognised neither time

nor fashion. It had lost all
shape long ago, which was
4
5
completely without hair, or
without clothes
very old
s\ \
\,1.',
just as well, because so had \6
he. Nearly-naked suede at the 6 completely finished, used
elbows and cuffs shone a up to the point that it has G
story of long hours at desks,
no more power
'\
It
while the curious and 7 stress, tightness
observant might notice a dark,
8 moved gently
oily stain on the right forearm,
the mark of an ancient shotgun
(
{ Answer the following questions.
slung there for long, F
thoushtfbl walks. I Does the writer like his ir

tc
For those brave English teacher?
tr
enough to get close to him - 2 Is it easy to get to know the II
or lucky enough, since he was English teacher personally? t(
{.
ta
a true and affectionate fiiend -
3 Is the English teacher well- +-
tc
the jacket smelt of dog and hand- -built? n
rolled cigarettes, of an absence of a Ir
raincoat, of spent gunpowder, and of a 4 Do you think he is, clr has h
been. married?
sweat that had nothing to do with dirt. The jacket was, or had been, a c
t.
mixture of dark, muddy brown and stormy sunset red, which matched 5 Does he smile a lot?
LC
d
his windburnt face perfectly. And it used to smile with him, fbr when F
his face relaxed and his eyes lit up, his shoulders too would lose their ! Write a similar paragraph that tr
t(
starts:
usual tension and drop fbr a moment, so man and jacket would greet c
lf one piece of clothing told me
you, as honest as a scrap of wool stirred by the breeze on a thorn-bush.
everything about him/her, it was
TL t995 his/her......
56 . Topic-based Vocabulary "

/F
(l neaO the lollowing questions and say a lew words to @ Washing instruclions.
your partner about each of them. Use the words lrom lhe Using some of the words bel0w, describe what the
l prece vocabulary section at lhe boltom of the page. lollowing symbols rnean. Explain all the other
ut one expressions.
look at
,**l {*J n v@t
How fashion-conscious are you? Talk about your own clothes. httl | //\ \ \\4+t!-/
\\-t4t/'l 4nol
How do you choose your own clothes? l. ./ \ I rY I
;hoose Do you read fashion magazines?

can be
Do you buy clothes for yourself only or for other people too?
rl cloth
Where do you buy your clothes?
Have you ever fried making your own clothes? lukewarm to hand wash x machine
n
How do you take care of them? wash
to tumble-dry
How abor-rt clothes repairs and alterations? to hang out the laundry /
aked to rinse washing
ns: a How are the following things and machines connected to starch to drip-dry
rtions,
f you
wilh clothes? Can think ol any others? to dry-clean to line-dry
to bleach to shrink
colourfast preshrunk
rair, or to wash separately to stretch
n ,[,
to crease x be
crease-resistant
to iron
used
it has
(D
$ *ow g0 through the above expressions once more
saying which material or part of clothing they are
typically connected with.
;tions.
Clothes Make the Man
Fash i o ns Making and mending to darn socks
in vogue /
fashionable vital statistics to patch the elbows
<e his
to come into / g0 out of vogue / {ashion lape measu re t0 rr0n
to be "in" be "out" " recycling centre to do the washing
rw the to follow fashion hand-me-downs washing machine
,naltry? to be fashion-conscious to hem to dry
fashion designer to sew to tumble-dry
r well- fashion show sewing machine tumble-dryer
m00ei needle and thread
Needlework
to do modelling thimble
embroidery
or has haute couture to work to a pattern
to embroider
couturier / dressmaker to cut out (a garment)
to crochet
tailor-made " ofi-the-peg (GB)/ rack (US) badly " welltailored
n00K
designer clothing to stitch * unstitch
to knit
rren0y to drop a stitch
rh that knitting needles
to buy second-hand take up or let down (a hemline)
knitting machine
charity shops i thritt shops to take in or iet out (waists)
ild me knitting pattern
to alter
it was to make lace
to wear thin / down / out
. CLOTHES. 57
CLOTHES - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
T
I Complete the following sentences containing idioms with the names of colours. I Cot
1 He claimed he had seen the agreement in _ and _.
1
2
2 They have been given the light to start the new project.
3
3 | always feel _ when it's cloudy and rainy.
4
4 lt's much better for you to be in the _ than to be in the having lots of debts to pay back. 5
5 The police caught him _- handed. 6
6 Bankers, lawyers, doctors, teachers and people who work in offices are called _-collar workers. 7
7 The Parkers finally sold their old car. lt was so huge and cost so much to run and maintain that it became
a_ elephant for them. I
8 | don't often get a chance to see my friend. He lives so far away - I only see him once in a _ moon. 9
9 Whenever you say that phrase I see _. I get so angry! 10
10 They were all jealous of him. He got so much money, much more than anyone else, they were _
with envy.
II R,
TT
| | Read the following text and put the expressions into the gaps. DESI(
METAL NEEDLES WEAVING STITCHING CLOTHES MAKING SEWING MACHINE CLOTHING
numbe
The contemporary system of industrialized clothing production did not exist before the mid-19th century.
much
Although impoftant advances in the mechanization of spinning and 11_ had taken place during the previous
,
the 12
centuries, 12_ continued to be a hand skill. Except for the introduction of 13_ in the Middle Ages, no new
the ed
technology was successfully utilized until lsaac M. Singer designed a treadle-powered 14_ in 1851. At first his
growin
machines were used only for straight-seam 15_, and all other work continued to be pedormed by hand.
Gradually other machines were introduced. By the end of the 19th century the basic conditions and technologies for
15_
about
the creation of a giant 16_ industry were present.
16_
TTT
| | | Match the adjectives with the two nouns - CLOTHES (a) and SHOES (b). lll'
17 crumpled 18 torn 19 ballet 20 second-hand 21 platform 22 courl 17 bar
lV Match the foltowing clich6s and proverbs with their definitions. IV

23 to pull the wool over someone's eyes a crazy 23
24 to keep st under one's hat b to deceive someone 24
c immediate action prevents a bigger problem later
25 to cast pearls before swine 25
d with a comlortable, giving texture
26 lt's better to wear out than to rust out.
e it's better to work until you die than to be idle just because
26
27 A stitch in time saves nine. you are old 27
28 as soft as velvet f strong, able to endure a lot of hardship 28
g to waste something good on someone who does not care
29 as tough as (shoe) leather 29
about it
30 as mad as a hatter to keeo st secret 30
CLOTHES - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I
I Complete the following sentences containing idioms with the names of colours.
1 Suddenly, out of the _ | got this splendid idea to write a letter to her.
2 Why do you think _ humour is so popular?
3 The truth sometimes hurts, but a _ lie never hurt anybody.
4 Her vegetable garden and her flowers always look great - she has fingers.
acK. 5 Tom's really got brains, he is a guy with a lot of matter.
6 All the_ -collar workers in the factory went on strike.
rs. 7 When he got the letter asking for a large sum of money and threatening him to make his love affair public, he
)ecame knew he was being _mailed.
8 lf you want a better price, you have to buy your cigarettes on the _ market.
_ moon. 9 You would have hoped not to have to deal with so much _ tape when applying for that job.
10 She is an incurable optimist and sees the whole world through _-coloured glasses.
ll n""O the following text and put the expressions into the gaps.
DESIGNERS HAUTE COUTURE CLOTHING DRESSMAKERS READY-TO-WEAR FASHIONS

.HING
Germany produces about one-quarter of the total clothing output in Western Europe. ltaly still maintains large
numbers of tailors and 11 and its ready-to-wear industry is large - second only to Germany's - and
much of its production is sold outside the country. In France, the couturier houses continue to set trends, but most of
US
the 12 sold is ready-to-wear. In 1970, the French government built a large glass exhibition hall on
) new
the edge of Paris, the Salon du Pret-a-Porler(meaning ready{o-carry or 13 ) to accommodate the
t his
growing industry of ready{o-wear clothing. The elegant 14 house is giving way to the work of
15 whose output is sold to boutiques and department stores and purchased by women who care
; for
about clothes of designer quality, even if they have neither the time nor the money to buy couturier
16
lll *","n the adjectives with the two nouns - TROUSERS (a) and SKIRT (b).
17 baggy 18 oleated 19 flared 20 full 21 tioht 22 slit
lV Match the following clich6s and proverbs with their definitions.
23 A wolf in sheep's clothing. a conceited

24 All that glitters is not gold. b a dangerous person pretending to be harmless
c to be dressed in a jacket or sports jacket and tie (for men)
25 You can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear.
d from poverty to wealth
26 Tied to one's mother's apron strings.
e an informal (rude) way of telling someone to shut up
27 put a sock in it f overly dependent on one's mother
28 too big for his boots g a warning: although something is attractive, it needn't be
t care genuine or valuable
29 from rags to riches
You cannot make someone more refined than he or she
30 to wear coat and tie is by nature.
. CLOTHES . 59
WORK & LEISURE 1oo
at hol
you el
DAILY ROUTINE AND HOBBIES out wi
What
I 1.1
I The daily routine for weekdays and weekends is often very different. 0r /Who does the housework in your
is it? Using the pictures below, describe the similarities and diflerences.
nlwiiirul o
lamily? Do you share it having a rota
for the chores? t;
.r".!"i
\G,
I jl T
<-
liti
e@'
& {a
liti
* S,',,--
t4l)Yl
'Y".lr
xfr$n
',ffi ':v.:)
H
ffi
[]U
E
r
t,:'
",?
l'.- -' ,^, -
-Jh
-
t'fr
a
@
r'-'i{\
ffi
w
--L
' i=-,!
it,o.a'. ,>-'
+d' 1 10,
i\' world,
--r...-D-'- p00r p
does o
Daily Routine and Hobbies

Sleeping and waking
tn clpon lrto
'
to be an early late riser All in a day's work to renovate fix up / do up old
ln the evening ,urv // urvvy
cloon in
rrl to commute machi nes
at night I0 Oversleep to walk to work he's good with his hands
to get to bed early In the morning to walk the dog nan0yman
to stay up late do it yourself (D.l.Y)
the alarm goes off '
to catch miss (e.9. a train)
co llector
to work all night to hear the alarm to get to work on time be late
"
to get tired / drowsy / sleepy to jump crawl out of bed for work to collect
to get undressed
' timetable / schedule stamps
to do one's exercises
C0ins
to get into bed totakeashower,abath tea / coffee break
autographs
to set the alarm for 6 o'ciock to clean / brush ones teeth to have st on
postcards
to read yoursell to sleep to gargle / use mouthwash a busy " slack day , a day ofl antiques
to drop straight off
to doze off i nod of{
barefoot(ed)
to shave
, wearing slippers to be rushed olf one's feet
Parts of the day
g lass
china
IG
'
light sleep deep sleep
tn hp qnrrnd rclpon / frci
asleep
safety razor
disposable razor
electric razor
in the morning
at noon / midday
in the (early late) afternoon
dolls
toys
sports cards
l;*
" beer cans
to sleep like a log shaving cream in the evening specimen
to lie awake
insomnia / insomniac
aftershave at night
at bedtlme
examp le I:H
hair gel
sleeping pill
to count sneep
to put on one's make-up night shift
he's working nights
precious
'
" valuable
pri0eless lil,l
to clean one's shoes sentimental value
bad dream nightmare
" wide awake " bleary-eyed at bediime rare x unique
to snore
to sleepwalk
to talk in one's sleep
to have a hangover
to take painkillers
Hobbies
to take one's mind off work
to keep onesel{ occupieci
genuine
forgery
'
counterfeit
phoney (US)
/ fake /
l!*
to wake with a start home ' car maintenance to exchange / swap
Ld:
I
I
THE SOCIAL WHIRL
I
I al
I Do you prefer t0 spend your evenings and free time /You are throwing a party. In small groups discuss
at home, 0r d0 you preler t0 socialise? How often do the details (lood/drinks, place, time, clothing,
you entertain friends at home, 0r d0 you prefer to go invitations, etc.).
out with them? Now phone your lriend to invite him/her. Be ready to
What was the last party you went t0 like? answer a lot ol questions.
n y0ur
a r0ta
The Social Whirl
to relax and do nothing hen party (GB) to take in a night club
to gossip with friends on the phone bridal shower (US) ballroom dancing
to attend evening classes baby shower (US) dinner dance
to take dancing / music lessons bachelor party c0unrry Oancrng
to go out for the evening big noisy party square 0ancrng
to have visitors to drop in on sb to have a special treat
housewarming party to pop in for a drink to go jogging
dinner party to go out for a drink to walk in the forest
b- cocktail party to go down the pub / boozer (GB) to get out of town
s)
$r
F* GAMES OF CHANCE
|-
Er- I ft
tr
L
I Gambling is a favourite pastime all over the
world, and possibly the only hope of big money l0r many
poor people. lt is also a dangerous addiction. Where
/ Haue you ever tried playing any of these? Which ol
them do people spend most m0ney on? Why is it so easy
for some people to get hooked on them?
does one draw the line? Discuss.
a
I
., I
)Old I
't a
I
I
T
I
I
t
a
a
a
!
I
t
I
Games of Chance
a
Games People / places lackpot
t
t gambling 0eater to do the pools
I
I ---
hpttinn nn thp hnrcpc d-09s, casrn0 tn nnmo rrn nn tho nnnlc
etc. amusement arcade to know the odds
poker betting shop to get into debt
I pontoon Equ i pment to play to a limit
It
blackjack f ru it mach ine to cover bets
I (Russian) rou lette slot machine to lose one's shirt
II
chemin-de-fer Miscellaneous to hustle
rke/ I
dle / dice to play f or money to cheat
c raps
a DANK
I I otte ry
to break the bank
I football pools
. WORK & LEISURE . 61

JOBS
I at
I Look at the drawings ol people. What do you think .l Wtrich of them are blue-collar workers and which
they do lor a living? are white-collar workers?
/'l Whal is the place where they work called? Think of { Which of their jobs is, in your view, the best and
the advantages and disadvantages of various jobs. which is worst? Give reasons.
N.B. Specific job / occupation lists can be found under the relevant
subject headings, i.e. look for 'glazter' under 'Home', 'surgeln'
under'Health', etc.
12 11
LOOKING FOR A JOB
I rilf out the job application below.
which
JOB APPLICATION
Personal Information
Surname: Title:
st and Date of birth:
First name(s):____
Address:___ SSN:
Telephone number:
Sex: Male / Female
retevant
iurge0n' Name and address of school Period of study Qualification
Degree received
2.
-'t .
Name and address of emolover Period of employment Descriotion of vour duties

and reasons for leaving
l.
2
a
-')
4,
Citizenship status:
Languages:
References:
Do you hold any positions in any organisations or clubs?
Have you committed any crimes within the last five years?
B
How did you hear about this job?
Write a short description of yourself, including any special skills and qualities you have which might
prove useful in this position, and explain why you want to work for us.

ít l'ť: :' "' "'á *.
f Look at the Ío||owing J0BS "]i
u 1
rí;'""i::::8
r'
Pe, ' a highl1 ""r "T 1

WANTED ads. l,liJ."l:::.; _;ifr il,.llil#il
'oti'ut.d th
;;;;;..i:.Ji:ncero
What kind oÍ person wou|d be most ations in p""'--'-Y manase our
'rrdrlage oLlt Ío
'l{:,.j
;..:.-'ť;iť;f l-#]l* iclur" -,,', ]l'.,.lne succesrful
-.
interested in each oÍ the ÍoIlowing ffi
,'. u".'.I*. *'.*."ř;l. :
iobs?
: :.-{ :;ilJ r l.,l."l^,i1. "i_responsible for
What kind oÍ background and I* lJr '.l:.*ť:i'-.Tml:l lÍll. " ''j1|:olJlce in Pan*' Durie,
;1.{dl ,Jň"',,,jjoi",''|e business
personality would they have? r "ů,îoT"l.i;|.t';-
$:i:ii,lru:rl#ll:
I +1rt tl + a,.::-:,i,?.T.t
Which one would you rather do and ':r./.'tr
:lr-:l
r.'.'''ě\a|eslorecasls.
why?
lrnr!l ň.;; ;,J":.':i"l'.p-...: or op.'o. Jn,. i
','frť,ffiT.11..:{Ť,:.l inre..nori.,,i'^Y.]i
nternarional t<nowledge
burin.r.",Ll,.uB" ol oI
ccounling *o and
š
COMPANY lb experience. 7..'. ulttcÍl1 related
'.*i"ť#ctices
al ,?ll?,lii*=tanno ser up
$ questions
wittr a partner, write a dozen or i[i!jŤ :.:.'iĚ ;;'b ..l ":"i,iS
",rr;?u"l"3ym:,tffi-
I
so you
that might ask as I
iiT:j
vvv|Á|í|9
on their own -Y]t.b9 Workin g r". i";; J,;l::
an employer or interviewee Íor one ';,ň;',í3Í',:Í:t
Y:^.lY -:" 1p111s. ;.č)".n
";:ix c
oÍ the advertised positions.
i"?T;,*ll;;#"1,ffi?;T ,T:;;l ""':,''n. ;:i: H
Then go lo other pairs and interview

ii"Tli"Tj
must have ,n f :,rTr,+il appricani
' 'r, dppilcar
or be interviewed Íor the job you have

Tj.1|.{::1[T:}ť#trffi,T
and-edfting prosrams
a*,a,irir,a
." ;il". ;;T
ř
;;,fi:, occasronar
l'i; J:;skills.
tional ; l u ir.i.io1"
' ěuoo ]'l;xř:.
olganisa I
chosen. ;;. ;;:",T"^lnet.
;;; *,x'';""i
ffi ť" ?T,"""*,.,1;ř'J"' :lanyu here :l'1l
.l-^''- .ě., ''' d||U/or ť
É; I
"
il::i,' 'i: Lierml
berwecn ru
frFi ;#l:,1::i so a'll uppti.unr*
o da I
i{11 rlrl
l'lj.rtiJo.
'.
il.J"::::!s.
," ;.;;il;i#li;:,; ňi
be prepared I
a
| | Tt_1 IT
ry I
{ lmagine that you have had an

.-^:Yii-rSsstsrANr
interview Íor a new job and want to PFDC^... -
te|| your Íriend or Íami|y about it. MANAGER

ro a
Sum up brieÍ|y what has happened

"û^ltros g* l,l loy ti,".,,.,
I
,fJ ;:: ::
tsarrng liI ""'
tn radiators
r
and who said what. State your own thro,,.i !
!
opinion. ffi::J.":Í:$;#"lŤJ:J:':iJ:a:
*'* J!ů}i!TI
I
#Ti.J:,:,. ^"''' previous secrerarial

I
;J#"H:" i:.::
fl fl :l ;j: :li :ú;.iJil;:' ;:: l."iilť
T
I
u'sooo ..r.pň"".
il5#;i.::1:|.|fu
personalily. pt"u'" ..ňi-,".]u
telephone I
I
áll*' :ll;,
-o }:ň ;: n: *ilJ:':;i
r,á'i..
fflru "'iffi::i.Í-ig I
I
I
L
Looking for a Job

situations vacant ads (GB) / want GCSE (GB)/ high school diploma (US) Languages
ads / job listings (US) deg ree elementary
word oÍ mouth doctorate intermediate
job centre (GB) i employment apprenticesh i p a0vance0
oÍÍice (US) special skills training Í| uent
appIication Íorm qual iÍi cati ons bilingual
curricuIum vitae (CV) / resumé eXpeÍl ence "l can get by in .
shortl ist "My spoken .. is quite good, but I can't

computer- literate
to be short|isted Íor employment history / record write it
schoo|-|eaving certiÍicate i nteÍVieW
state exam entrance examination
advanced (A) levels references
TYPES OF JOBS
.t I 1
pnone
rvared
I I Using some of the expressions in Mary is working at the post office at the moment. It is only a(n)
nmu_
I lhe box below, try to complete the iob until the end of the holidays.
i following sentences:
r ourl What company does Jean work for? She doesn't. She is
ssfut
J
IOI I
.l
utes
I 3 My dad is a(n) _. He works in a cement factory.
less I
ins I 4 Young men in some countries have to do at the age
rsts. f of 18.
I
tI
)ns.
off 5 Peter works for the government. He's a(n)
rnd I
tea I 6 He was verv ambitious and eventuallv ended uo in control of the
I
,
a I
rl
/Read the following text and name the various jobs that are described in it.
rsf
lrsl
r Can you add any more useful advice?
I
I,l Have you ever tried a similar proiect - perhaps as a summer iob?
rrsl
04
,J
r E x n r r r E n r n r n n n E n n n r r s r r E r r r r I I n r I r r !
.-l I! I
dl
t
I
I
Greating Your Own Job i
I
r.l
SI
I I Some people may not want to spend time hands ormindsto. lt maywell bethata hobby walking.dog exercising, tourist guiding I
rf I writing off speculative letters or phoning or spare-time activity can be turned into a shopping tor the elder y I
I I arourd polenlial empl6ys15 asking for a job moneyspinner, Some suggestions: 3. Who wants me? After you have I
I I ttrat may noi exisl The allernative is lo make carpentry. simple woodwork, mending gates, identified the job you can do and lor I
I! people in your loca, area might be will ng to
t job for yourself by creating service which
a a maki ng/putting up shelves. which you ttrin'n tnere will be a demand,I
I
cooking. lunch and dinner party catering or yo: need to publicise your services. The !
I pay for Window-cleaning, car-washing, sandwich-making best way to stan is with advertisenents I
I hoJsework and baby-sitting are a few of the
cycling. bicycle repairs (highly
in local shops (which are very cheap) |
I most obvious odd-jobs and there are many and if you can aflord it, in your local ;
]I more. Below are some questions to ask recommended), courier (suitable for anyone
with a mountain bike and living in a big city).
newspaper lt will also be usef:l to 'un 1
yourself belore turning serf-employed: ott a handhill and distribute it locallv
I t. Wtrt do people want? You can find this gardening grass-cutting, weeding pruning.
Tho nrinninel fortrrro nf c'rnrpcqfrrllri
i-
I out by (a) asking neighbours, (b) reading knitting. making jumpers, cardigans, etc on creating a job yourself is ! yoLr
I local papers (c) looking at advertisements c0mm iss t0n. |
reputation. lf you impress someone w;11
1 in local sho0s musa busking playing in pubs being a DJ your hard work, promptness, and I
; 2. What can I offer? lt s srprising how efficiency, they will tell others
seuing: d ressmaki n g, repai rs and alterations, I
I
I many differentthings nost ot us can turn our cush i on-maki ng
I
L r a E t E E r E E E n E r r E E r E r r I
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Types of Jobs
-1 I
I
family business civil service a rt ist
II on the land (agricultural) civil servant self-employed
I
I
I
manual domestic servant freelance
I casual armed services full-time, part-time
T
I
t
skilled " unskilled labouret to do one's national / nilitary service
'
regular seasonal work
I ift-wo rker conscription (GB)/ draft (US) permanent temporary lob
sh
"
I conscript (GB) / drafree (US)
white-collar ' blue-collar " temp
pink-coliar ' hard-hat alternative service sideline / second job
ln'tl wo rke rs
off i ce-wo rke r
re-enlistment
vo{unteers i enlisters
moonlighting
I voluntary
sedentary job managerial charity
I
nrnfoccinnrlc r/dnntnrc
\vvw(wr wr saies represenlalive / Iravel er in st
I
I
I
rawye rs ) vocation job "

KEEPING A JOB
I J: Hi Fiona. What's wrong? You look a little down.
I What do you consider to be a
F: Yeah, it's my job. I really don't know what to do.
1*,
good job? What things are most they a
important to you in a job? J: Why? I thought you were really happy with it. headli
Would you rather have iob F: Well, in many ways it's a great job. It definitely has a lot of
satisfaction and lower pay or vice- 1_. Ihavea2 I can use at anv time.
velsa? and I have an 3 I can use to pay for my
. The job offers a great 5
tr with
I StuOythe words below and then full 6 when I get ill. And there's a good chance of
read the dialogue on the right and 7 if I stay with the company for a few years.
fill in the missing words. J: It sounds great! So what's the problem, then? 2
qualif ications F: Well, I'm just not satisfied with the job. I have to travel a lot, so I'm
expense account always away from Dan and the kids, and when I am here I always
workaholic have to work 8 so I don't get a chance to see them
retraining much either. It's also a verv 9 job, and everybody in 3
pension
the office is feeling it, so it's a pretty tense 10
slave-driver The boss is a ll which doesn't help. He just walks
responsibility
around vellins about how we all have to show more
perks
t2 take more 13 for things instead
itiative
i n
working environment
of 14 , be more 15 , and all of
career change those thinss. He can be a real 16 sometimes. But
sick pay most of all, I'm just sick of selling computers. I want to do something 4
overtime else with my life.
promotion J: Like what?
self-motivated F: I really want to be a teacher, but I'm not a young girl any more, and
stressfu I I'm afraid that it's a bit late to be thinkins about
company car a17 at my age. 5
passing the buck J: Yeah, but what are you going to do - stick with a job you don't like
health scheme untilyougetyour18-?IfIwereyouI'dleaveandfind
travelling expenses
tt
rI igi
your answers.
Now listen and check
F:
J:
something you like doing better.
I know, but how can I do it? I can't go back to school at my age.
Well, you might not have to do a full degree. You've got "A" level
l"
I tta'
history, haven't you? You should see if that's enough to get a job
{
teaching history somewhere. And even if you do have to do some I nt
In the dialogue, Fiona's friend
t9 , you could go to evening classes before you quit I tote
tells her that she can still fulfil her
dreams. In pairs, list all ol the
reasons why she shouldn't leave F:
your present job and get all of the 20_ you need.
You know, maybe you're right. I'll have to give it some thought.
In
her job.
I trad,
I unic
Keeping a Job
prospects (of promotion) sabbaticals punctuality lill
ln-service training
day release
regular ' irregular hours
flexitime
procrastination
laziness
t;;;
health scheme (GB)/health plan (US) fixed flexible hours
company facilities
the perks of the job / fringe benelits
'
to work shifts
to clock in " out
to passthe buck
self-motivation
individualiiy '
(a
' dccept/take responsibility
self-starter')
sociability
I[i
staf{ discount on products / services to share a job ethical ' unethical business practices
maternity leave dlligence environment(ally)Jriendly products
l*t
maternity grant
holidavs ' unDaid leave
enterprise
obedience
l'
66
L9 . funstft S vuoM.
(51) Á1t1tqes;p uo oq 0l
uollenlls cllrouooo 0u rurlcap pa)lc0 pP0p
|
slu0u0q ssou)lcls p0llPts
0ultac sset0 aql
u0rlPurLillcsrp lPnxos laolr spuo olelr ot (ttnctUp) nlssasJ n s
I
(91) areylam uo aq UPJ suoriPrlo0au / s>llel
luolrssPrPq lPnxss poddns
7 0L1,103u! / Á1tlnces leIcos uo (oult)tolctd
u 0
ssoc0r|
aueqcs 0u1ulerlar doqs p0s0lc
srnoq 0lqPl3osun
aleqspueq ueplo0 aql Áq1eduÁs uI ln0 ou]oc 0]
luou.ruor rAUa 0u1>1ro,m peq
uns dunl 101 x ]suteoE oluls 0l
ss0rls
(51) Áed
soculd q0rq ur uolldnroc ollrls u0 aq ol
acue]0^0s / (E3) luaurÁPd Ácuepunpel
uoriouord ro1 rano passed o)jlrls i alrls uo oD or
(801 luPpunpor apPur 0q 0l
Á1tun|oddo lo lcel anrlelueserder uo;un
parll aq o1
srolcPl lsuraul o1 s0np u0lun
/ loEs or.ll lo0 / scllou uanr0 eq
san0ealloc rLrorl poddns 01 dlqsraqLlotl uotun
1o 1re1 ilo prPl 0q
u0rssrurLroc M0l l3ellu 03 Ll.l.lal{ ol.ls
suorun opPrl
Iol]uoc Ái||enb peq poUad uolteqotd u0rl3P lPulsnpur olel 0l
acueleduocu I
qol e 0u;so1 soluls puE suo!un
srolsPl lPuosJad 1no1co1 luaua0eueLLt JUgu]a]|Jo] Á1lee e1e1 o1
(ge) 0t0p oql u0 suorsued / sDulurpa pa)lull-xopul Ácuepunpal Ále1un1on e1e1 o1
(es) atop i sl|1auaq 1uaLlÁo1dueun uorleliur q1r,u aced 0u1dea1 sa0em acllou ont0 ol
(Á1tlnoas 1etcos lo1) uo u0ls o] 1ueLlÁo1dLla l0 SU0|]lpU03 qoÍ u 0u;neo1
qor e 6u;so1 ,o 6urneo-l
NOtsstcSU
"'qll/!\ op ol pBq stlleouoJ ulElu eql
.]noqu
lsJoHVH JH JHV
Jo aruos lq8no.rq seq uoISSaoaJ oq] ]€ql sN^^ói ii''^.
Sox€l luoJJ eluocul poJnpeJ eql q]I^\ uoISseJeJ
oql ol pepaeu surerSord p
qlL4A IBap IeIJos
eq1 eJuel€q plno,4A 1uq1 1e8pnq e eruderd o1 rrHr
lJolJ eql punoJe po{Jo,â sJosI^pB luoluuJaôD i
il$alsrilcÍlut'IJry
'iliinrnun'unoun
"'ol JepJo ur
oJrxeIAI ol suorluredo slr oôru ol paploop seq
.setuedutoc 8rq Áuuu o{IT .elu!
1SBI eq]
',11g6 c
JoJ , AoIq ilI,Â oI]SIq,l.r eq] .8urue'te Áuprrg srqt .-_sut)tuoffr ornv
.eJeq oAII oq,4t e1doed
1ng 000,9Z eq13o Áueu
JoJ {Jo,Âsept'l'ord BIoJt€d ut 1ue1d eqJ
^\.gW "ši'iÍi1Tí".řglls"'
"'ro; ?ur1se ere
rcvltl
SJe{Jo^\ eql
.s8urql reqlo 8uourv .Spu€ulap JIeq]
tHr z
o1 ur e,tr8 lou plp seruedruoc 1rru; ;oleru eerq]
q illtS Sl 0llllll0 SSV1B
JI o{IIS uo o3 ppo'tr uorun eq] teql Áep;etseÁ
pIBS SJa{Jo^& IIIJeg pe]Iun aq] JoJ SJopeeI uoluí} tnvHUSô
. UoJ.(ovÉut NV
...eJe luolqord srq1
Jo sasnec uI€uI eq] ]€q] JUVsnwcouJiljcos
pe1e1s Áe'trns 3II1
aqJ .plJo'l.r sseulsnq
Jo sloêl
lseq8rq eql Surqceer olqnorl 8ur.l,uq illls eJe .osn 0l peeu
.uor1u1st3e1 e lou op noÁ eu!|pPeq
ueluo,4n uolJeunulJJs1p-r1ue 3o sreeÁ Plua euo s! olot|I .sa|c!uu otll qs!u!| uot|l Tol etB Áeql
Á1ue'u4 e1rdsep .tuql pe^\oqs Áe'l'rns ]uéceJ V solclllu eql ol Ívlo|oq soutIpeeq tadedsmau eril qclg6
l
gor v cNtso'l oNV 9NIAV=]
BANKING AND FINANCE 5t'
a c0lum
I Loof at the following story and put the paragraphs in the correcl order.
A
GIUGilT il TIIE GREIIilTnIP B
It all sounded too good to be true, so going to replace all other forms of currency as the
I imrnediately signed up. I closed my account at my world's main method of buying and selling goods
a old bank and opened up a new one at "High Street and services.
International", one of the banks affiliated with the
The fun all ended one afiernoon when a man from
Unicard. I had a current account fbr ny everyday
the Unicard Collection Agency arrived at my house
purchases and a high-interest savings account for any
and, intorming me thar my credit limit was used up F
money I could manage to put aside.
and my cheque account was severely overdrawn,
Then Christmas came round. and I went on a mad demanded that I pay hin in.rmediately. When I told
shopping spree, buying expensive presents for
everybody on my credit card. Everybody in my farnily
him that I couldn't, he ripped up my beloved Unicard
and immediately proceeded to repossess all of the
6r
b was extrenrely impressed by how nice Santa Claus presents I had bought for people. My girltiiend was
was to them that year, and my girlfiiend especially e so upset at losing the gold necklace that she dumped
loved the expensive gold necklace I bought for her. me, and my parents had to foot most of the bill tbr mi
6 (f(
Nobody bothered to ask how I could afford such nice my shopping spree. What's worse, my credit is now stl
gifts, so I didn't wory about it either. 8. ar
ruined, so I will never be able to take out a student let
Ioan to continue my studies, a car loan to buy a new ba
The Unicard was t'ar more than just a credit card, tht
he claimed. It was also a cash card which could be car, or a mortgage to buy a new house. But I still m(
have nry Unicard, taped back together and encased thi

used at cash dispensers all over the country to nrake ac
in ,ulass on my desk, as a rerninder to never, ever _qet 9. to
withdrawals and deposits without having to deal with
c a real bank clerk. What's more. it was also a direct
another credit card as long as I live. al
Ini
debit card which could be used in most shops to pay Then the tlouble started. I had never been any 10. ih(
'nt
directly fiorrr my bank account instead of paying in good at balancing my chequebook, and befbre I got rel
frc
cash. And. of course, it was also a conventional cledit my Unicard, I had always just taken money out of
card with, wonder of all wonders, a 1,600-pound my account until the cash machine told rne I had none 12. afi
or
credit limit. left. But with rny new account, any overdrafis were pn
{in
I got my first (and last) credit card when I was at
automatically paid fbr out of my credit account. My
university. I walked out of the college bookstore one bank statement was so confusing that I had no idea
d day tcl find a whole crowd of young salesmen trying
this was going on, and I spent ntoney right and left,
to sign up students on the new Unicard program. This
quickly getting rnyself into debt.
new card. .ls a smart young man told me, was sool.r
1l
f Choose the word for the following definitions and CI
explain the meaning of the other expressions. hi
1 Take back goods which were bought on credit but not 5 The account you use for most transactions.
pl
bt
paid for in the agreed time. a) current account b) high-interest account c) credit limit
a) sign up b) overdraw c) repossess d) afford d) savings account k
CI
2 Stop doing business with a bank. 6 To pay for something. CI
a) open an account b) get oneself into debt c) make a) open an account b) make a deposit c) foot ihe bill d) withdraw d
a withdrawal d) close an account cash
Si
k
3 Take more money out of your bank than you actually
have in your account. tr h
a) overdraw b) charge c) take out a loan d) affiliate J ln pairs, choose one 0f the paragraphs and act 0ul one e'
c,
0f the conversations that might have taken place in it.
4 Keep track of all of the money you take out of your A
acc0u nt. t(
a) automatically pay b) make a deposit c) receive your bank
statement d) balance your chequebook
{ Summarise each ol the paragraphs 0r write a topic t(
sentence for each of them. tc
F
! Here are a lew idioms in context. Try to match the
c0lumns.
A My aunt is a wealthy miser. I keep telling her:... penny wise, pound foolish
B Fred put his money in a new bank that pays more
interest than his old bank, saying:... Money doesn't grow on trees, you knowl
C Jane shops very carefully to save a few pence 0n
food, then charges the food to a charge card that (The love 0f ) money is the root of all evil.
as the costs a lot in annual interest. That's being...
goods
D Why do you work so hard to make money? lt will A penny saved is a penny earned.
just cause you trouble....
You can't take it with you.
n from E Child: Can I have ten dollars to oo to the movies?
house Father: Ten dollars?!...
foot the bill.
sed up F lf the bank goes broke, don't worry. The
lrawn, government will...
rl told 4r
Inicard
O fry this crossword.
of the
rd was
f Across I T--- Down l
umped '1 . automatic teller 2. a sum of money
machine lent by a building
rill fbr 6. (formal) to buy society, bank, etc
for buying a house
is now sth
or other properly,
8. a sum of money
the property being
Itudent lent to sb by a
the security
a new bank, allowing 3. a special printed
tham f^ c^6^d
form on which one
I still more money wttes an order to a
than is in their bank to pay a sum
ncased
account of money from one's
ver get 9. to put money inlo 4. money in coins or
a oanK, esp so notes
that it can gain 5. money charged for
borrowrng money,
interest
en any or paid to sb who
10. the action of
invests money
'e T oot removing money 7. a thing that is leni,
from a bank esp a sum of money
out of account '11
. a sum of money
12. an organization owed lo sb
Ld none
or a place that
is were provroes a
financial service
Lnt. My
ro idea
nd left,
Banking and Finance

credit bank interest (rates)
high street bank (GB) / local bank (US) mortgage
private bank bank loan
building society (GB) / savings and loan (US) bank manager
to go bankrupt I Iail I declare bankruptcy bank clerk (GB) / teller (US)
cheque (GB) / check (US) overdraft
current account (GB) / checking account (US) overdrawn / in the red
/ithdraw deposit account bank charges
savings account money-changing counter / bureau de change
to open " close a bank account bank holiday
high interest account to make out a cheque to
ut one ethical investments cheque card
cash machines credit card
it.
ATM / cash dispenser standing order
to put money into the bank / make a deposit statement of account / bank statement
rpic to draw / take money out / make a withdrawal home banking
to credit " debit an account

WORK & LEISURE PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I
I Complement the following verbs with either MONEY (a) or PRIGE (b) and use them in sentences.
1 to use 8 to replace the

I Con
2 Io accept a _ 9 to return 1
3 to cost 10 to reduce a _ 2
4 to ask for the 11 to borrow 3
5 to refund 12 to lend 4
6 to get one's _ back 13 to agree a _ 5
7 to vary in 14 to transfer 6
7
I I trn these expressions into two groups - under number 15 those which collocate with PBICE and number 16 those
With MONEY.
llr,
with
wholesale pflze t\
discount off the competitive

retail amount(s) of
drop in pocket
exlra ...... adjustment
official
15
15.....
16
16.....
Ill Talking about money. Fill in the missing words.
||I
17 'Million'is sometimes abbreviated to'm', and'billion'to'bn'. Similarly'K'and'k'are sometimes used as abbreviations ill
for'thousand'when people's s_ are being mentioned. eg.: Sales Manager, t30K + bonus + car. 17
18 When saying aloud an a _ of money that consists only of pence, you say the word'pence'or the letter'p' 18
after the number. 19
19 'How m_ did you have to pay?'-'Eight quid'. 20
20 You don't have change for a ten-pound n_, do you? 21
21 He rattled the loose c_ in his pocket. 22
22 Farmers s_ more than half a billion pounds per year on pesticides. 23
23 He o_ some 10 million pounds' worth of property in Hampstead. 24
24 Americans use the word 'b_' to refer to paper money. "The man put a five-dollar b_ on the counter." 25
25 In informal speech,'buck'is often used instead of 'd_'. lgot 100 bucks for it. 26
26 The rate of e_ while I was there was almost 50 crowns to the pound.
27 You have to travel abroad to make b _ money. 27
28 He d_ to get danger money for that job. 28
29 lt no longer provides v _ for money. 29
30 How much m_ have we got to play with? 30
r WORK & LEISURE AND MORE PRACTICE...
I
I Gomplement the following verbs with either M0NEY (a) or PRICE (b) and use them in sentences.
1 to (help) raise 8 to earn

2 lo give access to 9 to spend one's
3 to run out of 10 to waste
4 toputupa_ 11 to sell (out) at a
5 topaya_ 12 to lose
6 to make 13 to save
7 Io obtain st at a 14 to withdraw
r th0se
| | tou these expressions into two groups - under number 15 those which collocate with PRICE and number 16 those
with MONEY.
...... range
...... reductions
hush-
easy
exorbitant
...... Iag
...... order
...... group
...... of shares
a...... worth paying
...... stability
ttt
'iations || | Talking about money. Fill in the missing wotds.
17 Several people paid on the spot in new n-.
ritar'n' 18 You should make sure that you have a ready supply of c for telephoning.
19 The machine wouldn't take 10p p-.

20 'Per annum' is sometimes used instead of 'per y-'. -
21 | had just that - a dollar bill, a quarter, two d- , a nickel, and three pennies.
22 When saying aloud amounts of money, you always say the word 'c-'. You never Say'c'.
23 You can't find another room at this hour in this town for l- or money.
24 Those four books cost a pound e-.

)unter." 25 Hush m_ is money that is given to someone to persuade them to keep something that they know secret.
26 A country's money m_ consists of all the institutions such as the government and commercial banks that
deal with shortterm loans, capital, and foreign exchange.
27 Now that their children are working as well, they must be r- in money.
28 They indulged all three children with plentiful s- money.
29 The i_ rate is 8 per cent at the moment.
30 Many people think that money can b you anything.
- . WORK & LEISURE . 71

COMMUNICATION 1*'
pamph
the kin
a
b
Look at the picture and describe what you can see, using the vocabulary from the box below.
c
Then prepare at least three questions to ask your classmates about the particular services.
d
e
f
glass
,0,
v
fri end
steps r
pack il
parts o
steps i
3*''
take to
to its d
Post Offices and the Services They Provide

post office to keep ' lose one s place (in a queue) lP,
sorting office post van (GB) / mait truck (US) II Pittu
lolto
sub-post office public telephone I rurLu
lm
post counter i village shop (GB)
postal clerk
fax
coin-operated phone card phone
I
I
ti rst
postmaster i postmistress postal order (GB)

"
I seco
postman (GB) / mail carrier (US) pensr0n payments I reg il
Post 0ffice Box / P0B unemployment benelit

II reco
lc
poste restante (GB)
parcel post
/ general delivery (US) road tax renewal
bill payments
I
I
trp'
telen
counter savrngs acc0unt I iittv
window I pack
POSTING LETTERS AND PARCELS
'l therorrowins t-ffi;]1}i"fr*fro1i;;-xxrxn'
neau
pamph|etand|i||',.n,';['.{il1ljfiil!RoYALMAILSERvICEW!
the kinds of post below. I Intand ZfffiN i
a Parcels l. are usually delivered on the next working
day after collection, except those collected on Saturdays, as there is only
b Recorded delivery
one delivery as opposed to two on other days.
c First class letters
are usually delivered on the third working
d Registered post day after collection, except those collected on Saturdays.
e Express letter
provides evidence of posting, a signature
f Second class letters on delivery and special handling affangements for first class letters,
including compensation for ioss or damage to letters.
4. provides evidence ofposting and a signature
on delivery for both first and second class letters, but without any
compensation for loss or damage.
5. is a service which suarantees that first class

letters be delivered on the first working day after posting or your money
back.
should be properly packaged and clearll ;

.^:l^ contents.
marked if they contain any fragile ^^-,^-,.. I
I
I International I
! Co-p.n.rtion for lost or damaged goods will be provided only if the I
.| ! noyui Mail Service is to blame. Be sure to observe all tax, sanitary, and !
/ You have bought some fine cut I t.gut protocols for parcels sent abroad. I
glass which you want to send to your l"--rilx rrrnnrr-E-----J
lriend in Venezuela. Here are the
steps you need to take in order to
Close the box using with crumpled newspaper.
Line the box 0n the side of the box.
pack it safely. First match the two
Gently put the cut glass in brown paper.
parts of each step and then put the
Write your return address in the upper left-hand corner 0f the box
steps in the correct order.
Find of string around the box.
Wrap the box strong packing tape.
rt Write FRAGILE is totally surrounded with crumpled
.! Wtrat other precaulions could you Write the mailing address
newspaper.
take to make sure the package gets in the centre of the box.
Make sure the crystal
to its destination safely? into the box.
Tie a piece
a large cardboard box.
Posting Letters and Parcels stamp collector / philatelisl

pillar box (GB) package ^^^r^t /^+^^
puJrdr / ^h^,^^^
rdruJ / r,ildruuJ
ietter box (GB) / postbox (GB) / parcel printed matter rate
mailbox (US) stn ng tn uroinh ur lottpr
,uLLw, // nrrnal
yu, uul
first class post/ mail (US) sealing wax sca I es
second class post / mail (US) air mail to insure the contents
registered post (for valuables) aer0gram se || otape
recorded delivery (for important stamp to tie with string
letters) postmark fragile
express ietter franked envelope handle with care
telemessage (replaces telegram) window envelope this side up
jifly bag / padded envelope
cancelled stamp urgent
packet
commemorative issue please forward to
. COMMUNICATION . 73
LETTERS
I I Fil
I Below are the texts of two letters, one f0rmal, the other informal. Sort them out and put them in the correct order.
aoa
Write at least one of the letters into your exercise book. (NB: A colon is used in lhe U.S. - Dear Sirs: ) a
a
[ _r'l T_il
L= Dear Sirs L:l I don't know anything about the city, so could .BT
you do me a f-avour and pop some information a
t-I Hi Christina
in the mail fbr me?
. COU
t_.1
l:- | I look forward to your reply. --n i tre
t-l |jl I will be visiting your city in late April. a
E] Please send me some information about the t__;l a
most important sites and musellms, as well as L -l Oh, yeah! Ifyou know the nafires ofany good a
a tourist map of the city that includes public
(and cheap!) hotels in the area, please send .wh
those as well. a
transport routes. o bei
r? fjt
L:l Patrick McCully
fl Guess what? I'm going to be in town sometime . oP€
in late April. t:l I can't wait to see you! a
a
H t a- writing to enquire about tourist t:.l
Lil Any infbrmation about accommodation would a
intbrmation on your city. also be appreciated. . Alll
a
E tt doesn't have to be anything too big - maybe tL:l-il Yours faithfully, o for
just a list of the things that are worth looking --n I can
Pat
at, and maybe a tourist map if you have one. f-n
-l
. mol
r-l Love, a
W
a
a
a
o You
' tola
r Tha
IW NNI IN$NNNN a
aaal
Dear Sirs A,Cl,,.,t,no LNO
(a)
ar
lWnat information do you usually find in the grey tinted panels? Talk about various layouts of letters that you have
come across. lf you are not sure what is right and wrong, ask your teacher for advice.
Letters
personal letter posrcar0 Receiving / replying to posl C.0.D. (cash on delivery)
business lett"or to correspond with stamped addressed envelope excess postage
love letter penJriend / pen-pal (s a e.) R.S V.P - please reply to an
poison-pen letter stati o nery to sign for st invitation
ln utup dn linn
tu Arnn rilc fn
tu to make a draft (rough copy) proof of identity first post
tn koon in lnrrnh to make a fair copy return to sender second post
to put st in writing g reetr n g return address
to seal a letter letterhead not known at this address
quick note enclosures
THE TELEPHONE
I
order.
I Fill in the gaps with a suitable word.
a a t I a a a a a a * a t I a, I a a a a a a a t G a a * a a a a o a a, a a r& at aat aot aaI et t ot aaa
a a
a BT Chargecard is easy to use o
ruld
I BT Chargecard calls are easy to 1_. Simply 2_ the free access code for the a
a
Ltion
r country you are in and you will then be asked to enter your account 3_ and PlN. I
fnen just enter the telephone number you wish to 4-.
a
I lt's that easy. a
o
a a
ood a You'll always hear a familiar voice a
a a
J
c
Wherever you are, when you use the BT Chargecard you will always a
a be able to communicate in English, which means no problems with a
a
a operators who don't speak your 5_. a
a
a a
ould I Charge your calls to your credit card :

: All the 6_ that you make with your BT Chargecard will be itemised on a separate statement !
o for you to easily review. The total of your call charges will then appear on your monthly credit r
I card 7-. You are only billed for the calls you actually make - there are no membership or :a
. monthly 8_. a
a
: Lower costs when you're out and about a
a
r You'll find the BT Chargecard not only easy to use, but money-saving too. Avoid the costly a
] telephone 9_
often charged by hotels by billing your calls to the BT Chargecard instead.
a
a
r That way you'll get the benefit of BT's competitive international 10 a
a
aaaatataaaaaaaataoaaoaaatSf oaStaaa*iaaaaaaaoaaaaaaaaaaiaaaa
rl at
/ Now describe the different parts ol the phone. 1| Loot< at the pictures and describe them. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of each type of phone?
Which situation is each one most suitable for?
The Telephone
telephone set yeil0\/v pages to reverse the charges (GB) i
u have rece lve r operato r call collect (US)
earp r ece directory enquiries international c0de * area code " local code
mouthp iece automatic dialting to answer the phone
remote microphone last number redial 'Wrong number'
mike / mic dialling tone
Modern developments
answerphone / answering machine to dial a number
facsimile (fax)
telephone ringing tone
to fax someone
rotary, push-button engaged tone (GB) / busy signal (US)
modem
car number unobtainable
mobile / cellular e-mail
to be cut off / be disconnected
portable / cordless datalink
to have a bad iine / a bad connection
ex-directory number (GB) / unlisted vi deophone
local call " trunk / long distance call
number (US) digital information transfer
extension (number)
telephone directory i book
USING THE TELEPHONE
I The texts to three dillerent telephone conversations Gonversation I
I
have been scrambled together. Sort them out into the
three conversalions. Then put them in the right order.
Hel lo. Tavlor Residence. 1o
read 1
q Hello, Taylor Residence.

a Does he have your number'?
a Hello. Can I speak to Mary. please'?
E Sure. Could you just tell him that Jane called
and ask him to call me back when he sets
out of the shower?
a Oh well, maybe we can see it some other time. rel
a That'd be great. Maybe some time next week.
o.K.'l
a That'd be fine. So I'll call vou on Thursdav. all
light?
a Bye bye. Gonversation 2
a Hel|o.216964. Hello.
E O.K., I'll let him know you called.
a Oh. yeah! I'd completely forgotten. I'm sorry,
I can't make it tomorow. I've sot a lot of work
right now.
@ Hello. Could I speak with John, please?
a Yes, I'd like to speak to Mr. Smith, please.
a
a
Thank you. Bye.
E Bye.
a Yes, I think he does.
a No, that's all right. I'll try again later. Thank you.
a Great. Talk to you on Thursday, then. Bye.
a Hello. Bernstein Bank. May I help you? aut0n
a This is Mary speaking. Gonversation 3
a Hi, Mary. It's David. I was just ringing to make
sure that we're still on for the cinema tomomow. Hello. Bernstein Bank. May I help you'?
a Goodbye.
a Hold on one second. I'11 see if he's in. Pause. I'm
sorry, John's in the shower right now. Can I take
a message'l
a Hold on, I'll put you right through. Pause. l'm
sorry. Mr Smith is in a meeting right now and can't
come to the phone. May I take a message?
a Bye.
fl r-''
Z tgl Listen to the recording and check your answers.
Can you tell which ol the speakers are British and which
are American?
2*'
at
{ In pairs, act out the lollowing telephone conversations.
Jo calls Pat and invites him to a concert. Pat accepts. Ben calls his piano teacher to say that he can't
come to his lesson this week because he is ill. She
Sophie calls the telephone company to complain
about her bill. She reaches a secretary who tells her
too is ill and her husband takes the call. He is
more than curious that both his wif'e and Ben are
that the manager of the complaints office is having
his lunch break and won't be back for an hour.
ill with the same thing.
COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET
I
I Discuss the meaning of the words on the left. Then
read the text and fill in the gaps.
By 1990, personal computers had become small enough to be completely
.
transfer of funds
portable: they included I computers. notebook computers.
and pocket or palm-sized computers. Multimedia personal computers equipped
with 2 players and digital sound systems allowed users to

retrieval of information
handle animated imases and 3 (in addition to text and still
Sgund images) that were stored on high-capacity CD-ROMs.
4 were increasingly interconnected with each other and with

CD-ROM
larger computers in 5 for the purpose of gathering, sending,
netwgfks and sharing information electronically. Computer networks are collections of

computers and intelligent peripheral
laptOp equipment (e.g., 6
and point-of-sale terminals equipped with

Dersonal comDuters
microprocessors) that are inlerconnected
bY 7 , microwave
automatic teller machines
relays, and other high-speed
te|ephoneIinescommunicationlinksforthepurpose
of exchanging data and sharing equipment.
networking 8 has been developed on all levels,
from local to intemational, in diverse sectors of society.

Examples are networks used by government organizations for rapid
from databases at central locations and those used by

banks and retail merchants for the 10 or credit verification.
al
lWnat do you understand by these words? What are they describing?
the Internet
the information superhighway
r't cyberspace
l. She the world-wide web
S (at)
I are
computer nerd
at
.l Read the lollowing article and match the appropriate { *rtrn the following things to their uses on the right. c(
title to each paragraph. One of the titles does not fit any ol
the paragraphs.
the screen where information
appears
a Who's logging on and why MOUSE
allows computers to connect
I Mal
b
c
d
New technology brings new problems
From factories to the PC
Information overload
m0nitor
m0dem
cursor
? I
to the Internet through a
phone line
used to highlight or select

1
2
3
e Getting wired into the information information on the screen
superhighway 4
used to move the cursor 5
I Living your life on the web around on the screen
6
TT
In pairs, talk about what the missing paragraph could
5 Use the informalion lrom the adicle and talk about
the advantages and disadvantages of the lnlernet.
ll w
say.
7
8
a certain amount of information at any one time, and that
amount is really too small for the huge files and graphics
The late twentieth century has been dubbed the end of
the Industrial Age and the beginning of the Information
Age, where computers and scientific know-how are the
that are often sent back and forth between computers.
Researchers are now looking at difl-erent ways to link
lll,
senter
computers, such as television cable wires and even the
most impoftant keys to survival. More than any invention
electrical wires that bring electricity to people's houses.
since the steam engine, the computer has revolutionised
the way we work, play, and live. Nothing exemplifies
tf1
-ll
9
10
this more than the so-called "infbrmation superhighway", But even when the problem of speed has been solved,
11
otherwise known as the Internet. the Internet will still be an incredibly confusing place.
r l--l
-rl This is because there is simply so much information out 12
there. Anyone who is looking for infbrmation on, say, a 13

The lnternet is a world of its own, a huge universe of
shopping malls, libraries, entertainment centres, and even
cultural festival in Malaysia may have to wade through 14
clubs and discos that exists only inside a group of hundreds of files on anything fiom the Malaysian
interconnected computers. Using any simple personal economy to travelling in Malaysia to Malaysian
universities before they find the information they are
computer and a modem, we can log into the net and do
almost anything. Go to the travel section and you can looking for. lV'
browse travel brochures and book a complete holiday 5l
-l I
I
fiom the comfort of your living room. Your morning Despite these problems, millions of people log onto the I
paper no longer comes to your doorstep; rather, it comes Internet every day. Some are experts who know exactly
to your monitor, as papers tiom all over the world what they want and log on and off in a matter of minutes.
transmit their daily editions to your e-mail account. And Then there are the "Internetjunkies", people who spend
The id
if there's anything in the paper that you feel like talking countless hours glued to the computer
about, anything at all, just plug into one of the on-line terminal, using their mouse and cursor 22_
chat rooms, where people have discussions about to peek into every corner of 1f
anything, from movies to politics and religion. cyberspace and send e-mails to conce
rl_l
"tl
their fellow junkies.
been i
Sounds great, right? So why does anybody ever leave

But most people who
use the net do so not to
the house any more, if everything can be done on the Throur
buy things, butjust out
computer? As anybody who has gone through the
experience of trying to find something on the lnternet
of curiosity, just to find 28-
out what's out there.
can tell you, surfing the information superhighway is a por
not always that easy. The biggest problem is one of speed.
Right now, most people use a modem to connect their sramp
computers to the Internet via the telephones. The only
been i
problem is that telephone wires can only transmit
right. COMMUNICATION PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I
I Match the questions with probable answers 0n the right.
necl a Yes, please, can he tell Mrs. Edington to get in
touch with me.
1 He's not available. Can I take a messaoe?
b This is Mary Hopkins speaking.
2 Who's calling?
I would be happy to try to answer your question.
c
3 Do you wish me to page Mr. Smith?
d No, I have to get back to my work. I will call again
4 Can you hold?
later.
5 Hang on a moment.
6 ls there anyone else who could help mea
e Yes, please. Tell him it's urgent.
f That's not possible.
about
IT
| | Which of the following expressions in each line does NOT collocate with the wold 0n the left?
t.
7 COMPUTER ... is down, personal, home, to peek, to use, ... has crashed, to hack into
8 INFORMATION - ... superhighway, to solicit, to withhold, to volunteer, access to, flow of,
dthat ... technioue
phics
Itr
|||
uters. Choose the verbs that go with the lollowing nouns: CALL (a), LETTER (b), PARCEL (c) and use them in short
r link sentences.
rn the
)uses.
9 to make 15 to drop in the post
rlved,
10 to address 16 to stamp
rlace.
11 to deliver 17 to seal
)n out
12 to put through 18 to (un)wrap
say, a 13 to wait for 19 to receive
:ough 14 to return sb's 20 to take
ysian
ysian
,] &rO Ilt
I lf Put each 0l the lollowing words 0r phrases into its correct place in lhe passage below.
to the LABELS POSTAL REFORMS CIVIL SERVANT RELEASED COLLECT A TAX REIGNING
ractly MONARCH ADHESIVE POSTAGE STAMP KNIGHTED NAME OF THE COUNTRY STAMP
lutes.
spend
The idea for the adhesive postage 21 was first suggested by the English schoolmaster and
i
I Rowland Hill as one of the manv 23 in Great Britain in 1837. Hill's
conceotion. for which he was laler 24 , was derived from similar 25 that had
been issued almost a century earlier in many parts of Europe to 26 on newsoaoers.
Through Hill's efforts, on May 1, 1840, Great Britain 27 the world's first officiallv issued
a one-penny denomination universally referred to as the Penny Black. The stamp featured
a portrait of Queen Victoria, which established a postal precedent in Great Britain; since that time, all regular-issue
stamps have portrayed the 29 Moreover, like the Penny Black, no subsequent British stamp has
been inscribed with the 30
. COMMUNICATION. 79
COMMUNICATION - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I Deper
I Match lhe questions with probable answers below.
think
collo<
1 | need some stamps, please. a That should arrive on Tuesday. you ul
2 l'd like to buy a book of stamps, please. b Five, ten, or twenty pounds?
3 Do you have any envelopes I could buy? c Please, print legibly.
Exe
4 How long will it take to get there? d First or second class?
5 Can I have a change-of-address form? e Any padicular style?
6 l'd like to pick up a package. t Can I see some lD (identification)?
| | tn,rn of the lollowing expressions in each line does NOT collocate with rhe word 0n the left.
7 COMPUTER
8 INFORMATION
-
laptop, to operate, ...-educated, ... age, ... programmer, ... studies,
to run something through, ... error
to sum up, relevant, crumbs of, snippets of, lack of, millions of, make ... available, to sieve
r
lll tnoose the words that go with the following nouns: CALL (a), LETTER (b), CORRESPONDENCE (c) and use them
in short sentences.
l"',
9 business 15 chain
10 poison-pen 16 collect
11 emergency 17 long-distance
12 love 18 voluminous
13 extensive 19 regular
14 brief 20 open
l\f tr, each 0f the following w0rds 0r phrases into its corlect place in the passage below.
INTERNATIONAL MAIL ESTABLISHED TECHNICAL ADVICE TRANSPORTATION POSTAL SERVICES

PARCEL CHARGES INTERNATIONAL MONEY ORDEBS POSTAL LETTER MAIL
Prepar
The Universal Postal Union (UPU) was 21 in 1875 under the Universal Postal Convention of
The m,
1874. lt became a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1948. The UPU's permanent headquarters are in Love s
Young
Bern, Switzerland. lt provides information and 22 to assist cooperating nations in improving their
When
23 . In 1994. it had 186 members. My ide
Each country, under Ihe 24 convention, pays 25 charoes to members who Shoulc
Chain
carry 26 across their borders. The 27 are determined by the UPU.
What r
The original treaty applied only to 28 ; other postal services, such as 29 posl My typ
Some
and 30 have been regulated by supplementary agreements.
ESSAY PREPARATION
Depending on the topic of the essay, go to the appropriate page and write down four or five nouns you
think you will use to write about the topic. Thenn using the box on the respective page, a dictionary of
collocations or a corpus, look up the verbs, adjectives and adverbial or any other useful phrases that
you will need to express your ideas.
Example: My favourite dish (a recipe)

Go to p. 35 - Cooking
The nouns:
bowl adjectives: large, small, medium-sized, soup, mixing, sugar, soup

verbs: put /place in ... / into..., pour into .., mix, beat, stir, mash
adverbials: stir until smooth / together
useful phrases: to transfer to a mixing bowl, to place the bowl in hot water, lo
combine allthe ingredients in a bowl
eggs adjectives: beaten, raw, fresh, f ree-range, whole, finely-chopped

verbs'. add, beat, whisk, separate
] them adverbials: cook until firm, whisk / beat until stiff
usefulphrases: egg whites, egg yolk, egg mixture, hard-boiled egg
pan adjectives: frying, large, shallow, wide, covered, non-stick, heavy(-based)

verbs: pul st in ..., remove from the heat, place over the heat, heat the pan
adverbials: lightly grease a roasting pan, until the mixture begins to thicken
useful phrases: seeds roasted to gold in a pan without oil, fry the cutlets until
golden brown
oven adjectives: gas, electric, pre-heated, microwave, moderate, hot

verbs:heal, cook in ..., reduce to ..., bake in ... for
adverbials: to bake uncovered, to cover tightly, under the grill, straight from the
oven
useful phrases: set the oven at gas mark x, pre-heat the oven to x degrees, to
warm in a moderate oven before serving
ICES
Prepare the lollowing topics in lhe same way:
The most unpleasant person I have ever met (p. 7)

tn Love story (p. 11)
Young people in the Czech Republic (p. 13)
their
When should people get married? (p. 14)
My ideal home (pp. 18-21)
Should fast food be banned? (pp. 33-34)
Chain stores or small shops? (pp. 43-45)
What clothes should a student coming to the Czech Republic between February and May pack? (pp. 48-55)
]OSI My typical working day, and one of my weekends (p. 60)
Some of the pros and cons of modern communication (pp. 75-78)
81
TOWN & COUNTRY JRe
Find r
I
I
THE MODERN VILLAGE I
I tr
I In your country, what image do people in the cities f Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living T
have of people who live in the countryside? Do the two in the city versus living in the counlry.
I
groups like each olher?
I
l've lived in this little village all my life.
I was bom in the house I now live in.
I went to school at the little school over
there when it was just a one-r0onl
school, and after the war, I came back
ln you
to raise my crops and my family like
my father did and his tather before him. You see, I like this lif'e. I've seen what life in the city is like, so I'm
not just some ignorant country boy. I don't v'out Io clunge.I'm a farmer. and that's all I ever wanted to be.
Unfbr-tunately, it seems that these days if you don't go to change then change will come to you, and thitt's b
exactly what's happened here. in this village. You see, it seems rents are getting a little too high over there
in the city, so those rich fblks have all decided to come out and live in the village. I suppose they think it's
quaint. They like the small town chann of the place and the peace and quiet.
What they don't seem to understand.

however. is that by moving out here
they're ruinin-r everything they tind
quaint about these villages. This little
town has doublecl in size over the last
ten years, as all of them fblks corne
out here to build their bis. fancv 4*
who n
houses. And they use up so much land! I've seen so much good, arable land get developed over, just so
what I
some rich doctor or computer programrner can have a second home firr weekends and summer.
descri
The tacilities here just weren't designed for this many people. There's only one roacl that comes into the
town, and it's jr-rst a little two-lane roiid that winds its way past the chapel, then through the town sqllare.
Well. it just can't handle all of the traffic that goes through here on weekends now, and on some Sundays
you have to go through hell and back just to get to chr-rrch. The same thing goes lor our town store and the
school.
n
But the worst part is that with all of
these rich people coming in here. the
price of everything has gone way Llp,
lil
especially housing. Landowners are I r,T
seeing that they can get more money

by renting or selling to people from
the city. and now youngsters from
tarming families don't have a place to move out to when they get married, just so some city-slicker
-eood
can have a second home. It makes me sick, I tell you. I say, let the city folks stay in the cities, and leave the
countrv to us!
H
I at
,l nead the text and answer the questions below. $ Rnrrw the following questions according to the
listening.
Find a word that means the following:
What does Billy think about the following things?
r attractive in an old-fashioned way
r Mark's house
I appeal, attraction
r people in the village
r grew larger
r life in the village
lliving r good for farming
Does Mark agree with him?
r built over
r establishments that provide basic services
a
life. for a place or activity

Q In pairs, act out a conversation between Mark and
the author of the the text on the previous page.
e in, r follows a twistino course
over
oom -l
back
/ tisten again and concentrate on the meaning of the
In your own words, discuss in pairs. lollowing expressions.
like
l I'm a How does the author feel about his home a large wicker chair
o be. and his lifestylee a small shack
hat's b How does he feel about cities? on the outskirts
there
c Why are more people moving from the in the sticks
k it's cities to the country?
in the middle of nowhere
d How has this affected farminq in the
area? a bit of peace and quiet
e How has the village changed since people a game of dafts

from the cities stafted movino into it?
a nice old bloke
the weirdest thing
I|t fn3i You will now hear an aflluent professional
who moved to the village from the cily talking about Write a sh0rt summary of the dialogue using some of
what life in the village is like. How do you think his the above collocations.
description will differ from lhat of the farmer?
o the
uare.
rdays
The Modern Village
d the village shop minister nouse and grounds
nonorrl ctnro light industry gentry
smithy peace and quiet nouveau riche
all of f orge slow pace of life c0untry squrre
e the craft workshop minimal / basic facilities lord of the manor
ry up, p0IIeIy agricultural wages fo rester
rs are
local industry i
labour labourers woodcutter i lumberjack (US)
traditional crafl manual gamekeeper
toney casual
CNUTCN poacher
from cnape I
mrgrant
marn r0a0
seaso na
from kirk (Scots)
I
bypass
backward areas
icker vi car subsidised development
retired couples
,e the recto r nimby (Not In My Back Yard)
outsi ders
prest
. TOWN & COUNTRY. 83

THE MODERN CITY
I rt t}
I Describe the nicest neighbourhood in your (nearest) J is:li Read the questions below and try to predict Rei
city or town. What kind of people live lhere? lhe answers. Then listen to the recording and check if a w0rd
What kinds of houses and services does the you were right.
neighbourhood have? 1 The speaker says that homelessness can be
Now compare this description to the worst blamed on 1
neighbourhood in your town or city. a socrety.

b the breakdown of families. 2
c the economic situation.
d hnmolocc nannla i v.
3
YvvH
at 4
I Are there homeless people in your town or city? 2 He says that homeless people don't have jobs
5
Decause
Where can you find them? a they're drunk all of the time. 6
Are there any organizations working to help them?
b they don't want to. 7
c they're too dirty.
The speaker in the following exercise has some delinite d they have mental problems.
views on the homeless. Many people might disagree;
I
3 He says that the main thing that annoys him is
9
imagine you are one of them and make notes t0 give an a seeing them sleeping around the train statron.
opposing speech. b being asked to buy alcohol for them. 10
c the use of taxes to pay for homeless programmes.
d that society neglects people with mental problems.
4 He says that homeless people with mental -

oroblems UHe
a should be in institutions. qu esti
b put an unnecessary burden on their families. questir
c make up only a small percentage of the homeless
community.
d are like brothers to him.
aTo
b Ovr
c The
d Noi
The Modern City e Bec
Urban'geography' amusement park i tuntair council estate (GB) / flats / high-rlse estate suc
population density busker (GB) / street musician / housing project (US) IOV
CENS US p rayg r0u n0 graf{iti
seaboard town / coastal town adventure playground ghetto f Bec
port vandal ism inte
' harbour climbing frame
green spaces / parks / greenbelt
holiday resort slide
wide, straight streets narrow, winding
g Ber
provincial industrial town sandp it "
" ne€
market town cnnrtc nnmnlov / nonfrp a ileys
pro
suburbs / suburban sprawl gasworks high street (GB) / main street (US)
ribbon development Dre\/Very blind alley / cul-de-sac
npdpctrirn nroninnt
built-up area cemetery / graveyard PwUUJL||uLIyIwv|||vl
town centre (GB)/ downtown (US) barracks Types / names of streets

commercial centre warehouse avenue
road
'
on the outskirts inner city office block / skyscraper
police station / headquarters
alley
cathedral (makes a town a city)
lane
community church multi-storey car-park r0w
church hall out-of-town shopping centre te rrace
community centre hypermarket embankment (GB) /
mosque (for Moslems) slum / economically and socially deprived riverside drive (US)
cresce nt
temple (for Hindus and mainly atea
Buddhists) shanty town bou levard
afca0e
gurdwara (for Sikhs) neglected area / shabby housing
square
synagogue (for Jews) housing estate (GB) / C I [CUS
art-gal lery neighbourhood (US)
h^r^î^^t ^^"i^^^
uutdiltLdt gdt uuilJ
aaaaaaSateaataaacaaaaaataaaaaaaa!aaaaa
aa
a
rred ict $ Read the text on the right and find

a
a
a
a
RETURN TO
leck if a word that means:
a
1 a major movement of people

a
o
a
a
THE INNER CITY
or animals t
t
2 grow a,
3 already paftially built oa
* Over the last thirty years. a migration took place in most major .
4 run away from
5 crowded
I American cities - a migration away from the inner cities. As :
al
6 change in direction . cities expanded in both population and size, many people have .
7 things that make you very I decided to move away from city centers and out to the suburbs. :
unnappy ! There were many reasons for this change. Probably the most :
8 clean but lifeless !6'aimportant was the opportunity of owning a house in the :
9 money and materials * suburbs. Every day construction companies built more tract .
10 lack of care
o'a
o homes: cheap and often prefabricated houses which, although .
mes. at
ems r not very beautiful, were economical and within reach of r
F ! middle-class families looking to own their own house. :
! nere are the answers to some aa
questions. Try to work out the aa
r Economic considerations, however, were not the only reasons .
questions. oa
s for the migration to the suburbs. Many people were also trying .
o,t
I to escape the negative aspects of the inner cities. They grew .
a To find affordable housing. ! tired of living in cramped and expensive apartments, !
b Over the last thifty years. ! surrounded by noise and pollution. Another major concern was :
c They don't look very nice. ' safety. With crime, especially violent crime, on the rise in many :
d Noise, pollution, and violence.
s American cities, many people decided that the inner cities were .
-1 I
e Because so many people live in the
I not a safe place to live, especially if there were children :
blo I
J involved. Thus much of the upper and middle classes fled the :
suburbs and have to use them to get
a
aa
I
I
to work. * inner cities, leaving the poor to inhabit the city centres. .
I
I
f Because they are cheaper and more ::
I interesting than the suburbs. . In recent vears, however, some American cities have seen a r
a'
I
I g Because they have the money I reversal of this trend. As more and more people move out to :
needed to deal with the inner city's
I
I problems.
! the suburbs, the freeways and public transportation systems :
a,a
I
i that take these people to their jobs in the cities have become !
I
! overcrowded, leading to all the miseries of heavy commuter :
II
! traffic. Many of the suburbs have also become more expensive :
I
I
! to live in, while the apartments in the inner cities have dropped .
a'a
t o somewhat in price. Also, the suburbs can often be sterile, .
I boring places, faceless blocks of tract houses and shopping :
l
I I malls with no cultural life or entertainment. The result of these :
I
I ! factorr is that some middle-class professionals have started :
ffi
I
I I moving back into the city, bringing with them the resources :
I
tI I and the initiative needed to revive the run-down city centres :
I ' and help deal with some of the problems that decades of poverty :
e and neglect have brousht about. .
ra

WASTE DISPOSAL AND OTHER SERVICES
I
I Going through the rubbish, take a look at lhe
contents of one household's dustbin.
{ fn, town council of Crustyville is going to debate
the following proposal. Does your city olfer any of these?
1*
asks y
Which of these items could be recycled, reused, 0r directir
put to use in a better way than being thrown out?
TIIE TOWN COUNCIL OF it's hi
+€*t\:$s CRUSTYVILLE close
- -: .
empty tins of soup it's sti
r . :' beer bottles the nr.
i: potato peelings will today hear a motion to rework the
. straigJ
an old ripped shirt Crustyville Waste Disposal Centre to make it secon
lawn clippings more environmentally friendly. Some of the oppos
newspapers proposed changes are: pass ,
food that has gone off then a
1. Placing recycling bins outside the disposal
empty mayonnaise jars get or
centre.
plastic shopping bags get of
a broken plate 2. Sening up a recycling centre which would switcl
junk mail take old f'urniture & appliances and fix them 73 bu
plastic bottles up for sale later.
CTOSS
6
/ How would you expect household rubbish to be 3. Making a separate section for wood &
dilferent in 1950 and today? garden cuttings, which could be turned into
at farming products such as mulch or compost. 2rn
Ask hil
.f Wtrat do you think is better lor the inhabitants ol
lowns - should services like waste disposal, water a railr
supply or fire brigade be private enterprises or is it F
a mus
more advantageous il they are run by local councils ! Uow take a role card from your teacher and act 0ut the
a stre(
or euen by the state? meeting.
a depr
Waste Disposal Water Emergency
dustbin (GB) / garbage can (US) town reservoir (the dam is the wall that Services
dustbin day (GB) / garbage pick-up holds it back)
(US) to dial 999 (GB)/ 911 (US)
annual rainfall
fire escape
dustman / waste disposal operative drought / dry spell , floods
(GB) / garbage collector / man (US) fire extinguisher
available reserves
dustcart (GB) / fire brigade (GB) /
algae bloom
garbage truck (US) fire department (US)
garoen nose
rubbish dump (GB) / tip (US) fire station
hosepipe ban
t0 recycre fire engine (GB)i fire truck (US)
metered water
biodegradable s iren
waterworks
incinerator ladder
home f ilters
scrap-heap (GB) i junk yard (US) extension ladder
sanitation, department of sanitation
bottle bank ({i re)hose
drain
ski p hydrant
gutter
street cleaners / street sweepers Overcome Dy sm0Ke
SEWET
(in){lammable' non-inflammable
fly-tipping / illegal dumping sewage disposal plant
(to) litter fire-resistant fabric
maintenance personnel in unilorm "
litter-bin (GB) / trasn can (US) fireproof material
in plain clothes
lnnrl nnrrnnil hrrdnot
toxic waste rat
waste relrigerants / lluorocarbons lax enlorcement of regulations
verm i n
to damage the ozone layer not enough inspectors
unhygienic conditions
packag i ng chemical runo{f
plastic bags public lavarories i roilets / conveniences
styrofoam / polystyrene
ASKING AND TELLING THE WAY
I at
lebate
hese?
I
You are in Prague, crossing Charles Bridge. Atourist J fale turns asking the way and giving directions, using
asks you the way to the Castle. Give him the appropriate the map and the expressions below.
-1 directions.
Example:
it's half--r,vay along this street
close to / next to ls it a long way to...?
I
it's still a lon-e way away Can you tell me the way to ... . please?
the number thlee bus goes past it
straight orr Excuse me. How do I get to ... ?
ir
second leli afier the lights Can you help me, please? l'm lost.
he
o1-rposite
I seem to be lost.
pilss .... on yoLlr ri-qht and you can'l rriss it
then ask again ls this the right way to ... ?
get tln the l 6 bus at the square Could you show me on the map where ... is2
-set off at the fburth stop Do you know where ... is?
switch over to / change / transf'er (US) to the
73 bus ls there ... near here?
cnrss the briclge / street
at
f Ctroose another city you and your partner know well. { Oescrine the way lrom your school to somewhere in
_tl Ask him/her to tell you the way lo some places there, e.g. particular and let your classmates guess where you are
going. This is best done in groups of three to five students.
r rriilway station The most complicated description is then presented to
a musellm the class.
out the
a street nrarket
a departnent store, etc.

at
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT LN
ctimel
right.
I neaO the following story and fill in the correcl verb forms.
I
The story begins one day when Ms Barlow 1 (call) the police and 2 (tell) them that her 2
two sons, aged 8 and 12,3 (kidnap). She 4 (give) the police a description of the 3
kidnapper and 5 (rell) rhem that he 6 (use) her car to escape. An extensive manhunt 4
7_(begin), and the police finally 8 (apprehend) a young man, Mr Houlbrooke, and 5
(charge) him with the kidnappings. The police's case against Mr Houlbrooke was, however, very 6
weak. They 10 (can) only prove that he ll (see) 12 (lurk) around Ms 7
Barlow's neighbourhood, and there was no sign of the car or the two boys. Mr Houlbrooke 13 (insist) 8
that he 14 (be) innocent and even L5 (produce) an alibi fbr the tirne of the kidnapping. 9
What further 16 (confuse) the police was that Ms Barlow 17 (not contact) by the 10
kidnappers and no ransom demands 18 (ever make).
3to
about
Throughout the ordeal, Ms Barlow 19 (act) strangely, but the police just 20 (think) it
the pe
was due to the stress she was under. Then. the police sot a break in the case. Two fishermen 21 (find')
(be) the bodies of the two young boys. At this point.
Ms Barlow's car in a river. lnside the car 22
Ms Barlow completely 23 (break) down, and finally 24 (confess) that she
4,,
punisl
25 (kill) her sons and then 26 (make) up the whole story 27 (cover) it each r
The fo
up. She 28 (immediately arrest) and 29 (charge) with two counts of murder, and the
charges against Mr Houlbrooke 30 (drop) and he 3l (release) from custody.
At Ms Barlow's trial, the prosecutor 32 (portray) Ms Barlow as a monster and 33 (ask)

tbr the death penalty. Ms Barlow, however, 34 (plead) insanity. Several witnesses
35 (testify) that she 36 (have) a long history of mental instability, and the state
psychiatrist 37 (pronounce) her medically incapable of 38 (distinguish) between right
and wrong. She 39 (acquit) of the murders of her two sons and 40 (send) tcr 5B
a cour
a psychiatric hospital, where she 4l (stay) for two years. Now, only three years after the whole case pe0pl€
42 (begin) and after 43 (serve) no time in prison whatsoever, she they sl
44 (live) in the same house where she 45 (raise), and 46 (kill) her two
SONS.
Grime and Punishment counsel lor the defence

mugg I ng in uniform , in plain clothes atrto y,
ururw nrnconiltnr
vvwvurvl
n0-90 area flying squad (GB) Jury
"l'm afraid to go out alone at SWAT (i.e. special weapons and tactical guilty not guilty
night squad) (US)
'
criminal
police corruption arrest/ nick (coll ) / collar (coll.) / book csll in a jail / gaol / prison
(US coll.)
You c
bent coppers crime wave
perj u ry to appear ln court
lollowi
organised crime
policeman / bobby / copper the accused in the dock undermanned
c0p magistrate recru itment
on the beat (GB) / JUdge the underworld / professional criminals
on patrol (US) WitNESS / crooKs
police car / patrol car (US) lawyer juvenile delinquents
panda car so licito r hooligans / vandals
detectlve barrister lager louts
rt
I lllarcn the following names of During a fight in a bar, one man unintentionally kills another
ffimes to their descriptions on the man. The man who got killed was the one who started the
right. fight.
L murder
A man goes out on a date with a woman and later forces her to
at her 2 blackmail have sex with him.
3 robbery
Two men abduct a rich businessman's son and demand one
lnt 4 manslaughter
million dollars in ransom for his return. The men are caught
d 5 drunken drivins and the boy is very scared but not physically hurt.
ry 6 rape
A man comes home to find his wife in bed with another man.
Ms 7 burglary
He sneaks away, gets a gun, then shoots and kills both his wife
rslst) 8 mugging and the man.
rping. 9 assault
Two men go into a jewellery store and force the manager to
10 kidnapping give them all of the jewellery in the store. They are caught
trying to get away. No one is hurt. Both men have a long
tt criminal record.
$ Now give the velb used to talk
about each crime and the name ol A man gets involved in a car accident after running a red light.
k) it the person who commits the crime. A breathalyser test shows that he has been drinking heavily.
find)
Both of the people in the other car are hospitalised.
{ In small groups, decide what A skinhead beats up a young boy outside a dance club. The
punishment should be given to
skinhead has a history of violent crimes.
?r) [ each ol the criminals.
The following verbs can help you. A young man breaks into an apartment and steals some
the
valuables and a television. No one is hurt. The man is a drus
to be sentenced to
addict and was stealing to buy more drugs.
to get a jail sentence of
to put sb behind bars Two men take pictures of a local politician picking up
_(ask)
to get away with a prostitute. They threaten to release the pictures to the press if
to release sb on bail the politician does not pay a certain amount of money every
month.
right F A homeless man beats up an old man and takes his wallet. The
C Below is a diaglam of old man is not seriously hurt. It is later shown that the
a courtroom. Say who each ol the
ase homeless man has serious mental problems.
people are, what they do and where
they stand / sit.
r tlvo
jury
judge
l
public
barrister
accused / defendant
dock
witness box
You can also use some ol the

following verbs:
to be accused of
I
to plead guilty
to defend
to testify
to be under oath
to rule

TOWN & COUNTRY - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I
I The expressions on the left are used to talk about crime. Match lhem with their meanings on the right. I rn,
a a police informer, especially a narcotics agent
1 black money
2 black market
b smuggled, stolen or illegally offered for sale
3 revolving-door (justice) c to steal
4 a questionable payment d to trick
5 to help yourself e cash made illegally or not declared for tax
6 grifter f con man, trickster
7 to help / assist the police (with their g to be in custody for an offence for which you have
inquiries) (GB) not yet been charged
8 bootleg
h untaxed, unregulated, and often illegal business
9 narc
i bribe
10 IO COn
j unduly lenient and ineffective (justice)
TT
| | Insert the following wolds into the text below.
MISSING PROPERTY WANTED RETRIEVAL STOLEN URBAN DIRECT ACCESS ll'n,
Police radio-communications systems, which profited considerably from the advances in electronics during and CRIM
after World War ll and from developments in the U.S. space program, also benefited from the development of computers,
which made possible the quick 11 of information on 12 properry,

may D
13 persons, and other police intelligence. Many 14 centres now use oolice cars
sysren
that have 15 to departmental computers and contain equipment capable of receiving printouts of
atarm
orders and lists of wanted persons or 16 However, the augmented flow of information has placed an
vanery
added burden on existing communications systems.
telephr
|| | tru the fottowing

their meaning. They g0
verbs into groups according t0
together with either the noun
l\f tn'rn of the totlowing verbs Gan be used with the
word FIRE (a) and which with the word WATER (b)?
lll,
their r
C0URT (a), or with the noun CRIME (b). P()LIC
17 to address 24 bring under control

18 to encourage 25 catch
19 to keep down 26 contaminate / pollute
20 to take sb to 27 draw
21 to hear evidence 28 extinguish / put out
22 to wipe out 29 pour
23 to increase / reduce 30 spreao
a sentence
TOWN & COUNTRY - AND MORE PRACTICE...
T
I The expressions on the left are used to talk about crime. Match them with their meanings on the right.
1 funny money a oolice officer

2 private enterprise b criminal
3 rip off c cash that cannot be spent openly
4 copper get undeserved punishment while the culprit goes
d
5 laundered money free
6 black market
e cheat
7 under the table
t involving bribery, secret
8 carry the can / take the fall
9 known to the police s having a criminal record or be suspected of crime
10 anti-social h illegal trading by an employee
I funds improperly acquired made available for
open spending
illegal dealing in restricted goods
CESS ll lnr.rf the following words inlo the text below.
rg and CRIME FIRE STATIONS PATROL CARS AIRCRAFT TRANSMISSION MOBILE
)uIers,
In a large city, the sources of information that must be fed into the central system are remarkably varied. Police
)perty,
may be on foot or motorcycles, in 11 , in patrol boats, or in 12-. In addition, the
e cars
system must encompass links to 13 ambulance services, traffic-control systems, rescue teams,
ruts of
alarm systems, emergency utility seruices, crime-information systems, and 14 laboratories. A
:ed an
variety of fixed and 15 systems are used, including radios, television (including closed-circuit),
telephone, teletypewriters, and facsimile 16
ITT
ith the ||| Sort the lollowing verbs into groups according t0 lV Which ol the tollowing adiectives can be used
r)? their meaning. They g0 together with eilher the noun with the word ROAD (a) and which with the word STREET
POLICE (a), or with the noun CRIMINAL (b). (b)? ll there is an opposite, give the opposite as well.
17 to combat crime 24 back

18 to commit crime 25 counrry
19 to take to crime 26 dead-end

27 maJor
20 to reduce crime
28 private
21 to fight crime 29 quiet
22 to perpetrate crime 30 ring
23 to prevent crime

SIGHTSEEING 3*'
1
a
I wnicn of the following cities is
MY FAVOURITE CITY
your favourite, or the one which you
I first fell in love with Paris when these things don't stop rvith the
would most like to visit? List all of the I was backpacking around Europe. Renaissance. The Parisians have such
reasons why you'd like to visit that It's hard to explain what exactly made a sense of style and taste that they've
city. me fall in love with this particularcity. truly managed to blend modern art
It wasn't just the typical charm and trends into the classical ones quite
Tokyo New York London romance of the place. By the time I beautifully. I remember going into the 4rn
arrived in Paris I'd been travelling for courtyard of one beautiful old 1Th
Cairo Prague Paris a month, so I'd seen plenty of building, the name of which I never Eu
a
Rio de Janeiro Beijing charming and romantic places. As a knew because, at the beginning ofmy
matter of fact, I was starting to get a stay, I had decided to exchange the b
San Francisco Sydney little sick of it. I had spent two months hostel's tourist map for a regular road c
dragging myself from one museum or map. This building was obviously d
cathedral to another, going through hundreds of years old, and yet it was 2By
town after beautiful town. until filled with modern sculoture and a
I realised that I was no had an incredible modern
longer having fun. It fountain that sprayed
wasn't tourist water beneath your
fatigue feet. The mix of the :
becoming classical and the
3 Thr
desensitised by modern was
all of the breathtaking. I'll b
paintings and never forget it.
churches I'd seen ;
- it was something The people were 4 Thr
different. It was the wonderful, too, which
was quite a surprise, in
',,/light of the fact that
b
strange, stufty feeling
I would get when I :
walked down the old Parisians have such a
cobblestone streets of Venice or reputation for being unfriendly and
Sienna, the f-eeling that I was walking snobbish. I think that people mistake
in a dead city. Even the big capital confidence for snobbishness. I driv
cities didn't f-eel as if they had made Parisians are tiercely proud, not just I lore
rr.lj of living in Paris, but of being I

a
sou
their way into the twentieth century.
\s"*.*.*$
They f'elt more like big museums Parisian. They aren't just sitting I towr
dedicated to a golden age that had around trying to sell you Eifl'el Tower
passed and would never return. paperweights and cheap souvenirs.
They're always on the go, on their
Paris, on the other hand, was like way to their jobs and their cultural
a breath of fresh air. It was full of life, events and their homes. The city
teeming with it. It jumped through the doesn't live for tourism; it has a lit'e
window of my hostel every morning, of its own. It earns a lot of money
fl waking me up with the cries of street from tourism, but you feel like there's
L How does your home town
compare with these cities?
Does it have any of the things that
vendors and rubbish collectors and
passers-by. Of course Paris has all of
so much lit'e and economic activity
that if one day all of the tourists
lffi
la
these other cities have? the cathedrals and museums that you stopped coming, Paris would I fine
I burt
Does ithave anything special and
unique that these cilies don't have?
would expect fiom a European capital
city. The diff-erence is that in Paris
somehow manase. And Ibet it would.
l'*
PLANNING A TOUR
at I
.f Read the text and find a word that means the following:
I When you are sightseeing, do you preler guided tours
0r going 0n your 0wn? What are some 0f the reasons fo]
1 fascination, attractiveness
and against each option? List them below.
2 extreme tiredness
3 to reduce or destroy the sensitivity of
4 lacking fresh air or ventilation
Guided tours lndividual travel
For For
5 to be full of or swarming with
th the 6 to form a harmonious comoound
'e such 7 a feeling of reliance or certainty
ley've B vehemently, very strongly
)rn art I to meet one's needs with limited resources

; quite Against Against
nto the { Choose the best answer.
rl old 1 The author feels that Paris is different from the other
nevef European cities he visited because
a it does not have the oldjashioned charm that the
;of my other cities have.
b other cities have more cathedrals and museums.
,r rOad c Paris is more of a modern city.
6 z---'.
iously d the other cities were not caoital cities.
f. tsJl You will hear a conversation between Mike,
lt was 2 By the time he arrived in Paris, the author a tour guide, and his friend John. Mike talks about a
re and a had become desensitised by seeing too many works tour he recently led through ltaly. Below are s0me 0f
rodern of art.
b was tired of seeing villages and towns that were only
the words from the story. Before you listen see il you
rrayed can predict what Mike is going to say.
quaint and charming.
r your c was stading to regret taking his trip.
of the d was tired and needed a rest.
rd the
3 The author feels that Paris' special appeal lies in its disaster Venice gondolas canal
was a large collection of museums and churches.
g. I'll b economic and cultural life. hospital Florence heat pensioners
lt. c modern art exhibits.
temper menus hamburgers
d vibrant people and atmosphere.
wef e 4 The writer feels that tourism
which a is not the main concern of most Parisians. How would you desuibe Mike's tour group? How would
rise, in b rs not an important pad of Paris' economy. you have dealt with the situations Mike talks about?
t that c causes more harm than good.
d is resented by most Parisians.
cha
ly and
nistake Sightseeing conve nt Planning a Tour national park
driving up prices monastery Preparati on arboretum
hne s s.
foreign currency public buildings guide book formal / ornamental gardens
just
rot
souvenir / gift shop SITEEIS field guide (to plants or animals) safari park
being
town hall narr0w hreknrnr rnd rpcprrnh theme park
sitting memorial twisty / winding D isneyland
Tower tourist information
monument cobb led stately home (GB) /
remains of old town walls
speciallst map
venirs. fountai n mansion (US)
ortitications reference library
n their astronomical clock f off the beaten track
clty gate phrase book
rultural prague c0rumn clubland / to go clubbing
ancrent SIAIU E local knowledge red-l ight area
]e clty
historrcal sculptural group route planning site of (pre)historical interest
s a lit-e
med iaeval IOMD battleground
money Priorities and objectives
building of historical catacomb historical re-enactment
to wander around alone
there's s ign if icance lookout tower scenic viewpoint / panorama
guide / courier
rctivity modern building of particular rUlNS homes of the famous
nn
v,, ua nrridod nnanh inrrr
ourlsts architectural interest historical skyline vu,uvu ronnnqtrrrntinn nf neqt lifp
fine residence cultural heritage conducted tour
would overload i tourist fatigue
burgher's house pri ce less package tour
would. desensitisation
aristocrat's house art / national treasure party ol tourists
. SIGHTSEEING. 93
TOUR SIGHTS 6t'
I tr
I Have y0u ever been to London? ll so, talk about the .l Write a similar speech lor a tour of your city or
place you liked most. lf not, talk about whether you another famous city you know well, using some of lhe
would like to go there, and what you would most like to lollowing expressions.
see if you did. Presenl your speech to the class.
fl town hall
fountain astronomical clock Upon
IS IInln
e
/You are a tour guide who has been hired to take a plague column palace convent monastery Soldier
group of pensioners around London for their first time.
Usually, your tour would cover the six places below,
abbey fortifications c0bbled streets city gate bctwee
tribute
bul because yourtour group is a bit older, you willonly
catacombs cathedral basilica castle this po
have time to see four of these places. Decide which arboretum theme park botanical gardens propol.l
places you want to visit, then write your welcome speech red-light district amusement park safari park ccntun
lo your lour group, in which you tell them about the day's zoo art gallery In the r
programme. You will lind some uselul expressions in hall
concert theatres rvhich
the box on the following page. choir s
su rfout
o Big Ben and Westrrtinster Abbey. thc nrost

tclclcd
scleen
i
fitmous church in Britain. Kings irncl cplcells oligina

cror,vned here. Most royal weddings take place { tou, local town council has just announced that it is
the chc
going to spend more m0ney on tourist lacilities such as
here. bounci
public toilets, tourist maps, and even a promotional
o Br,rckin-shan Palace. London hor.ne of the royal
campaign to advertise your city in magazines abroad. One o1
fiulily. u'indor
Do you think this is a good use of money, or could the
o Piccadilly Circus. the hub of London's ni,qht
money be better spent on other projects?
r,r"indor
lif-e. with good places to shop and eat. festot'e
did wh,
o British Museum. holcls some of thc worlcl's F
fi nest archaeolo-rrical and etl-rnographic ! Rnswer the following questions: Muvin
collections. How has tourism allected your home cily or (,1). Be,
o St. Paul's Catheclral. lar-ee cathedral with a major city in your country? dating
Italian
wonderful statlles ancl carvings in stone. wood. Are lhere certain nalionalities who are better tourists
in the F
ancl iron. than others? British
o Tower Bridge. huge mechanical bridge. bLrilt Whal image do people from your country have when ol thc c
in the late l9th centr"rry, which can be raisecl to they travel abroad?
allow boats to pass on the river, symbol fbr all What London sights are missing in the picture below? real of
of London. rvhich r
ol arm:
& s$
s, .6$r?!5ff ris$r*ss!
**
\$
6.J:d
g ,4f{I$riN
ratg \
* " *o\&"
.l\s sr eqlsk *q.*,S
{S{l}l$Ss.$l. s
Itc
I
t
:"
l*ss s
$
{f I! Citv
,i.,r:,i*ri*S$
{il}nf
coLrnrs
*#rM_ I
!
tota
tost
S
* ;:tr { fhro
I 0nc
E
u
ta
..,".: I to o,
*-*.;W-d* ,4t'{,& (qF

$
fJ}qr-
II to si
0r
I toni
!rc
! paur
! tota
! IOSI
I obsc
I lOu ir
I oate
lF
fl nead through the following guide to Westminster Abbey and lind the numbered features on the map.
;ity or
ol the WESTMINSTER
ABBEY
Upon entering the Abbey from the West Door, the visitor
is immediately confronted by the Grave of the Unknown
srery Soldier (1). Located in the middle of the centre aisle,
y gate between the two rows of ancient oak pews, the Grave is a
tribute to those that died in the First World War. From
e
this point it is easy to appreciate the great height and
ns proportions of the nave, which was constructed over three
park centunes.
In the middle of the nave stands the beautiful choir screen,
which hides the choir from view durins services. The
choir screen's exquisite thirteenth centuiy stonework is
sunounded by newer neo-Gothic omaments, which were
added in the nineteenth century. Directly above the choir
screen is the present organ (2), which evolved from one
at it is originally built in 1730. During senices, the sounds of
the choir and the organ seem to come out of the walls,
uch as
bouncing off of the vaulting and arches in perfect waves.
rtiona I
broad. One of the Abbey's most striking features is the rose

window (3) in the back wall of the south transeot. The
rld the
window's magnificent stained glass has recently been
restored, so that its colours now shine as brightly as they
did when it was first constructed in the fifteenth century.
Moving past the transepts, we come to the High Altar
(4). Behind the High Altar stand beautiful painted panels
dating from the thirteenth century, and on the floor is an
Italian mosaic of the same date. To the rear of the Abbey,
0urists
in the Henry VII Chapel, are the tombs of the most famous
British Monarchs. The tomb of Elizabeth I (5), on the left
r when ofthe chapel, is located directly opposite the tomb ofher
great enemy, Mary, Queen of Scots (6). Finally, in the
elow? rear of the Chapel is the tomb of Henry VII (7), upon
which sit two small stone angels holding Henry VII's coat
of arms between them.
WEST ENTRANCE
Tour Sights
City tour city charter cnancel cand lestick Styles
to take sb round it dates back to / dates from belf ry CTOSS late / early
to start at to be rebuilt crypt crucif ix Gothic
through / via partly restored (flying) buttress ^+î^^n
Jrdil ^t^^^
ruu urd)J neoGoth ic
on our way to renovated in the Gothic (etc.) vault column Renai ssan ce
to drop in at style rdil voutUilu fresco baroque / Baroque
to give a place the the original building burnt down vestry c0r0nna0e rococo / Rococo
0nce-0ver ' was destroyed / demolished choi r n iche Romanesque
to have a quick glance Church and cathedral nave stations of the cross Art Nouveau
r0und
Orthodox / Protestant / Catholic aisle basi I ica Tudor
pause for refreshment
cnurcn rransepl rotunda Georg ian
to take a quick break at abbey pe!V nilnrimrno qitp Regency
to stop / stay over in parish f ont shrine Victorian
obscure origins bishopric pu lp it
foundation stone dome altar
date of foundation tower'spire'steeple altarpiece
. SIGHTSEEING. 95
SIGHTS
I
I neaO the following text and put back the following expressions. I Rear
RICH IN DATING FROM BANK HUNDRED SPIRES TAVERNS HOUSING ESTATES

Pri
The Vltava River cuts a nodh-south path through central Prague. On its left (west) bank are located the Royal
the 2
Gardens, Hraddany (Prague Castle), and the Mald Strana ("Lesser Town"), which is blanketed by gardens and parks.
rococo
Theright(east)1-oftheVltaVaisdominatedbytheStar6M6sto(..o|dTown,,'2
neoclar
the12thcentury)andtheNov6M6sto(,.NewTown,',14thcentury).Bothare3-
historical monuments and churches, which account for the description of Prague as the "city of a 5_
4-.,'ThenarrowStreetS,sma||5-,andcosyreStaurantSoftheo|dersections sprung
contrast with the broad sweep of Wenceslas Square as well as with modern parks and housing developments. New
6-,forexamp|e(referredtoas..towns,,),havebeenbui|tontheperipherytoaccommodate
the majority of Prague's population.
ll*
7
ll
| | Two texts from tourist leaflets have been mixed together. Soil them out and provide them with titles.
7 The Argyllshire gathering has long been one of 13 There are piping and Highland dancing
the highlights of the Highland Games season in competitions, traditional heavy athletic events,
Scotland. track and field athletics, hill race, tug o' war
8 The Royal Palace of Falkland is a 16th-century competition, fun races, and other attractions.
Renaissance palace, with attractive gardens 14 A well-thought-out conservation policy has seen
and the Royal Tennis Court, built as a country a restoration of the palace and the inclusion of
residence for the Stewaft kings and queens. craft shops, a weaver's cottage, tearooms, 10
9 Visitors will see the exquisite chapel, the restaurants and hotels.
fascinating Royal Tennis Courl - the oldest in 15 Meals and snacks are available on the field.
Britain - and the Royal apartments. 16 It is hoped that the Golden Lions Team will 11
10 Oban Games take place at Mossfield Park, make a free{all parachute drop during the
Oban, and start with the traditional march to the Games, weather permitting.
Games Field led by the Stewards of the 17 Falkland is now a conservation area. On a walk 12
Argyllshire gathering, accompanied by the through the streets, the visitor will spot many of
pipers competing in the light music competitions the features that make the village attractive.
on the Games Field.
1g lf you are fond of things truly Highland, you will 13
11 Mary, Queen of Scots, spent many happy days find them at the Oban Highland Games.
at the palace playing the country girl in the
parkland and woods. 19 Admission price includes the programme of
'12 Today Falkland still prospers while retaining its
character, which makes it such a tourist
20
events.
In the town hall, across the street from the
palace, an innovative exhibition describes the
lll'21
attraction.
history of the building.
|| | Sorr words have been changed in the lollowing sentences. Find them and replace them with correct ones. 22
21 As early as the ninth century, mention was done 26 ln 1450 he retired to his castle in Blois and
of a castle in Blois. organized poetry games in which everyone
22 The Count of Blois, who owed Tours and could take olace.
Charlres, rebuilt this castle in the middle of the 27 Frangois Villon came to the yard of Blois and
tenth century. participated in the competition. 24
23 In 1230 the heritage was handed over to the 28 The main wing looks over onto the front
Chatillon family who continued the conversion of courtyard.
the castle. 29 All these buildings, in the same style, were
25
24 The earldom of Blois was bouoht to Duke Louis conducted over some ten years.
d'Orl6ans in 1391. gO The castle was latter the venue for festivals,
25 The young Duke Charles was caught prisoner love stories, endless dramas, and intrigues.
by the English.
SIGHTS - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I
I Read the following text and put back the following expressions.
ANCIENT CORE BAROQUE GOTHIC ROMANESQUE CLASSICAL CEMETERY

Prague,sarchitectura|treaSUreSrangefromthe1-(the10th-centuryChurchofSt.George)through
ll
the2-(St.Vitus'Cathedra|andTfnChurch)tothe3-(theVa|d5tejnandC|am-Ga||aspa|aces),
rococo(theGo|z-KinskfPa|ace),4-(theBediichSmetanaMuseumandtheBe|vederePa|ace),and
neoclassical (the National Museum and the National Theatre). The Old-New Synagogue and the Old Jewish
5-_Europe,so|dest_testifytothestrongJewishtraditioninPrague,spast|ife.Newbui|dingshave
tons SprungupinandaroundPrague,butthe6-ofthecityhasbeenpreserved.
lew
)date
ll
| | Two texts from tourist leallets have been mixed together. Sort them out and provide them with titles.
7 The lsle of Skye is a powerful attraction to 14 Skye has suffered Norse invasion, bloody clan
visitors from all over the world. rivalry, the ruthless torching of townships and
the banishment of their people in crowded
8 Many are drawn by its legendary beauty, and emigrant ships.
some of the wildest mountain and coasta
scenery imaginable, while others come in '15 ln the 19th and 20th centuries, the cathedral
)NIS, search of family roots - for over the centuries was increasingly seen as the national church of
IT
many Gaels have made new lives overseas. Scotland, and its many monuments reflect this
period.
'ls. 9 St Giles is a place to pause and think; a place
i seen where the Christian faith is exolored and 16 There are usually people available in the
rn of enjoyed; and so it has been for many centuries. Cathedral who can give further information.
10 This is the High Kirk of Edinburgh which has 17 But through it all, Gaels have nurtured a sense
been for over 1000 vears the citv church of of independence - today their language
d Edinburgh. flourishes, and the fragile system of crofting
continues to texture the landscape.
I 11 Common to all who visit us, however, is an
appreciation of life's finer qualities, in particular 18 For sheer enjoyment, relaxation, quality
the warm hospitality that is traditional here. accommodation. suoerb cuisine and warm
hospitality, few areas can match Skye.
IWAIK 12 In the Middle Ages it became a collegiate
Lny of church reflecting the growth of the capital of 19 No wonder it remains one of the foremost
Scotland. holiday destinations - for people in the know.
u will 13 In the 16th and 17th centuries, St Giles'was at 20 We hope that you will find here help and hope,
the centre of the Scottish Reformation, led here encouragement and inspiration.
cf by John Knox.
TTT
|| | Some words have been changed in lhe lollowing sentences. Find them and replace them with correct ones.
Ine 21 The incursions of modern oatterns of life have 26 Some customs have all but disappeared in the
done much to weak the traditional arts, villages: older women seldom bear black
entertainments, and customs of regional and dresses and scarves nowadays; and the village
rural Germany. men no longer appear in top hat and cutaway for
tes. 22 Less so in southern Germany, where the older a funeral orocession.
arts and customs have perceived concurrently 27 Popular festivals still abandon in the west,
f, with a gradual adaptation to a modern, urban southwest, and south, the regions that have
E
pattern of life. clung most to the practices of a traditional,
23 The young still dance around the village preindustrial age.
lnd mayrod, but they also dance to the disco beat. 28 Near-heathen usages such as the donning of
24 The woodcarvers, violin makers, and gunsmiths elaborate wooden masks during the pre-Lenten
of Upper Bavaria continue, under great celebrations in the southwest remain unaffected
economic oress. to follow their trades. in spite of being televised.
25 Pheasant women in the Black Forest still wear 29 In Roman Empire areas, hundreds of people
elaborate costumes known as Tracht on festival march in full procession on Corpus Christi Day.
days, not to amaze tourists but because they 30 What is remarkable is not merely that these
Lls, have always done so - yet these are the areas traditions survive but also that the homelier and
)s. in which the tourist industry is most highly less celebrated of them remain truly genuine
develooed. and naive in their conservancv.
. SIGHTSEEING. 97
TRAVEL 1*,
but is
List al
the da
Which
TRAVEL ABROAD
2ro
box. G
on' *Ji' n' I ;sot"7' follow

r
3":,":-h:l-,1o |*
T/1,,I J*oin
(American writer, satirist and world traveller, 1835-1910) 3*'
right.
hear tl
them i
I mentir
I Do you think Mark Twain was right? Explain your standpoinl and give
some examples.
a 4r''
involvr
/ In groups 0f four, talk about travelling abroad. Speak about your first
trips. Find out whose trip was the most interesting.
In pairs, tell your partner about the trip you would like t0 g0 f01 il you had the
time and money.
Then tell the other pair what you have learned lrom your partner.
al
il Wtrictr of the following expressions can be used when talking about your
trip abroad?
In what situations might you come across them?
A
na
Travel Abroad mi
travel insurance / holiday to tour by car ' by coach

' by public to extend a visa
ch
OU
insurance Iransp0rr work permit
dir
checkl ist package tour alien
passport / means of identilication travel literature customs (inspection)
bu
ol.
booked in advance i reserved
JK
brochure "Have you anything to declare?"
dc
cold-weather gear to travel ligtrt to smuggle
rai ngear to take everything but the kitchen sink immigration (control)
sh
clt
swimwear to apply for a passporl dr rtiehlo nnndc
bu
towel high commission import tax
ec
toilet articles consulate / embassy forbidden exports
ail
first aid kit visa i noculation certif icate
lor
basic medicines entry r0 cnange money
arl
suitcase brielcase tra ns it hr rrprr r do nhrnnp
" cn
holdall exrt rate ol exchange
rucksack (GB) / backpack (US) multiple entry
to
OV
multipurpose pocket knife / restricted
bo
penknife valid for n weeks
SE
walking holiday to be refused a vrsa
de
AIR TRAVEL
1
I Many people are afraid of llying, "Welcome on board. This is the captain speaking. We are now
flvins at 15.000 feet. In a short while the-flieht Ittendants will
bul is this fear really well-founded?
List all of the dangers of llying and be coming round to offer you a drink and soine light
refreshments."
the dangers of travelling by coach.
Which one is more dangerous? b "Would you like a window or aisle seat?"
ft c "Yes. vou can buv another carton of cisarettes without

exceeding your duty-free limit."
/ Look at the expressions in the
box. Group some of them under the "We are soffy to announce that flight 157 to Paris will be
following headings. delayed by thity minutes."
F*F'- |
f
"Please place all metal objects in the tray and step through the
metal detector."
"Is the purpose of your visit business or pleasure?"
at O "After claiming your baggage at carousel 3, please make your
.f Read the announcements on the b
way to customs and passport control."
right. ln what situations would you
hear them? Talk about them and put "Sorry about the bumpy ride there, folks. We ran into a little
them into order in the three groups bit ofturbulence, but if should be smooth flying from here on
out."
mentioned above.
"Yes, we do have a discount ticket on British Airways, but it
leaves on December 15 and not 16."
{ Snut your book and list the steps
j "Please fasten your seat belts and bring your seats to the full
involved in a flight.
upright position."
"We are sorry to announce that the flight has been
overbooked. If there are any volunteers willing to wajt for the
next flight, please make your way to the front counter now."
"We would like to bring your attention to some of the safety
features of this aircraft."
"Please have your passpofis and boarding cards ready as you
come to the sate."
Air Travel duty-free goods

to have one's flight called
to land / touch down
transit lounge
national airline to board the piane baggage (re)claim
major carrier fecton wulrr
,uurw, r vnr
qort holic to hilack
I
charter non-smoking flight to be taken hostage
budget flight to take off prane crasn
discount tickets on takeoif mid-air collision
bucket shop to be airborne Aircraft
stand-by to climb - lose height ai rl i ner
domestic flight reclining seats jet engine
shuttle air hostess / stewardess jumbo 1et
club class steward rbus
ai
business class flight attendants fuselage
economy class captain / pilot pr0pe iler
air terminal (in town) cabin crew tu rbo-p rop
long-term car park smooth " bumpy journeyi flight qrrnprqnnie trtncnnrt
uuvw,uv,ilw Uu,,wyw,r
arrival board " departure board turbulence short-haul transport
check-in counter ai rsi ck light plane
to check in n-f ght entertainment
i I i
ST0L (short takeoff and landing)
overbooked flight diverted to helicopter / copter
boarding card delayed wr ngs
security check to be held in the stack cockpit
0epanure r0unge on tne approacn
. TRAVEL. 99
SEA TRAVEL
I
I Read the advertisement on the
right and lill lhe gaps using the
wilY wlll rOR surrrn r0 G0rr r0 lLo
kind
one w
o
words below. YOU WIIil TOU GIT GO IO SUTilTR Oil

cruise sail dock board
[ $ro0ilr $rlril8 lurunY GRUr$ 0] Princ
cabin suites liner ports
guides
at
land
LBelow are the descriptions of a

66uple who took the iruise. In
ru ins
rilr EnEII rsl[tlf s

Luxury Cruise Lines' spring season has now begun, and we're kicking
th(
wil
an
th(
24
pairs, try to lhink of what they the year off with a bang with a special offer on a fabulous
thought of the cruise and some ol a
the things that might have I round the Greek Islands. Come and 2 m€
happened to them on the cruise. with us through the beautiful green waters of the Mediterranean, likt
Then role-play a conversation no
between them. where summer comes a little bit sooner and a whole lot hotter! We'll
Mary Prescott at 4_ on seven beautiful Greek Islands, Shini
fell in love with the Greek lslands r6(
when she travelled through them where our knowledgeable tour 5 will show you timeless
in
as a college student and has , romantic wilderness, and exciting cities. an
always wanted to go back
wants to get into really close contact Discover the joy of languishing in a romantic waterfall, or shopping en
with the culture and meet the col
people
in a small seaside open market.
Mc
hates tourist areas, prefers finding But not all of the action takes place on 7 ! You'll find rol
olaces off the beaten track
everything you need to feel at home on 8
had never been on a cruise ship
before Luxury Cruise Liner. We have a wide range of comfortable Shelr
Paul Prescott accommodation, starting with the economical single or th€
has been working extremely hard, TO
just wants to relax on his vacation double 9 and going all the way up to
bttr
and enjoy some nice weather luxurious As for entertainment. full
doesn't Iike hurrying from one hotel
to another and trying to deal with each 11_has a fitness centre and several nal
people who don't speak English nol
swimming pools, as well as casinos, bars,
isn't particularly interested in Greece, - an(
but knows that Mary loves it and showrooms. So come ioin the tun. /&
likes the idea of spending some time ano sall oII Into summer: John
on a ship as it reminds him of his G sul
days in the navy nol
at
.I igpi Now listen to a conversation between Paul and Mary. How close were you to what they actually said? Th
kit(
Sea Travel not wanted on voyage to be seasick / vomit /
oul
Some types of vessel yacnt (about goods) the
throw up
boat'ship'liner sailing ship / tall ship cabin " double cabin tn nof nnp'c cor lonc
0cean liner
cruise ship
sailing boat
lifeboat
sleeping berth
stater00m
tn lnqp qinht ni qhnrp
to drop " weigh anchor
lAt
I
ferry (boat) fishing boat I ounge
to ride at anchor I luxL
car ferry pilot boat to leave on the next tide to moor to a buoy I five
R0R0 (roll on roll o{i) Embarkation to sound the siren in nhrnnp enr rrqp fnr I fam
tug
h ove rc raft
port harbour (GB)
"
harbor (US)
/ Voyage
rough passage
to heave to in a storm
to raise land
II ooq
serl
quay (side) I hoa
hydrolo i
merchant ship
cargo ship
I
O OCK
narD0ur arm
freak wave
smooih crossing
g rass-car m
to come in to port
to dock at
to lower the gangplank
tfi;
I bact
paddle steamer gangway / gangplank psll , pitch to disembark I chal
lau nch bonded store / bonded area huge waves to set foot on dry land I mot
ACCOMMODATION
I 6
I Look at this page from a travel book and say what / Fill in the missing lines in the following dialogue.
kind of person each place is most suitable for? Which
one would you rather stay at? A Good morning, Sheldon International. How may I
helo vou?
Prince Hotel A luxurious hotel situated directly in B

the centre of town. Spacious rooms, equipped A One moment, please. I'm sorry, I'm afraid we're
with satellite TV, phones, hydro-massage baths fullv booked on the 15th.
and fully stocked bars. The restaurant is amongst
the finest in town, and room service is available B
24 hours a day. Friendly receptionists and staff, A Yes, I'm quite positive. We are hosting a convention
a wide range of services (including Swedish that week. But there are vacancies on the 16th.
massage and sauna), and little special touches
B
like a rose on every pillow combine to make this
A Fine, the sixteenth then. And will that be a single or
hotel truly the best place in town. double room'J
Shining Coast B&B A three-hundred-year old B

redbrick house located just outside of the centre A No, I'm afraid all of the rooms with a view of the
in a quiet residential neighbourhood. Come in ocean are doubles. The singles are mostly on the
and chat over breakfast with Molly, the owner, or other side, facing the gardens. It's still a lovely vrew,
enjoy breakfast in bed. The rooms are small but thoush.
cosy and decorated with a personal touch from
Molly's own family treasures. Good connections B
A Fine, a single facing the gardens. And how long will
to public transporl both to the city centre and the
you be staying with us?
beach.
B
Sheldon International Conveniently located near A OK, I have you confirmed for a single room in the
the train station with free hourly shuttle service rear courtyard for March l6th. Could I please have
to the airport. This comfortable, if somewhat your name and phone number?
sterile, hotel features tidy and economical rooms,
full fax and internet services, and a conference B
hallwhich seats 300. The restaurant is open 24 A Fine. Your room is reserved. and we look forward to
hours, and the hotel also features a cosy tavern vour stavins with us.
and spacious lounge.
We have a shuttle that runs to the airport every two
Johnson Youth Hostel A lively atmosphere and hours. It stops just outside the international terminal.
surprisingly clean rooms make this the best
hostel in town. Choose from two-, three-, or four- B
-bed rooms, or take a cheaper bed in the dorms. A You're welcome. Goodbye.
There's a laundry service available, and a
kitchen if you want to save money by not eating
out. The cafe serves breakfast until noon and $ *or role-play a similar dialogue for one of the hotels
the bar is open all night! A great place! described above.
Accommodation camosite to check in , check out

luxury hotel washing, cooking, shower etc. to sign the guest book
five-star hotel facilities to fill out a registration form
family hotel room and board to call room service
boarding house full board , half board manager
sellcatering holiday f lat self-cateri ng reception clerk
bed and breakfast (B & B) high season " off-season porter
youth hostel no vacancies x f00rTls free / vacancies chambermaid
backpacke rs to be fully booked / be booked out liftboy / bellhop (boy) (US)
chalet (GB) / cabin (US)
motel
'
single double room suite
penrn0use
' doorman / commissionaire
c0ncre rge
. TRAVEL. 101
DRIVING
1 a Look at the following road signs. Compare them to the road signs in your
I Put the following steps to / I Lal
pulling a car out ol a parking space country and say whal they mean. Amerir
in the correct order by numbering
oa@
1
the sentences.
2
I *", into the car
off the hand-brake J

I tat<e
n start the car
n put the car into neutral
T check your rear-view mirror

n
AM@A b
@NA@
put the car into reverse
7
l put the key into the ignition

o
n put in the clutch
l put the car in first (gear)

rt
n reverse as far as possible
.f Here are the names ol the road signs. Match them with the symbols above.
n indicate cyclists only
steep hill
r0undab0ut
roadworks ahead
I put on your seat belt level crossing n0 u-turn
I when there are no cars

coming, let in the clutch,
no overtaking
no left turn
give way
no through road
slippery road
stop
step on the accelerator, and
pull out mole road signs and explain their meanings.
Ioru*some
Driving
to start the engine multiple crash to top up the battery (GB) /
to look in the mirror to have a puncture / have a flat tyre (GB) / fill up (US)
to indicate tire (US) toolkit
to pull away to change the wheel jack
to put in the clutch spare wheel pressure gauge
to change gear to give someone a lilt (GB) / f ootpu mp
to change u0 down a ride (US) breakdown truck
"
to accelerate * decelerate Maintenance and breakdown motoring association (A.A. or R.A.C.)
to put on the brake / brake to service the car to run out ol petrol (GB) / gas (US)
to reverse (GB) i to check and renew when necessary to have a flat battery / the battery
back up (US) (sparking) plugs i spark plugs is dead
to break down in the middle of nowhere
to observe ' break the speed limit (contact breaker) points
to speed to blow a luse
to overtake (GB) / pass (US)
brake pads ' linings
brake failure
brake fluid
to skid condenser engrne serzure
to get into a slide alternator and starter motor brushes to overheat (in heavy traffic)
to have an accident / crash fanbelt and cambelt slipping " broken fanbelt
minor shunt (GB)/ Jpdru ^^.+^ // JpdruJ
^^^.^ pdrtJ ^^^.^^
to change the oil
fondor hondor /l lQ nnll \ tn nhonlz iho trrro nroccrrroc
\uv wwrr"/
THE CAR
I
I y0ur ILabel the car using either lhe British or the
American words as indicated below.
I
6 -.-'
love.
ry 16
_*_*___*_
17
18
-l I
I
II
I
20
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The Car (Motor CarlAutomobile)
t Btitish and Aneilcan tems fil the to hOOt i hOnk One'S hOrn at sb/st piCkup two'four-stroke engine /
I parts of a cat arc different.
the boot / trunk (luxury) saloon two'iour-cycle motor
,,)l|
\\ An obtique (/) indicates
Anerican equivatent, e.g. b,nnet
hood
/ numberplate / license plate sports car d iesel
steering wheel family car disc " drum brakes
IT engine / motor mirror i rear-view mirror hatchback power(-assisted) steeri n g
I bonnet / hood wino mirror / side mirror motor caravan / air-conditioning
here I
bumper /fender geatleuer / stickshift RV (recreational vehicle) / petrol / gas consumption
headlights iour- ' {ive-speed (gear) box motor home miles per gallon (m.p g )
rearlights i taillights automatic transmission lorrv / truck van
qnntlinntq / hprdlinhlq
rpu,"v,',r / "uuu"e"!u speedometer
' Accessories
articulated lorry ( artic') / semi /
l foglights towing ball or towbar towing
rev counter / tachometer limousine hitch
I indinrtnrq
,',u,uqru,J // trrrnJ'e"urr
ru"' cinnrlq benCh bUCket SeatS fOUf_Wheel dfiVe
windshield " caravan
I windscreen / clutch , brake * accelerator / oas frOnt,rear-wheel dlve trailer
(windscreen)wiper peoal
I I
rrtrrrr
a^-^
estate car / station waoon
roof " canoe
" ski rack
. TRAVEL. 103
6
lRead the following description ol a car.
Which one of these four people would it be FOR SALE: 1999 four-speed
I
scene
to,
best suited to? Japanese hatchback in good the ve

condition. New brakes and clutch. one is
a middle-aged businessman
Gets great gas mileage. Body third o
a family of four you
needs a little work. $1200 o.n.o. th1
a farmer
at
a university student 2s
eyewi
.l ttow match the following features to the type of car they are most likely to be found on. police
fold-down back seat Whose
two-seater accide
lour-wheel drive
seats five
five-speed gearbox estrare car en^rl' c rzT
automatic transmission
turbo acceleration truo-rcater 3t''
se nter
spotlights
ski-rack extracl
great gas mileage them t
towing hitch
drivir
tow bar
rU
sunroof
polished wooden steering wheel
diesel
leather upholstery
ch i I dseat
extra-large body
{ f,f o* match each ol the three cars to one of the remaining three people in Exercise 2
and discuss why these are the best cars lor them.
clocke
F
I Wtrat kind of car is most suited to your native country? Discuss the elfects ol weather,
road conditions, the price ol petrol, etc.
The Car
traffic regulations short cut N otices
the Highway Code / Road Code dirt road GIVE WAY (GB)/ YIELD (US) pu
T-1 u ncti on graver r0a0 HALT IVIAJOR ROAD AHEAD
hairpin bend crash barriers ROAD WORKS AHEAD (GB) / ROAD
sharp bend (GB) / sharp curve (US) motorway service area (GB) / c0NSTRUCTT0N (US)
solid truck stop (US)
' broken ' double white line
DIVERSION (GB) / DETOUR (US)
petrol station 0r garage (GB) /
speed limit
inside
" crawler ' middle lane service station
qas station (US)
NO ENTRY
ONE WAY STREET
lR,
I warl
fast / overtaking lane roadside restaurant
NO PARKING I li rst
hard shoulder
/ /
transport cafe
greasy sp00n REDUCE SPEED NOW I lire
motorway (GB)
interstate (US)
/ freeway hiqhway
diner (US) LOOK RIGHT |I 'oq'
cert
tollroad (GB)
main road
/
/ trunk
turnpike (US)
road
mOtel
drive-in (US)
TEIMPORARY ROAD SURFACE
NO ROAD MARKINGS FOR 3 N/ILES
l(r
si deroad lay-by (GB) i reststop (US)
I insL
twisting country lane car park (GB) i parking lot (US) I driv
I ROAD ACCIDENTS
I Look at the picture of the
(q\ J/)
scene of an accident. One ol
the vehicles is a sports car,
one is an estate car and the
third one is a lorry. What do
you think happened?
fl /-\
f. tElt Now listen to an t\
eyewitness' report to the

police. Were you right?
Whose fault do you think the
accident was?
ar I WOKE IJ'P THIS MORNNG N Ttm 1- WITH A TERRIBLE

.l The following parts of
HANGO\tsR AND NO IDEA WHAT I DID LAST NIGHT.
sentences have been
extracted lrom the text. Put Slowly, as I sta(ed to wake up, I began to remember what had happened. Last night
them back.
was my birthday, so I decided to celebrate by going to the bar and getting drunk. I
driving under the influence cou1dn,tfindanywheretoparkatthebar,SoI2-andwentinside.WhenI

running a few red lights 3_
came out three hours later I found a on my windshield. Being a linle
insurance I
bit drunk, tore up and drove away. In front of me was an old car that was driving
it
double-parked very slowly, so I began to 4_ it, hoping it would speed up. It probably
speeding wasn't a good idea, as my car has 5_ and I would not have been able to
defective brakes stopifthecarinfrontofmehadstoppedsuddenIy.Finallythecar6-and
drunk tank let me pass.
ran over Alitt1ebitfurtherdowntheroad'Iaccidentally7-ahitchhikerwhowas

driving licence 8_.
trying to I hope he's all right.
parking ticket
clocked me with a radar gun
Afterdrivingalongforanotherha]fhourand9-,Iwas10-.
had been drinking
TheyaskedtoSeemyl1-andproofof|2-.Iaskedthemwhy
I
they had stopped me, and they told me that I had been driving at 90 mph. When
tailgate
askedthemhowtheyknew,theysaidthattheyhad13-.Theyttrenasked
breathalyser
me if I 14-. I told them to mind their own business, which made them
-1
a
reckless driving
I pulled over
littleangry.Finallytheytookmedowntothestationandgavemea15-
I
test, which showed that I was well over the legal alcohol limit for driving. I was
IT thumb a lift
I pulled over by the police
arested for 16_117_ of alcohol, and 18_, and
I thrown in this room.
I
]AD II I don't think I'll be drinking and driving any time soon. It's not that I've leamed my
;)l Iesson. It's just that they don't have anv cars in iail.
I
I
I
I
Road Accidents breatnalyser
I warning triangle road tax (GB) to be pulled over by the police
I
I first-aid kit bald tyres 0 -car (unmarked police patrol;
I fire extinguisher de[ective brakes, steering, etc. radar speed check
I
I spare bulb set double-parki ng learner (L) plates
I certificate o{ roadworthiness speeding reckless / dangerous driving
I (M0T) driving under the influence of alcohol to Jump / run the lights / go through a
ILES I i ns u rance driving while intoxicated - DWI (US) red light
I
drivirg licence / dr ver's license traffic police to tailgate (US) / follow very closely
. TRAVEL. 105
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
I a
I Read the following passage }.,oo CJ;b,0, llm
travel
about traflic in big cities. Could
this letter be talking about the J;l,n ,nony pnop/n, -! /rr" i," tk oulr^rh onJ l.,o,n to brothe
city you live in? nrnry Joy h ,oorl, in tl- centrn. J okrt *orl, of B:00 Gar an
but y
driveway o*, lut ,ry Lr ort,,ol/y io,tr *r"L noolin, tl*o t/a. ]t o,ou,J 6'00, -9 p,rfl inlornr
parking places oil of *y z- h frr" tl* l-,,o, of , how yr
b"ffr. JL ,* t l-r, ir rpent tl*rrL *r1", f o-

"ro*ling Stude
bumper-to-bumper traff ic
f//"J *;tl, J/,lk L*/y ,ULt" f o op,;,g nnrning io t/*
"ity-
t*o J,iun,r argwinx
You'rr
onry v
0ne-way
ottl*dnofos flLJ *itl,
, a con^rtr*ctio" o;t" beforr
road workers else
6 *l- gnt poil tax monzy to ut o,o*J Jriolrir,
-ff"", tk ir
c0mmute tli"l, lr.- .f t /*ngo. Stude

"l-Lirg -,tr
You rr
exit 3i,*l/y -l un *,7 e_ , ",J *9 lno,n tl- *r*L,kl *r,U ano a
rush-h0ur of tl* f,"",'^y. B*t t/* f^,', ,-t o,n, ydl W"* -l ga u op",J tL ,*,t 1,o,, partne
convir
fender-bender orornl tl* c of /o*nh*n ttrno.tt, o
"ro*lirg ôrn
,igk*o* of rc- tt
ttrnnh onJ I
"no left turn"
oig^, fgl,.ti,g *itl, L,nnJrnJ, l"lh* comntnter4 orn, tl* hn o, t*olrn ouoilolr/n
congested "l
t2 JLa l"*$ ,ifuo/ a ,npnotnl t,ui.n , Ly, fi"" Jotr "
exhaust fumes
*nnlr, o// ,trno, lorg.
S*rnly t/,ern **tt ln o l,nttn, *oy. Pnrlopr if *n...

rl
lWhat can be done about tralfic? Take a look at these suggeslions, and lhen write down some advantages and
disadvantages for each suggestion. Make sure to mention how you will pay for them.
Build more roads and freeways Build more parking lots lmprove public transport
Make more car-pool lanes Make more one-way streets and Give petrol and fare discounts
Make the centre a pedestrian zone synchronised tratfic lights to people who use car-pools
Public Transport ^^,;^^h crossrng

pelrcan ^.^ rusfr hour
local ,
intercity buses
" coaches Belisha beacon traffic jam / stuck in traffic
the tube / underground (GB)/ lollipop lady / man gridlock / complete standstill
(US)
subway (US)
automatic turnstile
ticket machine
Mlnd the gap
bus stop
pavement (GB) / sidewalk
kerb (GB)
guIIer
/ curb (US)
road (GB) / pavement (US)

subway (GB) / underpass (US)
exhaust fumes / pollution / smog
accident / pileup (GB) /
car wreck (US)
to be knocked down by a car
to be hit by a car
/
n
articulated / "bendy' bus cloverleaf junction passers-Dy
fare stage
requesr srop
/ zone roundabout
spaghetti junction
to overtake (GB) / pass (US)
to have one's car towed away
lin
fares fork towaway area I nne
flat rate
per kilometre / mile
discount fares
T-1 unction
urban clearway
underpass . overpass /
junction / crossroads (GB)
llyover
traffic warden (GB)
parking meter
parking tickel
l.;
student card / pass / wheel clamp (GB)/ boot (US)
season ticket
traffic lights (red amber,
to laywalk
green)
intersection (US)
pedestrian precincl
sleeping policeman (GB) /
stiffer penalties for traffic offences
signal malfunction
contrafl ow
Itr
pedestrian / zebra crossing speed bump (US) oncoming tralfic
l',,,
TRAVELLING BY TRAIN
I a t
I lmagine that you and a friend have been planning to I I
I
travel around Spain and France this summer in your THE NEW MULTI-RAIL PASS I
brother's car. Now your brother says that he needs the r Thinking of travelling around Europe this
I
t I
1:00 car and you can't take it. You don't have a lot of money, I summer? Well, if you are, then the only way to T
but you want to make the trip anyway. Read the I !
p"ll information leaflet about the Multi-Rail Pass and discuss I go is on the new Multi-Rail Pass. This pass I
t I
how you could do it. T allows you to travel for free on all major train I
t services in Europe, giving you the freedom to t

a I
Student A I explore what you really want to see. t
You're really worried about money, so you think the I
raulna T
only way to do it is to hitchhike. You've done it t CHOOSE YOUR OWN PATH I
before, although on much shorler trips. Anything I I
I Our unique zone system allows you to pay for x
else is just going to be too expensive.
n, tl* just the countries you are going to visit, and not I
I I
I the whole of Europe. After all, why pay for a
Student B I !
You really don't want to hitchhike. lt's inconvenient I fare to Moscow if you're not planning on going :
l*o,lJ there anyway. Choose from a one-, two- or three- !
and also really dangerous. You think you and your I I
partner should buy Multi-Rail Passes instead. Try to I zone pass, or go for the Europe-wide Pass. I
I
convince vour friend. t Whichever way you choose, it's a bargain. a
I I
I I
a SAVE ON MORE THAN JUST TRAVEL I
t I
ll, I With your Multi-Rail Pass you'll also receive,
t a
ry5 a I free of charge, the new Euro-Youth Card. This t
I I
t card offers discounts on everything from food to T
: accommodation to museums and cultural
t I
I events all over Europe. T
I I
es and I T
T
I :
BUY THE NEW MULTI-RAIL PASS I
a I
I I
)unts AND EXPERIENCE EUROPE LIKE I
T
-pools
t t
I NEVER BEFORB I
-t I
T
I
t
I
I rlttlrttttrlr:lrlrrrrrlltlll
I
I
I
I
I
I
T
Travelling by Train guard's van (GB) / caboose (US) ticket inspector / conduclor
I main railway staiion passenger train luggage van railway police
ice goods train (GB) / mail van
!
I left-luggage department /
off communication cord /
lost property ol{ice / lost and found freight train (US) carriage / wagon
I
I
I emergency cord (US)
II
I ticket office / booking office ticket barrier sleeping carriage / wagon-lit diesel engine
I (automatic) tlcket machine turnstile upper " lower bunk steam train / engine
T
l single (GB) / one-way plat{orm buffet car i carriage I electric engine

I ticket (US) announcement dining car D0 NOT LEAN OUT 0F THE
I return (GB) / roundlrip newspaper kiosk i stand seat facing the engine WINDOW
I
ticket (US) coffee bar to sit wiih one's back to the
'l
!I EMERGENCY USE ONLY
to miss one's connection vending machine engine
I
I PENATTY FOR IN,IPR0PER

trans-Europe express (T.E.E ) station master to sit facing backwards i {orwards USE 50 P0UNDS
stopping train porter corner seat N0 ENTRY
commuter service engine driver compartment N0 EXIT
I sleeper guard aisle ' corrldor
. TRAVEL . 107
ON TWO WHEELS OR ON FOOT Here i
to for
I at
I List the advantages and disadvantages of travelling .f lmagine that you have a summer job as a guide in
on two wheels and on loot by completing the following. a national park. Using some 0f the language from the
preceding exercise, plepare a talk t0 the visilors, giving
When travelling on two wheels / on foot
them instructions how they should behaue.
you can...
you must...
you needn't...
you may...
you won't have to...
you shouldn't...
you are sure to...
you mustn't...
you are not allowed to...
ft
f Some lines in the following text are without a mistake, { ln groups 0f lour plan a ftip to the mountains. One of
others conlain one word which should not be there. Find you is quite experienced and should tell the other three
the mistakes. what t0 take with them. You should also consider the
I More people have come to appreciate it that most appr0priate means 0f transp0rt and the most
2 travelling by rail is the easy way to make the suitable accommodalion. The "leader" of the group then
goes t0 another group and the members tell the "new
3 most of their holiday. By travelling by fast,
4 comfortable and frequent trains, combining leader" about their plans. Finally, everybody jots down
5 rail travel with walking there and cycling is the essential inlormation about the planned trip.
6 a convenient way to have explore an area.
7 This specially produced leaflet introduces
8 a choice of scenic walks and cycle and routes.
9 The map inside shows the railway network and
l0 the stations from which walks can be made.
l1 When you are all visiting the countryside please
12 observe the Country Code: Protect the wildlife,
13 plants and trees. Help to keep all water clean.
14 Take your litter to home. Guard against risk
l5 of fire. Don't make no unnecessary noise.
On Two Wheels or on Foot

motorcycle to go camping
pushbike (GB) / bicycle to make , break camp
saddle / seat to pitch a tent
handlebars inner tent , flysheet
chain tentpegs
pedals mallet
spokes guy ropes
mudguards poles
' ridge pole
tandem igloo tent
pillion / passenger seat carry mat
panniers groundsheet
" built-in groundsheet
to ride on the crossbar pup tent
to sit side-saddle two-person tent
crash helmet sleeping bag
to walk (in the hills etc ) pressure x gas stove
to trek / hike / backpack (in a wilderness area) to cook over a campfire
to hitchhike to sleep under the stars
to thumb a lift

Here are some interesting facts connected with travel. One word has been removed from each sentence
to form the crossword.
ride in
tm the
giving
1, The world'$ largest--- is the Boeing 747

4. When petrol-powered _ first replaced those
drawn by horses, they were cailed horseless
carriages.
6. The Japanese _ employs uniformed officials
with white gloves whose job is to push
passengers into crowded trains.
7 . One of the factors that brought the United
States into the First World War was the
sinking of the British _ Lusitania which was
One of carrying Americans.
r three
ler the
B. _ operates
The largest car and passenger
between Stockholm and Helsinki.
r most
rp then
10, canoeing, speed racing takes place
In _ on
water,
| "new
12. The fastest _ boats are catamarans.
; down
13, _ loses grip on wet road and
lf a its a rides
on a film of water, it is called aquaplaning.
15, The colour of all Model T Fords tntas _.
16 slalom racing canoeing takes place on _
water.
17. In London it is the undei'oround, in New York it
2. The Rocket steam _ was designed by George

Stephenson in 1829.
3, The engineering project opened in December
1993, shared between Britain and France, is
sometimes called the _.
Murder on the Orient _, the 1974 film
staning Albert Finney, was base on Agatha
Christie's novel.
U, The first solo transatlantic
nL^J^^ | l^tL^,^
_ was made by
uildiluJ Lil ruutrtv.
9, In 1947, Nonrvegian anthropologist Thor
Heyerdahl crossed the Pacific on the _
Kon-Tiki
11. The firsttransatlantic crossing by hot-air _
was achieved by Branson and Lindstrand in
1 987.
t4" The world's steepest'rack'_ is in
Switzedand.
. TRAVEL. 109
TRAVEL
I
I The following expressions are lypical of dilferent situations when travelling. Choose trom the following categories: |',,
a- air travel, b -train travel, c - car travel, d - hiking. categr
1 Aisle or window seat? 9 You missed your exit. 1
2 Please have your ticket ready for the conductor. 10 When does the train get in? 2
3 Can I see your licence? 11 ls there a layover? 3
4 What stop are we at? 12 Have a safe trip.
5 How much hand luggage is permitted? 13 When does the next train leave? 4
6 Can you tell me where to get off? 14 Does this train go to the centre? 5
7 lt's a stone's throw away. 15 We will begin boarding soon. 6
8 For your safety, don't lean on the doors. 7
TT 8
| |
The lollowing expressions connected with lransport can be used metaphorically.
Choose which sentence they fit in.
TI Th
ENGINEER WHEEL VEHICLE GEAR BRAKE

16 An advertisement is not simply a _ for its 19 There is no use trying to fight inllation through
message. high interest rates which are designed to put a 16
on economic orowth.
17 They grease the _ of the consumer boom by
allowing us to buy what we want, when we want 20 We go skiing in the mountains each winter, 17
Things get into high _ there in November.
18 She had _ that business trip partly to escape 18
from the situation at home.
|| | *p,r'n the meaning of the underlined parts of these sentences. lll'

21 We never even exchanged addresses. lt's like that 26 When I came back, my car was gone. I had 21
sometimes, when you travel a lot - ships that pass locked it and it couldn't have vanished into thin
in the night. air! 22
22 When in doubt, I follow the crowd. At least I don't 27 Get organised and stop running round in circles.
stand out like a fool. 28 Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. 23
23 He was getting on my nerves, so I told him to take 29 She likes to fly in the face of standard 24
a hike. proceoures.
24 Bad news travels fast. 30 What are you driving at?
25
25 Sometimes it is danoerous to hitch / thumb a ride
with a stranger. 26
l\f root at this crossword and youl partnel IV,

will
will look following page. lo
at the crossword 0n the
page.
You have got the 'acrosses'lilled in and your
pailner has got the 'downs'. Ask each other for your p
clues. other I
Examp
Example:
Can you tell me a clue for number 5? Can y
What's a clue for number 5? What'
Could you explain number 5? Could
Give me an explanation for number 5, please.
Give
pleas(
Can you say it again?
Can you repeat what you've just said? Can y
Could you explain it in a different way? Can y
Could

TRAVEL - AND MORE PRACTICE...
T
10fl8s: I The following expressions are typical ol diflerent situations when travelling. Choose lrom the following
categories: a-airtravel, b-travel by bus, c-going bytrain, d-travel by road, e-hiking
1 lt's making a funny noise under the bonnet. 9 How much is the fare?
2 How far away is it? 10 You missed the turn.
3 Move to the rear, please. There's plenty of room in 11 Would anyone be interested in giving up their seat
the back. in exchange for a free ticket?
4 You should try going stand-by. 12 Will a meal be served?
5 Which line goes to the Museum? 13 My battery is dead.
6 Can I reserve a seat in advance? 14 When you get to the lake, go north.
7 You've got a long way to go. 15 ls there a dining car?
8 ls this seat taken?
ll tnr following expressions connected with transport can be used metaphorically. Choose which sentence they fit in.
ENGINE CHAIN PUMP TOP GEAR STEER

ugn
)uI a 16 Trying to avoid any encounter, we clear of 19 It makes economic sense to upgrade the existing
each other for a couole of davs. rail systems rather than _ money into roads.
r. 17 - into
From that moment on his career went 20 The student uprising began the _ of events
rber. that led to the fall of the oovernment.
18 Small businesses are also an of iob-
creation.
|| | rrprrin the meaning of the underlined parts ol these sentences.
r0 21 He is driving me mad. ship, but I can't stand it around here any more.
r thin
22 | am so busy that I don't know if l'm coming or Learning that one has been totally wrong aboul
gorng. something can really take the wind out of one's
)rrctes.
sails.
23 Just lqll_ot L yeur nasc.
28 It is better to travel hopefully than_Lo__arlve.
24 She's on the way to becoming a very good teacher.
29 Travel broadens the mind.
25 They won't get it figured out - they are on the
wrong track. 30 On the last day of school, all the children were
waLkjng on air.
I 26 | hate to be the one to desert / leave the sinkino
tlt
I lf Look at this crossword and your partner
will look at the crossword 0n the preceding
page. You have got the 'downs' filled in and
your partner has got the 'acrosses'. Ask each
other for clues.
Example:
Can you tell me a clue for number 2?
What's a clue for number 2?
Could you explain number 2?
Give me an explanation for number 2,
please.
Can you say it again?
Can you repeat what you've just said?
Could you explain it in a different way?
. TRAVEL. 111
FARMING 1*'
in your
in coo
1'l
I t,no rhe tollowing in the picture. I
larm.
Using the lollowing expressions speak about everyday lile on a
farmhouse pasture People on the farm Things to do

farmyard fence farmer to plough to gtaze
barn orchard landowner to sow to feed
silo vegetable garden landlord to reap to slaughter
foreman to mow to muck out / clean up
pig sty / pig pen tractor
tractor-driver to make hay to lay eggs
stable - horses harrow
farm-labourer / farm hand to rake to collect eggs
loose box estate car (GB) / cowboy / cowhand to stack to shear sheep
paddock station wagon (US) casual labour to store
henhouse - hens lorry / truck veterinary surgeon / vet 2^,
field ladder shearer a w01t
shepherd rtc
Itc
r*.ih,frfr ul
ni
I fir
gl
la
a(
I lla
lir
----
-'/ I ttr
al
Ith
pl
rto
"''ia]-pi ' , rtr-
I 1,1
\.Qr
Isr
-'
'rl
F--<5<
I
\\
-'-a\\ lal
€=:"
Farming
soi I hop garden allotment haymaki ng Some staple rye oil-seed rape
earth vineyard kitchen garden haystack cr0ps maize / corn root crops
arable land Vine x grapes market garden grain elevator wheat hops potalo
meadow wine cellar standing crops srl0 0arey cattle feed rurnrp
cornfield plotof land stu bble oats sugar-beet

I MODERN DEVELOPMENTS
I What kinds of Grops are grown
I||I]I THT TARTII A]III ]ARIIIIRS' PARIY A]III
in your country? How are they used
in cooking?
$0PlEnDu$rr$s
t0na nOil RUrilrE Oun G0umnr$rrfE
Over the last fifty years, British farming has become increasingly
industrialised, run by a small group of powerful corporations and relying
on machines and chemicals more than farmers and nature. Our environment
and our health are paying the price for agribusiness profits. It's time to
put a stop to the destruction of our countryside.
ran up 1. The use of chemicals in farming. Too many farms recklessly use
dangerous pesticides and fertilisers on their fields. These chemicals often
seep down into the groundwater and contaminate nearby rivers and lakes as
well as the supply of drinking water. Nitrates fiom fertilisers are especially
destructive, as they cause rapid growth in algae which chokes all other
plant and animal life in contaminated streams. We demand a retum to the
a word that means: natural system of farming, goverxment subsidies to organic farmers, a ban
on the most dangerous chemicals such as DDT and phosphate fertilisers,
I to leak down slowly and strict penalties for farmers who dama_9e the environment.
I 2. The removal of hedgerows. Hedgerows are a vital part of our
to make something
ecosystem. They prevent erosion by holding the topsoil down
unhealthy by introducing
with their roots and protectins fields from the wind. and thev
- harmful substances into it
provide shelter for the plants, insects and animals which make up
\\1
I I financial support from our ecosystem. We demand that industrial farms be stopped from
governments removing their hedgerows to make bigger fields.
3. Destruction of wetlands and forests. In their quest for ever
I a law that makes a thing or larger fields, industrial f'arms have been draining wetlands and
action illegal slashing down forests at an alarming rate. Almost 907a of Britain's
wetlands have now been drained for use as farmland. This
I large shrubs and bushes that
recklessness hurts not only us, but other countries as well, as it
line fields throughout Britain deprives migrating birds of their natural resting and feeding grounds.
I the removal of soil by wind We demand that the govemment move to protect
and water these sensitive areas.
But these points are just the beginning. What
I tfre top layer of earth rich in is needed is a complete change in the way we
proteins and nutrients view nature and the world around us. We
can no lonser afford to take the earth for
I to remove the water from granted and expect it to keep providing
us with healthy food and water no matter
I something that can be
how badly we mistreat it. Join us in
continued for a long time
our fight to make sustainable farming
I all over Britain the rule throughout Britainl
Modern Developments government subsidies health foods

mechanised farming overproduction cruelty in farming
factory farming food mountains battery house
monocu ltu re wine lakes battery farming f ree range
"
collective farming famine pel lets
market gardening shortage complete automation

ecological balance
I
land reform normones
common agricultural policy (between chemical fertilisers steroids
nations) pesti ci des artilicial colours
General Agreement on Tariffs and runofl flavouri ngs
Trade (GATT) leachi ng pests
Common Market (European Union) organic farming paras rles
. FARMING. 113
ANIMALS ON AND AROUND THE FARM
1r
I Itg
I Look at the pictures and tty to name with tl
all the animals, using the vocabulary that sr
Irom the box. than o
rl tol
f First work on your own and Y;-T..l
the \fuI- tol
fill in as many words in to(
table as you can remember.
Then work in small groups. By
to(
asking queslions try to find out tol
the missing words: tol
Example: tor
What do you call male cattle? tor
What's the English for...?
What's a baby horse called?
Which product is typical of poultry? LTh
make.
N"\ and
|
z------.\\
| \'r\ help.
a
ctl\
\*<_t-H
1Fq- $'t
anima
Some
one sl
c'o4v'
u,o'tfui
U*"1. 4*o
(tacat^ old N
t&rl, EiE
And r
EIE
wirh
And t
Here
every
Animals on and Around the Farm
cow bull ' calf, pl calves pig / hog (uS) 00nKey
" old x
hei{er , bullock (GB) / steer (US) / ox p/ oxen s6!y*[s31*piglet fe rret
she-cat " tomcat, kitten mare StalliOn' gelding' foal p geon
EIE
" i
rabbit (in a hutch, for eating, a pet 0r a wild pest) bitch / {emale dog (US) ' dog ' puppy fox: vixen'dogJox
goose p/. geese x gander gosling And
" sheep: ewe ' ram
' laffib pheasant <
duck'drake'duckling she-/ nanny-goat " he-/ billy-goat ' kid partridge EIE
hen ' cockerel (GB) / rooster (US) " chicken watchdog Dunal0 etc.
THE SOUNDS OF A FARM
I
I tg3l Match the lollowing verbs
with the animals in the table. Note
lhat some animals can have more {'/.'r/rrr, {r-NL, dog {ooU,UnU.
than one verb.
cat
to bleat to neigh
to bray to purr horse
to cluck to quack
to crow to squeal cow
to grunt to yap pig
to hee-haw to whine
to miaow to whinny hens
to moo
rooster
'r
/Think of the sounds the animals ducks
make. Fill in the right-hand column
and ask your leacher if you need donkey
help.
sheep
goat
at blackbird buzzes
.f wtatcn the lollowing names of cricket chirps
animals with the sounds they make.
2
bee croaks
Some ol them may make more than
one sound. frog hisses
mouse hoots
owl T hums
snake sings
hawk squawks
{ Now sing the song!
fly squeaks
Old McDonald had a farm spa1Tow twitters
ffitu
EIEIO
And on this farm he had a dog
EIEIO
With a bark! bark! here
And a bark! bark! there
Here a bark!, there a bark!,
everywhere a bark! bark!
,-A
Old McDonald had a farm
EIEIO
fr.f
And on this farm he had a cat
EIEIO
etc.
*Y#K
. FARMING. 115
FARMING PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I ltl I Firl
I Fill in the gaps, using one answer - 0,- b, - c 0r - d. II I Fill in the right forms of verbs.
1_
1 Horses were among the last species of _ to
The two most significant changes in the pattern of
be domesticated. ;
a cattle
agricultural development since the end of World War ll have
o
b pellets c
c sluds
14_(adopt) d
d livestock been the degree to which specialization
2Mr
2 A mature male horse is called a or, if and the increased scale of farm enterprises. Large numbers al
used for breeding, a stud; mature females are of

mares. A castrated is called a gelding. of beef cattle 15_______ (raise) in enclosures and mi
a champion
-,
be
o pony 16_ (to feed) carefully 17- (balance) rations
c stallion b
d oaddock by automatic equipment. Pigs by the thousands and poultry c

d
3 Young horses (foals) may be known as by the tens of thousands are housed in special buildings 30f
(males) and fillies (females). im
a colts with 18_(control) environments and 19 I.
b puppies
m€
c carves (feed) automatically with complex rations. Dairy herds of ryt
d dray horses
lar
4 To enclose land was to put a ______ or fence
up to 1,000 cows are machine-milked in 20_ (milk) a
b
around a portion of this open land and thus prevent parlours, and the cows are then individually 21
the exercise of common grazing and other rights .l
over it. (identify) and fed appropriate rations by complex electronic
a hedge 4_
b cooo equipment. The milk 22_ (pass) directly from the ca
c manor ber
d sty cow into refrigerated bulk milk tanks and is ready for cal
5 They followed the coastline southward until they

immediate shipment.
reached a heavily wooded region, perhaps some part b
of the Gulf of St. Lawrence shore, and settled there
to engage in _,
llt
hunting, and fishing. IU In the following metaphors, names ol domestic and d
a muckspreading larm animals are used; s0metimes they change into 5As
b top-dressing
adiectives or verbs. Some of them are olfensive. Decide
c haymaking
sh(
d scattering which belongs where.

b
DOG CAT HOUND BITCH
IT BULL PIG SWINE SHEEP d
|| Supply the right words according to the definitions. 23 He gave them a _ish grin and admitted it had all
been a bad ioke. ll r'
the science or art of cultivating the They were constantly _ed by photographers; they 6_
soil, growing and harvesting crops, never had a moment to themselves. alc
and raising livestock. 7

You could hardly call him a male chauvinist _ , given
SM
7 mate of a cockerel/rooster all the faith he expresses in women and their abilities. in tl
8 young goal Everybody knew that those foreign exchange fat 8_

9 an establishment for the sale or s were making a fortune at the expense of 9_
others. (showing disapproval) oer
distribution chiefly of milk and milk vvt
products I know he has to make a living but there's no point in 10_

the
10 two plants used for making beer having a
Incl
11 a planting of grapevines 28 Life's a_ and then you die. (song) par
12 a white root crop grown for sugar 29 It was a --eat--attitude.

of a job - it took us hours longer than 11_
als
13 to cut the hair from sheep we exoected.
12
In a _ market many people buy shares and values
go up. 13

FARMING - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I TTT
I Fill in the gaps, using one answer - ?, - b, - c 0r -d. II I Fill in the gaps with suitable words.
1 _ are named according to their purpose, as hog In organic farming, weeds are controlled by intensive
:ern of
dairy _, tobacco and tractor
a stocks cultivation of the soil by specialized machinery; by
0 oarns
ll have c oaters mulching, where bulky organic material such as hay,
adopt)
o cages 14 s_, wood chips, or leaf mold is layered deeply
2 Most of the _ grown in the world is used for
rmbers animal feed, but a special pure _ is the source between 15 p_ rows and in pathways (mulching
of malt for beer production. lt is also used in the
s ano manulacture of vinegar, malt extract, some milk-type also moderates 16 s_ temperatures and greatly
beverages, and certain breakfast foods.
reduces the need for irrigation). In place of chemical
rations a badey
b oats 17 I_, organic farming uses massive amounts of
poultry c hoos
d corn organic matter to provide nutrients for 18 c_ -
rildings 3 Of the thousands of varieties of _ known, the most
much as a forest "feeds" itself with dead trees, fallen 19
important are Triticum aestivum, used to make bread;
T. durum, used in making pasta such as spaghetti and l_, and the remains of animals and 20 i_.
macaroni; and T. compactum, or club _, a softer
;rds of type, used for cakes, crackers, cookies, pastries, and Manure from animals is also used, as are fish wastes,
family flours.
(milk) a Suual seaweed, and 21 c_, a rich, humuslike material
b ice-
c wheat created when 22 o_______ material is deliberately
d maize allowed to decompose.
ctronic
4 _are relatively easy to raise in confinement and
can be slaughtered with a minimum of equipment
)m the
because of their size and the many ways in which their
llt
carcasses can be processed into food and fat. They I U ln the following melaph0rs, names 0l d0meslic
rdy for and larm animals are used; s0metimes they change into
are also quite efficient in converting feed to food.
a sheep adiectives 0r verbs (some of them are ollensive). Decide
b bulls which belongs where.
c pigs WATCHDOG DOG HORSE
lic and d fowl
HOG SHEEP PIG
te int0 5 As early as 1936, more than 6,000,000 and _ TURKEY SWINE CHICKEN
Decide sheep were artificially inseminated in the Soviet Union.
a bullocks 23 Don't _ around, please; this is a serious
b livestock issue.
c cattle
d buzzards 24 No decent people turned up at the meeting, just
a bunch of racist .bhowinq
ad all tt disapproval)
I I Supply the right words according to the definitions.
25 Although I trained for weeks for my first
s; they 6 _: an implement used for mowing and composed of
parachute jump, | _ed out at the last
a long cuMng blade fastened at an angle to a long handle
moment. I was just too scared to do it.
7 _: birds with a stout body, rather short legs, and
26
, given
smooth and compact plumage; they exist in domestication and Alien 3 was a complete _; what a
ies. in the feral state in cities and towns throughout most of the world disaster of a film!
8_: domesticated birds kept for eggs or meat 27 Look at them! Everyone waiting for someone
,f 9_: an implement used to cut, lift, and tum over soil else to be the first to move. Stupid _!
especially in preparing a seedbed 28 Since the financial scandals in the government,
.tn
10_: an acute virus disease usually transmitted through a _ committee has been set up to keep
the bite of an infected animal and typically characterized by an eye on party contributions.
increased salivation, abnormal behaviour, and eventual
paralysis and death 29 "...and there's me with stomach trouble and the
bus breaks down. The whole holidav was
'than 11_: a planting of fruit trees, nut trees, or sugar maples;
ed by bad luck."
also: the trees of such a planting
12-: soft moist farmyard manure
30 Hey! Don't all the ice-cream! Leave
I values
13_: a young cow; especially one that has not had a calf
some for me!
. FARMING. 117
CLIMATE 4*
TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER

N. B. Weather talk is paft of the British "Hello" - a simple "nice", "lovely" or "terrible, isn't it"
is enough to satisfy most needs in non-technical company. People who fly, climb, ski, fish or
do watersporis are, however, more serious about it.
I
I What do the lollowing symbols on
a weather map mean?
6
/ In small gr0ups, look at the weathel map
\A I
-,Y; lt-W-
of Europe and write the weather forecast fot
tomorrow.
Here is an example:
r___/\ ililfuh"
wu/u///0 ilillhh
ry/{w
Wt
Practir
@@7
larges
Here's the weather forecast for tomorrow.
It'll be hot and sultry throughout most of of the
southern Europe, with temperatures from
the low to mid-thirties. lt'll be parlly cloudy
in Spain, with some scattered showers in
W In gror
of thes
you ex
the north. Partly cloudy also in most of Then p
France and Great Britain, with temperatures map a

going down to the low twenties and even
as low as 17 degrees in Scotland. Germany
and central Europe will experience
scattered showers and temperatures in the
high twenties, so it should be pretty humid
out there. ln the north of Europe, we're
expecting steady rain as well as scattered
thunderstorms, with temperatures in the
high tens. And that's the weather for
tomorrow. Thanks for tuning in, and have
a nice day.
at
.f Practise saying the weather forecast
using the map on the right.
Talking about the Weather

Weather forecast Personal reactions trop i cal Starting a conversation
temperatures Irom...to beautif ul / lovely / nice temperate Nice / Horrible weather we're
reaching / ghastly / lousy / horrible oceanic having.
going down
around
' up to cold / freezing conti nental Bad weather, isn't it?
hot/boiling/scorcher insular / island Lousy weather, huh?
in the high " low,..s What a downpourl
low lying " hilly areas General description molst ' humid
Lovely weather for ducks.
nrnlnnnpd qr rnchinp fair dry / arid
extreme Hot / Cold enough for you? (ironic) Atlan
bright and sunny
scattered showers
steady rain
' wrndy (in )h os p itab le It's not the heat, it's the humidity Bostc
cloudy / overcast settled Chicr
thunderstorms
light to moderate winds ra iny changeable Dalla
mistY,foggY'smogOY un pred i ctable Denv

{ Match the following sentences to the appropriate reactions and finish them.
"What's it like out?" " lt's not the heat, it's the...
?r
"l think it's going to clear up / turn out fine." " Yes, it's going...
"Yesterday was a scorcher." "lt was over 30 ...
"We're in for rain (a storm)." "Yes, indeed, nice weather
we're...
"There's not a cloud in the sky." "lt's bright and ...
"Lovely day, isn't it?" "The sun is ...

"A bit hot and sticky for me." "lt's raining, windy ...
"Looks like rain " "Horrible weather we're ...
F Example:
! Weather map activity.
Practise your US geography. Below are 20 of the US This is the weather forecast for the South...
largest cities. Dots are lound on the map locating each
It will...
of the cities. See how many cities y0u can identify.
In groups, talk about what the weather is like in some The weather will...
of these cities throughout the year. In which region would
A cyclone will move from ... towards ... and along
you expect snow in winter?
the way it will push warm air in our direction.
Then put the symbols from the preceding page onto the
map and tell someone the weather forecast. Night lows will be between ... and ...
!t ig5
to {66
rs iit
to
{6s
t\ Lss
aolso
t [41
-j 12!
platt
Atlanta Detroit New Orleans San Francisco

Boston Houston New York Seattle
Chicago Kansas City Philadelphia St. Louis
Dallas Los Angeles Phoenix Tampa
Denver Miami Salt Lake City Washington, D.C.
. CLIMATE. 119
RAINY WEATHER
I at
Have
I Many cultures have traditional and sometimes f Rainy weather Gan often make people sad 0r
w0rds
superstitious ways of telling if it is going t0 start raining refleclive, and they use the weather to describe how
them.
soon. Look at the list below and say whether these are they feel. Look at the following expressions and match
Exam
used in your country. How accurate are they? Gan you them to their meanings below, then use them in a short
add any others to the list? dialogue or story. Cold
I like
Ants move to higher ground. I I'm 1'eeling a bit under the weather today. Peop
A halo or circle can be seen around the moon. 2 I'll have to take a rain check on dinner tonight.
Frogs start croaking. 3 I've been saving this for a rainy day.
People with "trick knees" start to f'eel a stiffness in 4 Il never rains. but il. pours.
their joints.
Cows lie down.
5 I'll do it, come rain or shine.
Swallows fly low...
6 Nice / Lovely weather for ducks.
e$s 7 Everything will be as right as rain again.

a
b
Bad things don't happen a few at a time.
Sick or not well.
Reschedule for a better time.
d Reserve something for some future need.
I can't do it now, I'll certainly do it later,
regardless of the situation.
f Very wet.
o
b As it should be.
tl
/Put the following ways 0f talking about rain in order, { Use the idioms lrom exercise 3 in the following
Irom lightest rain to heaviest. Translate them into your own sentences.
language.
a lf any of the kids felt a linle _, they
tr It's pouring (with rain). were given a medical examination at bed time.
b Thanks for the invitation. but I'll have to
tr lt's drizzling. on it.
Now that you've won the money, don't spend
tr It's only a few drops.
everything at once.
tr Looks like there'll be steady First I had my wallet stolen, then I lost my c
rain through most of the week. passport - ! ch
D It's misty out.

e I'll give you an injection and you'll be frc
gr(
in a few minutes.
tr There are some scattered showers predicted for f My grandfather gets up at five o'clock in the ho
ici
today. morning,
bli
al
Rainy Weather hai I
SN
SN
rar n0 r0p squal I
dlzzle steady rain bli

it's raining hard / heavily rainbow 3i
it's pouring (with-GB) rain mist'fog"haze"smog 17
(rain)storm nrn
vuy
in lho
r,,w nlnrrdc
w,vuvu fre
",
thunderstorm showers and sunny intervals SU
(clap of) thunder April showers to

(flash of) llghtning to be / get soaked to the skin SN
forked lightning to be / get wringing / sopping wet / saturated SN
sheet lightning wet through SN
COLD WEATHER
Have a look al the following word map and try to add more
sad 0r
re how
words t0 it. In pairs compare your charts and talk about
them. Try to use some ol the vocabulary from the box below.
match
Example:
a short
Cold weather can be quite dangerous because...
ay.
I like cold weather because I can go -ing. .
People should / shouldn't...
rnight.
skofing
stedging
cleoring the snow
skiing outfit
cornrnon cold
ACTI VIfI E5
pneurQonlo
CLOf HE5
I LLNEsS E5
)d.
t later.
T c-odt
edters
COLD WEAfHER
ice st rrm
lowing
WEAfHER
therr DANGERS
d time. chitty rnornings
ave to
btoik ice stippery roods
: spend
ost my Cold Weather

chilly powdery snow
r'll be frosty pacKe0 snow
ground frost crisp snow
hoar frost sleet
. in the
ic ic le melting / thawing
black ice meltwater (in swollen rivers)
a flurry of snow spring melt / thaw
snowflake SI USN
snowstorm rivers in spate (GB)

blizzard flash flooding (US)
3 inches of snow in 24 hours - ^^t,.t
d uuru ^^^^
/. uuru Jptrrl
Ji rdiJ / d ^^t,t ^^^tl
1 7 donrooc holnur zorn burst pipes
freezing point (0'C / 32'f) to shiver
q rhzorn fomnorrtr rroc
chattering teeih
tn c:lt rnd nrit thp rnrdc frozen to the bone
snowfal I to slip over
snOwpr0ugn to skid
snowdrift to slide (into)
. CLIMATE . 121
HOT WEATHER
I
I Fill the gaps in the text with the 1*'.
corect verb. the ocr
be lhe
replenish
dumped
had
parched
It l_ to end sometime. And
yesterday the heatwave that has been
went along
2_ most of England for the
tore
last three weeks went out with a bang.
blew
lashed Thunderstorms and lightning
institute 3_________the South, forcing
ripped families to flee their homes as
reachi ng emergency services were
plaguing overwhelmed with calls of fires and floods.
TheStorm4-acroSStheChannelearlyyesterdaymorning,
at bringing with it high winds, lightning, and rain. Lots and lots of rain.
/find a word that means: Reports from Essex say that the storm 5_ almost four inches
2*^
disaste
I a prolonged period of ofrain on the country, causing heavy flooding throughout the area.
abnormally hot weather But most of the damage done by the storm was caused by lightning.
2 flooded InLondon,anend-of-teITacecouncilhousewas6-apart
when it was struck by lightning, and in Hampshire a thunderbolt
3 a sudden overflowing or
7-a15ftholeintheroofofablockofflats'Emergency
influx of water beyond its
services were on full alert throughout the day.
normal confines, especially
over land; an inundation The storm follows three weeks of blistering weather that have
4 extremely and uncomfoft-
8_ the countryside and caused serious problems in the cities.
ably hot
Withtemperaturesregu1arly9-themid-tohigh.thirties,
old-age pensioners and people with heart conditions were warned to
5 large natural or artificial stay out of the sun during the hottest parts of the day.
lakes used as a source of
Meanwhile, reservoirs were at all-time lows as the lack of rainfall
water supply
that10-withtheheatwavecausedfurtherspeculationabout
$ w,i
disaste
6 Iimiting (persons or whether the authorities would have to 11_
water rationing
provisions) to a fixed programs to deal with the drought. Authorities now say the heavy
amount rainfall has helped to 12 the water supplies, and no rationing
7 the continuous absence of will be needed.
rain; dry weather
Hot Weather
heat haze shimmering air
sultry / close / humid
cloudless sky / clear sky
mirage / mirror effect on roads {*'''
melting tarmac in your
the sun's blazing / beating down / boiling (US) dust that on
glare drouoht
heat wave cracked earth
in the shade suntan , sunburn , heat-stroke
to keeo to the shadows

WEATHER IN GENERAL
I a ski trip
I What would be the perfect wealher conditions for
the occasions and activities 0n the right? What would a seaside holiday
be the worsl conditions for lhem? a walk in the mountains
Christmas Eve in Europe
New Year's Day in Australia
sightseeing in a city
crossing the Channel
going fishing
flying
a Despite efforts by local inhabitants to stem the

rise of the river, the North River yesterday broke its
banks and spilled into several small towns. Rescuers
no have been working round the clock to evacuate...
ain.
rt
hes
/ Malch the news reports on the right to the natural
b Local reservoirs are at an all-time low. and
disasters lhey are describing.
?4.
citizens in the area have been told to refrain from
watering their lawns or gardens. Penalties of up to
mg. $100 have been set for anyone who...
lafi hurricane
rolt f lood
c Two skiers were killed and three others trapped
ncy for three hours in the latest catastrophe to hit the
tornado
Ridgeville Ski Resorl this year. Rescuers tried...
landslide
ave drought d Although it lasted for only thirty minutes, the
ies. avalanche twister managed to cause several million dollars
leq worth of damage, destroying a number of houses
and downing power lines...
Jto
at e This small town was caught completely

fall unprepared for the mass of dirt and mud that flowed
rout
.l Write similar descriptions of the following natural
down off the mountains early this moming, burying
disasters and read them oul to your classmates.
two houses and a local iunior school...
Ling
avy
mg earthquake f Residents across Florida have been preparing for
erupting v0lcan0 this latest stom, which has been working its way up
from the Caribbean and is exoected to touch down
tidal wave / tsunami
somewhere nearMiami at 4:00 p.m. today. Although
famine many people have left, some still say...
epidemic
F
{ your
Wnirn ol these natural disasters are possible threals ! Wtrat kinds of damage do these nalural disasters
in country? Tell a padner about a natural disaster cause? What steps can be laken to pr0tect communities
thal once struck your country. from them?
. CLIMATE . 123
ATMOSPHERE
I /--\ I
I igl EverybodY hears about Firl
global warming and lhe greenhouse

effect, but how much do you reallY
cyclor
know about it? Take this test and see
how well you do! cause
True or false: The greenhouse effect has always posed a
and 3
Then listen to the radio programme serious threat to life on Earth.
buildir
on global warming and check Your
answels. Which of these is not a greenhouse gas caused by industry? Interr
al a carbon dioxide 4s_

/Whal do you think would haPPen b CFCs transp
il for some reason the earth's c nitrous oxide
temperature suddenly increased? d oxygen The lr
What things would change? What 5 d__

True or false: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been banned
things would stay the same? winds
all over the world because they break down the ozone layer
rt and contribute to globalwarming. condit
{ small groups, discuss what you
In
Global warming is such a problem that it might cause
can do as individuals to Prevent
global warming. Make a list of
suggestions using the lollowing
a a rise of one or two degrees over the next half-century. ll*
belonr
prompts.
b large changes in temperature from year to year.
c a steady rise in temperature of two degrees per year. UNDI
unleaded petrol
d the world to become uninhabitable within two hundred years' A
cycling to work True or false: Global warming is an established fact that is
bottle bank generally agreed upon within the scientific community.
recycled paper Which of these is not a cause of global warming?
phosphate-f ree detergents
a The clear-cutting of the rain forests in Central America and
CFCs other places.
energy-saving bulbs b Radioactivity released into the atmosphere by nuclear
plastic bottles and bags
testing, waste and Power Plants.
c The burning of fossil fuels as an energy source.
catalytic converter d The emission of other greenhouse gases by factories. 10
public transport
11
Atmosphere
12
the earth / planei earth / globe W?X x W?l'10 ultraviolet radiation
northern southern hemisphere equinox skin cancer
"
atm0spnere equinoctial storms atmospheric pollution 13
ozone layer gravrly sulphur dioxide (S0,)
ionosphere equatorial convection current nitrous oxides
stratos p he re oceanic cu'rents (hot and cold) acid rain 14
cosmic radiation melting polar icecaps aeros o I s
li ltration tropical rain forests ref rigerants i CFCs

{ossil fuel (ch lorof luorocarbons) 15
reflecti on
cycle of the flooo x sosSoftS carbon dioxide (C0,) build-up el nino
new m00n global warming
greenhouse effect 16
Jull moon
half moon risi ng sea levels
CLIMATE - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I
I Fill in the appropriate terms. II I Suppr1l the right w0rds according to the definitions.
At sea and along adjacent coastal areas, tropical

17 a very strong wind, capable of
cyclones (1 h_, typhoons, and willy-willies) can damaging buildings and trees
cause great damage through excessive 2r_ 18 a hanging pointed piece of ice,
formed by the freezing of dripping
and 3 f__ , winds, and wave action to ships, WAIET
buildings, trees, crops, roads, and railways, and they may 19 forms when rapid temperature
interrupt air service and communications. Heavy change condenses water from the
atmosphere
4s and icy conditions can impede 20 a bank of snow heaped up by the
transportation and increase the frequency of accidents. action of the wind
The long absence of rainfall, by contrast, can cause 21 change to a liquid condition by heat
5 d______ and severe dust 6 s ___ _ when 22 covered with cloud; dull and gloomy
winds blow over parched farmland, as with the "dustbowl"
conditions of the U.S. plains states in the 1930s Ilt
I U Fillthe gaps.
TI 23 _ weather we're having.
| | Where do the following metaphorical expressions
a Nice
belong? b Good
A HAIL OF / A STORM OE WET, c Wrong
UNDER A CLOUD, SNOWED UNDER, FROSTY, d Horrible
24 In the teeth of the _.
A FOG OF, LIGHTNING, TEMPESTUOUS, a ctouo
THE CALM BEFORE THE STORM o gare
c breeze
7 There has been _criticism (protest, d flood
25 During the _, the soil was as dry as a bone.
outrage) following the publication of the book. a drought
b equrnox
She took the news quietly. Was she happy that c full moon
he was leaving, or was this just _? d ground frost
26 The climate is moister here; it's not the heat, it's the
Politicians sneaked out through a side door to
avoid _ abuse
a humidity
b hot
c hail
10 Have a drink to your whistle! d scorcher
27 ll never but it pours.
11 No-one believed his reason for resigning, so he a helps
left the job _ and has found it difficult b clears
to find another one. c rains
o nses
12 I am constantly _ with work: there's
28 As the moon waxes and _, so the height of
the tide changes.
simply too much of it and not enough time. A WASIES
b winds
13 Their relationship can be described as c wands
- they're always fighting. o wanes
29 Red at night, shepherd's delight. Red
14 They were very unwelcome, and a in the morning, shepherd's warning.
reception was all they received.
a squall
b sky
c rainbow
15 The news was bad, and _ depression d lightning
came down on everyone. We were helpless. 30 Mad dogs and Englishman go out in the noonday
16 Driving on today's roads requires a light
ref lexes.
D SUNIAN
c sun
d weather
. CLIMATE. 125
CLIMATE
I
- AND MORE PRACTICE...
I ritt in the appropriate terms. III Suppr11 the right words according to the delinitions.
Weather has a tremendous influence on human 17 a gentle wind
settlement patterns, food production, and personal comfort. 18 very fine rain
Extremes of temperature and humidity cause discomfort and 19 a flash of bright light produced by
an electric discharge between
may lead to the transmission of disease; heavy
clouds or between clouds and the
1 r_ can cause 2t-, displacing people grouno 1*'
about
Stater
and interruptinq economic activities; 3 t-. 20 cannot be predicted
descri
tornadoes, 4 h_, and 5 s_ storms may 21 (of the atmosphere or the
weather) hot or oppressive; close
damage or destroy crops, buildings, and transportation 2,n
you e)
22 a very hot day
routes and vehicles. 6 S_ may even kill or injure anima
people and livestock.

tlt du
tl I U Fill the gaps.
|| Where do the following metaphorical exptessions 23 April bring May flowers.
belong? a swallows
D SnOWerS
THUNDERED, STORMED, WHIRLWIND, c cotou rs
THE WINDS OF, HAZY THE MISTS OE 0 rarns

24 _ before seven, rain before eleven.
FOGGIEST, CLOUDED, AVALANCHE, SUNNY a Son bigh
b Sleet
7 Not everything is going well. Producers are well c Snow b
aware that in terms of sales. the outlook is far from d Sun
25 When swallows fly low, skimming land and water,
expect rainy _
I The horses across the valley floor. a year m(
b wind
9 When the European colonists left Africa, c tucK
the_ change staded to blow. d weather
26 We're in _ rain (a storm).
10 Nothing came back cleady. She had a very a for
impression (memory, recollection) of bfrom
what had happened. c forward
d front of
11 After only two weeks of a _ romance 27 WhaI a _
they announced their engagement and were a snowstorm
married soon after. b blizzard
c humid
12 Their names are lost in _ history, but d smoggy
the legacy of those first settlers lives on. 28 lt's _ weather for ducks.
a rovely
t3 We were unprepared for the of matt b badly
that came in after the programme; it took months to
c beloved
d winding
answer. 29 There's not a cloud the sky.
14 He _ otf to the bathroom and slammed
bon
the door behind him. cin
d over
15 I would have liked to have helped but I did not 30 Every has a silver lining.
have the idea what he was asking for. a whirlwind
b cloud
16 His face suddenly _ with c cold snap
disappointment. d black ice

ritions. NATURE
)ed by
IN THE WILD
Yosemite National Park
en
nd the I
I Read the following inlormation
about nalional parks in the United
States. Could any of these be Yosemite National Park is located in central California, bordering on
describing a place in your country? the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Its most spectacular f'eature is the
Yosemite Valley, a long gorge carved by glaciers during the Ice Age
close
/'r In which of these parks would which contains several splendid waterfalls and cascades. The park
you expect to find the following contains several groves of ancient sequoia trees. Other forests of pine,
animals? fir, and cedar give way to alpine meadows at higher elevations.
ducks c0y0te
kangaroo rats
egrets
Everglades National Park
horned lizard deer
Everglades National Park in southern Florida is the largest subtropical
wilderness and marshland in the United States. Because it contains
alligator cougar both freshwater and saltwater areas, its vegetation is lush and diverse.
bighorn sheep grizzly bear The forest is host to numerous species of palm, cypress, live oak and
pine trees. Wild flowers, including orchids and water lilies, also abound
bald eagle gray wolf
in the area. The park has many marked hiking trails and boardwalks to
water, rattlesnakes water provide easier access to the marshes, as well as five canoe trails.
moccasins
beaver
wild turkey
lizards
Death Valley
Death Valley, which got its name from the large number of gold-seekers
who died trying to cross it in the 1849 Gold Rush, is the hottest place
in the United States. Despite this, the 7,800-square-kilometer desert
basin is by no means lifeless. The mountains of the Panamint Range,
which borders the desert, play host to thousand-year-old bristlecone
pine trees which cling to the rocky slopes. Within the basin itself, a
large number of cacti can be found, and scattered springs create marshy
oases. Only the desert's lowest areas,
which consist of sandy dunes and salt
plains, are completely devoid of
vegetation.
. NATURE. 127
+t
al Write a short description of an area in your country that remains a wilderness.
Find the conect English names ol the main animals and plants. The lists on lhe
cl
following pages are designed to help you. (NB
Man
(the'
{ Look at the animals below and say which of them move in groups and which
are I
are solitary. " har
lf they do live in groups, what do we call the groups?

What are they called when they are babies? Somr
(the
Are they pledators, scavengers, or herbivores?
fema
(Predators hunt; carnivores just eat meat; scavengers are carnivores, but usually eat what spec
-
predators have killed e.g. vultures; omnivores eat everything; herbivores eat plants.) any,
dogs ,ronft - forl, - p^fpy - prnJoto, m0us

rat
ra0bi
lions
bu
na[e
pigs
for
squi r
horses
beavr
dat
ducks hams
marTr
bald eagles
mole
m(
spiders ne0gr
bat
wolves
badgr
st0at
snakes
WCASI
polec
vultures
marte
fox (c
hyenas
ear
OIIET
F
I t-ist lhe names ol the animals in the pictures in the table and decide \,4/0[,
cul
which category they belong to.
wildc
rynx
reo 0l
ducks roe d,
fal I ou
cham
m00s
Alldr
femal
y0un
bear t
mouf
bison
wild I
. Topic-based Vocabularv .
Classification of Animals
(N.B. American terms for animals are s0metimes different
7>-
a-
)
z Mammals keep their body temperature constant claws, unless it has hooves, like a cow or deer. lts
7- (they are warm-blooded), suckle their young, and covering is known as its fur, pelt or coat. lt has
\ are usually covered in hair. In general, a mammal's forelegs, hind legs and (usually) a tail. Cows have
'hands" are known as paws, often containing sharp horns on their heads; deer have anllers.
Some typical wild mammals Birds Reotiles are cold-blooded. sard i ne

(the brackets contain male, nightingale They are covered in scales, and cod
female, young, and the blackbi rd hatch from eggs, which they naKe
special name of the home, if th rush
lay on land.
bass
any, in that order) s nake
tit SNATK
m0use grass snake
robin SK?IO
' l'?V
ffi
rat adder or vioer
rabbit (buck, doe, starter,
burrow 0r \^/arren)
:iTl[fl$fu
swattow RR
ASD
lizards (including slow-worm,

Shelllish
shrimp
hrro rrhrrnlr dno lovorot prawn
form); jackrabbit
swift 'r a legless lizard)
marttn I
1[*
crab
squirrel (nest is a drey) 'n'"$4"
beaver (lives in a lodge on
finch ,. Xl>a: lobster
dem\
a
stork -:*'Eiij. Some mammals are adaoted for
0ct0pus
:"111'
namsrer a.
l\tl - cardinal -1-'{ life at sea
n
squ id
IffallllUt 'J Around lields and copses 5u1

^^^r cocKre
"tr) mussel
-
mole (makes molehills / cr0\^/
;:1;li"<N_e
sa oyster
moleheaps)
hedgehog
r00K
jackdaw ;;ipi; sca il 0p
bat iflP magpre

pcrpoise
wnare ,q\ Invertebrates are creatures
without backbones. They
badger (boar, sow, cub, sett) Pl000n x 0Ove ) include insects (six legs),
SIOAI DUTZa(O Amphibians are cold-blooded, spiders (eight legs), and
weasel kite lay eggs, and pass through millions of various
polecat NAWK several changes of form in 'creepy-crawlies'.
marten fal con
\ water before they become
lox (dog{ox, vixen, cub, partridge adult, when they can venture
\ earth) pheasant onto land.
0nt0 lan0. A
are &Qfl
w
trog (eggs are spawn young butterfly
otter (dog-, bitch-, kit, holt) quai
&\ tadpoles)
w
I
pl wolves (young are cateroillar

caterpi lar I
\ wolf,
cubs)
kestrel
owl
I0a0 flv
wildcat (tom she-cat, kittens)
lynx
tarK
hoopoe
t
w newt
sataman0er
moth
bee $(
re0 0eer cuc ko o Fishes are cold-blooded, bumblebee
il roe deer w000pecKer covered in scales. and
"breathe" water using gills.
ladybird
fallow deer troo-nroonar mosquito / midge
chamois nuthatch
Most of them have fins. wasp
m00se
All deer males are bucks,

tay
Waterside
W In fresh water
sturgeon (eggs are caviar)
hornet
ant R4-
r -(\"F
salmon i}N locust
females are does, and
young are fawns.
hero n
egret troui
pikeff-< eg
cricket
hprr i/vntrnn rro ntthc\
wwu|\Jvv||yq|vvuvU/
ki ngfisher
centipede ;*M(
mouflon (ram, ewe, lamb) gu rl
t\ perch sp iders
bison (bull, cow, calf)

..';..> zander I pikeperch black widow
wild pig (boar, sow, piglets)

Iern
eel
tarantula n /N^
OUCK
goose, p/ geese
-!.)-
catfish (wels) ,
daddy-long-legs _trf'..
srugs an0 snails
coot asp
earthworm
cormorant
SWAN
carp
roach
tench
"lH pfR
wagtail
ln the mountains
raven
bream
In salt water
@€ llsn:
cockroaches
i
eagle macKerel #
)
vu lture
redstari Ll?i,.n@
. NATURE. 129
THE COUNTRYSIDE PLr
I
I Fill in the missing words into the
spaces in the text on the right, using ]OOD ]OR ITEIRM TRTT
the expressions below.
Located on the beautiful Northern Coast, Badger Point is every nature-
lover's dream holiday destination. The coastline here varies between rocky
caves and caverns and sandy 2_, both of which are spotted
streams
with campsites and lodges. The rocky bottom of Badger Point Bay forms
one of the largest systems of tide-pools in the country, and at
fo rests
an incredible variety of anemones, crabs, and other marine
cu rrent lifegetstrappedinitspocketsuntilthetide4-again.Justa
stalactites half'-mile 5 lies Badger Island, a haven for marine birds
and especially seals.
cliffs
mouth The Badger River, which empties into Badger Point Bay, has its
6 over two hundred miles away. As it passes through the
mead0ws
mountains, it is fed by many 7 and in some places has some
beaches
exciting 8_. At the river's 9_, however, the
low tide 10 is smooth and even, making it perfect fbr canoeing or
s0u rce kayaking.
stalagmites A few miles inland, a 11 rises out of the rolling 3r''

white water rapids t2 , Within these hills many f3 can be the rivr
partnel
found. filled with 14 , 15_ and other gather
creek
interesting rock formations. Beyond the hills lies the 16
tu rns which was created when Badser 17 was dammed fiftv vears
reservo i r ago. Surrounding the entire area are lush pine and oak 18
offshore There is also a three-star hotel on the banks of the lake. So whether you've
range of hills come to camp, spend a weekend in a lodge, or relax in the luxury of a hotel,
Badger Point is the place for you!
mussels
lt mackerel
/ lf someone loved fishing and
trout
seafood, where would s/he be able
to gather, trap or catch the following salm0n
creatures? Match the catch to the carp
place and the equipmenl on the next shrimps
page. cockles / clams (US)
edible crabs
crayf ish
130 . Topic-based Vocabularv .

PLACE EQUIPMENT
Hanging in great bunches from the a stick and quick reflexes, or a baited,
harbour walls and rocks between the basket-like oot set from a boat
tides.
ET rod, line and lots of fishing tackle;
Living in the shallow water just below low sweetcorn or potatoes for bait
lature- tide.
c a big basket or bag and a sharp knife
I rocky Behind the seaweed in the tide pools, in
d rod, line and lots of fishing tackle
the rocks around the harbour wall, in
ipotted
deep, rocky water. e a wide-mouthed push-net - little ones for
forms the kids in the tourist shops, big
In fresh water, usually still rather than
rnd at professional ones made by local
running - the reservoir would be best.
fishermen
marlne
In fast-running, clean fresh water, or in
bits of meat, a few long nails, a net on a
Just a the estuary.
stick and lightning reflexes; or a baited
.
r birds Best in fast, clear water, but also stocked trao

in still water like the reservoir.
rod and line, and/or boat, and anything
Whole beds of them buried in the sand flashy or shiny for bait - they even snap
ias 1ts between the tides. at bare fish-hooks
Lgh the Only in the cleanest fresh water, most rod, line, and lots of fishing tackle,
S SOInE easily caught in small streams. although some clever people know how
to catch them with their hands (tickle
'er, the In large shoals, often quite close to the
them)
:ing or shore.
hands or little garden fork and a bag
at TL
olling ii What can be gathered / caught by ordinary people in
can be the rivers, coast and countryside in your country? Tell your
partner about a trip to the countryside to hunt, catch 0r
other gather free food. Don't forget the plants. See p. 136.
Countryside
''*. Hunting and shooting to staik ' lie in wait for I ine
gun i fishing licence (GB) / license (US) a hide (GB) / a blind (US) weight / sinker
to go shooting or fishing camouflage clothing n00K
you've
f isherman r riflo firpq r sinnlp hrllpi hook line and sinker
r hotel, angler a shotgun fires lots of pellets from bait
hu nti ng a cartridge \/V0rm
shooti ng to fire at livebait

toxhunt to hit , miss x wou[d ' kill cleanly artificial lures
n0u n0s poacher p lug
3 huntsman on horseback gamekeeper spinner

fly
g
hunting horn
Fishing to have a bite
gu ndog
tn {ind:nd rptripvp nrmo water bailiff to strike
lerret to flush rabbits
pond lake
' ' river fishing to hook a {ish
stocked waters toplayafish
trap
put-and{ake fishery to land a fish
gin{rap (GB) i spring trap i leg-hold trap
tun nel-trap
coarse fishing' game fishing to catch st on rod and line
I
to snare
(wet or dry)fly{ishing net
{nntnrintq, trrnkq, trrnpq fishing tackle gaff
ti^tJ ^t^^^^^ // hi^^^,,1^.^
lruru urdJJtrJ uil ruuurdiJ rod tro p hy
reel
. NATURE. 131
FRIEND OR FOE? Te
I Animals are nol always what people think they are. Wilh your parlner, fill in
I Pola
the table below but leave 'THE TRUTH' empty. Then read text A; your partner
One ot
should read text B. Tell your partner what you have lound out and fill in 'THE
hunt p
TBUTH'.
tIaVe I I(
'IMAGE'means accepted idea -for example, the image connecled with'dog'is
b1 rts i
'faithful', 'lriendly', 'good company'etc., because these words spring to mind sholt tl
first. the nirl
You might lind the following structures useful:

Killt
AlthoLr
a _good
rnto thr
Did you know that....? Reaily?
the seil
People think..., but actually / in fact.. No!
cilpADlr
It says here that... Fancy thatl i.ln lce-
ldon't believe it!.... How interesting! Well, welll nothr n1
di sting
Chir
EANGqTT,TO Darlin,
,.PEOPL€
IMAGE THE TRL'TH a thous
lOis some littl€ none

iI L-lnni
a Iteu lr
polar bear
Te
killer whale
'.'':i':'
.\-i,
:r,l t.
.
Gori
The gor
chimpanzee
truthfir l
Hollr u
vegettl
,.'q:do$ comty I
Lreating
tlierr gl
bald eagle all shot
. :.'t'..,' . .'
gorilla
Woll
Co-trpe
atler ea
rrates i
wolf exnrrpl
hunted
fnct thlr
hyena that a ht
ancl clo
ts a Vef
pig
Hyer
C-'onder
raven coward
closer s
'132 Topic-based Vocabulary .

Text A
Bewate 0f tnc ... Gnim[p
Polar Bear murders the young of the previous leader. Although prirnarily
vegetarians, chimps occasionally go on the rampage fbl meat,
One of the few animals thatwill actively and deliberately
killing the young of other animals even those of "alien" chimp
hunt people, the polar bear can be a menace to Arctic
travellers and hunters. Superbly camouflaged and insulated Sroups in grisly t'ashion. then eating them.
by its white fur, and capable of a good turn of speed over a
short distance, it is a master both of the stealthy stalk and Dog
the patient ambush.
Dogs kill, maim, and disflgure thousands of people every year,
all over the world. The statistics in "civilised" countries. such
Killer Whale (Orca) as Britain, are appalling. The problem seems to be that no
politician wiil risk losing an election to protect people fi'om
Although all the whales and dolphins have been getting
theil favourite pet, and no police ofTicer wants to be seen as
a good press in recent yeals, the killer whale still strikes f'ear
a dog-hater. Apart fiom pet dogs, f'eral dogs are a menace.
into the hearts of those who must live and work on and near
These are pets that have run off and bred in the wild, and their
the sea around Arctic waters. Intelligent and inquisitive, quite
colonies are features of the outskirts of most third-world cities.
capable of co-operating with others of its own kind to tip up
But they're a big problern in America, too....
an ice-floe or to herd seals and fish into ambush. it thinks
nothing of adding a person to the day's menu, and probably
distinguishes hirn or her from a seal only by taste. BaId Eagle
In one of the most unfbrtr.rnate clashes of fact and stereotype
Chimpanzee in history, the eagle that symbolises America on flags, coins
and banknotes is of a species that often turns to robbely ancl
Darling of the zoo tea party and Tarzan's sidekick in
scavenging to make a living. One of its specialities is chasing
a thousand TV proglarnmes, the wild chimp can also be
fish eagles until they drop what they have caught. then eating
a cannibal, murderel and killer for kicks. For example, when
it. Benjamin Franklin, a founder-philosopher of the An.rerican
a new leader takes over a chimp social group, it systematically
state, was bitterly opposed to its use as a symbol, and suggested
the wild turkey in its place.
Text B
King Kong GuddlesP
Gorilla fbrmidable and worthy of respect as, for example, a wild hunting
dog. Ironically, similar studies of the so-called "noble" lion revealed
The gorilla's reputation has been the victim of two of the least
that it, too, is a scavenger, a thief and coward - if these tenrs can
truthful and minimally intelligent groups of people on Earth:
be applied to animals at all.
Hollywood and white hunters. It is, in fact, a gentle, sociable
vegetarian, much given to chewing bamboo by day and building
comfy beds fbl itself and its young by night. Its worst habit is Pio
^^b
beating its chest and running up to visitors, but if they stand
Intelligent, faithful, clean-living and co-operative anirnals, pigs
their ground instead of shooting. the gorilla backs down. It's have been the victims of inter-religious propaganda since the dawn
all show. of civilisation. Their alleged filthiness derives in part fiorn an
absence of sweat glands, which makes it very diflicult to keep
Wolf cool without wallowing in rnud. At various points in history they
have been used as tbrest clealers, seed planters, and pullels of
Co-operative hunlers that kill only when they need to, look
carts. They have also been known to take over fi'om dogs, herding
after each others' young and bring food back to the den for cattle as well as any collie and finding and retrieving garre rn
mates and young that cannot hunt, wolves might be cited as
English fbrests. To this day, they are used to snifT out trufl'les -
examples of good behaviour, rather than being systernatically
delicious and extremely expensive underground fungi - in France.
hunted for "crimes" they seldom commit. It is an interesting
fact that there exists absolutely no scientifically proven evidence
that a healthy wolf has ever killed and eaten a person in America, Raven
and close examination of evidence in Eurasia proves that this Big, black and mysterious, the raven lives on the border of
is a very rare event there. superstition and tact. A highly intelligent and adaptable bird, it
mates for li1-e and exists on carrion and whatever small animals.
from beetles to rodents, it can catch. Despite the legends, it kills
Hyena nothing larger than a rabbit. lt is interesting to compare attitLldes
Condemned, like many scavengers, to being a symbol of tow.rrds the raven, a black and useful scavenger fiom the mountains,
cowardice and underhand practice, the hyena has proved, on and towards the swan, a white and thoroughly r-rseless bird tlrat
closer study of its nocturnal habits, to be a hunter every bit as does little but pollute lowland pastures and ponds.
TL
. NATURE. 133
AT THEZOO Parrots and other exotic birds Must be caged.
Need to have silence at night or they
I won't be able to get to sleep.
I Do you have a zoo in your city? What kinds of animals
Hippos Can be dangerous if antagonised but
1oo
the lirs
does it have?
mostly peaceful. Need a nice pond to talk ab
rl bathe in. Although they are and w]t
/You have been appointed the zoo keeper of a new zoo. gregarious, they don't like to share
Decide which of the lollowing animals should go in which
ol the cages 0r spaces below. Be carelul that nobody gets their ponds with any other large 2tn
eate n! animals.
Why i
lf you have difficulties in placing the animals, suggest Leopards Predators. Very fast, need some room
putting in new enclosures or altering the existing ones. house
to run around.
Polar bears Extremely nasty. Will fight anything, Is Chr
no matter how big. Also very strong, pet? V
Lions Temperamental camivores. Will eat any
able to tear down fences with their
animals thev are caeed with. Should be What,
paws.
isolated. childrr
Monkeys Master escape arlists. Must be put Flamingos Not prone to escape. Need to be in
water. Which
either into cages or on islands. Very
loud and rowdy. Zebras Peaceful and not prone to escape. ones a
Need lots of room to run. Very fast.
Giraffes Very timid and tolerant. Can live
anywhere as long as they have some
leaves lo chew on.
Crocodiles Need shallow ponds to bathe in. Very
dangerous if you get too close, but
3e
answel
easy to outllln.
4,,,
person
what ki
o
o
o
o
o
le
I tt
I anr
I aqL
lc,
I Pei
I Ru,
At the Zoo
II trn
gin
reintroduction to the wild hippo(potamus) p/.
cage breeding in captivity hippopotamuses or -ami gorilla lM,
I a0
enclosure zoo keeper bison (GB) / buffalo (US) orangutan
confi nement lanimal nanel keeper rh i n oceros ostri ch loo
restricted movement
reptile house
lion
tr ger
g i
rcbra
raffe pengu i ns
flamingo
!lm0 0,,
big cats leopard grizzly bear crocodile alligator' I Pot
aquarium " vivarium camel p0rar Dear lizards snakes' IlGe.r"r

room to move
feeding time
elephant
A{rican
koala (bear) (marsupial)
kangaroo
cobra
python til:
breeding nucleus Ind ian apes " m0nkeys anaco n da
l'-
ged. PETS
: they
I
I Do you have a pet? lf you do, tell your partner about
d but the first time you saw your pet. lf you don't have a pet,
rnd to talk about what kind 0l pet you would mosl like to have
and why.
tare 1l
C,Try t0 answer the questions below.
Why is the first day you bring a new pet into your
room
house important for the pet?
thing, Is Christmas Day a good day to bring home a new
W6
.rong, pet? Why/why not?
reir
What can sometimes happen when you give young
children pets such as dogs or cats?
:in
WKffi
Which are the easiest animals to look after? Which
)e. ones are the most difficult?
fast.
.very tl
but
J t'Epi Now listen to lhe recording and check your
answels. \ --f-.)
{ Crnu'n animals are sometimes associated with certain

personality traits. ll the following people were animals,
what kinds 0l animals would they be? Why?
o your teacher
@*M y,FB
o
o
o
o
your mother or father
the leading politicians in your country
your paflner or friend
your favourite musician or film star
^ry"#kJ
Pets labrador sc0rpr0n
corgi spider
he has a way with animals
retI eve r rat
animal lover
dachshund / sausage dog mouse, pi mice
aquarist / fish fancier
collie gurnea prg
Cats basset hound
Riding horses
Persian greyn0un0
thorough bred
Russian blue spaniel (cocker or springer) Arab
tabby long-haired, short-haired hunter
ginger i marmalade to take the dog for a walk i a run p0ny
Manx to walk the dog saddle
a good mouser regular exercrse bridle
Dogs c0ltar bit
npdinrop, nrnqq-hrppd lead/ leash (US) girth
mongrel muzzle
st I rru ps
" trot' canter

p000re 0ther animals walk gallop
"
German shepherd / Alsatian parrot pony and trap
doberman (n) budgerigar / budgie trap racrng
pit-bull terrier tu rtl e show-lumping
fox terrier hamster
. NATURE. 135
PLANTS 3to
I foof at the plant and fill in the names ot its parts.
root
stalk
leaf, pl. Ieaves
bloom
petal
bud Patience plant
{tmpatiens Wallercna}
I Unscramnle the names of the following plants (the first letter is in bold).
t,,,
them?
,ffi' the sar
ffiW
pimsorer ilyl-fo-eth-yalelv lasdy nttndil ccosru strl sanpy
liyl sssnuacn mumsanthechrv lidodaff Putil
Plants
Flowers carnal | 0 n Weeds Herbs G rass
Parts of a plant snowdrop sweet pea nettle thyme meadow
SIEM cowslip r0se th istle marjoram nay
flower foxglove taven0er couch-grass parsrey haymaking
p0ilen buttercu p snapdragon p0ppy sage 0ates
seed {orget-me-not geranium co rnf lower r0semary blades of grass
bu lb violet p0ppy bu rdock mint
Water-plants
rhizome anem0ne sunf lower dandel ion cam0mile
water lilies
cutti ng bluebells cornf lower daisy chives
waterweed
graft pe0ny
PINKS
dah lia
sea\,vee0
ffi
$ foof< at the tree and fill in the names of its parts.
I trunk
_l bark
branch
bough
l twig
leaf (pl. leaves)
and blossom
crown
Flowering dogwood
(Carnus tlorida)
F
Irurnabout the following trees. Where would you find ! Look at the pictures and name what you can
them? What other plants and trees would probably grow in see in them using some ol the expressions below.
the same place?
J/
--"/7/
.€3fr/
(-,/'[ i,f B''
(*F
rqD
pv ffi \\a/_.-\
prne hawthorn
poplar
til
willow birch
I
I
l Plants Some tvpes of tree map le Mushrooms and fungi death cap
T
I
I The forest (fruit /'seeds in horse chestnut (horse field mushroom destroying angel
I
I evergreen x b rac kets ) chestnuts / conkers) toad sto o I fly agaric
I
I 0ecr0u0us pine (cone) sweet chestnut morel edible " inedible
I
I coniferous fir (cone) (chestnuts)
snru0 larch elm
paraso I
cep (penny bun) p0rs0n0us

'
poisonous deadly
ass Ia OUSN spruce rowan (berries) chanterel le mycel i um
tsl I
ctrrmn / qtrrh
ner0
lime
n0rn0eam
/ linden tree (weeping) willow
pussy willow
oyster mushroom stem
I bench lungus cap
t
T undergrowth birch ash honey tuft gills
bram b I es beech (mast) hawthorn (haws) puflbal I
p0res
rain forest oak (acorns)
. NATURE. 137
NATURE
T
I Choose the right expressions and lill | | t,t' in the correct names ot plants.
in the gaps. I Chor
1 He was working for the new 11 is the plant that turns moors and heaths purple every August. lt the ga
1 Ar
boutiques and restaurants that were is also found in bogs, open woods and on old dunes. White _ is
_ across London. a variant. na(
a growing up cer
b flooding 12 _ is a common weed with small grey-blue flowers appearing from
c mushrooming April onwards. lt can be found in fields, in woods, and in wet places. b
d rooting There is also a garden variety.
d
2 Love of money is the _ of all 13 _ is well-known for its sweet smell. lt has pinkish-purple flowers 2 Ihr
evil.
a stem
like marjoram and wild basil. lt is a low-growing plant and is common cur
D SOUTCe on heaths and downs throughout the British lsles.
c seeo
14 _ was originally found in cornfields but because of modern
b
d root c
herbicides its bright blue flowers can nowadays be found mostly only d
3 The affair was deeply _ in the on waste ground. 3 Thr
way the company was run.
a rooted 15 _ is a common weed of lawns and waste places. lt has solitary
b set flowerheads on leafless stems. The name derives from "dent de lion" b
c cutting (French for lion's tooth) which refers to the shape of its leaves.
d nested c
o
4 She _ into an utterly beautiful 4 Suc
woman. TIT star
a blossomed
| | | ttre following names of wild animals have been left 0ut 0f the sentences a
b bloomed
below. Put them back. b
c Decame
c
d ruited
f
APE RAT FERRET BEAR FOX d
5 After twenty years of _ 16 | tried very hard, but I couldn't _ the information out of the clerk. 5He
searching she returned home. his
a blooming 17 The money market is a _ race, and some people who work in it a
b growrng
die of the stress. b
c fruitless c
d seaweed 18 You would have to be sly as a _ to outwit me. d
6 That project may well come to 19 6 Mar
Careful on Monday mornings! The boss is like a _ with a sore emI
_ after all. head.
a lower f
b ruit f 20 | really go _ over chocolate. b

c ruition f
dfun d
7 tthi
7 The work will _for future
development.
l\f trtrn the names ol trees with their truits or seeds.
a til
a make hay 21 pine cone nevr
b dig the ground 22 beech berries

c lay the ground 23 oak
conKers
b
d cultivate the fielo 24 horse chestnut c
8 A_ 25 fir acorns d
of doubt may have been
26 rowan mast
8 The
planted in our minds. SUCI
a corn
b grain
c seedling
d seed
\f turrn the following plouerbs and ctichds with their exptanati0ns. b
c
d
9 She could _ the harvest of 27 beard the lion in his own a to support both sides of the 9 Mal,
her sound training. den dispute a
a gather b
b reap 28 when the cat's away, the b if you wake up and get to work c
c mow mice will play early, you will succeed o
d receive 10 Eve
29 to run with the hare and c to confront someone on his or her
10 Unexpected work _ up when it hunt with the hounds own territory
was most inconvenient. a
a picked 30 the early bird catches the d when no authority is present, the b
b cropped worm subordinates can do as they c
c grew please o
d igured f

NATURE - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I
I Ghoose the right expressions and fill | | t"' in the correct names 0f ptants.
gust. lt the gaps.
IS
1 A call warned police that a bomb 11 _ can be told from bilberry by its evergreen leaves, creeping
had been in a car in the habit, whiter flowers and edible berries which turn red when ripe.
centre of the town.
g from a planted 12 _ is widely planted in ornamental waters. lts leaves are small
rces. b rooted and circular and the big white flowers float on the surJace of water.
c pruned They are related to true lilies.
d cropped up
WETS The teaching staff had to _ the
13 _ has deep scarlet petals, often with a black patch at the base
curriculum and the tests. and globular seed-pods; it flowers in the fields from June to the
nmon
a fertilize aulumn.
b prune
14 _ is common in lawns and disliked by many tidy gardeners. lt
c harvest
flowers throughout the year except in prolonged hard frosts.
/ only d weed
The United States emits more 15 also called Lent Lily, is the only native British wild narcissus.
_ gases than any other country. Wild _ grow in grassy places, mainly in Southern and Western
rary a nature England, but have been introduced elsewhere.
r lion" b biological
ttl
c greenhouse
d global | | | fne lollowing names 0f animals have been lelt out lrom the sentences
below. Put them back.
Suddenly a new idea _ and we
started talking about it. MOUSE HARE SQUIRREL MONKEY WOLF
rtences a turned up
o croppeo up 16 | was not sure what to do. I didn't want to hurt him but I didn't want to
c grew up be a _ either.
d set in
'17 This proposal seems harmless enough, but I think it's a
:lerk.
He began to _ the harvest of
sheep's clothing.
his hard work.
in it a dig 18 I have been _ away a little money each week for years.
b feed
C SOW 19 There's been some _ business in connection with the bank's
o reap accounts.
Many firms started
employees to cut costs. 20 lf you run after two you will catch neither.
a shedding
tlt
b sprouting
I lf Sort the following names 0f trees under the two headings.
c flourishing
EVERGREEN (21), DECTDUoUS (22).
d planting
7 I think l'll just rest on my _ for larch spruce pine lime fir hornbeam birch beech oak
a time before attempting anything maple horse chestnut elm rowan willow ash
new.
a teaves
\f *u,rn the following proverbs and clichds with their explanations.
b roots
c petals 23 a big fish in a small pond have an obsession about
d laurels something
8 They are enjoying the _____ of 24 money does not grow on something you already have is
success and having a good time. ITCCS better than to risk losing
a harvest
25 a leopard cannot change everything by trying to get much
b spell
its spots more
c fruits
the most imponant person in
d blooms 26 a little bird told me some small group or community
9 Make _ while the sun shines.
a straw 27 a bird in the hand is worth immense things can come from
D nay two in the bush small beginnings
/ork c corn
28 have bats in the belfry
e be crazy
d beet I it is not easy to get money
; or her
10 Everybody is expecting a few green 29 have a bee in one's bonnel g one cannot change the basic way
_ of economic recovery.
great oaks from little one is
a snols 30
b springs acorns grow a way of indicating that you do not
1t, the
c stems want to reveal who told you
)y
d shoots something - sometimes used
playf ully
. NATURE. 139
EVERYDAY PHRASES
The following phrases are the type of highly colloquial language that one hears every day and needs to understand.
Read through the following list of explanations and then try to complete the dialogues using the phrases from the list.
I
Then practise the dialogues in pairs:
J
lHo
a For what it's worth (a phrase added to a piece of information) typical
What d
b You're telling me! (l know all the truth of what you are saying very well.)
this is i
c suit yourself (you can decide to have something you want it) Amerir
d Take it or leave it (There is no choice. Take this option or none.)

ZRe
e Stay / keep out of this! (This does not concern you, so do not get involved.) exercis
f we must / should do this again (sometime) (to indicate that you have enjoyed st) Find tt
g as we speak (just now, at this very moment) means
h when you get a minute / a chance (introducing a request) 1\

llc
i lf there's anything you need, don't hesitate to ask (offering help, usually said by a
J5
host)
4tl
j there you are (that's the way things are) 5n
k Where is the restroom? (US, asking for a toilet in a public building) 6a
S'
I good / nice talking to you (a polite phrase said at the end of a conversation)
7tc
8a
u
Alice:There's nothing more that can be done. We've done what we could. So glc
1
'10 a
Peter:2 , you are doing great! Alice: Thanks! lt's worth a lot!
- $ t'n
Mary:\Nell, I have to get off. Paul:3 . Bye, Mary. followi
- lon,
Tom:4 , Mary. Mary:lt's just as much my business as it is yours. firn
- f lat
Peter: This food is really terrible. Paul: Wow! 5 huo
-
tanr
Mary:l think I will go home.
- Alice:6 - | am staying. 900
mul
Bob: What a nice eveninol
- Alice:Yes. it ceftainlv was - 7
The plane is taking off 8

4,,
adjecli'
Bill:Tom,9 l'd like to ask you a question. Fir

g0rg
Peter:10 ? Clerk: Next to the receotion desk. on the riqht.
- StU n
hanr
Eve: I'm sure. l'll be comfortable here. Jane: 11 weil.

- athlr
pear
Paul:This is my last ofier. - 12
rrstand.
the list.
THE HUMAN BODY
I FIRST IMPRESSIONS
I How would you describe the
typical American man and woman?
What do they look like? Do you think
this is an accurate description ol real
Americans?
lt ,-\- For much of the world, America exists only on

/ Read the text and then do the tJ(< it has a certain
the television and cinema screen, and
exercises below. t.
Find the word in the passage that beach, her toned body only slightly covered by a bikini.
means the following: She has a perfect hourglass figure, accentuated by her
long legs, firm thighs, flat stomach, and huge breasts,
1 without a mark or stain
all of it wrapped up in a layer of tanned, unblemished
z large and swelling
skin. Next to her walks the god-like American Man,
shining in the sun tall and muscular, his bulging biceps shining in the
4 the state of being fat sun, a slight layer of sweat glistening on his sculpted
5 more healthy chest and wide shoulders. This mythical couple seems
o a hairstyle common among to appear on every American television show and
street punks movie that is broadcast across the world.
7 ideas
In reality, however, America has a much different
8 a girl who behaves in a way image, if it can be said to have one image at all. The
usually considered boyish
first surprise is that America is not a slim nation. In
9 losing one's hair fact, obesity has become such a problem among teenagers
10 a rarge group that the government has started special prot urnr; ,.
m
make schoolchildren fitter. But America is also a J 9-Y
place where there are many different concepts tt*6#r)
$ t'nO the nouns that go with the
following adjectives. beauty, so on one street you will not only find our
American Woman and Man, but also a young punk
long sculpted
with a pink mohawk and pierced lips, a tomboy with
firm wide
short hair and a stocky masculine build, a balding
f lat slim
businessman with his beer-belly and double chin,
huge pierced
and a whole host of others who never make it onto
tanned stocky
the television screen. It is iust another reminder )
god-like
that, in America as well as the rest of the world. trt:
short
muscular double
life is much bigger, and much more interestrng, f )
than what we see on the television screen.
4 rry to add some nouns to the
adjectives in the box.
First lmpressions
g0 rg e0 us fat / portly / corpulent / well-rounded ski n ny
stunning o bese slim / slender
nan0s0me g r0ss lithe
well-built 0umpy dark ' light
ath letic th in tomboy
pear-snape0 emaciated beauty is only skin deep
. THE HUMAN BODY. 141

HEAD AND FACE Hav
didn'l y
I What d
I ig3'l You will hear a conversation between Ms Begbie, a woman who has had her purse stolen, and a police
officer. Listen to the description of the mugger and then match it to one ol the pictures below. Er{s
[,
and anr
your a]
How a
their o
Why d
lno
using tl
tt .t three d
I One of the lour adjectives on each line does not collocate with the same 1| Look at the other three men in reler to
noun as the other adjectives. Add the right nouns and write your answers in the pictures and match them with the She h,
the table below. lollowing descriptions. middle
a even gapped chapped bucked slanted eyes
1
b pointed rosy double dimpled flat crooked nose

c straight curly short low
birthmark under the right eye
d dimpled straight Roman hooked
birthmark on one cheek
;
e oval wrinkled lined slanted beard
f arched plucked bushy receding
straight nose
g high short low furrowed 3
dimpled chin
h high-boned rosy pale lank
SCATS
i full chapped yellow cracked m0ustache
thick bushy eyebrows
bucked / even / gopped teeth pockmarked face
thin lips
thick arched eyebrows
double chin
round eyes
round face
{actor,rnint of a famous person (an

singer, politician) or a student
or a teacher you know.
Use the collocations from this and the
preceding page to describe them.
Write at least two or three sentences,
then read them out without saying
who the person is. The other students
can guess who you are describing.
F
! Have y0u ever had a haircut that you didn't like? Why Oh, it's not really that bad... I mean, maybe
didn't you like it? when it grows out it'11...
What did you do about it? Don't even talk about my hat! God, I am so
I police
F r-r mad I could just scream!
O iFi Unscramble the lines in the dialogue 0n the right Well, you know how John used to have such
and answer the lollowing questi0ns. Then listen and check lovely long hair? Well,_he-got a new job in_an
your answefs. insurance company so he had to cut it off. He
wanted it just to be a nice, normal length, with
How are Sue and John's new hairstvles different from a parting on the side and all that. You know,
their old ones? the businessman look. Well, the barber shaved
it all the way off. By the time he realised what
was happening, it was too late, so he had to
Why don't they like them? get a crew cut. It doesn't look so bad now that
he's grown a moustache and beard, but when
a Look at your classmates. Try to describe their laces, he first got it he looked like a skinhead! Not
f exactly the way to make a good first
using the vocabulary from the box below. Prepare al least impression at your new job.
three descriptions and let your partner guess who they
men tn refer to. Example: It's awful! God! All I asked her for was a trim
uith the and a perm. I had a lot of split ends, and I was
She has got curly auburn hair with a parting in the
tired of my fringe always getting in my eyes,
middle. Her face is round with a hioh forehead...
so I wanted it a little shorter. But she chopped
1 my fringe completely ofi and the sides are too
shoft too. And this perm is so curly that I look
like I have an afro! It's tenible!
eye Well, you know, it could be worse. Have you
seen John's new haircut?
What's the matter? Just look! (Sue takes oft
her hat.)I went to the hairdresser's today and
look what she did! She butchered me!
A Hi, Sue. Nice hat. Is it new?
B No, why?
A Why? What's the matter?
Head and Face

Hai r to be thin on top wart Eyebrows Chin
blond crew cut mole straig ht I ong
fair afro birthmark arched poi nted
auburn d read I ocks dimple thick short
red m0nawK freckled inrn chiselled
glnger parting (GB) / part (US) lined p I ucked double
brown craggy 0us ny cleft
Facial hair
black wrinkled d impled
moustache Nose
g rey 1rs5fl pale complexion
Dear0 " bu I bous Li ps
on (an curly
wh is ke rs Forehead straight full
student ftizzy
g oatee f u rrowed hooked thin
\/vavy
s i debu rns wrinkled Roman CTAC KEO
and the strai ght
high snub cnappe0
m0usy Face
nem. low 0r0Ken
g reasy round Teeth
lences, flat
tan K sq uare Eyes even
sayi ng oval oval
ve i ned
cr00Ke0
dry
ludents d ri n ker's nr nnpd
full of dandruff aqui I ine slanted " wide
ibing. p la ited pockmarked sunken Cheeks horsy
ponytai I
sp0ry deepset r0sy yel | 0w
acne sparkl i ng h i gh-boned Da0
to be balding / bald
p rm ples dull cneek00ne bucked
receding hairline

BODY AND LIMBS
I .r
I Match the parts ol the body below to the iniuries ot / Name the parts of the skeleton below. The { Sint
illnesses associated with them. There may be more than expressions in the box on the opposite page might help vivid, n
one conect answer. y0u. expres!

in your
shin stomach
literalt
knee bladder
ankle hamstring tol
muscle wrist
tol
toe f inger
leg n0se
tol
arm tooth the
head ear Grt
back lung blo
neck heart
he
tendon kidney
he
I tohavea/an inf-ection
he
2 to sprain your
he
J to bruise your
4 to have a collapsed intr
5 to have stones hez
6 to pull a dot
7 to have (a) he
8 to break your
I'n
9 to dislocate
he'
10 to tear a
ll to stub your he
t2 to get cramp ln a ir r,
l3 to have a attack he
l4 to have a stiff twl
he
$ t',,
in the lines below, using the vocabulary from the
box on the following page.
-J- =9/
,ulr..
F
r. The { Since "body language" and shared feelings can be very ! matcn the following verbs with the respective parts
hl help vivid, many parts ol the human body are used in everyday of the body and use them in sentences to illustrate their
expressions; find the equivalents of the following idioms meaning.
in your mother tongue. Which ones are nearly the same in A
literal translation and which ones are completely different?
I to clench one's arms (across
to have a sweet tooth one's chest)
to fight tooth and nail 2 ro fold b one's limbs, legs, arms
to have a nose for news 3 to nod, shake c nose, one's teeth
there was a lump in his throat

4 to pick d one's legs, fingers,
eyes, arms, oneself
Grandpa is young at heart 5 to rub e one's shoulders
blood is thicker than water 6 to stick out f one's eyes
he was completely tongue-tied 7 to shrug 5 one's head
he opened his mouth and put his foot in it 8 to cross h one's neck, tongue,
chest, belly, chin
he paid an arm and a leg for that car
he broke her heart
9 to blink I one's teeth, hands, fists
10 to stretch j one's hands, nose, eyes
into the teeth of a gale
head over heels in love B
don't 1et him fix the bike; he's all thumbs I to clean a one s nose
he made a clean breast of it 2 to turn up _ at b one's own feet
I'm all ears 3 ro hold c a tooth, one's leg
he's got a level head on his shoulders 4 to point d with a finger
he was only pulling your leg 5 to snap e one's nails, teeth
it took guts to climb Everest

6 to stamp f one's foot, feet
7 to pull g hands. one's breath
he doesn't have the stomach for a fight
8 to stand on h one's brains
two heads are better than one 9 to rack i one's shoulder
he may be ugly, but he's got a heart of gold 10 to throw st over j one's fingers
Body and Limbs

Shou I ders Hips c0ccyx liver
ht^.ld^,
wide slim knee cap vor r-ulduuGl
^îl
thin Dr0a0 shin gullet
rou nd wide shoulder blade stomach
sq uare sp leen
Legs Genitals / sex organs
pan c reas
Chest thick " thin vag r na
gut
deep knock-kneed clitoris
small intestine
narr0w bowl egged testicles
large intestine
pi geon pen is
Skeleton colon
c0 ncave
skull 0rgans, systems and glands append ix
0arret
socket brain 0Owets
flat
si nus heart kidneys
Stomach / tummy/ abdomen / jawbone windpipe b ladder
belly / gut fu nnybone I ungs ten00ns
flat rihnrno // rihc bl ood I i gament
ilwvuvv ,,vv
muscu lar b reastbone VEINS carti lage

beer co I larbone arte ri es muscles
pot (-belly) spine / backbone circulaiory system hamstring
belly button / navel pelvis nervous system

BODY - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
T Match the expressions on lhe lelt with their delinitions on the right. I Matr
1 to have a sweet tooth a people will tend to be like their ancestors, good or bad
1
2 head over heels in love b struggle energetically and with great determination 2
3 to fight tooth and nail c very much in love with someone 3
4 to be all thumbs d to confess something, to tell a necessary truth 4
5 to have an itchy palm e to be listening eagerly and carefully 5
6 to make a clean breast of something f a funny feeling, as if you were going to cry
7 to get / have a lump in one's throat g feel young in spite of the actual age 6
I to be young at heart h to tend to ask for tips (placing money in the palm)
7
9 to be all ears i to have a preference for sweet foods 8
10 blood will tell i very awkward and clumsy
9
10
| | t"' in the gaps with suitable explessi0ns.
tl
He was a tall, willowy youth, with long, lank 11 h and a vacant exoression. I I Firl
Heavy
His 12 m_ was dry with fear, sweat beaded on his 13f_, and his 14k- knocked together.
f riends
The human 15 s_ is badly designed for walking on two 16 l_, and middle age often brings back problems. People
He was an enormous man, with a big beer-17b_, 18th_ like treetrunks and 19h_ like hams. At the r
He had
She grew from a skinny, toothy adolescent into a gorgeous young woman with a perfect 20 f_
She we
Ill
| Choose the right meaning 0l these metaphols.
||
21 He has set up a body called the Security Council. 26 My heart goes out to you.
lll'
21
a a community a I sympathize very deeply with The
b an organization b am leavrng
c a busrness c decided to help
n
d a structure feel odd c

o
22 He will head a provisional government. 27 Lel me know if you need a hand!
a execule a someone to help you 22 | lot
b form b a friend a
n
c put together c an artificial limb
d lead d a new expenence c
d
23 Although your heart is breaking, you must face the truth 28 He is your closest blood relative.
23 The
that the romance has ended. a a person you marry
eve
a accept b your stepbrother
a
b tell c father-in-law
o
c follow d next of kin
d bring
u
29 What can she do if her husband has no backbone?
24 This work has kept his name in the public eye. a no second job 24 fhe
a on the radio b no extra income mor
b onTV c is weak and useless a
c in the oress d no backyard
d he was receiving a lot of public attention cl
30 | felt in my bones that something was badly wrong.
25 He has always had a good ear for accents and dialects. a sure without a logical reason
dr
a good hearing b absolutely sure 25 Tak
b good understanding c at a loss al
c ability to interpret and reproduce d a shiver running down my spine ol
d knowledge cl
dt

T
BODY - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I Match the expressions on the left with their definitions on the right.
'Dao 1 to have something on the tip of one's tongue a two peopl.e working together have a better
cnance oI success
on 2 lo pull someone's leg b you had to be courageous to accomplish that
3 to put one's foot in it c to kid, fool or trick someone
4 it took guts to do it d to be generous, sincere, and friendly
5 to pay an arm and a leg for it or e to say something insulting, stupid or hurtful that
to pay through the nose you regret, often by mistake
6 not to have the stomach for it to be on the verge of remembering, to have just
forgotten
7 two heads are better than one s to be very cheeky / disrespectful
8 it takes some neck / gall to try that h just at the worst moment
9 to have a heart of gold I to be unable to do something because you think
it is wrong; to lack courage or determination
'10 into the teeth of a gale to pay too much for something
IT
| | Fill in the gaps with suitable expressi0ns.
Heavy drinking is a strain on the 11 l_, 12 k_, 13 h and mind, as well as being a good way to lose
riends.
f
0rems People in the mountains have short, chunky bodies, and generally smaller 14 e
At the smell of dinner, his 15 m_ watered and his 16 b_ rumbled.
He had his 17 t_ taken out.
She was frozen to the 18 b_; her 19 | were blue, her 20 f_were white, and she shivered constantly.
rtl
||| Cnoose the right meaning 0f these metaphors.
21 The janitor has a skeleton key to all the classrooms. 26 His father shouldered the burden of leadership.
a key specially made to open several locks a accepted the responsibilities and problems
o no Key b took up
c old key c took over
o new Key d gave up
22 | love music. lt is in my blood. 27 Latin used to be the common tongue for much ol
a linheritedaviolin academic Europe.
b it's part of my nature a common proDrem
c I can't do without il b lingua franca
d Inlarr +h6 nirn^ c the only language
d official language
23 They worked their guts out from 6 a.m. to 2.30 p.m.
every day, often all evening and weekend too.
28 He had a nose for news.
a start early and finish late
a problems with his nose
b need much money
b a talent for finding out
na6al6al mnro haln
c put all available time and energy into working ^
o was nosy
rkbone? d forget all
29 He also worked as head of modern languages at
24 The government's hands-off policy caused many a London school.
more oroblems. a n6rcnn rn
^htrd6
a non-intervention b inspector
b big-stick c teacher
wrong.
c short-sighted d played a major role in
d co-ordinated
30 There certainly is a large body of evidence to support
25 Take heart, all is not lost. these claims.
a don't be light{ingered a a strong personality
b pluck up your courage h lrrna .m^r rn+
^f
c kill two birds with one stone c need for
d don't stick your chrn out d clash of

HEALTH Look a1
write tl
Late o
ROUTINE ILLNESSES AND ACCIDENTS forest
a a Now complete the dialogue belween Samantha and her doclor.

I {Fi
conversation and
information below.
Listen to the lollowing
fill in the
/
Doctor: Good morning. What seems to be the problem? E
1. Samantha's illness:
Samantha:
n
I
Doctor: And how long have you been feeling like this?
Samantha:
2. Symptoms: Doctor: Have you been running a fever?
Samantha:
3. How long she's been sick: Doctor: Any nausea or upset stomach?
Samantha:
4. Medicines she's been takino; Doctor: I see. And have vou been takins anvthins for it?
w
l.
Samantha:
Doctor: OK, well, it looks like a minor throat infection, maybe the flu. I'm
5. Has she been to the doctor? going to write you a prescription for some antibiotics. Take them three times
a day after meals for five days. And I'm going to recommend five days' sick
6. Why/why not?
leave. Just stay in bed and get plenty ofrest, and you'll be back in shape in
no time.
Samantha:
t-
Doctor: You're welcome.
Routine lllnesses and Accidents

influenza / flu contag i ous blister paras rtes
sore throat rash c0r0 sore smail p0x
N
I0 sneeze tn cnrrpozp u nimnlp lcer
" v,, | ,v,u u cn0lera
to blow one's nose hay-fever mouth ulcer /
canker sore (US) yellow fever
hrd nhpct / nnr rnh ailergy scrapes, grazes and cuts (skin) snakebite
something goes down the encephalitis sprains and dislocations (joints) i nfestati on
wrong way Lyme disease (transmitted by fractures and breaks (bones) lice / nits
F
to choke ticks) to twist (an ankle) fleas
to swallow a bone illness / sickness / ailment to pull a muscle typhus
indigestion / upset stomach earac h e in plaster (GB) / in a cast (US) typhoid
to burp headache to have the tonsils i adenoids hepatitis
wind / gas mrgrarne taken out jaund ice
to fart / break wind hangover to have / get something in one's malaria
diarrhoea' constipation
food poisoning
being sick / vomiting i
depressr0n
nervous breakdown
JII
li^^^^^
UJJ-I "^l^+î
^+"^^^ UIClIUU UI)UdJU
eye
to cut oneself shaving
to get sunburnt
tubercu los is
rab ies
zoonosis
Itr
throwing up psychosomatic to peel inocu lation
he's got a temperature / diabetes Travellers' problems vaccination / jab(s)
fever slipped disc to take medicine / be on injection / shot
H
loss of appetite sciatica medication (US) preventive medicine
nfecti on physi otherapy dysentery
i hygiene

FIRST AID
Look at the following pictures and make a lisl of words and phrases for each one. Then
write lhe story. You could start like this:
Late one afternoon, Chris was driving on a country road, speeding through the
forest when his wife called him on his mobile...
Y
--.[ \h rh2 t-
l\"&
L. I'm
: times
s'sick
pe in
H0sP I fAL
First Aid
ambu lance
to staunch the flow of blood i (arterial) omornonn\/ drpqcinnc
u, wuu,,,yu
bleed i ng sticking plaster (GB)
accident and emergency department
/ Band-Aid (US)
pressure points gauze
lire brigade (GB) / fire department (US)
electric shock cotton wool
to have an accident
elecirocuti on sc i sso rs
to be involved in an accident 0 rown Ing
tweezers
minor major fatal injury
" '
cardiac arrest / heart attack
artificial respiration / kiss of life / safety pin
mouth-to-mouth
r0urnrquel
to give first aid CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation lifp-qrrnnnrf cvctpm
to stitch co ncuss i on
medical insurance
to bandage burn
to put sb in a splint
' scald
stretcher
arm in a sling Dan 0ag e
. HEALTH. 149
DISABILITIES
I
I Which ol the following aids lor people with disabilities
have you seen? What are they called?
1t'
Where
What
Do the
rir Tf
fil-iill
A,l
TlJ
\
il
flti/l ll
:i
uff ufl
dry-
{
$
Disabilities
mentally or physicaliy Braille crutc nes
blind handicapped closed-caption television Zimmer ({rame)
deaf the disadvantaged / seeing-eye dogs white canes
dumb / mute (US) hand icapped hearing aids rumble strip
deaf-and-dumb (GB) / in a wheelchair sounding traflic lights ramps
deaf-mute (US) sign language ifts
text-phones I
crippled with rheumatism t0 srgn hand les wheelchair lilts
lro,more information on the following text see Exercise 2 on page 152.
II tllttltrrrrrrrr:ttlll!::lt!lrrrrrlr:tltI:lI:Iltll!tllll II
I I
I If there's one thing I hate more than anything in the world, "What do I have to do?" I asked, feeling a little bit like
I
I
I it's hiccups. They're so annoying. I always get them when a guinea pig in a scientil'ic experiment. I
I I'm out at a pub or after I've had a heavy meal, and once
t
I have them, I can't get rid of them for hours. Or at least, ," instructed Beppino. It
I
I that's the way it used to be, until Now letitout. Now I
another deep breath. Yes, good." I
I
showed me a fool-proof cure for the hiccups. T
I r
I We were sitting at the table after having finished a large I've already tried this, I thought as I repeated the deep
I meal, and I was just about to light a cigarette when it started. breathing five or six times. It always seems like it's helping,
I I
I My friend, Beppino, smiled and said, "You have the hiccups, but the minute I stop breathing deeply the hiccups come
r don't you?" back. I didn't want to offend my guest, however, and I was I 8r
I I
t curious about what he was going to do with the glass of I
I "Yes," I replied. "It always happens to me when I've finished wine, so I
continued. After breathing for two or three
I eating." I
minutes, Be ppino took the glass and said, "Good, now I d
q
I
I exhale, yes. I
I " ofl'ered I
Allof it! DON'T STOP! GOOD!"
I
f Beppino.
I
m
I
I Beppino was getting incredibly excited watching me gulp I
I Yeah, sure, I thought. I've tried everything. There is no
down a half-litre of wine, and I was wondering if he was :
I cure for the hiccups. I
just pulling my leg. I was also getting so sick that I wondered ,0,
I I |
I
I Beppino seemed to see the scepticism on my face. "No, if Beppino's cure consisted of making me drink so much
I I wail
a
!
really," he insisted. ." Before that I would have to throw up. But I drank the whole glass,
gasped for air, and waited. And waited. And waited. It was
t
I
II oen
aPP
I
I ecould say anything, he rushed into the kitchen and came
I
I
I
back with a large glass filled with a delicious red wine he a miracle! My hiccups were gone!
I
t
II oral
onn
had brought from ltaly. "This only works with red wine,"
T
T he said. "Beer is no good. Too many, how do you say,
"You see," smiled Beppino. "It works every time." I
I I nrac
T bubbles, yes?" And he was ris.ht. Every time. I I falsr
t
I
lt llI:ltllrrrrarrrrltl||llllllltarrrrrrralllrt::l:alllrrrrrt
I
I
t'',
TEETH AND THE DENTIST
I rl
I Have you ever done a survey similar to the one below?
I Are youafraid ol the dentist? What scares you most?
Where would you probably find such a survey? ls there anything you like about going to the dentist?
What is your opinion on these surveys?
Do lhey really show the truth? at
1l Your friend, who is very lrightened of going to the
dentist, has to have some major dental work done. Give
him some tips about how to relax at lhe dentisl.
How would you rate your overall dental

hygiene? { tu, the lollowing sentences in the right order.
a excellent
M b
c
very good
average Primary teeth differ from permanent teeth in being
d poor smaller, having more pointed cusps, being whiter
e terrible and more prone to wear, and having reiatively large
When was the last time you visited the dentist? pulp chambers and small, delicate roots.
a
l
within the last six months The tirst set of teeth are called primary, or
b between six months and one year ago
c between one and two years ago deciduous. ones. and the second set are calied
d between two and five years ago permanent ones.
e longer than five years ago
The primary teeth are shed when their roots are
How often do you brush your teeth? resorbed as the permanent teeth push toward the
a after every meal mouth cavity in the course of their growth.
b after waking up and before going to sleep
c once a day d Humans have 20 primary and 32 perrnanent teeth.
d infrequently
e The primary teeth begin to appear about six months
How often do you floss your teeth? after birth, and the primary dentition is complete by
a once a day age 2 112; shedding begins about age 5 or 6 and is
tllll b every once in a while
c hardly ever or never finished by age 13.
hit tit o r
How often do you rinse with mouthwash? Like most other mammals, humans have two
I
I
a every time you brush your teeth successive sets of teeth durine life.
'onino. I b when you wake up in the morning
I c hardly ever or never
tt.Now r
I Do you eat a lot of fried foods or sweets?
[] ves I tlo
re deep I Do your gums sometimes bleed when eating
.-:
relping, r
apples or other hard foods? [l Yes f] tlo
s come .
rdlwas r Are your teeth sensitive to temperature and
+ass or r pressure?i-lYes f]tlo
rr three r
d. now r
I
I
ne gulp
he was I Teeth and the Dentist
I
rndered I to study stomatology teeth
to brush one's wisdom teeth
: much I waiting room dental floss gum abscess
e giass,
I
dental nurse plaque to crown a tooth / have a tooth capped
. It was I
:
appoiniment tooth decay to fit (or be fitted for) a bridge
oral surgeon cavity i caries loose tooth
T
orthodontist drill bad teeth
I braces filling toothache
false teeth i dentures extraction
t
t gvgrrngea arveoraris
I oral hygiene to have a tooth out / have a tooth pulled (US) pus
I
Ittr I
. HEALTH. 151
MEDICINES AND TREATMENTS
I Look at the pictures 0l medicines on the right. Say what
I I Sext
each medicine is, and then make sentences saying when issue a
you would use these medicaments. Can you think ol any who ha
other ways to treat the respective health problems? diseast
Example: soc ietr
When I have a headache, I take two aspirin and lie g0vernl
down for a while. lf I had the time, it would be betler to are ther
go for a walk instead of taking medicine. people
.r
/ Working in pairs, one person looks at this text, and the Se
other looks at the text 0n page 150. Both texts contain the vene
inlormation that is missing lrom the other one. Take turns g0n(
asking each other questions until you have all ofthe missing a
inlormation. qvnl-
wlY'
rrlttrtrllrrllrrrtllllrrtrrrrlltlllrllrrrrtrlttltrtrltrlttl
a
! If th"r"'r one thing I hate more than anything in the world, " I asked, r herp
r it's hiccups. They're so annoying. I always get them feelingalittlebitlikeaguineapiginascientificexperiment. r fung
I when , and
r once I have them, I can't get rid of them fbr hourr Or at "OK, take a deep breath," instructed Beppino. "Now hold I
of
least, that's the way it used to be, until an ltalian friend it in
as long iis you can. Now let it out, good. Now another r
! good."
I mine showed me a fbol-proof cure fbr the hiccups. deep breath. Yes, I
] We were sitting at the table aller a large meal, and I was I've already tried this, I thought as I repeated the deep I
! .;ust about to when it starled. My breathing five or six times.
I
$',0
r friend, Beppino, smiled and said, "You have the hiccups, I didn't want to offend my guest, however, and I was curious r probler
! aon't youi't about what he was going to do with the glass of wine, so ! so, in
I I continued. After breathing for two or three minutes, : steps i
r "Yes," I replied. "It always happens to me when I've Beppino took the glass and said, "Good, now exhale, yes. r c0mbal
r-Ilnlsneo eatrng.
,
Letall of the airout ofyourlungs. Now drink the *in"inU I
r the sle;
r of it! DON'T STOP! GOOD!" I
r "I can show you a way to get rid of them," off'ered Beppino. T
Beppino was getting incredibly excited watching me gulp ! {'n,

! Veah, sure, I thought down a half'-litre of wine. and I was wonderins if he was r the art
justpulling.myleg'Iwasalsogettingsosickthatlwondered the par
I s.ppino seemed to see the scepticism on my face. "No, ! you
if Beppino's cure consisted of miking me drink so much r th
! r.iry," he insisted. "It works every time." Before I could that I would have to throw up' But I drank the wholeglass, might I
r say anything, he rushed into the kitchen und .u-. bo.k !
r with a larse slass filled with a delicious red wine he had gasped for air, and waited' And waited' And waited' It was r
miracle! My hiccups were gone! I
I broueht riotinlu. "This only works with red wine," he a
5 ,n,
r said. "Beer is no good. Too many, how do you say, bubbles, "You see," srniled Beppino. "It works every tinre. ,, 1 the inf
I .-,, T
r yesi
And he was right. Every time.
I come u
r T debate
rlrtrrtllrrrrrrlllrtltrrrrlllttrratrltlalrltrtlrllrtrrrrlrr
Medicines and Treatments

p rescri pti on painkillers alternatrve medicine Mental problems / Diseases
d rugs sedatives herbal medlcine neurosis
med icines sleeping pills neaters psycn0srs
nervous disorder Hart
pharmaceuticals aspr In holistic medicine
pills paran0ia opiu
pen icillin acupuncture
sch izophrenia m0r
tablets side-effect massage
capsu les i nteracti on ch i ropractic mania herc
ointment long{erm effect aromatherapy manic depressive c0cu
lotion drug trlals / clinical trials osteopathy se n ility metl

drops animal testing hypnosis Alzheimer's disease
garg le allopathic nedicine meditation
tranquilliser so lv
antibiotics stimulant
homeopathic medicine

STDs AND DRUG ABUSE
I 1l
I Sexually transmitted diseases are an emotionally charged / In small groups, draw up a proposal for your local
issue and people olten have quite dilferent views on people government's new campaign to fight STDs.
who have them than they do on people who have other Present this proposal to the class and compare it with
m diseases. What is the attitude of the various segments of other groups' suggestions.
t:) society in your country (e.9. religious sectors, the
1;r
government, schools, etc.) towards STDs? What programs
are lhere to help people who have these diseases orto prevenl
people from contracting them?
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

venereal disease (VD) AIDS (Acquired lmmune- one-night stand n0m0sexual
gonorrhoea (the clap / Deficiency Syndrome) prostitute / whore gay
a dose) HIV (Human lmmune-Deficiency pimp lesbian
syph ilis Virus) passive immunity epidemic
lttl hepatitis B safe sex help lines pandemic
nerpes condom drug addict / junkie
;ked, r sex education
nent. r fungal infections promiscuity heterosexual needle (syringe)
, ,,1
I]OIO I
r
other
I
I at
A lIUElY DTBATE OlI IIRUGS jail
deep Last night's televised debate and not sentences. he to children, companng itto the
af ls Orug abuse a serious over the drug problem in continuously used Holland as use ofalcohol and tobacco by
nous r
-.: ll
problem in your country? Britain eventually turned into an example of a better children and waning tlrat...
so r
Le. so, in what way? What a shouting match as the alternative, saying that...
T
steps ate being taken to A somewhat comical note
utes, r participants voiced their strong
Buckley was interrupted was struck in the debate
, yes.
r combat this problem? Are and often differing opinions on
;^,, I several times by Capt. John when a young man dressed
)lAll 1 the steps elfective? the topic. The debate was Stewart of the Liverpool
in faded jeans and a fie-dye
called in response to a fast- Police Department, who
: T-shirt began asking a long
SuIP
,l
r l| ln small groups, read gmwing petition campaign in denied that Holland's drug
favourof establishing a Dutch-
and surprisingly intelligent
r the ailicle and complete policies had led to less drug series of questions about
:was style system of decrimina-
, ,r
rlrLu the paragraphs wilh what addiction in that country. marijuana, until finally
I lisation and controlled distri- Stressing the danger to the a chair was brought out tbr
nuch r you think each person
! bution of drugs. public if drugs should become
rlass. might have said. him and he joined the panel
-a legal, he ridiculed Buckley's
twas I The campaign's organiser, J.D. ofdebaters. The young man.
F Buckley, a psychiatrist who campaign for... Martin Blank, protested that
! In groups ol four, use
has spent years studying drug Another participant in the debate marijuana as well as other
the information you have
addiction, claimed that the was Janet Homely of the "recreational drugs" should
come up with to act out the
"War on Drugs" has failed. Children's Defence League. not be placed into the same
...1 debate.
Insisting that drug addicts were Homely fircused on the message category as hard drugs,
victims who needed treatment thatlegalising drugs would send insisting that...
I
^""^" I
Drug Abuse
Powerful drugs that alter Less powerful and dangerous methadone
Hard drugs perception and may be very "recreational" drugs methadone programme
0prum disturbing (hal lucinogens) nasn to be addicted to / hooked on
I m0 rpn Ine LSD (acid) grass/pot/marijuana
II heroi n Legal drugs
ecstasy (E)
Addiction alcohol
cocaine (crack) / coke psilocybin (from mushrooms)
I0 sn00t up tobacco
methylamphetamine (Pervitin liberty cap i
magic mushroom
/ speed) withdrawal symptoms prescription drugs
mescaline (from cactus)
solvents to cut back / go cold turkey
. HEALTH. 153
OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS
I 'l tr*
I Read the following comments and say which illnesses or
disorders they are describing. try to al
"I'm finally out of the "Oh, God, it must have "Well, basically I have an "Well, I got the results of aWh
hospital, so I guess that's been something I ate imbalance in my blood the tests, and it looks like SOIT
good. The doctor told me yesterday, maybe that sugar levels, and it's it's malignant, so they're bwh
I'll have to wear the cast pizzal had for lunch, but quite serious. If I don't going to have to operate
for
for a few months, but just around five o'clock keep an eye on it and take to remove it. But what
I already want it off. My I started to feel really care of myself, it could really worries me is the c Hor
skin itches so badly, sick. I just managed to be fatal. So I have to test chemotherapy. And,
d Mal
especially when I start to get home from the office my blood-sugar level I mean, I just can't stand
onl
sweat, and I can't get and I made straight for several times a day, and the thought of being
anything in there to the bathroom. I must then give myself shots of pumped up with all of
I to,n
scratch it. And I just can't have thrown up for insulin to regulate the that radiation. I just
get used to walking on hours, I thought it would level when it gets too remember my father and
crutches..." never end..." low..." how nauseous and weak
he felt, and ashamed to
rl go out in public once his
An
/Wrile some similar comments about another illness hair fell out..."
and write the name of the illness on the back ol the paper. WCCKS,
Then pass the papers ar0und the room and try to guess F Each sti
the illnesses from the descriplions. { Put the lollowing story ! wnicn of the following
special r
about a child having illnesses have you or

The
at tonsillitis into the correct someone else you know
il Wnicn of these illnesses are children's diseases? order. had? Compare your list the devr
What parts of the body do these illnesses affect? Which with a partner and tell the infa
of them can y0u get vaccinated against? Which ones have and I spent the each other about how you formed.
to be treated only after you are ill with them? next wbek at home felt, how long you were cravingr
constlpatlon chickenpox
- recovering. ill, etc. pickles;
scarlet fever whooping cough

_ I first started the new
feeling sick mother.
pneumonia typhoid measles
flu throat infection
_ My throat felt sore Asl
mumps
mumps diarrhoea _ and I was having weeks)
trouble scarlet fever The mor
cholera polio swallowing.
German measles now apt
tuberculosis indigestion _ at school one day. (rubella) lb.) by tf
appendicitis allergy
Mv mother let me chickenpox
headache measles stdy home I'rom
hepatitis school for a few whooping cough
fbod
poisoning ulcer days, glandular fever /
mononucleosis / mono
_ It wasn't all bad,
though-Igotto diphtheria
eat all the ice
cream I wanted for acne $,n o,
a whole week! vitamin deficiency
but mv throat appendicitis I
I
Pr,
swelled up even
further. tonsillitis I conc
I she's
_ and he said that I polio I she's

had tonsillitis. I
I
mate
_ They operated on I morr

me the next day, I ante
_ | "whe
We went to the
doctor, Lit
PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
I
I Belore reading the text about ptegnancy and childbirth,
try to answer the lollowing questions.
;ults of a What cravings do pregnant women a developing baby
,ks like sometimes have and why? premature baby tightening of the muscles
2
lhey're of around the uterus
b What is the most crucial time of pregnancy c0ntracti0ns
the series of contractions
)perate for the developing baby? trimester
t what which pushes the baby
labour out through the birth
r is the c How long does labour usually last?
foetus I canal
And,
t stand
d Match the words on the left to the definitions a stage of pregnancy
on the right. a baby born early
being
all of
tr
I Now read the text and check your answers.
I just
PW$E@NFMdY
rer and
l weak
ned to
nce his
A normal pregnancy lasts about 9 months, or 39 its internal organs and muscles through the second and
weeks, after the beginning of the last menstrual period. third trimesters, until it is ready to come out into the world.
Each stage of pregnancy, called a trimester, has its own Childbirth usually happens after the 36th week of
llowing
sDecial characteristics. pregnancy. Some babies, however, are born prematurely,
0r
The first trimester of pregnancy is the most critical for or before this time. These babies can often face serious
know
the developing foetus, because it is during this period that health problems, as they are born before their bodies have
r list
the infant's brain, arms, legs, and internal organs are fully developed. Childbirth begins with irregular contractions
tell
0w you formed. During this time, some women experience strange that begin to force the baby out of the uterus and through
/l,ere cravings for unusual substances such as ice, clay, or the birth canal. These contractions, called labour, increase
oickles: this condition is often related to a lack of iron, as in frequency and intensity as the process continues. First-
'13
the new baby takes the nutrients it needs to grow from its time mothers are usually in labour for to 14 hours, while
mother. women who have previously given birth are usually in
As the pregnancy enters the second trimester, (12-24

labour only 8 or t hours.
weeks) these symptoms subside while new ones arise. Finally, the baby is expelled from the womb, usually
The most noticeable one is weight-gain; most physicians head first, and starts breathing air, resulting in the baby's
now approve of a gain of about 9 to 12 kg (about 221o26 first cry, a sound which will become familiar to its parents
lb.) by the end of pregnancy. The foetus continues to form in the vears to come.
#WKEPWKWffiffi
't.l In pairs, speak about what you've been told about your own birth 0r some births in your family.
'J
Pregnancy and Childbirth midwife
c0 nceptr 0 n labour pains m I scarrage
sne s pregnanl to give birth to abortion
she's expecting (a baby) to have a baby premature birth
maternity clothing postnatal depression / postpartum Caesarean birth / delivery
morning sickness obstetric ian forceps delivery
ante-natal clinic / classes maternity ward epidural
"when are you (is it) due?" natural childbirth induced birth
to go into labour home birth confi nement
. HEALTH. 155
HEALTH PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I OeciOe which of the following expressions collocates with HEALTH (a) and which with DISEASE (b). I Dec
1 to transmit 7 is failing
1
2
2 to have 8 hereditary
3
3 chronic 9 to be in good
4
4 prone to 10 susceptibility to
5
5 f ragile 11 took a turn for the worse
6
6 to suffer from 12 to neglect
|| fnrse words are used metaphorically in the gapped sentences. Place them appropriately. ll'''
INFECTIOUS/CONTAGIOUS ILLS CRIPPLING SICI(AILING UNHEALTHY
SYMPTOMS PARALYSED PAIN
13 Organised crime is now taking a(n) interest in computer fraud. 13
14 Politicians are now being blamed for all the of society 14
15 The fact is that we are dealing with a(n) economy here. 15
16 His speech was a success; and what's more, his enthusiasm seems to be 16
17 There were other of decline. 17
18 His economic reforms brouoht more than progress. 18
19 Last summer many travel agencies suffered a blow. 19
20 The latest events left the countrv with a government unable to react quickly.
lll tr*n the following explessions in the left column with their meanings 0n the light. lll'
21 PWA a any taboo medical condition (e.9. truancy) 21
22 syndrome (e.9. School Phobia Syndrome) b to feel unwell 22

23 shrink i head shrinker c nearly blind 23
24 visually challenged / handicapped d cancer (the language of obituary notices) 24
25 hearing impaired / hard of hearing e dead 25
26 leet first t the consequence of negligence 26
27 long illness g psychiatrist 27
28 (therapeutic/surgical) misadventure h partly deaf 28
29 partially sighted I people living with AIDS, AIDS victims 29
30 to feel funny / have a funny tummy j blind 30
HEALTH _ AND MORE PRACTICE...
I OeciOe which of the following expressions collocates with HEALTH (a) and which with DISEASE (b).
1 to affect 7 deteriorated
2 broke down 8 incapacitated by
3 broke out 9 to be in bad
4 contagious 10to look after
5 fatal 11to die of
6 to inoculate sb against 12to wipe out
IT
|| These words are used metaphorically in the gapped sentences. Place them appropriately.
PAINFUL HEALTHY HEADACHE DEADLY BBUISED

FATAL CANCER JAUNDICED
13 After his criticism there were also a few egos and broken hearts.
14 The concept of equality is the basis of a society.
15 I like to cook and I love eating and that's a combination.
16 His reports are always accurate and reliable but boring.
17 The transition to market economv will be slow and
18 We have to fight against racism. lt is a sweeprng across turope.
19 The biggest for teachers is testing the students.
20 What you usually get, is just a view of a society.
|| | *t,rn the lollowing expressions in the left column with their meanings 0n the right.
ancy) 21 happy event a near death / very old

22 facts (of life) b to die
23 feed the fishes c the human process of reproduction
rces) 24 one foot in the grave d the birth of a child
25 smear e a test for cervical cancer
26 throw up t a weak heart
27 coronary insufficiency / heart condition (f cancer (medical jargon)
28 Lucy in the sky with diamonds h haemorrhoids
29 mitotic disease I to vomit
30 Emmas, piles j LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
. HEALTH. 157
SPORT I
ARCHI
toc
tos
bov
rar(
1 bov
I Are you a sportsperson? Which is your tavourite sport?
Interview at leasl two other people and lind out the lollowing inlormation. BADMI
r0s
What are their f'avourite summer and winter sports?
I0r
Do they prefer indoor or outdoor sports? tie-l
bad
How many hours per week / month do they spend playing them? net
ligh
What sports do they like watching on TV?
snu
rl BASEE
lLook at the lollowing symbols and give the names ol the sports you recognize. Try to toh
lind the names for the sports you do not know in English 0n lhe lollowing page. Talk to to tl
your partner or teacher about those you cannot name. r0p
I0c
bat
E MHKMM
batt
cak
b.g
b. fi
BASKE
tob
m MHffiMru
tod
t0 1r
tos
bac
b.h
neI
M
0. cl
f\h,l tftl WWKH

FHI BOXINI
r0p
toh
to tt
I0 Ui
ffit
b.g
ffirumm
b. tr
nng
W l@ CANOI
canl
Kayi
w re ffiffiKffi
P4u
slalr
I
to cl

Sports in the Modern Summer Olympic Games
ARCHERY CYCLING / BICYCLING / GYMNASTICS PENTATHLON
to draw a bow BIKING sports gymnastics originally: jumping,
to shoot I0 race (men and women): running, wrestling,
bow and arrow bicycle / bike floor exercise: throwing the discus,
target r0a0 races maI and hurling the spear
bowstring track or velodrome races knee bend or javelin
oftroad mountain bike somersault nowadays: the contest
BADMINTON races
cartwheel includes pistol
handstand shooting, fencing,
i0 serve youth BMX races
headstand swrmmrng, an
to return helmets
pommel horse, vault,
padded gloves and equestrian event, and
tie-break rings, parallel bars,
shorts cr0ss-c0unIry runnrng
badminton court horizontal bar,
neI stiff-soled shoes uneven bars, balance
lightweight rackets g0ggres ROWING
0eam
shuttlecock to ride / cycle rhythmic sports to pull one oar
gymnastics to face the stern
BASEBALL DIVING (only women): mat, rope, to steer the boat
to dive a hoop, a ball, clubs cox(swain)
to hit
to throw competitive diving and a ribbon to pull a pair of oars -
takeoff floor exercise - judged sculling
to pitch on composition and
to catch springboard
execution
l
bat to go diving TARGET SHOOTING
batting helmet to go snorkelling to aim
TEAM HANDBALL
catcher's mask scu0a to fire a pistol / gun
an indoor court game
b. glove a rifle
EQUESTRIAN SPORTS to throw
b. field bull's-eye
pass
n0rse small-bore
dribble
BASKETBALL rider high-power events
catch
to bounce dressage
00unce
t
to dribble show jumping SWIMMING
hold or strike the ball
to travel and three-day swimsuit / bathing suit
to shoot eventing JUDO bathing cap
backboard obstacles goggles
adapted from traditional
b. hoop hurdles can you do the crawl
Japanese martial art,
neI steeplechase breaststroke
means "gentle way"
b. court to throw or pin the backstroke
FENCING butterfly
opponent on the mat
BOXING foil to apply holds sidestroke
d
6p6e and sabre 4 minutes for women and freestyle
to punch
mask / visor 5 minutes for men starting block
to hit below the belt
to score touches to score an ippon swimming lane
to throw in the towel
6p6e fencing is one of medley race
-l to win on points
b. gloves
b. trunks
the five events in the
modern pentathlon
jacket
Ir0users
no socks or shoes
reray
flng belts of different colours TABLE TENNIS

FIELD HOCKEY
table
d CANOEING ball MARATHON lightweight celluloid ball

sticks running event and small rackets
can0e
shirts and shorts traditionally the longest often called bats or
kayak
or skirts race,42 km to duplicate paddles
paddles
mouth and shin guards the distance run by to hold
slalom and wildwater
goalkeepers a Greek soldier from the to hit
canoeing and
face guards town of Marathon to to miss the ball
kayaking
ano groves Athens in 490 BC to
n
to touch the net
to commit a fault
umprres bring the news of a umpire
timekeepers and Greek victory over the net ball
sc0reKeepers Persians
. SPORT. 159
edge ball VOLLEYBALL barbell - a steel rod to stern
strokes which plates (also life-jacket
court
to serve called disks) of sailing or running before
high net
to return volleyball
different weights may
be attached by
the wind
sailing off the wind
1tn
t0 serve that are
ATHLETTCS (GB)/ TRACK to hit
means of clamps fixed keel Which r
AND FIELD (US) called spin-lock MASI part of

to return the ball
c0llars wishbone ancien
spikes to rotate / move
snatch
running shoes clockwise anythinr
clean and jerk soccER
"on your marks, get set, referee that is r
ditferent classes
go!" scorer field (US)
according to body
on the starting blocks umpire (association) football /
to jump the gun line judges; spikers
weight
football pitch (GB) /
inside outside lanes blockers - single or strip ^,,tl
match
'
dash / sprint multiple blocks WRESTLING shin-guards paragra
sprinter freestyle: holds below the kick-off
hurdling WATER POLO waist and the use of direct free kick
middle-distance run the legs to foul
to shoot / hold a ball
distance run netted goals
Graeco-Roman : tripping, obstruction a Thr
long-distance runner tackling and using the penalty
goalie bWa
relay legs to secure a hold throw-in
pool
a{nanlnahaan
Dr.vuPrnr/r rdntr referee, goal judge
are not permitted; goal kick c The
walk attempt either to to dribble
d Ket
timekeeper
high jump throw the opponent to r0 pass
recorder
pole vault to impede movement
the mat or to use to tackle e Est
long jump holds to drop him to to shoot
penalties
triple jump the mat to hit the post
shot put cr0ss0ar
WEIGHTLIFTING
discus/hammer/javeli n SAILING goalkeeper / goalie
throw to lift metal weights offside
decathlon and heptathlon encased in rubber
sailboat
referee
$'ntn
00w that me
linesmen
1wa
Sports in the Winter Olympics 2 spr
pr(
3 ide
SKIING snowboarding skaters speed skating spi
long sticks skates pa
Alpine
puck skale-guards
downhill s. BIATHLON
protective pads figure-skating:
4 cal
slalom combined cross-
helmets compulsories R 6rr
giant slalom country skiing and
thick gloves individuals de
combined event rifle-shooting
referee free skating
ski boots
linesmen pairs skating 6 tra
bindings BOBSLEDDING tel
face-off / throw-in ice dancing
p0res
sledge (GB)/sled (US) attacking zone 7he
steep slopes
twisting courses on offside LUGE tml
ski{ow
hillsides icing
ski-lift a racing toboggan on
T-bar lift
glare ice cross-check
which riders lie on their
8 an'
to push the sledge hat trick col
chair lift backs. descending feet a
forward sudden-death overtime
gondola lift first
cable car I aerial
to leap into position penalties - holding, foL
to "bob" the sledge tripping, slashing inc
tramway (US) alk
captain with the stick
funicular
braker power play
Nordic
shootout
tha
cross-country s.
ICE HOCKEY 10 cor
WAX
ski jumping goal nets ICE SKATING the
free-style skiing playing area rink

THE OLYMPICS
g before
I FROM ATHENS TO LONDON
I Try to list all ol the activities
nd that are part ol the 0lympics today.
Which of them do you think were 1 In 1896, a French nobleman named Pierre de Coubertin welcomed
part of the original Olympics in
n
athletes from thirteen countries to compete in the l-irst Olympic Games in
ancient Greece? Was there Athens. Of course, this event was not the first of its kind. Rather, it was
anything in the original 0lympics modelled on the ancient Greek Olympic Games held between city states
that is missing loday? during the 'Golden Age' of Greece. The modern version of the games,
rtball / at however, is very different from the original ones.
(GB) I Read the following text and
2 The original Olympics, in fact, had
match the appropriate title to each n
pa rag ra ph. very little to do with spofts at all. Of all the
games held throughout Greece, those staged
at Olympia in honour of Zeus are the most
f'amous. The records of the earliest Olympics,
a The rebirth of a fadition which took place in 7768C, show that there
b War and conflict in the Games was only one sporting event at all: a foot race
c The success of the Games of about 180 meters. In these early
competitions, the emphasis was more on
d Keeping the Games fair
cultural activities such as music and theatre.
e Establishing the tradition It was only in the l8th Olympics, when the
warlike Spartans began participating, that
many sporting activities such as wrestling, discus throwing, and chariot racing
began to become more important than the cultural aspects of the competitions.
llie
The Olympics continued to play an impofiant role in Greek society until 393
$ ,n, text opposite find a word
AD, when the Roman emperor Theodosius I outlawed them because their
that'nmeans:
pagan nature clashed with the Christian ideology of the Empire.
1 was formed in imitation of
3n Today, the Olympic Games have nothing to do with honouring
special impodance or gods. Rather, they are inspired by the ideal that friendly non-violent
prominence attached to st competition can foster respect and understanding between nations. In some
identifying divinity or respects, the Olympics have been successful at this. Almost all of the
spirituality in nature; world's countries compete regularly in the event, and every four years the
pantheistic games move to another city, thus allowing its parricipants to come in contact
A
came into conflict
with different cultures. The Olympics have also become incredibly popular
thanks to advances in technolosv that now allow the sames to be broadcast
5 promote the growth or live across the planet.
dorrolnnmont nf
transmit by radio or
4n But the games have also had their share of problems. One of them
television has been the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes in the Olympics.
To counter this, the Intemational Olympics Committee has set up a team of
heightening, intensifying or
doctors who check players for steroids and other drugs in their blood. Several
improving the quality
athletes have been stripped of their medals because of drug use.
an 0n
any of a group of organic
on their
compounds with 5
fl The spirit of non-violent competition has also been disrupted by
ing feet
a characteristic structure ol intemational politics. The PLO murdered Israeli athletes in Munich 1972,
four rings of carbon atoms, and many countries have boycotted the games on numerous occasions: in
including many hormones,
1976, thirty-three African countries refused to take part in the Olympics kr
alkaloids, and vitamins
protest against apartheid in South Africa, and the United States and the
t have been deprived of Soviet Union traded boycotts in the 1980s, with the US and its allies refusing
10 combined in refusing to join to participate in the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow, and the USSR and its
the Games as punishment allies doing the same in the 1984 Summer Games in Los Angeles. These
problems just go to show that although the Olympic Games reflect some of
our loftiest ideals thev also reflect some of our worst conflicts.
. SPORT. 161
WINTER SPORTS
I
I How good a skier are you? ll
you ski, tell a partner about your
It was about 1l a.m. on a bright
February morning when we finally
1is
descril
lirst time on skis. ll you have never
been skiing, discuss some other arrived at our ski 1
Why c
activi$ that you have learned and ready forour 2_. Being What l
the lirst time you tried it (e.9.
surling, roller skating, riding a terribly excited, I immediately Was hr
bicycle, etc.). jumped out and sta rted trying to

at get the skis off of the ski Now gi
I now read the text and lill the
All of my suited
gaps with the words below:
friends, however, went to the side
slope / piste of the road and started picking up Ke

skis handluls of snow. muttering to keep
hard-packed to lil
each other in low voices. As benc
lodge
po les
I picked up a handful of snow, 0ar0
I ift I realised why they all looked so

ticket / ski pass / lift pass worried. It was 4__________,
snowpl0ugh
snow that had been melted by
RE,
cr0ss-c0untry
rack a warm spell and then frozen
downhill again. Not exactly the perfect The fol
skiing holiday conditions fbr my first attempt at 5 for var
namesl
I was determined to try, however. taking
and a half hour later I was sittins at the I
at bottom of a threatening ski 6 trying to get used to standing

I
.t Rtter filling in the gaps, read

on skis. My first disaster came at the ski 7 I showed the
the text again and underline words
and phrases that you want to operator my 8 and, when it was finally my turn, he grabbed
remember.
a little rope and shoved it between my legs. I was jerked up the slope, and
made it about fifteen feet befbre I fell off and slid back down to the bottom.
{ *.,r',
the story from the text in
your own words. Use as many of It took fbur embarrassing tries before I finally managed to stay up until the
the words you inserted as possible.
top.
F Once at the top, I wished I had never tried. I

off, trying to
pushed
! Write a short paragraph (100
words maximum) describing a 9 as my friends had taught me, keeping my
different lirsl attempt at skiing, 10 pointing inward in a little v, but I instantly realised
using the same vocabulary again.
Then read it to your partner. I had no control over where and how fast I was going. I lost both of my
11 hit two trees and one old ladv. and fell down countless
times before I reached the bottom with a twisted knee and a wide range of
bruises and scrapes. My friends encouraged me to keep trying, but I just
shook my head and walked off to the pub, stopping to throw my useless
lift ticket in the rubbish can. Next time, I thought, I'll try
T2 skiing instead.

KEEPING FIT
1 6 ,---r
I {83} You will hear the first parl ol a recording in which the speaker f, iBl Listen to the second part
describes his attempts at keeping lit. of the recording.
Why did the speaker start exercising? Does the speaker mention any of
What kind of exercise did he begin with? the sports you suggested?
Was he happy with it? Why / why not? Which sport does he finally
decide on and why?
Now give the speaker some advice on what kind of sport would be better
.: suited lor him and why, using some of the phrases lrom the box below.
.=
Keeping Fit
keep-fit cenire (GB) / fitness center (US) callisthenics s rt-u ps
iron
to lift weights / pump aerobics push-ups
hennh nress / nress 25 kilnnrams
/ y'uuu Lv '\r've exercise bike star jumps / jumping jacks (US)
barbel ls
RECREATIONAL SPORTS
The following is a list of equipment

lor various sporls. Whal are their
names? Talk about those you enjoy
g at the
taking part in.
tanding
tennis racquet
jogging shoes
ved the roller skates
pabbed sledge / sled
parachute (sky-diving)
pe, and
saddle (equitation)
)ottom. f risbee
ntil the pool stick
squash racquet
skateboard
walking shoes
/lng to dartboard
lg my fishing rod
'ealised swimming costume
bat
Lofmy snowm0bile
runtless wet suit
water skis
ange of
surfboard
rt I just mallet (croquet)
useless raft
aqualung and f lippers
'll try
cramp0ns
caddy H?'o
. SPORT. 163
PROFESSIONAL SPORT
Read th
I
I Athletes in many sports such as
SKI']
tennis and gymnastics start training
at a very early age and devote a
I
large part of their lives to their sport. str
What are your feelings on this of
matter? Should minors be banned co
lrom playing in the 0lympics and in
le
prolessional sports?
in
at an
/ Read the passage and discuss pl

Julie's situalion. ls this a common re
situalion in your country? Do you know pr
anyone who is in a similar situation? afl
ev
ar hc
.l In groups of five or six, take turns
giving 1tl
Julie advice on what she
pe
should do, lrom several diflerent
'i\
ag doesn't have much time left for other activities. points of view. TI
Z.tl. Her bo-vl'riend. Jason. is verv understandins and -\ Possible roles: Julie, Jason, trainer,
ffi n.u.1 ,.i,- n",. openty rhar he *;;.;-r;;";;; &

Y)
school friend, skating friend, parents,
sp0ns0r.
Wi
\ spend more time with him rather than on tt-t. i... at

Act out what differenl combinations
B but she knows he's a bit unhappy about how little ,{/ of these people might say to each
SC
at they see each other. She has also got out of toucn (J; olher, e.g. mother - trainer, school
hTwi of
p00fi with all of her old friends. They are much rnore $$S{ - friend - sponsor.
into going out to dances and movies and all

"f htffi
n\N.^{\ ea
!sff( those other "normal teenager" things. Julie has ryWl { Try to imagine lhat you are a parent w
|tit( already been wondering if she shouldn't try to O"
ol a promising ten-year-old swimmer. th
ltt{( m Your partner wants her to pursue a o\
)0tt{ more of a "normal teenager", and if she decides
)fil{ profesional career. She herself is very br
)tt0( to ffy out for the olympic team, she'lI have fond ol competing but has other talents ar
$ll "',r",t lllfi as well. Actually, she is good at almosl p(
anything that comes her way...
F (k
! Roleplay ayour
partner
discussion with your
SN
about daughter's future.
ot
Professional Sport gold medal ban ar

world record suspension kr
sportsman
champ i on TV revenues OI
sportswoman
io be a good / bad loser excrusrve cOverage pl
to take part in a sport
coach / trainer A
to cheat / not to play fair Giving advice
transfer fee Er
amateur / non-professional I advise you to..
qualifying matches
pturu)Jiurldr v )ildil rdruul
^"^{^^î^^^t,,^h^'-^+îi,', Take my advice and .. bc
needle match (GB)i grudge match (US)
anabolic steroids
a 'friendly'
between A and B (GB)
You should / ought to
/ a non-
muscle mass conference match (US)
You'd better (not)..
beta blockers home (field) advantage lf I were you I'd .. o1
to fail a drug test Don't a

unlai r advantage
mandatory / obligatory urine in the stands You can't please everybody
testi ng on the terraces You need to set your priorities pL
to +eel part of a team / leam spiril hool iganism You're burning the candle at both ends cl
'
to win lose draw ' 1b
SPORTS IN ENGLISH.SPEAKING COUNTRIES
Read the following articles ab0ut vari0us sp0rts and fill in the names 0f sp0rts below.
such as
tra in ing
SKITTLES AMERICAN FOOTBALL CRICKET RUGBY GOLF BOWLING BOWLS
lvote a
is a cross-country game played by of a runway resembling a modern
ir sporl. lane. The Kegel was said to represent the
striking a small ball with various clubs from a series
rn this of teeing grounds into a like series of holes on a Heide ("heathen"). A stone was rolled at the
banned
course. The player who holes his ball in the Heide, and those successfully toppling it werc
i and in
f-ewest strokes wins. The same orisinated believed to have cleansed themselves of sin.
discuss
in Scotland and has spread tiom obscure
antiquity to worldwide popularity. Its ,
players piirticipate at every level, fi'om {
Although the peasants' club evolved into pins,
the associirtion remained, and even today
bowlers are often called keclers.
m
0mm0n recreational _______to popuiar televised
ou know professional tournaments. Despite its 5 _ was played fbr centuries in public houses
ualion? altractiveness. _ is not a game fbr or clubs, mostly in westem England and the Midlands,
everyone; it requires a high degree of skill that is southern Wales, and the Lothian region of Scotland.
honed only with great patience and dedication, and The rules and methods of scoring varied fiom place
kelurns to place, but the basic principle of bowling a wooden
it requires an investment in equipment and f'ees that
rat she or rubber ball (weighing about l0 pounds
persons of averarge means may not f'eel worthwhile.
ilf erent
The novice is often discouraged by these factors. [4.5kilogramsl) at nine large, oval-headed pins, set in
diamond formation 2l f'eet (about 6.5 m) away,
trainer,
tarents,
The origin of _ is uncertain. The game remained the same.
was first definitively recorded at Guildfbrd in Suney
at the end of the I 6th century. and the first known According to legend, began in I 823.
nations when, during a game of fbotball at _ School.
set of rules was wdtten in 1744. The Marylebone
to each William Webb Ellis picked up the ball and ran with it.
Club, which is the world governing body
school The run was a clear violation of the rules of the -eame
ofthe sport, was fbrmed in 1787. It is a game played
with bat and ball between two teams of I I players that later came to be called association fbotball. or
each on a large tield, which centres upon two upright soccen bLrt the illegality proved popular and led to
a parent wickets, each det-ended by a batsman. A bowler the game of _, a primarily ball-handling game,
vimmer. throws the ball (with a straight-arm, usually as distinct fiom soccer. a primarily kicking game. In
ursue a overhand delivery), attempting to put out the 1846, rules of _ were published at the school.
I is very batsman by hitting the wicket or in other ways. Runs ln 1863, the Football Association (FA) was formed in
r talents are scored each time that the batsmen exchange London, and afier a futile attempt to reconcile the rules
t almost positions without being put out. to accommodate the two sames. was left
outside the FA.
Lawn . outdoor same in which a ball
(known as ii bowl) is rolled toward a Protessional began in the I 890s. but it
ilh your was not until the lise of television after World
smaller stationary ball, called a jack. The
i future. War II that it became one of the dominant
object is to roll one's bowls so that they
Aurerican sourts. A selies ol'derrths and
-()
come to rest near€r to the jack than those of
in.iuries in 1905 prompted President il'
fr
a an opponent; this is sometimes achieved by
II knocking aside an opponent's bowl Theodore Roosevelt to call for more
I
I or the iack. A lirnn of was changes to make the game safer. Rules
I played in ancient Egypt, and by the Middle wene thus created that included the
II introductir>n of the forward pass.
I Ages the game was well-known in continental
I
I Europe. The International Bowling Board, the rr"rling new fbrmations, and the prohibition of blocking with
body of lawn _ , was founded in 190-5.
extended arms. In 1910, the National Collegiate
Athletic Association (NCAA) was fbrrned to govern
The modern sport of _ at pins probably American intercollegiate competition. Postseason. or
originated in ancient Germany, not as a sport but as "bowl," games played between leading college teams,
a
a religious ceremony. As early as the 3rd or 4th became popular and now include the Rose Bowl
T
I century AD. in rites held in the cloisters of churches, (Pasadena, Calif.), Orange Bowl (Miarni), Su-ear Bowl
I
I
I parishioners may have placed their ever-present (New Orleans). Sun Bowl (El Paso, Texas). Cotton
rnds I club, or Kegel (the implement most Germans carried Bowl (Dallas, Texas), and Gator Bowl (Jacksonville.
I fbr sport and. certainly, self-protection), at one end FIa.).
. SPORT. 165
THE GAMES PEOPLE PLAY
I I tnrto
IWhat kind ol person would these sports be suilable for? first is g
What personality is not likely to be very good at them? a
KARAIE KAnat€ XIARAIE s

t&l*,
FII
| |
'o.n
I
I
10
11
lll'n
their mt
6 lt
/Look at the lollowing words and group lhem under $ In small groups, invent a new sport. Talk about the
the sport they reler to. Some words may be used lor equipment needed lo play it, some ol the rules, and how
more than one sport. to play it. Then use the space below and write a short
description ol your sport and present it to the class.
throw-in
SCTVE
shoot
basket
16
cleats
corner kick 17
travel
18
base Ii ne
19
slam
20
forehand
net
21
defence
' offence
22
umpire / referee
backhand
23
goalie

SPORT - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
T
I The lollowing sentences should be rearranged. Read them and write numbers 1-7 to indicate the correct order. The
first is g and the last is e.
a Participants can display their knowledge of athletes without revealing anything considered private.
b Games between teams classified as "major football powers" attract nation-wide television audiences
that number in the millions.
c Some football and basketball coaches are paid higher salaries than the presidents of their institutions.
d College sports, especially football, are conducted in an atmosphere of intense excitement.
e Expressions from sports are extraordinarily common in everyday American speech. Baseball is probably
the source of more idiomatic expressions than any other sport.
f Sports are a very frequent topic of conversation, especially among males. "Small talk" about sports is
safe - interesting, but not too personal.
g Nowhere else in the world are sporls associated with colleges and universities in the way they are in the
United States.
TT
| | ldentily the correct c0llocati0ns using the given w0rds.
FIELD PITCH COURSE COURT RINK POOL

8 football 12 ice
9 baseball 13 volleyball
10 golf 14 tennis
11 swimmino 15 roller
ttl
|| | fne following expressions, used l0 talk about sport and games, can also be used metaphorically. According to
their meaning, decide in which senlences (16-30) they belong.
trump card to gamble

rout the keep / play one's cards close to one's chesl ranked as favourite
Ind how unsporting to be in the running
a short key player to be out of the running
iS. moving the goalposts to make all the running
the odds are skating on thin ice
the stakes plain sailing
to be a gamble
16 The new leader has produced the - 24 They were always so that nobody
reforms in the health-care system. could tell what they actually wanted.
17 He _, we have no idea what he is up to. 25 ln the comoetition he was for the job.
18 Marriage is a 26 This gives you an advantage in the promotion
19 The company all on the new factory.

20 He has been _ and so far he has always
27 To be _ to win this wonderful holiday jusl
fill in the coupon and send it in.
got away with it.
28 This may have put him _ for the title.
21 It was _, we had no problems at all.
22 I foundtheir behaviour _ . They had no
29 Women in the demands for change.
reason for doing that to me. 30 that this is not qoing to work.
Although he has no right to vote, he is a

in the scheme.
. SPORT. 167
SPORT - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I Through
I The following sentences should be rearranged. Read them and write numbers 1-7 to indicate the correct order.
page sh
a Read the newspapers or look in the telephone book under the name of whatever sport interests you for phrases
things such as ski clubs, walking clubs, fencing, gymnastics, judo, karate, and aerobic classes, ice
skating, squash and racquetball clubs, bicycle clubs, bowling clubs, riding groups, and bird-watching FAMII
clubs. 1r
b Roller-skating, Frisbee throwing, and kite flying are all popular, especially in parks; one can also find 2C
paths for biking, jogging, or walking in these areas. 3k
c Newcomers to the United States often find it difficult to participate in the particular sports they enjoy. 4I
d Golf and tennis are very popular.
5s
e Actually, this need not be so.
HOMI
f In addition to private clubs, nearly all cities maintain numerous tennis courls and golf courses which are 'I r
ooen to the oublic for a fee.
2I
g By knowing where to look, it's possible to find a way to participate in any sport.
3t
TI 4p
| | ldentify the correct c0ll0cati0ns using the given w0rds.
WRESTLER TRACK SHOES RINK TABLE HOOP RACQUET RING
8 running 12 squash
FOOr
'lF
9 boxing 13 basketball
10 skating 14 walking
21
11 billiards / pool 15 sumo
3i
4t
TTT
| | | fne following expressions, used t0 talk about sport and games, can also be used melaphorically. According to SHOF
their meaning, decide in which sentences (16-30) they belong.
1.
first past the post

play fair
2i
outsider 3l
marathon
put / lay your cards on the table 4\
own goal
to be a pawn in
baiting CLOT
play someone's game
neck and neck 1t
touch base (with someone)
at stake ZI
game's up
good spon
against all odds 3t
4(
',|
6 Running as candidates were the former 23 He wants me to _, but he can forget about it: 5l
Prime Minister and his opponent. l'll quit the job.
17 Until the - 24 | am certainly woR

election campaign started, he was an not in the mood to be a _. 1r
unKnown
25 Always with me, I warn you. 2r
18 Hundreds of jobs were 31
26 The meeting was a _ three-hour session.
19 He managed to accomplish the task
27 Come on, there is no need to hide anything.
41
20 The existing system of electing the
5t
28 I suppose I'm proving to myself l'm not just a _
government is considered by many people to be
in some financial system; I'm an independent TOWI
unfair.
oerson.
1f
21 I need to with him on this matter.
When the last attempt failed, he realised that the 2r
22 Giving that project up would be an _. lt
should be promoted and developed.
30 This racist seems to be going on and on
PHRASES AND PHRASAL VERBS
Throughout the book you will find a number ol verbs and phrases which are typical of everyday conversation. This
t order.
page should remind you ol some ol them. Fill in the missing part and explain the meaning of the short phrases. The
i you for phrases have been grouped by topics:
rce
ching FAMILY 3 make a story
t hetakes __ _ his father 4 take sb _______ court
l find 2 go maternity leave 5 take _______ crime
3 kiss and make
njoy. 4 they go __*_ __ together SIGHTSEEING
5 set home / house 1 put a spell _ sb
2 Iake sb _______ st
HOME 3 make a mention st
hich are
t her career has gone the roof
2 Iake _ aloan TRAVEL
3 take one's shoes '1 make your way _______ st
4 put _ a phone jack 2 lake the hand-break
5 put a ceiling the income of sb 3 put one's seat belt
IG 4 put the car ___ neutral / reverse
FOOD 5 set foot _______ dry land
1 put the kettle 6 put the clutch
2 Iake-_ (restaurant) 7 put the brake
3 go for dinner 8 take the wind of one's sails
4 the milk has gone
rrding to FARMING
SHOPPING 1 make hay _______ the sun shines
1 go a shopping spree 2 a watchdog committee has been set
2 prices have gone _______ or 3 take st _______ granted
3 | was cheated - thev took me
4 What size do you take shoes? CLIMATE
CLOTHES
1 take a rain check dinner
2 take steps __ protect communities
1 take care _____- clothes St
2 take a hemline It's going to clear
3 take waists t It's nninn tn trrrn f ine.
4 go of vogue
)out it: 5 put a sock _*_ it THE HUMAN BODY
t have one's tonsils taken
WORK & LEISURE 2 iI'll take some neck / gall try that
1 make a cheque ____ sb 3 put one's foot it
2 make _____ meet
)n. 3 put a price HEALTH
Lnything.
4 go __ ___ strike 1 put sb _______ a splint
5 take a day 2 |ake care ______ sb
t
TOWN & COUNTRY
1 food that has oone
Ine 2 go alone at nighl
I on.
169
MEDIA $
4a
and
t'o,
first, an
lill
newspa
NEWSPAPERS
I A RTSP||IISIBII PRTSS ||R IAPII||G I||URIIAIISMP
I How do you leel about the press in Although the tabloid press has long been the subject of scorn and criticism
your country? Do you feel that it keeps in British society, it was, for the most part, not taken as anything too
you well informed? serious. The sleazy, sensationalised newspapers were seen more as an
embarrassment and a minor irritation than a real problem. The death of
fl
(, Do you have a tabloid press oI Diana, Princess of Wales, however, lent a new urgency to the whole issue.
gutter press in your country? How does A fairy tale created and maintained by the tabloids was brought to a
it difler from the quality press, both in tragic end, at least in part by the behaviour ofthe paparazzi. In the public
content and style? outcry that followed Diana's death, many called for strong action against
the excesses of tabloid reporters and photographers. But how will these
Find a word in the text that means: actions, if taken, affect British citizens and their right to be fully
I newspapers, usually popular in sqrle with informed?
bold headlines and large photographs,
having pages of half size Many people agree that the tabloid newspapers often do go too far.
Obviously, no celebrity can escape some level of intrusion by the media.
2 the state of requiring immediate
However, the tabloid press does not aiways stop at this. Many celebritres
action or attention
have had to endure public exposure of the most intimate details of their $ trn
3 freelance photographers who pursue
lives, as papanzzi photographers snap shots of them in every imaginable
their m
celebrities to get photographs of short u
setting. They have also had to endure countless assaults on their
them colourll
reputations, as the tabloid papers report half-truths and dirty rumours as
4 exceeding proper or permitted limits story.
if they were established facts. There are truly no holds barred in the develol
5 the act or an instance of intruding battle to get the largest circulation.
words I
6 the number of copies sold, especially

the rigl
of journals and newspapers So, what can be done? One way to keep journalists from this type of
irresponsible behaviour is through the courts. If a newspaper writes an
7 to institute civil legal proceedings
untrue story about you, or damages someone's reputation by telling lies
against someone
about them in print, it can be sued for /ibel. Newspapers therefore have
8 people or documents providing
to make sure that their stories are based on the facts provided by reliable
evidence that can be relied on
sources the people who newspaper writers get their information from.
9 reporting that inquires intensively Therefore, if I write a story which accuses an MP of being an alcoholic,
into controversial issues I have to have at least one source who will testify that he or she has
10 unknown or undeclared source or actually seen that person habitually drunk.
authorship
Sounds reasonable, right? Like many well-meaning laws, however, the
Here are the answers. What libel laws can also be abused. The reason for this is that the line between
plu
questions do they answer? investigative reporting and abusive paparazzr reporting is very difficult
to draw. Suppose, for instance, that you were writing a story about the
a More of an embarrassment than
illegal disposal of nuclear waste at a local nuclear plant, and you were
a real problem.
basing your story on the information supplied by a member of the plant's
b Princess Diana's death.
management. If your source's employers found out about this, they would
c Invasion of privacy and personal most likely sack that person. Your source will therefbre want to remain
attacks. anonymous. lf the manager of the nuclear plant takes you to court,
d To sell the most newspapers. however, you might be fbrced to reveal the identity of your source, who
e Sue them fbr libel. would then most certainly be dismissed. lf sources cannot remain
f They won't want to talk to reporters. anonymous, then people will be much less willing to talk to reporters
about sensitive issues. The judges who rule over these cases must
g The judges.
therefore be careful that the laws are applied in a way which ensures
responsible journalism, while still leaving reporters the freedom to infonn
their readers about important issues.
rt
.l tist tne various sections ol a British newspaper. Put the sections you think are the most important
lirst, and the ones you find less importanl last.
4 4st Andrew and Gary are sitting al a call,reading newspapers. Listen to their conversation
and fill in what each of them likes about their newspaper and what they dislike about the other's
newspaper.
ISMfl
ntlclsm
ring too
re as an
ieath of
le issue.
3ht to a
e public
agalnst
ill these
re fully
too far.
:media.
ebrities F tr
of their ! trtewspaper headlines have little space t0 convey (lSort the following words into four newspaper
their message t0 the readers. They must therelore use headlines. Below are the first lines ol each of the
ginable
short words in order to save space, while also using articles.
'n their colourful words t0 draw the eye and add interest to a
IOUTS AS CIG DRUG VOW BACKS TO QUITS
story. Because 0l this, newspaper headlines have
I in the SCANDAL GRAFT REVENUES CUTS
developed a vocabulary ol their own. Match the headline
w0rds 0n the lelt to their m0re c0mm0n syn0nyms 0n TAX OVER PLUMMET PROBE
type of the right. WELFARE REJECT LOOM DEAL
rites an REBELS KEEP AS BAN FIGHTING
ing lies MINISTER TEEN
attacks causes
re have
reliable backs criticises After an investigation into drug abuse amongst teens,
n from. Dan rise it was announced yesterday that the govemment would
:oholic, bid prohibit support the proposed restrictions on cigarette sales.
she has CUIS supp0rts
deal disagreement
The Minister of Defence announced today that he
f ights refuses would resign, saying that he wanted to focus his full
ver, the
?
looms bri bery attention on the bribery charges being brought against
retween
plummets 0pp0ses him.
lifficult
rout the probe reductions The government today announced major reductions
quits
)u were
piant's rejects
I rea0y
pr0mise
in welfare spending due to the falling tax revenues
brought aboul by the recession.
r would r0w attempt
remain set i nvestigation
Rebel forces in the south of the country rejected yet
) court, surge negotiation another proposal to join peace talks with the
:e, who talks government, saying that they were preparing another
agreement
remain major offensive.
triggers is about to happen
)porters
v0w falls
)s must
graft resign -l
ensures / trtow create a headline and first sentence 0l your
inform own. Jumble the headline and invite a classmate t0
unscramble it.
. MEDIA. 171
TELEVISION
I r)
I What is your attitude towards television? Complete / Now write a summary of the survey's findings lor your
class. Do you think that you are typical of your country?
I un"
are ofte
the survey below, then compare your answers with the
rest of the class. In four groups prepare a survey resull What dilferences might there be in a national survey? stations
lor the entire class. Then compare your findings. pop mur
l't
1 How much television do you watch a day?
!
.l Wnat is "prime time"? Why is it important? What kinds
none of shows do you usually see during prime lime?
E 2 hours or less
n 2-4 hours
! 4-6 hours { Vou have been appointed the head of a new television
! more than 6 hours
station: ABC TV. Write out your broadcasting schedule for
2 What time of day do you usually watch a Friday night, starting at 7.00 p.m. and ending at midnight.
television?
n morning
n noon
! afternoon
n evening
! late-night
How many televisions do you have in your

house?
n none
E one
E two
E three
E four or more
Do you watch television while eating dinner?

! yes
Ino
Do you have the television on while doing other
activities (e.9. homework)?
n yes l*nu
nno radio sti
From the following list, mark your three improve
favourite kinds of programme and your least
favourite.
I News i Current affairs $cassett
u'0,
tr Situation comedies (sifcoms)
tr Films (cD) pl
il Plays machine
tr Sports
images
E Quiz shows
I Documentaries / Educational programmes Talk abr
! Soap operas often yo
tr Chat shows
E Variety shows
E Cartoons
tr
tr
Music programmes
Religious programmes
lRt
I broar
Television I radio
I rrequ
the TV set / the box / the remote control I ANi(

tube | [/r
satellite dish
channels
music '
news
' cultural IlMtrvt
cable cnannels I
sc[een teletext I l0n0
controls TV host
F
I
I
rroi
volume anchor (news)
! trtow compare your schedule with other students'. Give I short
brightness host (talk show)

reasons why your stati0n is showing certain pl0grammes I wave
contrast compere
at certain times. Whose schedule is better? I tune

RADIO
I
lor your I Unlike television stations, which usually lry to provide a wide range of pr0grammes for everybody, radi0 stations
country? are often specialised, targeting one specific audience. In the chart bel0w, write the names of four of the major radio
vey? stations in your city, then lill in the rest of the chart. (Try to pick different kinds of radio stations! Don't just give four
pop music stations!)
rat kinds
rlevision
rdule for
tidnight.
rt
/Whal do you think of your local
radio stations? What things could be
improved? v0lume
rec0rd
at ptay
.f Video recorders (VCRs), tape /
fast forward
cassette recorders, compact disc
(GD) players and other modern rewind
machines that reproduce sound and stop / elect
images have very similar controls. timer
Talk about their functions and how
often you use them.
Radio
broadcasti ng newsreadei' (GB) / newscaster (US) live music KNODS
radio statrons ann0uncer switches

The radio set
frequencies to host a show digital display
tuner (hi-fi)
AM (Amplitude chat-show host preset stations
receiver (technicai)
Modulation) disc lockey i deejay / 0,1
bass
aerial (usually domestic) i
FM (Frequency phone-i n antenna (US)
treb le
Modulation) sitcom (situation comedy) antenna (usually big
graphic equaliser
long wave serial / series commercial)(GB)
to turn up the volume
medium wave public service radio (US) i nte rfe rence
turn it up ' down
short wave panel discussion static
ts'. Give to switch / turn the set on off
wavelengtn competition "
rammes buttons
tune in to a station live broadcast
. MEDIA. 173
MEDIA - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I
I Read the following text and put in the nouns and prepositions. I neao
CASE FEATURES PART ALLOWANCES IN FOR ON OVER ON OF AFTER WITH
The shared authorship of news reports is suggested by their reliance on preferred forms of expression, their
lack of stylistic idiosyncrasy (even in the repods of named journalists), and their consistency of style 1 _ long
people i
periods of time. Once a publication or channel has opted 2 _ a particular style, it tends to stay with it, and
numan
imposes it vigorously 3 _ its material. This has pafiicularly been the 4 _ with the press. lt is not difficult to
5_
identily certain 5 _ which characterise certain newspapers. That is why it is possible to parody them so easily.
from 7 _
Probably the most famous journalistic parody of recent years appeared 6 _ the UK newspaper Ihe attempti
GuardianT_ 1 April 1978. lt reproduced the front pages 8 twelve newspapers (clones of those 11 _
published in the British lsles), said to have been published that day as 9 _ of a journalistic merger on the island Monitol,
of San Serriffe - where the custom is evidently to name people and places 10 _ concepts in the history of
printing.
tl
After making 11 for the exaggerations which are part of a parody, a comparison 12 _ today's ll Rea
papers would show little stylistic difference, despite a gap of over 15 years.
(From David Crystal: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Wh
Language. Reprinted with permission of CUP 1995) First, ar
not in s'
lt
| | The following adjectives g0 together with the nouns (A) ARTICLE and/or (B) HEADLINES. Use them together in represe
sentences. of their
13 to make
14 to edit lf Yt
15 to summarise a maga,
16 to hit
17 deals with alternal
18 to review here on
19 to oublish
20 to skim the mai
browse
ttt
|| | Read the following article and then suggest the opposites ol the underlined words.
A monopoly until 1954, the BBC operates under a royal charter. lt is funded from a fixed-term license fee paid by
Now, g
households with a television set. The BBC has four national radio networks.
The BBC has two 21 national television services, which together transmit more than 200 hours a week; both have
mixed programmes that are coordinated 22 to avoid conflicts.
There is 23 substantial regional activity in both media. Of the six regions in the kingdom that formerly operated
with a fair degree of 24 autonomy, only the "national" regions remain for Scotland, Wales, and Northern lreland. 25 ln lll',
senten(
place of the other three 26 regions, North, Midland, and West and South, there are 20 production centres for both
radio and television. Regions 27 broadcast their own programmes by 28 opting out of Radio 4 or BBC 1 and using
their own section ol the 29 corresponding network. Radio Cymru broadcasts in the Welsh language for Wales. There
are about 50 30 local FM (VHF) stations.
174 . Tooic-based Vocabularv .

MEDIA - AND MORE PRACTICE...
T
I Read the following text and put in the verbs and adjectives.
RECOGNIZE PROVIDE APPLAUD CRITICIZE CURRENT SEXIST VIOLENT

CONCERNED RACIST IMPORTANT SUPERFICIAL IN.DEPTH
their
Some Americans criticize their media, especially television, for being 1 (by showing only white
long
people as responsible, important individuals),2_ (by porlraying women as "sex objects" ratherthan as whole
d
human beings), 3 _ , and inadequately 4 with realizing their potential for educating the public. They
ficult to
5_ the media for providing only 6 _ treatment of complex topics and events and for distracting Americans
)asily.
tromT _ issues. They 8 the non-commercial "public" radio and television networks for at least
\e attempting to provide 9_ analysis of 10_issues and "serious" entertainment programs. They also
11 _ that some newspapers (for example, the New York Times, Washington Posl and Christian Science
: island Monitor) and magazines 12 _ substantive coverage and commentary on current affairs.
rf (From Gary Althen: American Ways. Reprinted with permission of

lntercultural Press, lnc., Yarmouth, ME. Copyright 19BB).
tl
'vqy o | | Read the text and observe the collocations with the the words MEDIA and COVERAGE.
e English
Why do the mainstream media provide such partial and inadequate coverage of our multicultural society?
First, and obviously, the media are owned and controlled by the powerful and wealthy, whose interests are generally
not in sympathy with those on the outside. And, historically, very few people of color and other minorities have been
lether in represented on the staffs of major television stations, newspapers, or magazines, making it unlikely that the concerns
of their communities would receive fair or adequate coverage...
lf you want to get your feet wet but don't know quite what interests you, pick up a copy of the Utne Reader al
a magazine stand. Every other month, Eric Utne and his staff put together a compilation of articles from the
alternative media, ranging from "Buddhism American Style" to "Class Bias on Campus". You'll find lots of information
here on alternative sources. Similarly, the magazine Alternative Press Review, which calls itself "your guide beyond
the mainstream", can help you find available periodicals, books and films. And when you're in a large bookstore,
browse through the magazine section; you'll probably be surprised and delighted by the wide range of offerings.
(From EIIen Summerfield: Survival Kit for Multicultural Living.

Reprinted with permission of lntercultural Press, lnc., Yarmouth,
Copyright 1997.)
raid by
Now, give the opposites.
13 mainstream media 17 fair coverage
rth have 14 partial 18 to be indifferent to st (idiom)
15 adequate 19 alternative sources
16 majority 20 not to be had
'ated
i. 25 ln || | tnr following adjectives are used with the nouns (A) ARTICLE and/or (B) HEADLINE. Use them together in
sentences.
roth 21 banner 26 libellous
sing 22 in-depth 27 exclusive
23 sports 28 three-part
There 24 front-page 29 brilliant
25 illustrated 30 cookery
. MEDIA. 175
CULTURE
GOING TO THE THEATRE
I
I Ask two of your classmates the following five questions and write down
their answers. lf you need a new English expression, jot it down in your
mother tongue. Then look at the box on the following page and go through
the answers again with your teacher.
How often do you go to the theatre?
lG,
I
Talk about different types of theatres. Why do you like them? Why not? |
I
Ope
I VATI
I ttre;
| (*o
I ne\^
I box
I seal
I in tl
Describe the parts ol a theatre and what we do in the theatre.

I
t box
IIn drer
I bali
I qal
| 'in
I star
l:3x
I
Can you name some of the stalf and performers? I cloi
I tto
| (to
I cas
I anr
I lob
I! usl-
late
Give names of dilferent types of productions. I tate
I auc
I aisl
I em,
I safr
I the
It
I cen
I t'n
'476 . Topic-based Vocabulary .

rt
/The following is a list of jobs in
lhe theatre. Say what they do:
director
lead
c0mp0ser
stage designer
performer
costume designer
pr0ducer
stage manager
J extras
understudy
prompter
.,,,,:., lighting operator
playwright
at
1| Describe the picture on the left
using some of the vocabulary in the
box below.
Going to the Theatre prompt(er's) box first night / premiere

orchestra pit evening performance
open-air / outdoor theatre
trapdoor matrnee
variety theatre
stage props gala performance
theatre workshop
costumes drama
(to read) posters and bills
newspaper revrew
set '
tragedy comedy
scene ry tragicomedy
box office ticket / theatre agency
' dressing room farce
seating plan
backstage historical play
in the stalls (GB) / orchestra (US)
Person nel one-act play
box
playwright a play in 3 acts
dress circle (GB) / balcony / based on a novel by Kafka musical (comedy)
mezzanine (US)
producer pantomrme
0arc0ny
d i rector variety show
gailery
in the gods" (GB) / in the nosebleeds (US)
conductor repertory / rep
stage designer
standing room only The performance
costume designer
sold out / full house five-minute bell
stage manager
the lights are dimmed / go down
^l^6t'^^- /^++^-,{.^r\ '
complimentary ticket backstage pass
pr0mprer
the curtain goes up / opens
urudAr uuil t \dttuiludilt,/
lighting operator / person
(to hire) opera glasses acts scenes
make-up artist / person "
(to buy the) programme interval i intermission
cast list
stage hand / stage crew tn ctrotnh v,,v
nnp's lpnc
u ,uvu
stan d-i n
an all-star cast to play to a packed ompty house
'
to sland in for
lobby / foyer to burst into applause
understudy
usher(ette) to clap i applaud
extras
tatec0mers to give a bouquet
late seating
tragedian ' comedian
standing ovation
chorus
^. ,iit^.i..-ruilr
duurtur x Jtdgu
^l^^^ to take curtain calls
villain
aisle / gangway to have a long run
hero * heroine
emergency exrts brilliant' dull performance
to play the part of / role oI
safety/ fire curtain failure / flop
the leading part / role
to hiss , to boo to barrack
the curtain rises / goes up / opens ' falls / a supporting part '
goes down / closes to have stage fright
centre stage Types of show "butterflies in the stomach"
(in the)wings rehearsal " dress rehearsal to forget one's lines
. CULTURE . 177
GOING TO THE CINEMA
I ar With thr
I Types of films.
al In pairs, act out a conversation between lwo ritics 0n a talk show reviewing
instrume
With your teacher, discuss what the following four lilms. 0ne critic should give each ol the lilms g00d reviews,
each of the lollowing means. Then while the other should give them all bad reviews.
talk about a lilm that would fit in
each category. Which of these Battering Rarn III - The Last Stand
genres do you prefer? Joe Redding returns as Mack Bruscadilli, renegade cop ready to take on
the Mafia. In this sequel, he joins fbrces with a Caribbean arms smuggler
western romance and a street-wise homeless girl to take on a powerful South American drug
war film horror film caftel. But his battle holds a surprise - his old enemy Manuele De Mingo
tearjerker erotic film is alive and well, and looking for revenge. Will Mack get out alive? R
thriller sci{i lilm The Falling Leaf
al
action lilm adventure film
comedy
Mary Jointer, a successful New York business executive, is pulled out of her
world suddenly when she hears that her mother has had a car accident.
Leaving behind the world of money and power, she visits her mother and
o
4
tries to get to know her again. Together, they have to try to face a dark secret
f Separate the lollowing into
that has been haunting the family for years. PG
positive and negative comments.
The leading man gave a great Madball
performance as Napoleon. Joey Rimpley plays the leader of a basketball team which is so bad that no
It was thrilling. one wants to buy or coach it. Together with his band of basketball misfits,
It was boring. he tries to work out something new - a self-owned, self-coached basketball
The story was predictable. team. But with a group that can hardly tie its own shoelaces without falling
The direction was wonderful.
The actor \ a\n't very convincing.
The story wasn't believable.
I felt the passion.
A total waste of money.
over, will he ever have a chance at reaching the finals? G
The Fifth Letter
An intense spy-thriller that takes you across the globe, from Downing
Street to Washington to the back alleys of Tehran. An assassin has been
#
called out to eliminate ten of the world's most powerful people: an
It kept me on the edge of rny seat.
I walked out half-way through the
film.
assassin so deadly that even his employers don't know his face, so
cunning that no one can stop him. MI6 agent Jack Dowely and CIA agent
lM,
I Some
It was full of tension and Joseph Tereny work together to bring this madman down before he I musir
suspense. strikes again. R I to rea
A touching story. I note
A heart-warming film.
A film for the whole family. { Compare Hollywood with the lilm industry in your country. What kinds ol
lilms does your country make? What things do they do better than Hollywood?
I llll:
I
I
+^
^t^
ru pro
The special effects and stunts were
great. What things is Hollywood better at? II stxtr
scare
I harmr
Going to the Cinema I count
nn in tho nintrrroq / mnvipc

vv (v L,,v tearl erKe r art film to cut / edit I rest
movie / motion picture (US)

outdoor cinema (GB) / drive-in (US)
nappy enOrng adventu re
war tilm
rushes
cutting room I flii,,
| ;:?''
remaKe
newsreel ciip perod drama screenplay
trailers (GB) / previews (US) (world) premiere tomake/shoot afilm scilpt
advertisements
f llmed in colour
'
black and whlte
silent movies talkies (hislorlcal)
educational
science fictlon
thriller
shot
SCENE
'
close-up distance shot
producer
0tlectot'
scriptwriter
|I 'iru
harm(
' I cac
psycn00rama
subtitles ' dubbed slow motion / slo-mo cameraman
feature lilm erotic ' pornographic dolly shot stunt-man I to ola
(animated) cartoon romance / love story to pan theme music I to prz
travel film ho rro r to fade in

" out an RJilm (restricted) I to acr
00cumentary nnnc rnd rnhhorc

vvPw u,v ,uuuu,u in the studio * on location a UJilm (universal) I ttre
western buddy movie sound track G (general audience) I arranr
slapstick comedy road movre special e{fects PG (parentai guidance)

I ""
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
reviewing With the help of the lists below, try to identily the
I reviews,
instruments in the pictures and s0rt them into families:
lke on
nuggler
ican dmg
Mingo
r?R
#
^@
F-
,ut of her
-.-r^
q
\g
)nt.
:r and
\--'/---
-fl_7
nk secret
.hat no
risfits,
ketball
falling
ing
been
Musical Instruments
\ agent
Some common to sight-read Woodwind, wind instruments kettle drum
musical terms to improvise i lute side drum
to read music to sing / play out of tune picco lo snare drum
note music stand oboe cym0ars
sharp flat -hat
kinds ol
' music stool c larrn et h i
to play by ear to have no ear for music bassoon a drum roll

llywood? to play by heart to n e-d eal bag p i pes to beat the drum
staff i staves lyrics (the words of a song) reco rder drumsticks
scal e fife b rushes
Stringed instruments mouth organ / harmonica bells
harmony
(Usually picked, plucked or
pan pr pes CASIAN EIS
counterpoint strummed with a plectrum)
rest Brass instruments tambourine
gu rtar
atr rrumper triang le
mandolin
tu ne trombone xylophone
dulcimer
mei 00y French horn vibes {jazz)
harp
bar fl uge I horn Keyboards
Danl 0
melodious " 0ug piano grand piano
d sco rdant
balalaika
re
co rn et
'
i
srtar sprnet
harmonious " tuba harpsi chord
uduupr rur ruuJ
^^^^^h^^^,,^ (Usually played with a bow) B{lat bass / euphonium 0rgan
+^ nt.,, +h^ î^n^
ru prdy u ru pldilu vio lin mouthpiece * reed keys and stops
to practise vio la fanfare (piano) accordion
to accompany sb on ceil0 Hammond organ
Percussion
tfre piano double bass synthesiser
drum set
arrangement cymbalon / dulcimer
drum
to tune (up)
DASS OTUM
. CULTURE. 179
GOING TO A CONCERT
'l vou r
t trrc is a list of kinds ol music. Can you add to it? Which ones are your (2 ) the local
favourites? Which ones don't you like?
rl -l sh e lve
t classical returned
their app
I rock
I pop (l s.
Name all of the instruments likely to be lound in each of the bands playing
the various kinds of music.
W
6
lWhalkind ol music do you associate with the pictures on the right? Where
are you likely to hear such music?
at
.f Wtrat kind of music do your parents (or children) like? How do you feel /Here
about it? How do they leel about your music? stories a
t
fl tmi You are going to hear a lather and a son talking about music.
Listen and answer the questions below. u?,, w rA
rA
rlt
tt-
rF
a
b
How does Tommy feel about classical music?
How does his father feel about Tommy's music? K[M' rS

rtI
rS
s
c Was his father upset when Tommy stopped playing the piano?
rL
d Did Tommy like the concert'?
e Is he looking fbrward to going to more of them?

lBo
I
F
! Role-play a c0nversati0n between Tommy and his father in which they
III rvp,nrncr
Y'""'
talk about how they really feel about the c0ncerts. I poetr
I short
I fanta
I| bioor
Going to a Concert t
-"r
| {ictio
concert-hal I rhythm and blues (R&B) Types o{ music 0rat0n0 baritone I nove
co nce rt-g oe r rock'n'roll symphony requiem (mass) bass I diary
Orchestraxbandxgr0U0 heavy metal " hard rock symphonic poem Person nel boy soprano I detec
follower disco
grunge
concerto conductor
soloist
Rock and pop II Tu',
crass
instrumental vocal ' punk
overture
choi rs
lead guitarist / singer
Ir oulo
classical " popular suite
rhythm guiiarist ^H^^
serious techno sonata
scn00l
church keyboards
I
I
dudJ
ency
folk traditional
' Types of classical
toccata and tugue
u n ivers ity synthesiser
I otctir
lazz (iraditional modern)
" performance (national) anthem male voice vocal ist I thesi
o rc hestra I
symphony hymn Voices drummer (percussion I referr
contemporary' experimental
x t't0W ?90
cnam0er lullaby s0pran0 secti on) | (acar
electronic i synthesised
promenade
recital
madrigal
aria
a[0
mezzo sOprano
session musician
brass section
II sell
qulO
T:
0r ues cantara tenor
I trave
BOOKS AND READING
I
I You have just started working at TEACH YOURSETF SWAHITI IN 20 DAYS horror story
the local library, and it is y0ur i0b t0 fantasy
Ftl(ll DISEASES SIMPTIFIEIT
shelve books that have been
returned. Put the following titles into IHE HIICHHIKER'S GUIDE ltl FIJI biography
their appropriate calegories. detective story
GHAiIDI - UNAUTH(IRISED
humour
IHE UAMPIRE DENIIST
reference book
LOUE I1.I THE HOI SUMMER
guide book
JJ SPANKS. PRIUAIE EYE
spy n0vel
DA]'ITE'S INFERN(I
science fiction
THE WEII. AI WORI.D'S END
Mills and Boon
LIFE'S A JOIG r0mance
IHE WHITE HOUSE FITES classic
THE EAIER (lF STARS self-help book
]'|AP0LE0N'S RICHI HANII historical novel
ft
f ttere are the beginnings ot three stories. Try to match them up and put them in the right order. Then pick one ol the
stories and say what will happen next.
I After rubbing tanning lotion over her firm thighs, Janet lay down.
I A heavy rain fell on the streets, drenching the shadowy figure that waited beneath the streetlight
I It was a beautiful day, and the sun was beating down on her creamy brown skin.
I He had just got it lit when a car came speeding around the corner and stopped in front of him.
I Having grown tired of looking out at the quiet stars, Zika Black left the computer monitor and
started fixing herself an instant hamburger.
c I
I
I
Suddenly, there was a blinding flash of light, and all of the ship's computers started emitting warning signals.
It was 3 a.m. Standard Earth Time and all was quiet in the Omega section of the frontier.
Suddenly a shadow blocked out the sun's rays.
r Looking around nervously, the man tried to light a cigarette with his wet matches.
M
r#
Books and Reading
Types of book manual
' handbook
summary
append ix
supplement
hardback
pape rDacK
h^^t,^h^^
" paperba0k
uuunJ rup " ^^+i^,,^"i^^

dlrULludr ldrl
" trade
w' p r0se
poetry
art book
seq ue I
bibliography booksel I er
booklet / brochure
refere nces
short stories tri I ogy paperback exchange
index
fantasy vol ume to remainder a book
biography Publishing and printing
-1 " autobiography limited edition remainder shop

x lTlSlTl0ll'S to submit a manuscript
II Parts of a book
It
fiction ' nonjiction
spine' cover (dust)jacket
author's proofs Li brary
lending library
novel " to publish
d rary f lyleaf pri nti ng i'ef erence library
I publisher's blurb
detective story to edit to borrow a book
I title
I mystery copyri ght librarian
classic ded icati on reading room
intellectual property
sinser I binding (cloth
rl I
pulp literature
atlas margin
" leather)
to pay royalties
first edition
peri od icals
catalogue'index"card
I encyclopaed ia heading"column"line revised and enlarged edition cata I og ue
dictionary passage x paragraph stacks"racks,shelves
I complete and unabridged
chapter"5g6lignxpart
I thesau ru s translated by BF listed by author subject ' ' title
lssion I reference book footnote ' endnote
to adapt (for) in alphabetical order
I
(academic)textbook illuslrations' plates' graphics pilnter arranged by category
rnl I
self-help book c0ntents
d istri butor library card
guide book preface
" foreword' afterword
T
I to launch a book / title overdue book
travelogue introduction' epilogue 1i ne
I
. CULTURE . 181
POETRY
Frorn a Writer to a Student Below are some 0f the things the writer
in the text remembers. Using the texl, I Eact
phrase
try to identify the $pes of poetry quoted
I've been holding hands with poetry all my lit'e. It's been a very good friend: an 1
below. Obviously, nol all of them can to-
inspiration, a refuge, a reality check, a reassurance that I still belong to the human
be complete, but there is enough caugn
race -and something I've never completely understood. But what is it'J Poems
inlormation to help any guesswo*. to clei
corne in all shapes and sizes and are written to express all kinds of ideas and emotions.
to get
Exactly what separates poett] and prose could be debated endlessly in modem A
There was a yourlg man of Devizes, to put
times; the borders becorne less and less clear as years pass. Generally speaking,
Whose eurs were ol dit'terenl sizes,
most experts would agree that poetry should have rhythm, shape and. very often. One was quite small, 2
rhyrne, sometimes in quite complex and repeated patterns. And no use at all, to pla)
But the other was liLrge, and won prizes.
to-
Thefintpoetry Iremembertooktheformofnusery rhymes: rhythmic,regularly rhyming
B to-
verses sung or recited by my mother to get me to sleep. I lerunt more at inf'ants' school, 5i+ ^^ -
ilLdDc
but the prirne poems of childhood were the playground chants that provided the Th. t;utnn.r"r't; flower is to the summer
soundffack for games, often quite grisly little rituals based on the child's view of history sweet,
beheadings, battles, political intrigue disguised er"s fairy-tale. From these to narrarive
Though to itself it only live and die.
But if that tlower with base int'ection
ll Mal
poetry, or ballads - stories told in verse, often with quite strict pattems of rhyme and meet, 51
fonn - was only a shoft step. Highwayrnen and chirse stories, sailing ships and taraway
The basest weed outbraves his dignity: 6l
places, life stories andtales of love, they fascinated me f'oryears. laterl was toencounter For sweetest things turn sourest by 7i
their ancestors. the earliest known European poems, incredibly long pieces known as their deeds; 8j
sagas, f'eaturing ancient gods and goddesses, aurd the very first heroes and monsters,
Lilies that fester smell far worse than
weeds.
9l
even saints eud dragons. It seems that, fbr much of history if a tale was worth telling, it 10 r
was worth telling in verse. C 11 i
Comeclose and sleepnow

12\
Lyrical poems of various kinds carried me through the hormone hell of the late for in the morning 13 r
teens trnd early twenties: short pieces, usually divided into stanzas, that centre around when a policernan 14(
one particular mood or emotion of the poet. They include sonnets, l4-line poems disguised as the sun
cleeps into the room
iuranged in a strict formula of rhyme and rhythm, often divided into two sections
the first of eight lines. the second of six. In those that Shakespeare wrote, they
- and your mother disguised as birds
calls fiom the trees
lllo'
ended with a pair of rhyming lines that summed up the poet's f'eelings - and often
you will put on a dress of guilt 15 Don
my own - in a shor-t, perf'ect, brilliant display of words. For a conf used youth trying
and shoes with broken high ideals ar
and refusinc cofl'ee bv
to come to tenns with love, death, war, farnily politics, and everything else that run
alltheway
cr
makes early adulthood so stressful, they were pure medicine. Of course. Old Bill
horne
dp
was not the only one to write sonnets. Just about every budding poet has tried, 16 Whe
D al
including nre. John Donne, one of Britain's greatest early poets, once remarked
There was a little girl o!
that anyone can write one sonnet, but only an idiot would write two. Who had a little curl ci
Right in the middlc of her forehead ds
So what do I remember now, what cern I quote, in rriddle age? Snatches of ballads And when she was good 17 Lucl
and narative poems, lots of limericks - t'ive-line nonsense poelns, many of thent She was very, very good at
But when she was bad she was horrid. bL
dirty - some of the filthy doggerel that cannot be separated fiom playing British
E CL
ru-eby football, lots of first lines to help me to find favourites in poetry collections,
dt
last couplets fiom a few sonnets, several magic and mystery pieces that have been 18 Ring
H.,= .urn..a canclle to light yorr to bed,
set to music. and a couple of snatches of '60's free verse. Of my own purple. And here comes a choppcr to chop olT a(
overwritten, obscure and pretentious output, fbrtunately. I remember little. your head D(
The last ct
TL 1998 The last d(
tn.,,',
Poetry *rn,.
ttuu
epic " lyric
saga
narrative
sonnet
verse purple poetry
dirty / filthy poetry
n. lV'
poem limerick poetic licence i'fre tbx was strong, he was firll ol' I think t
line free verse to recite
runnl ng
He could rr"rn tbr an hour and tlren be
as they
rfryme nursery rhyme to chant cunnlng Fanny I
rhythm doggerel to quote But the cry behind hinr made him cbill father.
verse / stanza ode to learn by heart They were nearer now and they meant
to kill.
ballad elegy budding poet
She stc
hiccupir

he writer T
CULTURE - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
the text,
I Each ol the lollowing groups 0f phrases have one word in common. Which one is it? Check the meaning ol the
phrases in a dictionary.
y quoted
1
lem can to st out in the hole
e noug h caught in the come within an _ of doing something
;work. to clean up one's have an up one's sleeve
to get one's together hold all the _s
lzes,
to put on an
ZES, 4
2 between the lines
pnzes
to play second (to someone) someone's mind
to _ about / around with someone or something the writing on the wall
to _ while Rome burns someone like an open book
fit as a
ummel
die,
)ctlon
| | *u,rn the phrases 0n the lelt with the meanings 0n the right.
5 to face the music a to make st more exciting, colourful or lively
lignity: 6 trumped-up b a lot of excitement for very little reason
by 7 instrumental in doing something c accept the consequences of one's behaviour
8 iazz something up d without purpose, order, or logic
: than
9 look to one's laurels e false; fraudulent
10 rest on one's laurels t to take care to protect one's reputation
11 in the limelight g to enjoy one's success and not try to achieve more
12 without rhyme or reason h at the centre of attentiorr
13 reel / rattle something off i playing an important part in doing something
14 much ado about nothing i to recite st quickly and accurately
lll Ott 0t the words in each of the following sentences is wrong. Replace it with one 0l those provided.
15 Don't judge a man by its cover. 19 Something is forgotten in the state of Denmark.
Lls a magazine a rotten
b woman b changed
c book c missing
o peopre d false
16 What's in a house? 20 Truth is stranger than films.
a name a footsteps
b girl b story
c boy c f iction
ead o surname o novels

17 Lucky at cards, unhappy in love. 21 Last impressions are most lasting.
a unf aithf ul a first
ronid. b unworthy b third
c unrucKy c good
o nappy d other
to bed, 18 Ring down the street. 22 Genius is one per cent admiration and ninety-nine per
op ofT a door cent perspiration.
b chain d I Ed5ut I
c KnocKer b intelligence
d curtain c Drarns
5
d inspiration
Head Ilt
IU Try to say the following tongue twislers out loud with a partner.
of I think they were thick things with wings and they whistled Trulv rura..
as they went by.
:n be Does this shop stock short socks with spots?
Fanny Fowler fried five floundering fish for Francis Finch,s
n chill
meant
father. The sixth sheik's sixth sheeo's sick.
She stood on the balcony, inexplicably mimicking him A big black bug bit a big black bear, made a big black
hiccuping, and amicably welcoming him in. bear bleed blood.
. CULTURE. 183
CULTURE
T
- AND MORE PRACTICE III
I Each ol the following groups of phrases have one word in common. Which one is it? Check the meaning ol the
phrases in a dictionary.
1 3
to _ it by ear He who pays the piper calls the
to _ one's trump card to be in with someone
to _ second fiddle (to someone) to call the
ro _ possum to change one's a
IO to the gallery
4
I Insn
some business uo
to go into / to make a
something
_ and dance about o!
someone out of something to buy / sell something for a S]
something into someone's head wine, women and c

as tight as a _ SWAN
Or
a
| | *utrn the phrases 0n the left with the meanings 0n the right.
k
5 without further ado a very much, very fast, at maximum effort v
6 to beat the band b to join the crowd
SI
7 to climb on the bandwagon

c to believe in a different set of orincioles
8 to march to a different drummer
d without further talk / thought Or-
9
10
to fluff one's lines
to have the gift of the gab e to be able to use language effectively
L.g
followinr
11 to sell like hotcakes f to keep talking or complaining about st
12 Jekyll and Hyde g to speak badly or forget one's lines in a play
13 to harp on h to sell well
Ov
14 to blow one's own trumoet i sb with both an evil and a good personality Ov
j to boast, or to praise oneself SI
OH
lll Ott ol the words in each of the following sentences is wrong. Replace it with one 0l those prouided.
15 The road to heaven is paved with good intentions. 19 A picture is worth a million words.
OH
a nome a thousand Ov
b hell b ten
c Rome c
d theatre d
hundred
billion 3.4
16 Song is long and life is short. 20 Play the piper, call the tune.
aan a posr 1T
b death D pay
c hope c pride
d wait d poster 2 ...
17 LiIe isn't all rum and skittles.
a smile
21 To do a long story short.
a near
3v
b water b make / cut
c beer c understand 4..
d read d want
18 A rose by any other name would sniff as sweet. 22 lt takes three to tango. 5 /,
a sway a four
b smell b polka 6..
c seem c walz
d sigh d two
7..
llf
IU Try to say the following nursery rhymes out loud.
80
Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, where have you been? Needles and pins, needles and pins,
l've been up to London to look at the queen. When a man marries his trouble begins. 9..
Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, what did you there? Early to bed and early to rise,
I frightened a little mouse under the chair. Makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 104
lg of the
EDUCATION
STUDYING AND EXAMINATIONS
I
I In small gr0ups, discuss these questions.
O What kind of student are you? Do you study

steadily throughout the year or do you try to
cram everything before exam times?
O How do you study? Do you prefer to study
alone or in groups? Do you like to study for
long periods of time or in small chunks? Do
you have any special tips that you could
suggest?
2 *6it Listen to the radio programme and answer the

following questions.
ay
O What is the secret of being a good student?
v O What is the difference between a prepared
student and an unprepared student?
O How does a prepared student study?
O How should an unprepared student study?
O What is the danger of study groups?
3 *4, Listen to the radio programme again and linish the sentences below. Then explain their meaning.
1 There is only one issue facing students, and
2 ...s/udenfs everywhere are busily
4 ...there must be more
5 I cannot sfress enouoh
6 ...you should always be
7 ...everybody pools their
8 Of course, you're always at ...............
9 ...you are relying
10 And for all you students out there, good
. EDUCATION . 185
SECONDARY SCHOOL
I A > You sit down at a desk in class and find a really nice pencil case
I Read the text on the right about
under the seat. It's just the kind you have always wanted, but your mother
secondary school dilemmas. What
refuses to buy it for you because it costs too much. Someone has obviously
would you do in these situations?
left it there by mistake. Do you give it to the teacher, leave it where it is, or
rl keep it for yourself?
/ Can you thinkol any similar
B > Some of the older kids at school are bullying you. They push you
school dilemmas that you ot
a lriend have had to go through? around in the halls during lunch break, and they even knocked you down
What were they? What did you do? and stole your lunch money once. You're afraid to tell your parents,
because they'd probably make a fuss in front of everyone and make things
tt
.l Read the text on the right again even worse. I wr,,
term "p
and highlight all the useful C > There's an exam coming up in your maths class and you know you you hav
collocations that you want to will do poorly because you have been ill for a long time and have fallen your col
remember. Then use them in behind. You would ask your teacher if you can take the exam later, but he is
sentences of your own and check
with your teacher.
the strictest and nastiest teacher in the school, and you're sure he'll say no.
As you wait for the teacher to finish talking to another student, you see the f ,nu
children
answer sheet to the exam lying on the table. good thi
D > You were playing in the gym yesterday when you saw some older
children vandalising the locker room. Now the headmaster has called you
into his office and accused you of the vandalism. The children who did it
$ roor
famous
are oldeq bigger, and tougher, and you know that the whole school hates a Which
rat. On the other hand, the headmaster is threatening to call your parents provide
and suspend you from school. would yr
E > Your boyfiiend / girlfiiend has asked you for help in writing a book
report. You start by trying to make a few suggestions, but it soon becomes {'n,
school t
obvious that s/he hasn't read the book and wants you to write the report
curriculr
yourself.
atmosph
Secondary School
to teach corporal punishment deputy head (GB) / assistant
to examine to lag / fall behind the class principal (US)
to substituie for sb off the roll janitor (GB)/ custodian (US)
to learn crrcnpndpd // pvnpllpd
v/\Pv,,vu guidance counsellor
to study prrvdtu \ ^+^t^
^"i.,^t^ )tdtc ^^k^^t^
)Liluur) notice board (GB) / bulletin
to cram / swot public school (GB US) board (US)
"
to memorise / learn by heart parental involvement chal k
to do one's homework parents'meeting t0cKer r00m
to make a mistake tuition / school lees teachers' room / staffroom
to write legibly grammar school (GB) headmaste/s oflice
legible handwriting high school (US) computer room
to revise (GB)i review (US) secon0ary scn00r language lab
to cheat gymnasium / gym
apprentice school
cheat sheet / crib boarding school cafeteria / lunch room
to copy scfiool report
syllabus / curriculum
to go to school / universlty
compulsory subjects certilicate / diploma
io pay attention school-leaving examinalion
optional / elective subjects
to make / take notes to sit (for) / take / do an exam
extracurricular activities
to write / jot down mock-exam
bunk (ofr)
break (GB) / recess (US)
lo play truant / sxip classes / interview
classroom
to take attendance written " oral
to mark /grade
timetable (GB) / schedule (US)
/ to pass an exam ' fail an exam
to correct
headmaster /headmistress (GB) school
principal (US)
bullying
PUBLIC SCHOOL
lse
rother
dously d SPRINGDALE
t is, or q co-ed boarding school ffi
#
,EI
you
Curriculum
#
lown
6 Most major subjects are taught, but classes are optional.
the student is not interested. he or she doesn't have to attend.
If
ff
things tr \ff'
| *nut do you undJrstand by the
rY
&
\l
Atmosphere .\\
U
lerm "public school" in Britain? Do 4d1
'gl Very informal. Teachers do not try to influence or guide the
v you di
you haue any similar institution in 'gl students in any way. Teachers and students are seen as equals. H
kt!
llen 'v
your G0untry?
rut he is Most school matters are decided in general school meetings,
tt ffi in which every student and teacher has an equal vote.
iay no.
iee the
lWnal is your opinion of sending srr;, Rules and discipline
ffi
children to boarding sch00ls? ls it a
good thing or a bad thing? Everyone has to respect other people and their property.
H
ilder
at
tr Extra-curricular activities
'
I you (
tid ir
.l Look at the description of two Drama, art, games, field trips to various interesting places,
famous public schools in Britain.
U etc. Ernphasis on creativity, with competitive sports ffi'
lates a Which one do you think would sl *
provide a better education? Which
H discourased.
ents r,ll
{il
v
would you rather go to? Why?
L book DOVECOTE MANOR

lomes { ln smalt groups, describe the all-male boarding school
school you went to. What kind of
)ort
curriculum did it have? What kind of
Curriculum
Classics such as history, Greek, and Latin,
06Y
atmosphere?
as well as modern subjects such as
chemistry and computers.
Atmosphere
Very fbrmal. There is a dress code. Students
wear boaters and blazers. Teachers wear
suits, gowns, and mortarboards. Students
are expected to be formal and courteous
towards their teachers and each other.
Rules and discipline
Strict rules about when students are to be
in bed, manners and behaviour. Punishment
used to include beatings, but now is mostly
community service such as picking up
rubbish or cleaning bathrooms.
Extra-curricular activities
Drama clubs, debating societies,
philosophical societies, chess clubs, etc.
Heavy emphasis on competitive sport:
membership of military cadet force
obligatory.
. EDUCATION . 187
UNIVERSITY $ nruo
I
I Role play
Possible roles:
Barbora's sister
her parents There ar
a recruiter from a large computer
counting
c0mpany
institutio
a friend who studies philosophy
school counsellor. other hig
Buckingl
Situation: There an
Barbora is in her second year at a large higher a
American university. Al'ter trying out a
educatior
few subjects, she has decided that she
really wants to major in philosophy. She
has taken a few introductory courses
Univers
and is f-ascinated by the subject. The
only problem is that she is worried
VIhy am I so ttnhappy here? instituti
3
about whether or not she will be able to 4___.
to find ajob when she finishes college. There are many reasons for you to be unhappy, even if you had been
planning to come to the U.S. for a very long time. You may be 5
Although part of her tuition is being
paid by a small scholarship, Barbora is experiencing culture shock - every international student experiences it between
paying for most of her education at least once, and maybe more often than that, during his or her stay.
through student loans, and she will owe Cultural adjustment usually happens over many months in 4 stages:
quite a bit of money when she finishes
university. Her older sister recently : students usually are very happy and excited
graduated in computer programming to be in the U.S. They enjoy all of the new things and are
and immediately fbund a well-paid job, confident.
and has been urging her to "get real"
and study something that will lead to a : students become frustrated and ansrv at
"real career". What should she do? the same things that made them happy during the
honeymoon stage. They don't like the fbod, the people, the
school, their apartment, or the unfamiliarity. They miss their
family and fiiends a lot. This is the stage that most people
call "culture shock".
: students begin to relax and realize that they

at will like some things; about the new culture and won't like Uni
lWould you like to be a student at other things. They often think that their cultural and
an American university? What language mistakes are funny instead of frustrating.
h ig her
c0 il eg(
problems do you think you could come
0xbrid
up against? ls it easy to stay away lrom feel comfortable in the new culture.
: students entranr
home for such a long time? How would
even though they still may not like certain things. tobee
you put up with the new environment?
IO SIUI
The lollowing is an excerpt from It's important to remember that sometimes you can go back to a stage
lnternational Student Guide to Living several times (you may experience the hostility stage a lot) or you may
& Adapting at Eastern Michigan pass right through a stage in a very short time. The important thing to
University describing four stages
remember is that the hostility stage is not permanent. Talking to other
every student has to go through. They
international students may help, and so might keeping a diary. The
are relerred lo as:. Humor Stage, Home
Stage, Honeymoon Stage and Hostility internet has many places where you can write to people and tell them
Sfage. Read the text and insert the your problems. It may also help if you talk to an American student who
right title lor each paragraph. has been to your country.

tt
.l Read the text and fill in the following expressions: catered tuition on ly c0mpared
adm it further raise e ntran ce
deg rees appointing mature g rants
Universities and Higher Education Golleges

There are 89 publicly-funded universities in the UK, More young people are entering higher education than
counting the Universities of Wales and London as single ever before - about one in three, as 6_ to one in
institutions and including the Open University and 65 eight in 1979. More recent universities and colleges
other higher education institutions. The University of have 7 _ increasingly to 8_ students and
Buckingham is the 1_ independent university. those without traditional 9_ qualifications.
There are about 3,000 private colleges providing both
higher and 2______ education. Some 300 further Higher education institutions are mainly funded by
education colleges also ofTer higher education courses. central government 10_ paid through the Higher
Education Funding Council and from tuition fees.
Universities and most other higher education British students usually have their 11_ fees paid
re? institutions enjoy complete academic freedom, for them by their local education authority. Many
3_ their own staff and deciding which str"rdents institutions also receive funding for research fiom
lad been to 4_______, what and how to teach, and which Research Councils, charities, and industry. Universities
may be 5______ to award. Most first-degree courses last and higher education colleges are also known to
:iences it between two and four years. 12- finance from the private sector.
)r stay.
:ages: GAREtrRS GRADtrS AR@UND GAM]PUS
I excited
; and are
angry at
:ing the
ople, the
niss their
rt people
that they
/on't like
University to cfrange schools student / undegraduate
rral and higher education
campus professor
g assembly hall to lecture / read
t- college
dining hall chancellor (GB) / president (US)
0xbridge
'culture, lecture hall dean
entrance examination / admlssion
lrbrary department head
to be admitted to
to study humanities
halls oI residence / hostel (GB) / IUIO T
+^^Âi^^ ^^î^+^^+ /T A \
dormitory (US) r.udr,r ilr ru d))r)tdr il. \ r.fl../
) a stage sc i ence
to apply for a scholarship credit
iou may taw to be eligible for paper
thing to medicine
dentistry
to get a grant / financial ald to graduate lrom
tn npt e donrop in ct
_ with honours
loan
to other
computer science lo enrol (GB) / enroll (US) to have a degree in st
iry. The at technical university bachel or
en rolment
ell them at business school academic year master
ent who at School of Economics term / semester (US) BA BA (Hons) MA, PhD BSc
to concentrate / focus on to take a course graduation ceremony
. EDUCATION. 189
EDUCATION PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I
I The expressions in the Ieft columu are used as euphemisms when talking about education. Match them with their I The exl
meanings in the right column. sentencer
1 backward a developing early a
2 education welfare manager b someone who returns to class after vears b

3 special pupil c a truancy olficer c
4 special school
d cooking and housekeeping
d
5 home economics
e entry to a university without previous examination
e
f pupil suffering from a mental or physical
6 late developer abnormality t
7 mature student sl poor scholar (,
8 less prepared h very dull h
9 not a great reader i naughty or stupio
I
10 precocious j illiterate
k school for special pupils i
11 open access
12 maladjusted
I of inferior attainment
TI
|| Compare the following extracl with your experience of the educational system in your country. Are ihere any tl
differences? Give a talk ab0ut y0ur attitude to this problem and suggest ways of tackling it. || Comg
differencr
The American educational system is based on the as the British and many other systems do. Through
idea that as many people as possible should have access secondary school and sometimes in post-secondary The
to as much education as possible. This fact alone institutions as well, the American system tries to unfamiliar
distinguishes the U.S. system from most others, since in accommodate students even if their academic aspirations also bece
most others the objective is as much to screen people and aptitudes are not high, even if they are physically than is tr
out as it is to keep them in. The U.S. system has no (and in some cases mentally) handicapped, and even if Instead, I
standardized examinations whose results systematically their native language is not English. themselvr
prevent students from going on to higher levels of study, (From Garu Atthen: Ameilcan wavs. Beprinted with permission ot tntercutturat
intellectur
'Press.
lnc..Yarmouth. ME. Copyrignt teAAt. time learr
ttt
| | | fne lollowing adverbs are typically connected with the verbs T0 STUDY and/or T0 LEARN. Match them with the
appr0priate verb. lll 'n'
13 by head 17 gradually appropria
14 thoroughly 18 fast
11
15 in detail 19 conscientiously
12i
I
16 from experience 20 by doing

13 I
14f
tlt 15 (
I lf Read the text below and fill in the following expressions.

BEYOND FOR IN WHOSE DURING OF FROM AND IN CONTRAST TO BY
21-theUnitedKingdom,pub|icschoo|,a|soca||edindependentschoo|,isoneofare|ative|ysma||
l\f *"
groupofinstitutionseducatingsecondary-|eve|students22-afeeandindependent23-the
StateSyStemasregardsbothendowment24-administration.Theterm..pub|icschoo|,,emergedinthe1Bth
centurywhenthereputationofcertaingrammarschoo|sspread25-theirimmediateenvirons.Theybegan school se
taking students 26_ parents could afford residential fees and thus became known as public, 27 year schc
|oca|,schoo|s.Bythe|ate20thcenturytheterm..independentschoo|,,wasincreasing|ypreferred28-the
institutions themselves. The typical great public school - such as Eton, Harrow, Winchester, Westminster, Rugby, funds. Th
Shrewsbury,orCharterhouse-evo|ved29-aninstitutionfoundedbyasing|ebenefactor30-the 27
late Eurooean Middle Aoes or Renaissance. these scf

T
EDUCATION - AND MORE PRACTICE...
with their I The expressions in the left column are used as euphemisms when talking about education. Put them back into the
sentences' 1 No student ever gets expelled any more, though he may suffer
a slow upstairs
b less academic 2 was iust another word for idleness or stupiditv.
c concentration problem 3 He clearly has a _ to put it mildly.

4 There is a soecial course for the active
d ADD (attention deficit disorder)
nination 5 is what used to be called crammino.
e school phobia syndrome
6 An _ child can be either stupid, or "unusually good", in its
f academic dismissal literal sense.
g sent down 7 lf children are _ they are stupid or unteachable.
h underachiever 8 He is very good with his hands but, unfortunately, a bit
I developmental course
9 The disease which made it imoossible for the child to attend
i exceptional school was the newly identified "
10 You can get _ (from university) because of
misconduct or failure to achieve minimal results.
lhere any tt
|| Compare the lollowing extract with your experience 0f the educational syslem in your country. Are there any
differences? What is your opinion? Write a paragraph and have it correcled by your teacher.
Through
3COnOary The American approach to teaching may seem statistics, and computers. Americans believe that if
tries to unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but children are taught to reason and to research well, they
spirations also because there is less emphasis on learning facts will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout
rhysically than is true in the systems of many other countries. the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is
rd even if Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for considered more important than the accumulation of facts,
themselves, to analyze, to explore, to develop their own which often grow obsolete.
rcultural
intellectual and creative abilities. Students soend much
time learning how to use resource materiats, tibraries, F|::iX::'E;:::iE:i!'3:;;X;^1,"n!;"0''*"0'''npermissionortntercutturat
with the
r
llt
|| | The lollowing adverbs are typically c0nnected with the verbs T0 READ and/or T0 WRITE. Match them with the
appropriate verb.
11 brilliantly 16 wittily
12 aloud 17 vividly
13 knowledgeably 18 over and over again
14 from cover to cover 19 (il)legibly
15 convincingly 20 with great interest
BY llt
I lf Read the text below and lill in the lollowing expressions.
ely small
_ the APPROXIMATELY TO THROUGH OR BY OF IN THROUGHOUT MOST HOWEVER

the 18th In most school systems 21_ the United States, high school is any three- to six-year secondary
)y oegan schoolservingStudentS22-13(orfourteenorfifteen)through18years23-age.ofteninfour-
year schools the different levels are designated, in ascending order, freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior.
_ Ine MostAmericanhighschoo|sarepub|ic-meaningthattheyaretuition.free,supported24-state
, Rugby, funds.Thereare'25-,anumberofprivatehighschoo|s26-thecountry,supportedgenera||y
_ the 27-acombinationoftuitionchargesandprivategrants28endowments.29-ot
theseschoo|sofferprimari|yacademiccourSeS30-co||ege-orientedstudents,andmanyaresectarian.
. EDUCATION. 191
HOLIDAYS /rn
which pi
I Look at the following pictures rx AIAtAA r**-*& C
* t g*rrll A
I and
say which holidays they reler to and h*a$*n$ fir*elinss
*"4t1+4" * *ry+ v -iJ
(
what you know about them. Are they ffihr{xkrl*t Ir
also celebrated in your country? T
N
E
N/
{r
1r.7 ,' .\
;i. \
Remember Our Countrv's
Heroes on Uf nnORtAt dnY
,
,D\ L,
,'ffi C
'ru\S H
M
M
V
M
M
S1
txilt:
METEMAffi$Dffi St
w
AI
Ar
St
F.z
m(
4tu,t I h
i
La
Ar
{
"$ rg5' j
'tfr CI
q,., CT
Honoring America's Bc
Work Force K}dW k

Ne
Inr
Labor Day
I Inl
Tr,
MNWWW WNW Bi
Mi
Fa
HAPPY
MOTHER'S DAY
r.| .l
I ne names ol months have been deleted. Decide il fne following pictures are symbols ol some ol the
which paragraph belongs to which month. holidays mentioned opposite, connected with the way lhey
are celebrated. ldentilythem and speakaboutthe customs,
comparing them with the celebration in your country.
All Saints' Day (1)
Guy Fawkes Night / Bonfire Night (5 - GB)
t$ Armistice / Remembrance / Veterans Day
*i (11-GBiUS)
r{.{tb International Students' Day (17)
Thanksgiving (fourth Thursday - US)
New Year's Day (1)
Epiphany / Twelfih Night (6)
Martin Luther King Day (third Monday - US)
Australia Day (26;
Lord Mayor's Show (9 - GB)
Columbus Day (second Monday - US)
Halloween (31)
May Day (1)
May Day Bank Holiday (first Monday * GB)
VE-Day (B)
Mother's Day (second Sunday)
Memorial Day (last Monday - US)
r,_{{ Spring Bank Holiday (last Monday * GB)
r..l{U' St. Valentine's Day (14)

Washington's Birthday (third Monday - US)
All Fools Day / April Fools Day
Anzac Day (25)
D St. Patrick's Day (Ireland, US)

Easter (the first Sunday after the first full
moon after the spring equinox)
h Labor Day (first Monday - US)
l August Bank Holiday (last Monday - GB)
j Christmas Eve (24)
Christmas Day (25)
Boxing Day (26)
New Year's Eve (31)
k Independence Day (4 - US)
I Intemational Children's Day (1)
Trooping the Colour / The Queen's Official
Birthday (second Saturday - GB)
Midsummer Day (21- GB)
Father's Day (third Sunday - US)
's\
)
. HOLIDAYS. 193
{ *n'rn description fits to the following holidays?
I Martin Luther King Day 6 Bank Holiday 1l Labor Day l6 Thanksgiving

) St. Valentine's Dav 7 Mother's Day 12 Halloweeir 17 Australia Day
3 Washinston's Birthday 8 Memorial Day 13 All Saints' Dav 18 Anzac Day
4 St. Patrick's Dav 9 Independence Day 14 Guv Fawkes Night 19 All Fools'Day
5 tr,lIstef l0 Troqping the Col6ur 15 Veierans Day 20 May Day
An offlcial public holiday when all banks and post A public holiday in Australia, commemorating the
oftices are closed, as well as most tactories, offices landing of the British in 1788.
and shops.
It was first celebrated in 162l by the English settlers
A public holiday in Australia and New Zealand of the Plymouth Colony, after the first harvest
commemorating the Anzacs (i.e. Australian and New fbllowing a winter of starvation and disease.
Zealand Anny Corys) landing in Gallipoli in 1915. Nowadays the whole nation gives thanks fbr a good
harvest and the generous gifts ofnature. On this day
This is a sweetheafis' day. People send cards as a
the Americans have the biggest f'east of the year.
token of love. Those who are in love express their
affection for their partner. Gr.ry Fawkes ( l-570 - 1606). was one of several
Roman Catholic conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot
3 The
George Washington was the first U.S. President. His I On ti
who tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament. Under
birlhday was the first f-ederal holiday to honor an A par
torture he revealed the names of the other conspirators
American citizen. His birlhday was Febmary 22nd, On tt
and was convicted and executed. In towns and
but it is celebrated on the third Monday in February. Two
villages you can see bonfires burning, fireworks
Maftin Luther King was a clergyman who is ranked banging and rockets shooting across the sky. In the On tt
among the greatest Americans. He fought for flll civil weeks before, you will see groups of children pushing Threr
rights tbr people and preached non-violence. He was an old pram with a figure inside that looks like a And r
assassinated. scarecrow. The children will ask passers-by for

This holiday celebrates the resurrection of Jesus "a penny for the guy".
12 On th
Christ in the Christian church. It symbolizes new lif'e People decorate graves with flowers. lay wreaths. burn Twel'
and fiesh hope. candles, pay rcspect to the iamily dead. Eleve
It is of celebration for people of Irish descent.
a time p On this day, the dead of all wars are rcmembered. In
In New York City a parade is held on the lrish patron the US, the president and other high officials place a
saint's f'estival day. wreath on the Tcrmb of the Unknown Soldier at
On this day Americans honour their war dead. Special
cercmonies are held in cemeteries or at monuments
for the war dead by veterans of military services.
Some hold parades and others hold rnemorial services
Arlington National Cemetery outside Washington,
D.C. In Britain on Remembrance Sunday, the Sunday
nearest to Armistice Day, the chief cer-ernclny is the
laying of wreaths at the Cenotaph in London.
M
/a
or special progranunes in churches, schools, or other r Although it is not really a holiday, this day is regularly
public meeting places. observed. People play practical jokes on each other.
j
This day is regarded as the birthday of the US as a
t-ree and independent nation. Picnics with patr-iotic
speeches and parades are held. It is also a day on
which flreworks displays flll the skies in the evening.
The flying of flags is common.
An annual ceremony held on the Ofticial Birthday of
the sovereign on Horse Guard Parade, London, when
s
t
Some news organizations also spread hoaxes.
Children pretend to be goblins, witches and ghosts.
They make.jack-o'-lantems out of pumpkins and put
on costumes and rnasks.
lt's day on which children honour their mothers.
a
give them gifts, or perhaps take them to a restaurant
fbr dinner.
st* n
regiments of the Guards Division, and the Household

u
I Pantor
Cavalry, parade ("troop") the regimental flag

("colour") before the soverei-en. The ceremony dates
In Britain this day may be best known for its tradition
of dancing round the Maypole and crowning of the
May Queen. This day is also called International
| ',''C,j?
from the l8th century and was originally a guard-
mounting ceremony.
Workers' Day or Labour Day (to commemorate the
Haymarket Riot of 1886 in Chicago, Illiois) liHii
It has neither political nor religious origin, nor is it
celebrated in aury unifbnn way. lts purpose is to
honour the nation's working people. For most
F
! Alter linishing Exercise 4, add to each h0liday the date,
II Bsil
Christ
Americans it marks the end of the summer season.
as in Exercise 2. I spruce
| :;:ilt
CHRISTMAS
I
iglvlng
lia Da"y
I imi Christmas greetings
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.
Day
rls'Day Wishing you every happiness in the New Year.
ay
Season's Greetings.
.r
pw*
rg the about Christmas. Describe the pictures 0n the left.
/Talk
Has Christmas lost its true meaning in becoming
settlers commercialised?
t
Do you think that non-Christians should still celebrate
Christian holidays?
a good
5is day Is Christmas really a pagan festival?
tar.
How do you celebrate Christmas and New Year's Eve?
'al
ler Plot
$ tn, Twelve Days ol Christmas
rt. Under
1 On the first day of Christmas my true love sent to me Ten lords a-leaping,
A partridge in a pear tree. Nine ladies dancing,
tspirators
d 2 On the second day of Christmas my true love sent to me Eight maids a-milking,
Two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree. Seven swans a-swimming,
:ks
ln the 3 On the third day of Christmas my true love sent to me Six geese a-laying,
pushing Three French hens, two turtle doves, Five gold rings,
ea And a partridge in a pear tree. Four colley birds,
Three French hens,
)r
Two turtle doves,
12 On the twelfth day of Christmas my true love sent to me And a partridge in a pear tree.
rths, burn Twelve drummers drumming
Eleven pipers piping,
:red. In
place a
\'" illll
,4,1 \
-"q
at
gton,
{
Sunday
is the i6r
regularly
, other.
hosts.
end put
lets,
aurant Christmas sprigs o{ mistletoe to do Christmas shopping m I nce-p res
Pantomimes holly decorated shop-windows Jruit cake

.radition fairy tales tri nkets nriirriirr cnono // nrih
urru // nronho
urvurrw egg nog
cf the Cinderella ti nsel to fill stockings with presents pumpkin pie
nal Little Red Riding Hood a string of lights to hang up stockings cranberry sauce
ite the Beauty and ihe Beast a star at the top to write and send off Christmas to pour brandy over Christmas
Puss in Boots
homemade ornaments cards pudd i ng
Babes in the Wood
waln uts
Peter Pan Christmas food Carols and other songs
paper chains
goose
the date, Christmas tree strings ol popcorn
stufied roast turkey ' Silent Night
enn no Qnnic nino fried carp with potato salad Jingle Bells
^r vuwrJ vilrw to decorate the tree
cookies White Christmas
can0res to hang things on the tree
pastr es Good King Wenceslas
sparKrers tn drnnlp frnm ihp trpp I
. HOLIDAYS. 195
HOLIDAYS
I
I The expressions on the lett are used when talking about holidays. Match them with of holidays on the right. I tn,,,
1 trick or treat a Valentine's Day thr

2 carol singers b Christmas 2hr
3 anonymous romantic cards c Guy Fawkes Night 3tu
4 Queen's message d Halloween 4cr
5 Auld Lang Syne e the Queen's official birthday
5 fir
6 I 6pr
bonf ire Maunday Thursday - Thursday before Easter
7th
7 green beer g New Year's Eve 8dr
8 Pilgrim Fathers h Saint Patrick's Day 9di
9 Maundy money i Thanksgiving 10M
10 Trooping the Colour j Christmas Day
IT
llThef
TT any diffe
|| The following exlract is a description ol a holiday. Gompare it wilh similar celebrati0ns in your c0untry. Are there
any difterences? In 1968 r
changing
Festivals are usually devoted to merrymaking. One of night of "Fat Tuesday," which is the literal translation of the holidays
the most famous in the United States is Mardi Gras in French"Mardi Gras."Everyyearthousandsof touristscrowd legal holi
New Orleans. The custom was brought f rom France New Orleans to see elaborate floats, dancing in the streets, by this
by the early settlers of Louisiana. and the colorful crowning of a queen by Rex, the Lord of Washing
Mardi Gras is a time of feasting and fun just before Misrule. Memorial
Lent begins. The celebrations start sometime in January, (From Compton's lnteractive Encyclopedia Deluxe (July a),
though the most elaborate activities take place during @ 1999 The Learning Company, lnc.)
Columbur
the week preceding Ash Wednesday. They end on the Day (four
Thursday
25). In 1€
ttt
|| | fne expressions 0n the left g0 with the verbs 0n the right. Match them.
lll "'
11 money for charities a carve 11 Ci
12 a speech b play 12 tra
13 tricks on each other c takes place 13 lor
14 hidden eggs d hold 14 al
15 old traditions e arrives at 15 Nc
16 this popular event f deliver 16 Gt
17 jack-o-lanterns out of large pumpkins g keep up 17 al
18 oarties h search / look for 18 Cr
19 the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 i collect 19 tht
20 the Queen in full regalia in a spectacular horse-drawn carriage j is commemorated 20 Sa
l\f n"
l\f nrro the text below and fill in rhe tollowing prepositions.
Origin r
TO AS FOR IN BY IN OF ACROSS AT THAN Festivals;
Bank Holiday connectec
ln Britain, any of several days designated 21_ holidays 22-the Bank Holidays Act of 1871 and a 24
supplementary act of 1875 23- all the banks in England, Wales, Northern lreland, and Scotland. Although rejorcrng.
these days are not statutory public holidays, their observance is no longer limited 24_ banks. 26
By March 2, 1933, more 25_20 states in the U.S.A. had declared bank "holidays" to stop panic withdrawals.
Then Governor Lehman closed all banks and stock exchanges 26_ New York. Governor Horner did the same Many n
in lllinois. 27 a few days banking operations were halted 28- the country. The economic life indicate. I
29-thenationwasa|most30-astandsti||'TheAmericanpeop|eawaitedRooseve|t'sso|ution. called fear
(From Compton's lnteractive Encyclopedia Deluxe @ 1999 The Learning Company, lnc.) other occ(
HOLIDAYS - AND MORE PRACTICE...
I
tht. I The expressions 0n the left are used when talking about holidays. Match them with the holidays 0n the right.
t hot cross buns a Columbus Day

2 holly and ivy b Christmas
3 turkey and pumpkin pie c Good Friday
4 crackers d Halloween
5 first-footing following Hogmanay e Independance Day
6 pancake I Shrove Tuesday, Lent
ter
7 the Declaration of lndeoendence g New Year's Day
8 dunking for apples h May Day
9 discovery of America i Thanksgiving
10 May Queen, maypole or Morris dancing j Christmas Day
ll The following extract is a list 0l American holidays. Compare them with similar celebrati0ns in your country. Are there
||
any differences?
Are lhere
In l963Congresspassedabill-effectivein 1971 - Veterans Day back to November 11, which was originally
changing the days of observance of three existing legal Armistice Day. In 1986, the birlhday of Madin Luther King,
on of the holidays to Mondays and making Columbus Day a ninth Jr., became the tenth legal holiday (third Monday in January).
sts crowd legal holiday. The nine legal public holidays established Sunday is the only holiday under common law. When a
o airaaic
by this bill were: New Year's Day (January 1), legal holiday falls on Sunday, the holiday is observed on the
-. Lord of Washington's Birthday (third Monday in February), following day.
Memorial Day (last Monday in May), Independence Day from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe
lia Deluxe (July a), Labor Day (first Monday in September), @ 1999 The Learning Company, lnc')
oany, tnc.) Columbus Day (second Monday in October), Veterans
Day (fourth Monday in November), Thanksgiving (fourlh
Thursday in November), and Christmas Day (December
25). In 1978, the government moved the observance of
ttI
|| | The expressions 0n the lelt g0 with the verbs 0n the righl. Match them.
11 Christmas wishes a revived
12 traditions have all but b is flown
13 local celebration are being c is put on in London
14 agift d fulfil
15 Notting Hill Carnival e is honoured on March 1
16 Guy Fawkes tried to f covered with brandy and set alight
17 a man called Black Rod g blow up Parliament
)r 18 Christmas pudding is h bring
19 the national flag i leads the Queen
teo 20 Saint David, the patron saint of Wales j died out
tlt
I lf Read the text below and fill in the following prepositi0ns.
AS FOR WITH IN SINCE FROM WITH TO OF IN

Origin of Festivals and Holidays
Festiva|sandho|idayshavebeence|ebrated21-ancienttimes.Theear|iestfestiva|sSeemtohavebeen
connected22offerings23-thedead.Later,peop|ece|ebratedthechange
ano a 24-SeaSonSwithfestiva|s'P|antingtimeandharvestofferingstimeWereoccasions25-Special
rugh rejoicing. The festivals of the ancient Greeks and Romans were elaborate affairs" The Romans celebrated Lupercalia
26-FebruaryandSaturna|iainmid-December.Dances,amUSementS,andofferingsofpresentswereming|ed
lrawals. 27_ pagan religious rites.
re same Manymodernfestiva|sandho|idaysoriginated28-re|igiousce|ebrations,29-bothterms
life indicate. These celebrations usually included sacred communal meals, 30 which the term festivals, also
lution. called feasts, was derived. And the word holiday originally meant "holy day." Holidays celebrating historic events and
pany, Inc.)
other occasions came later.
From Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe @ 1999 The Learning Company, lnc.)
. HOLIDAYS. 197
MODERN SOCIEry I
the part
missing
neao
anywherr
Thisv
{
GLOBALIZATION ofr
equipr
a't
I Look at the ten words and try to I Now read the following newspaper headline. Can you guess what the article 3 the ur
put them inlo pairs lo form names might be about? Can you give some concrete points the article could touch upon?
of some world problems.
:il:i
c ;;;:l
. mania
crisis World Gulture Resists econo
ec0n0mtc led m
agriculture
globalization
Bowing to Commerce D
restru(
wasre
industrial reflec
genetic extinction
ge()gr
predo
techno engineering
t'edera
E n:.;
r't p and
Ji tgSi Now listen to the speaker talking about globalization and what lnaugt
she sees as the luture of people in the 21st century. This is a summary ol the
talk. Fill in the missing words according to the meaning.
f oo,
Those in favour of globalization think that I
relationships are vital to successful developments in the future. On the
$
and write
*on
country?
contrary, as the speaker suggests, this 2 is nol
right. Only when 3 are well developed is it
{ Worf with another student. Using
I Ec<
the expressions below, try to prepare
I
possible to create commercial and 4 institutions. a similar talk to deliver at a student I transl(
Civil society movenrent groLrps are determined to

conference. First make a plan of your
talk, stating the main ideas.
I
I
I
hul:ii
tUtL
local cultures. However, the position of culture

II mass
cenlra
-oti
|
today is not very strong, and it has to 6 its role
G loba lization I low-w
as a political force. The new international WCO (World Cultural

I ecO
nlnhel ctrooi nqrtioc

I workir
Organization) is meant to be a counterpart to the existing industrial ized countries I enterp
'
developed countries less well- I pace c
It is necessary fbr world leaders to identify developed countries I mo,
developing' underdeveloped I export

with the interests of the 8 society and take the to impoverish I balanr
" to become richer and
ri cher I Prtce
time to listen to those protesting in the streets. lf people start sharing their
growing influence of multinational I cheap
own cultures with others, the 2lst century could mean a truly humane c0rp0ralr0ns
impact on the envrronment
| ,'.Jiff
of commerce and trade. Nevertheless. loss of traditional values II econo
flSlnq
if the l0 fail to take this opportunity, the world's
IMF -
lnternational Monetary Fund I
I
r
^r-i
iiltl
skinheads . anarchists
future could look rather dim. bottle battles and violence
I the co
I bankrt

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SITUATION
I ln many respects, the partition of Czechoslovakia in
1993 represented for the
I Read the following text. Put in
emergent Czech Republic an economizing measure far more effective than any
the parts of sentences that are
missing.One part does not fit that domestic government policy could hope to accomplish. While the Czech
anywhere. Republic and Slovakia officially shared the status of successors to the federal
state, long-standing inequities in economic development gave the Czechs a
{ This was particularly true in the case decided advantage at independence. Rigid compartmentalization under the
of military installations and Czechoslovak planned economy made Slovakia, with its mineral resources and
equipment hydroelectric potential, a major producer of armaments for the former Communist
the unprecedented requirements fbr" nations of eastern Europe. The econony of the Czech Republic, on the other
he article 3 hand, 1_____. Similarly, the transition to a market economy initiated aftel the
rch up0n?
dividing the economy assumed a
somewhat tentative order of priority so-called Velvet Revolution of 1989 lagged behind in Slovakia. Irrespective of
deeper societal factors, these imbalances predisposed Czechs to favour prrtition,
1] Problems associated with the
transition from a centrally planned while the Slovaks were divided in their view of the federal partnership as either
economy to a market-oriented one an obscuring shadow or a sheltering wing. Once the political breach came to
led many countries to completely seem inevitable. 2_____. At partition. the federal monetary system remained
resfialcture their social security essentially intact, each country identifying its currency supply by means of
applied stamps. The rapid economic divergence of the two republics, however,
p was relatively diversified and stable,
ended the arrangement after only one month, 3_____. The historic imbalance in
reflecting both a more amenable
government assets between the two territories made fair apportionment after
geography and the historic
partition a difficult goal. 4_____, of which the Czech Republic held the great
predominance of Czechs in the
majority. The bulk of Slovakia's military-industrial component, by contrast,
f-ederal administration
consisted in its armament manufacture, which had declined precipitously with
had caused a dramatic shorf-ternr
f the collapse of Communism. Despite its inherent advantages. the Czech economy
increase in prices and unemployment.
faced independence at a time when recent emergence from the Soviet bloc,
p and \eparale currencies were coupled with the rigours of privatization, 5_____. The government instituted a
inaugurated value-added tax in its effort to align the economy with Western markets.
( Fr ott En t vt' l olt u<' tl i u Il ri tutti c u 200 1 )
r'l
Z Go through the text again. Highlight any useful phrases and supply lheir Czech equivalents.
at
.t Working in groups 0l three, prepare a short summary 0f evenls that followed after the described developments
and write what the economic and p0litical situation is like at the moment. Which political party is now in power in your
country? For inspiration, l00k at the b0x below.
nt. Using
0 prepare Economic and Political Problems, Elections
a student transformed economy m0ney laun0erng to bring down the government winning party
half-f inished economic Clean Hands Campaign tn rpqinn / tn ctpn dnMrn Parliament x Congress
In 0l your / rv v,vy vvrrir
ref 0rms f inancial transparency no-c0nfidence vOte Lower Chamber x Upper

l.
mass privatisation c0 rru ptr 0 n electi ons Chamber
centralised x market- {inancial scandai npnpral
qur plpntinn
rwr ur urvurrvl v l6r2l plopli6J-1 Chamber of Deputies
-o ri ented political problems x by-electron Senate x House of
low-wage, low{ech the split of Czechoslovakia universal franchise / suffrage Representatives
ec0n0my a phase Slovakia had to go to register as a voter House of Lords x House of
\,\/orking practices tn roug n
Commons
e ecto rate
v lnrd llhrnnollnr
I
onlornrico ,wuL,uwru,,
roctr rnlr rrinn Qnorlror
vyvu,\v v
I v independence electoral register / roll ^
I Chairman
ell- I
pace of industrial
modern isation
the birth of a sovereign republic
political scene
to have the right to vote
fn nn tn thp y-,,-,
nnllq / iho
watchdog body
I .',- nnllin Y-' ',Ig
ll I pvnnrt enmnptitivpnpcq
balance oJ trade
Communist dictatorship
government x cabinet x
statl on
h^ ^, /^^^^"\
tu pui uiru5 udl ut
i^ rf,^
fi rst-past-the-post
hung parliament
cher and ! ll.rdpur / ilrLilu
price liberalisation administration to ful{il pre-election promises
a ballot box
I post-el ecto ral
cheap and qualified labour caretaker government of n0n-
tlonal I force elected technocrats
to cast a vote
demoralisation
t c0nstituency
the incentive to enter the EU (radical) right-wing x left-wing to tarnish rnternational
I to know the election results
I x centrist reputati on
economic stability to lose in the elections
I majority x minority party +^ ^î- ., +^ l^^^ ^ ^^^r to abuse the ideals o{ freedom
rising unemployment and tu gdil| tu ruJc d JUdr
/ Fund I
inflation coalition ^ an0 Oemocracy
I to win / to achieve a sweeping /
I the collapse of banks cross-party coalition landslide / overwhelming x
I
bankruptcy oppos ition marginal victory
. MODERN SOCIETY. 199

DISCRIMINATION
aaaaaaaaaoaaaaaaaaaaataaaaaaaaaaoaaaaaaa
I a a 'l tn,
I Read the following article and a
Microsoft sued for racial u
discuss whether a similar situalion a inf ormal

could arise in your country or not.
a
a
a
discrimination a
a
a
presidenl
correct r
a a
rt a
Software giant Microsoft is facing one of the a
word ord
/Talk to your neighbour. Do you a
largest discrimination suits in US history as a group of c
a a
happen to know what the outcome
ol this trial was?
a
a current and former employees accuse the firm of a
a
2 Ta*
questionr
a a
a racism and a "plantation mentality" in the workplace. a
a a
at a The seven African American plaintiffs are seeking a What ha
.f ln groups of four, if you were a
$Sbn in compensation, claiming they were paid less
o
the fbllo
the judge, what would your ruling a a
a a
be? Give reasons for your decision. a than their fellow employees and repeatedly passed a
a a Talk abc
a over for promotions given to less-qualified white workers. a
a a
trials wi
l| In your groups, answer the a
a
The workers, who are filing a class action suit against both a
a
following questions, using the a Microsoft and its figurehead Bill Gates, also claim to have been a
What, in
vocabulary lrom the box at the a a right wa
a subjected to racial harassment and retaliation when they a
bottom ol the page. a a
a comolained. a
a a
I What forms of racism ra Microsoft has declined to comment in detail a
a
have you come across recently? o
a
on the case but it has vigorously defended its a
a
How were they dealt with? o
a
commitrT'lent to diversity. While African-Americans a $ ontn,
a hotbeds
I What is the attitude of the
.a make up 2.7 per cent of Microsoft's workforce, a
terrorism
a
people you know towards racial ro minorities as a whole account tor 22.7 oer cent, a Then con
a
discrimination? raa companv spokesman Dean Katz said. a classmal
Did you r
aa
F a a a a a a I a a a a it a a I a a a a a a a a a a {t a o I a a I a a a a a a a c not, justi
! Emigration has increased in
recent years and has become a very a) Why do people emigrate?
controversial topic. The most
discussed questions are listed on b) Why are many people opposed to immigration?
{boxur'nn
belo
lhe right. Try to provide as many ol the cu
answers as possible. c) How can the host country profit from immigrants'? and pres
Discrimination, Racism, lmmigration

ethnic minority groups / to be entitled to equal rights to seek refuge levels the country can absorb /
c0mmunities to integrate into the majority refugees support
Gypsies / Romanies / c0mmunrty upsurge in crime cultural diversity
Romas
African American
racism
anti-Semitism
to discriminate against
prejudice against minorities
tension in the relations between
to combat racism
to emigrate x to immigrate
legal x illegal immigration
desperate economic or legal
situation
to corrupt traditions
tn dpcfrnv lnnrl nrrltrrro
problems of deprivation
exp loitation
ffi
racial discrimination sublect to intimidation political or religious cheap labour
ethnic cleansing to feel the hatred of sb persecution to take jobs away from the
racial disadvantage
pnrrrl nnnnrtLrnitipc
ln fool nnntomnl fnr qh economic reasons citizens ll;|il
anti-discrimination
to despise / treat sb as inferior
tn trort ch donpntlri
uvvw,,ul
better economic opportunities
influx of immigration
I oomo
leg islation to commit acts of violence to restrict immigration

to support unprivileged
minorities
to be mobbed
to shout abuse
to impose controls limiting
the numbers
ffi
200
WAR AND PEACE, TERRORISM
I
I The following extract provides As Serbia's president, Milosevic continued to dominate the new Federal
information about lhe former Republic of Yugoslavia, which had been inaugurated in 1992 and consisted of
president of Yugoslavia. Fill in the
only Serbia and Montenegro. He 1- (maintain) his power by his
correct verb forms. Change the
word order il necessary. repression of political opponents, his control of the mass media, and the
opportunistic alliances he formed with parties across the political spectrum,
rt
Z Talk about the lollowing 2-(include)theYugosIavUnitedLeft,theparty3-(lead)
questions to your neighbour. byhiswife.4-(Serve)twotermSaspresidentofSerbia,Milosevic
constitutionally 5_ (bar) from serving a third term. He retained power,
eking What happened to Milosevic in however, by having the federal parliament (elect) him to the
i less the tbllowing years? presidency of Yugoslavia in 1991 . Milosevic's attempt to cling to power by
ISSEO taking the federal presidency 7- (expose) him to indictment by the
Talk about more examples of
trials with former dictators.
International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia at the Hague,
t both Netherlands. As president of Serbia befbre 1991, it 8- (be) difficult
been What, in your opinion, is the tochargeMi1osevicwithanypossib1eoffences9-(commit)by
they right way to treat these people? Yugoslav troops during the war with Bosnia, but as president of Yugoslavia he
was also the commander-in-chief of the federal armed forces. He thus
10- (deem) responsible for any offenses against international law
committed during the Kosovo conflict and was indicted in May 1999.
at (From Britunnica 2001)
.l 0n the map, indicate the current
hotbeds ol international tension,
lerrorism or war.
Then compare your map with your
classmates.
Did you mark the same places? lf
not, justily your decision.
{ Using the expressions lrom the

box below, briefly describe some
ol the current events in the world
and present them to the class.
*f
I
I
rbsorb / |
a
tn npnntirtp r eprqpJirp
a
War and Peace, Terrorism to oust sb from power
I
Ia to break off diplomatlc relations to shift and regroup the forces
to declare i call a truce / to deploy peace-keeping troops
a
ceasefire x break truce in ..
a with sb to bring in reinlorcements
to force to surrender to take sb prisoner
rl I to declare war on sb
io have military superiority
to inflict heavy losses
to strike at an enemy
lasting ceasefire to set up the War Crime Tribunal
the need for restoration of in the Hague
to fight x win x lose a decisive to repulse / beat an attack ceaseli re
I to bring former leaders of the
battle
the I
I
to skirmish
to beseige
to be under curfew
the collapse of ceasefire
to resume campaign ol violence genoci de
guerilla movement to trial
! to attack from ambush to flee to hand over / surrender one's to be charged with war crimes
a
bombing / bombardment to pursue weap0ns
a to issue sentences as severe as
to plant a bomb to withdraw decommission of illegally held
a
45 years in prison
to go off to capture 10,000 troops arms
I
+^ ^^^^^+ +^.'h^ to sentence to life imprisonment
I to iaunch an attack / offensive to surrender tu duLupt tuililJ \ udily
^^//., ^',+
uur
jailed for life
I terms
retaliation / reprisal warring factions

PROGRESS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
I Place
I Look at lhe pictures on the right. Gan you recognize the
c0
people and inventions in them?
NU
ft
f l,tlarcn the names in the first column with the inventions
or events in the second and dates in the lhird. Then discuss
the questions below.
Human,
The ter
Neil Armstrong propeller water turbine 1969
Alfred Bernhard Nobel soft contact lenses 1913 --).
Alexander Graham Bell first man to set foot on 1976 reprodur

the moon
Victor Kaplan telephone 1961 reprodu,
Otto Wichterle dynamite 1867
cornbini
Thomas Alva Edison electric light bulb '1961
replacen
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin Microsoft 1879
Humiin
Bill Gates and Paul Allen first manned space flight 1975
human r
oppose I
suggest
7.
I How would the world be different if these events hadn't happened?
I Looking at the box above, think of some more significant events or inventions that have not been
people I
included in the table. new 8._
I In your view, which is the most useful invention in the last 100 years for all mankind? Try to support then-r frc
your choice with some facts. Which invention is the most useful for you personally? Give reasons.
$ conor
Then cho
should wr
.t and subn
.t In groups 0f three, make a list ol negative aspects associated with some technical and scientilic inventions. In
what way can they be abused? Be prepared to discuss your list with the class.
I
I
Pro,
Invention and its use II aOvancl

roqprrn
| uuwu, v
!
I awards
Joon, - Jrtl/, J"*tioto L"Jly I Nobet t

perationo, poinlno, f", u/ectpon
I outstar
I weapor
I a'r;:ii
II oattistrc
.'
'nor",
I hovercr
I ai r-cusl
l"*
{t'um the missing words in the correct sentences in the text:
controversial ethical genetically replacement
human identical twins 0rgan reproductive
Human Gloning
Human cloning is the creation of a l. identical copy of a 2.
The term is generally used to refer to artifitittl human cioning; human clones in the forrn of
3. are commonplace, with their cloning occuning during the natural process of
."sS
..4':, ,:$ reproduction. There are two commonly discussed types of human cioning: therapeutic cloning and
. "," ',
&- reproductive cloning. A third type o1'cloning called replacement cloning exists in theory, and is a
o combination of therapeutic and reproductive clonins. 4.

replacement of an extensively darnaged, failecl, or failing body through cloning.
cloning entails the
Human cloning is ,5. There have been numerous demands fbr all nrosress in the
human cioning field to be halted. Sonre people and groups oppose theraper-rtic cloning but many metre
oppose 6. clclning. Various scientific organizations have made public statements

suggesting that human reproductive cloning be banned until safety issues are resolved. Serior-rs
7. issues have arisen in discussions of harvesting o1' organs fiom clones. Some
rot been people have considerecl the idea of growing organs separately fiom a human organism * in doine this, a
new 8. supply could be established without the moral in-rplications of harvesting

suppoll then from human organisms.
tsons. Frtttr Wikipeliu
F
! Conduct a suruey in your class. Do more classmates think that scientists should clone body parts or vice versa?
Then choose three tepresentatives on each side to defend theirstandpoints in an open panel discussion. Each ofyou
should write one question on a slip 0l paper for these representatives. A moderator should choose the best questions
and submit them to the panel. 0ne or two interpreters can interpret the discussion into their mother tongue.
rtions. In
Progress in Science and Technology

advan ces satel i ite communication testlube bables flying saucer
researc h automatic camera cloning cosmonaut x astronaul
awards ceremony Polaroid camera human reproduciive cloning space flight / travel
Nobel Prize calculator serious monitoring of research (un)manned flight
computer technology nanotechnology circle the Earth
0utstanding inventions
weap0 ns
scanner biotechnology to land on the moon
websites genetically modif ied foods lunar landing
arms [ace
adoption websites the Sun
H-bomb A-bomb Space exploration
' buy babies irom adoption brokers Venus probe
ballistic missile solar system
nriprhprd nrniprtnr /OHP\ spacesh i p
JUl../UrJUilrL
^,,^^,^^hi^ dr Urdtt
î,^"^{l planets
pnotocopier l^h^.^+^",,
^^^^^ rduurdrury
JpdLU
h ove rc raft stars
laser space shuttle
air-cushion vehicle meteors and meteorites
genetic engineering
satel I iteiorbiting satel ite
I UFO (unidentified flying object)

ENERGY
I I Choosr
I Here is some information about
1 Japar
renewable energy resources. Read Hot springs, geysers, pools of The power that
the texl on lhe right and decide which boiling mud, and fumaroles are the can be extracted ag
00
type of enelgy ltom the headings most easily exploited sources of from the kinetic
below the descriptions refer to. such energy. The greatest potential energy of wind 2 lt will
the w,
for this energy, however, lies in the depends upon
Geothermal Energy generation of electricity. the wind speed. Dln
Wind Power The theoretical limit of power from 3 They
wind is 59% of its kinetic energy. acl
Biomass or
0cean Thermal Energy
This type uses two methods: 4 They
Conversion (0TEC)
extracts energy from ocean This kind of electricity is produced by body.
currents in a way similar to wind generators driven by water turbines
aw
Tidal Energy power, and uses the temperature ocl
that convert the potential energy in
differences between the ocean falling or fast-flowing water to
5
Hydroelectric Power ae
surface and ocean depths to run
mechanical ener h^
a heat engine.
rt o
Hydraulic turbine-generator units
lFinda word in the textthat means: o are presently used to extract energy
IT
1 change into another form, o

a Wood and other plants can be burnt from ocean tides, although on a very || Fill ir
substance or state a directly or converted into a fuel. limited scale. There are few sites 11 _
a
2 oetrol with a small amount of . Conversion of grain to ethanol and throughout the world that are
alcohol in it : the production of gasohol (10 % suitable for harnessing this kind of 12-
a ethanol and 90 % gasoline) is an energy without constructing race tr
relating to or produced by . example of this process. prohibitively expensive damlike

qnanil
a as
motion a structures.
inf,
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaoaaaaaaaoaaa 13_
utilise
their (
at
{ ,n,
box below you will lind a lew nalurt
'n
expressions concerning energy. Using
$ Can you think of other energy some of them, write a paragraph on
14-
espec
sources not listed above? nuclear energy and its advantages and a con
disadvantages. race,
15_
Energy energy res0urces
power station
biomass
biogas
prejur
nuclear power plants
electricity generation and power supply renewable energy i alternative energy
nuclear reactors
radioactive waste
to store nuclear waste
annual energy consumption
f inite nature oJ the world's fossil-luel
SO U TCES
to cause little environmental pollution

economic viability
lll'n
sentence
energy resources
to contaminate fossil fuels hyd roel ectri c ity c
dicnr rtoc nvpr crfptv
{irewood nuclear energy
to jeopardise public safety controversial issue
to pose a potential risk
converting the heat from burning fuels into
mechanical energy fears concerning safety
16 The
disastrous e{iects o.f the nuclear petroleum / oil undesirable environmental c0nsequences 17 The
accident at Chernobyl natural gas solar power neig
nuclear energy perceived in solar cells / batteries
Hiroshlma-like terms
domestic and industrial heating
wind power
18 This
exploration and new methods of extraction VCTS
protracted nuclear debate
reserves ol coal oil, and gas wind farms
anti-nuclear opponents impact on the environment wind mills / turbines 19 May
environmental groups burning fossil fuels geothermal energy may
activists
ockades
alternatives to these fuels combustible plant or animal materials 20 Byt
b I
biof uels wave / tidal power shut
T
SOCIETY - PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
I Ghoose the right expressions and fill in lhe gaps.
1 Japan and other countries ... The costs of the _ will be worth bearing.
a growrng up c underdeveloped a no-confidence vote c economic stability
h r'larrolnninn d industrialized b political scene d cheap labour
2 lt will continue to many of the poorest parts of However, _ boundaries are changed from time
the world. to time.
a enrich c verify a demoralisation c constituencv
b impoverish d poverish b opposition d coalition
fver from 3 They have built up the industry on _ . 8 To use raw materials that have minimum
rnergy. a cheap labour c banktrupcy the environment.
b money laundering d balance of trade a consequence c result
4 They also notify the government's other b impact d outcome
duced by body... 9 For the disabled, less abled and_ ...
a watching c watchdog a underprivileged c minority
turbines
b checking d control b equal d coloured
)nergy in
valer to _ is seen as the best way to overthrow a dictator 10 Manifestations of _ and xenophobia are
a enterprise restructuring c fruition steadily growing in Europe.
b assassination d orice liberation a intimidation c raclsm
b cultural diversity d pickpocketing
tor units
x energy ll
)n a very I I Fill in the missing expressi0ns.
CW SITES 11 _ is hostility to or prejudice against Jews. l\f tu,rn the cotlocations.
ilat dtE 21 computer a missile

s kind of 12 _ is the belief that all members of each
22 test-tube b shuttle
tructing race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities
dam llke specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it 23 space c technology
as inferior or suoerior to another race or races. 24 flying d saucer
13 is a person who has been forced to leave
25 genetic e engineering
their country in order to escape war, persecution, or
natural disaster. 26 ballistic f babies
; 14 is a relatively small group of people,

{W especially one commonly discriminated against in
itl a community, society, or nation, differing from others in
race, religion, language, or political persuasion. U Spot the mistake and correct the following sentences.
T
15 _ unfair treatment on the basis of 27 Nigeria has lead African countries in banning
I prejudice.
the imDortation of waste from industrialized
rl T
countries.
I ltI
nl I
I
|| | The following words have been left out 0f the
28 Meanwhile the effectiveness and cost of aids
I senlences below. Put them back.
a
I
from France (the largest donor to Africa) was
II CLEANSING REFUGE INFLUENCE
being increasingly scrutinized.
SKINHEADS RESULTS
t
I
I
I
16 The election had been announced. 29 This would be achieved by formulating
t
nces I
I
17 The children have been forced to seek in a convention on climate change, to include
I neighbouring countries. legally binding protocols on cutting emissions of
I gases which contributed to global warming.
I 18 This is the harsh reality of ethnic _, Europe's
I version of apaftheid.
I
30 The talks failed produce any clear commitments
I 19 Maybe this is a consequence of the recession, on proposed treaties to control climate change
I maybe the growing _ of the chains.
and to safeguard species diversity.
^l 20
'l I
By this time all London's pubs and clubs had firmly
shut their doors to

SOCIETY - AND MORE PRACTICE...
| ,noose the right expressions and fill in the gaps.
1 The Foreign Secretary also predicted that a 5 Cast a(n) _ for Britain.
parliament would lead to another election within a Vear. a election c vote
a nung c wrougnt b word d slogan
b stung d stuck lf a socialist government came into power and carried
2 FAMIL
lmporting waste into the EC will also be banned, with out their extravagant promises to the _, this
the exception of shipments from _ countries for country would be finished.
treatment or recycling. a nnliiina I cccnc cv vvr
cnnqtiir
rerrrsvr ronnrr
512
rvy
a developing c underdeveloped b opposition d electorate 1. c

b industrialized d industrial The voting reportedly passed off peacefully and was 2.d
Although human cloning could be a scientific marked by _ among the electorate. 3.a
breakthrough, there are _ concerns. a democracy u aPdury +. d- d
a functional c ethical b sympathy d bankruptcy 0-(

b elemental d colloquial Universal has not produced the working-
4 An increasing number of ltalians want to adopt a British class political dominance which so many people
system so that there can be a periodic clean either feared or hoped that it would.
sweep. a price liberation c corruption 811
a vote c electorate b franchise d ballot Jamie: f
b first-past-the-post d strong 9 And, as with all myths, there is a kernel of truth in Mark; H
the_ perception of themselves as outcasts. il you wc
a skinheads c polititians J: Sound.
TI b technocrats d coalitions M: Hov,
I I Fill in the correct expressi0ns.
10 But the same stone-throwing anarchists complained .somethin
11 _ is a disc-shaped flying craft supposedly that they had been brutalized by policemen and a.flerv,arr
piloted by aliens. thrown into _. J: Mmnt.
12 _ is a device that generates an intense a Black Marias c Old Bills got some
beam of coherent monochromatic light (or other b Green Antons d bear cars night ins,
electromagnetic radiation) by stimulated emission of
photons from excited atoms or molecules.
M: Soun
13 _ is a rocket-launched spacecraft able to

ttt 6:00, okc
land like an unpowered aircraft, used to make I lf Vtatctr the lollowing expressi0ns with their J: Great.
c0llocations. Sometimes more than one collocation is M; Bye.
repeated journeys.
possible.
14 _ is the deliberate modification of the
811
characteristics of an organism by manipulating its 21 burning
genetic material. a pollution Joe: He1
15 _ is the branch of technology that deals 22 to pose )'otr like t
with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 a potential b public safety Anne: Ye
nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual on Saturt

atoms and molecules. 23 to jeoPardise c lssues .l: I don
nine. Ilh
24 controversial d energy A: Oh, s
Itt going to
|
| | The lollowing nouns have been left out lrom the 25 renewable e plant
J: Well,l
sentences below. Put them back.
going ttll
BIOMASS FIREWOOD OIL COAL BIOGAS 26 impact on f consumption
A: I knoy
16 The people who run the country also run the
27 g fossil fuels Thanks a
industry. annual energy
J: Surc. ,
17 The ideal for the future must be a private
h
mine and a power station working 28 nuclear power resources
together.
10t2
18 With more breeding and genetic engineering, the 29 energy i risk 1. chun
productivity of _ coppices could be 2. orga
doubled. 30 to cause little j the environment 3. churl
19 We must gather _ environmental 4. civilr
20 is produced by the fermentation of 5. invitr
organic matter. 6. gues

KEY
rd carried
FAMILY 7. banns posted
_, this
B. big day
512 Q uroddinn drpcc
1. c 10. lace veil
and was
2.d 11 .
aisle
3.a 12. allar
4. a - altered 13. tuxedo
b - tolerance 14. minister
c - praise 15. vows
workrng-
y people d - deplore 16. ceremony
17. best man
811 18. wedding rings
Jamie: Hello, Jamie speaking. 19. husband and wife
rf truth in Mark: Hi, Jamie! This is Mark. Listen, I was wondering 20. rice
^^^+^
UdJL5. if you wanted to go crnd see that new Spielbergfilm. 21. wedding reception
J: Sounds great! When should we do it? 22. honeymoon suite
M: How about tomorrow night at 8:00? We could go get 23. white wedding
mplained something to eat first and then mayhe go out for a drink 24. limousine
nen and afterwards. 25. honeymoon
J: Mmm. You know, tomorrow s out for me. I've already
got something planned. Why don't we make it Thursday 12t1
night instead'? 1. teddy bear
M: Sounds good to me. So I'll pick you Ltp at around 2. rattle
6:00, okay? 3. bib
ith their J: Great. I'll see you then. Bye. 4. squeaky toys
cation is M: Bye. 5. fluffy animals/soft toys
6. high chair
811 7. pushchair (GB) / stroller (US)
Joe: Hey Anne! I'm having o party on Sctturday. Wottld B. pram
yotr like to come? 9. baby walker
lety Anne: Yeah, I'd love to... Oh, wait a minute. Ilhat time 10. playpen
on Sattrday'? 11. carry-cot
J: I don't know. It'll probably start sometime around
nine. Why'? 13/3
A; Oh, shame! I can't make it on Sctttrrday night. I'm Dud: Mark, can we talkfor a second'?
going to dinner with my mother. Mark: Uh, yeah, hi dad. What s trp?
J: Well, you can always come out after dinner. We'll be D: What ls up? Do yotr eyen have to ask what s up ? This
going allnight. report card i.s di,sgraceful!
tion
A: I know, but I have to work early on Sunday morning. A4; Oh. ycah. rhar.
Thanks anyw*cty. D: Yes, that! I thought last term's was as bad as it could
J: Sure. Maybe next time. possibly ger, but now this.
M: I know, I'm sony.
1012 D: I mean, a D in histoty! A D in Latin. You've totally
L church wedding J'ailed Greek.
2. organ M: I know, I know! Btrt I can't help it! All of those stul.fy
)nmenI 3. church bells teachers lecturing me, trying to teach me a language that
4. civil wedding hasn't been spoken in. over two thousand yectrs. I mean,
5. rnvitations whatls the point? What good is an A in Latin going to
6. guest list do me?
. KEY. 207
D: It'll get you into a decent university, that s what it'll 3. d - outside 22. c
do yotr. 4. b/c* grandfather 23. e
M: Oh, not this again. 5. c-wakeup 24. a
D: Well, it'.s true! Do you really think that Cantbridge is 6. to start a, to break up the, an adoptive, an extended, a 25. b
going to accept someone with marks like this? single-parent, to look after the, a large, to feed the, to leave 26. e
M; l told yctu I donl w'ont to go to Cambridge or Oxford the, the immediate 27. f
nr any oJ those snobby places. 7 . undying, to inspire, to send, to fall out of, puppy, to declare, 28. a
D: Oh, 1tes, that s right! Yotr want to be o car mechanic. I blind, everlasting, unrequited. to show 29. c
almost forgot, m!- son wants to be the first Eton graduate 8. one-parent 30. d
to become a greose-monkey! Thatls afine.fttnre.foryou. 9" spouse
M: Ho** many times do I have to tell you, I donl just w-ant '10. divorce HOME
to work on cars. I want to be a Formula One mechanic, 11 .
remarriage
work on the real machines. And I can do it, too! Or at 12. marriage 19t2
least, I could, if you'd just let me. 13. child Landladl
D: I didn't spend all of that money on your education.just 14. stepfamily Peter: U,
so that yotr could... 15. siblings abotrt the
M: lVo-one ever asked yotr to spend all oJ that money, 16. c L. Yes, it
Dad. Besides, the mechanic school is much cheaper, and 17. a P: Great.
at least I'd be learning something. 18. e L: Certai
D: Nobody ever asked me'? Oh, that'.s wonderful. Thctt s 19. b It s really
gratitude Jbr you. 20. h everythin
M: Gratitude? Am I supposed to be grateful? Gratefttl for 21. g a nrce po
packing me olf to some boarding school, to be shoved in 22. i P: Ah, ir
with a bunch of whiny, snobby little brats? tJ. I L: Yes, it
D: Itls a place where ltou canfind.friends and a job that 24. d there.
are worthy oJ'ottr.family name. 25. b P: So yot
M; Aaah! I'rn so sick of that! You know what, I don't 26. e L. Yes, I
'
give a damn about Eton or Cambridge or OxJbrd. And 27. c P: And h,
for that matter, I don't give a damn abottt our family 28. a L: There
name either! 29. f looking.l
D: What? Wait a minute! Come back here! 30. d anything.
P: lVo, nc
1312 And More Practice... - p.17 L. Right.
The first headline is American; principal - headmaster; program 1. b - upwards .floors, uL,
- programme 2. d - site there s a

3. c - uncle P: It sout
1411 4. a -woman the place
1. b,alblcld 5. b-hilt L: Yes, v
2. a;b/d, c 6. foster, illegitimate, naughty, to keep an eye on, to neglect, know, the
3. e;d to scold, to spoil, well-behaved, to abuse a P: Well,,
4. b;d 7. arranged, hasty, loveless, mixed, of convenience, to assure yo
5. c;d announce a, break up, to consummate, collapse, to end be any bc
a, to neglect L: I'm so
15t2 B. control P: Ohh.I
1. granny flat f . infertility never hat
2. meals on wheels 10. unmarried L: lVo, I'r
3. arthritis 11. together P: Well, t
4. senile 12. cohabitate L: Good,
5 hard of hearing 13. households
6. pension 14. foster 19t2
7. live-in nurse 15. alternative 1. two
8. home help 16. g 2. Victor
L nursing home 17. i 3. three
18. b 4. landlr
Practice Makes Perfect - p. 16 19. d 5. hardv
L c-gold 20. h 6. ceilin
2. a - thrown 21. f 7. laund

22. c 8. porch
23. e L garden
24. a 1n vonptrhlo nlnt
.en0e0, a 25. b 11. quiet
),to leave 26. e 12. non-smoker
27. f 13. has no pets
l declare, 28. a
29. c 19t4
30. d ... it was right up ...; lt was very cramped; lt had a kitchen corner;
... it was in bad part of ...; There was a large swimming pool ...;
HOME It was so spacious ...; lt is nice and cosy.
19t2 20t1
Landlady: Hello. 4,3,7
Peter: Uh, hello. My name is Peter Smith. I'm calling 1,6
about the ad you placedfor thefiat. Is it still available? 5,2
L: Yes, it is. 8
P: Great. Could you tell me a little about the flat?
L: Certainly. It s a two-bedroomflat in a Victorian house. 2',111
It s really spctcious, and it has wonderftrl tall ceilings and 1. chimney
everything. [Jhm, let ls see. It 1g on the topfloor and there s 2. roof tiles/ roof
a nice porch in the back that leads to the garden. 3. lightning conductor (GB) / rod (US)
P: Ah, it has a gctrden! 4. gutter
L: Yes, it's very nice. I have my little vegetable plot out 5. handrail
there. 6. window-box
P: So yott live in the house as well. 7. banister
L: Yes, I live on the groundfloor. 8. sash window
P: And how many otherfats are there in the house? 9. window sill
L: There s jtrst threefiats, so it s nice and quiet. We are 10. patio/porch
looking for quiet people, yott knot. No wild parties or 11. French window / porch
anything.
P: No, no, you won't have to wony about thot. 21.12
L: Right. Well, letls see. What else. Theflat has hard-wood Solar panels provide electricity; Sawdust pellets fuel the wood
floors, uhm, central heating, of cou.rse, uh, and, oh yes, stove; Insulation and double-glazed windows keep in the heat;
there'.s a laundry room that we all share in the garage. Wood stove provides heat; Shingles keep water from leaking
P: It sounds great! Could I come b1, and have a look at into the house.
the plrtt'e .'
L: Yes, well, uhm, that'd befine. But I have to let you 2211
l negrecl, know, there are no pets allowed, and no smokers. 1. b
P: Well, I don't smoke. But I do have a dog, Fifi. Bttt I
rence, t0 assure you shels completely house-trained. She wouldn't 3.c
;e, to end be any bother at all.
L: I'm sony, but I must insist on no pets. 22t2
P: Ohh. Well, that s a shame. Are you sure? I mean, I've inherit; put off; rotten; compress; barren; blisters
never had any problems with...
L: No, I'm aJraid I must insist on this point. l,tro pets. 23t3
P: Well, thanks any\t,ay Good bye. The hinges should be on the other side of the door.
L: Good bye.
25t2
1912 take/ have a long bath; siand on the scales/ maV tiled floor; fill/ to
L two run the bath (tub); spray the floor/ tiles; pullthe shower curtain/
2. Victorian the plug; flush the toilet; squeeze the sponge/ toothpaste; go to/
3. three sit on/ read on the toilet; clean one's teeth using a toothbrush, a
4. landlord / landlady i owner tooth mug and toothpaste;the bath orwashbasin can overflow;
5. hardwood slip on the floor tiles
6. ceilings
7. laundry room
. KEY. 209
28t2,3 houses 19.
1. sowing machine - sow the lawn; or a machine for Ienanls 20.
spreading fertilizer detached 21.
2. wheelbarrow - a small cartwith one wheel and two handles detached zl.
for garden work terraced zJ.
3. lawn/ grass rake - rake the leaves mortgage at
L+.
4. lawnmower - mow the grass pr0peny 25.
5. seedling - prick out the seedlings building 26.
6. pitchfork - spread manure in the vegetable plot a,c 27.
7. rake - rake the leaves d 28.
8. carrot seeds - put into ground to grow, thrn out the canot ^ 29.
oatch d 30.
9. gloves - protect your hands a,d
10. trowel- plant the lettuce and cabbage b Grossw
11. garden clippers / shears - trim the hedge b 1
.)
12. hoe - weed the flower bed
13. chainsaw - saw big pieces of wood b 3
14. deck chair - sit and rest in n 4
15. lay the lawn - avoid sowing grass 4,0 5
16. watering can - water the plant a,c A
17. spade - dig the garden 0

18. seeds - put into ground to grow 0 FOOD
19. spray nozzle - water the plants
20. shears - cut plants and shrubs, trim the hedge 0 1. peas
21. pruning shears - prune the fruit trees, trim the hedge roof 1 Chile
22. ladder - climb to places you cannot reach from the cemented 3. SWE€
ground brick wall 4. caull

23. flower pots - plant flowers and plants in home 5. au0e
24. hosepipe - water the plants 6. puml
Crossword p.30 7. spinr
29t1 1 mansron 8. cabb
I . screwdriver - to screw and unscrew; turn screws into and z skylight 9. Dr0c(
out of their place gutter 10. grap(
2. nails - nail things together 4 dnve 11. aspa
3. saw - saw / cut wood 5 bedsitter
4a
tL. pepp
4. paintbrush - paint walls, furniture etc. 6 roof 13. celer
5. spray paint - paint things without touching them 7 loft 4A
black
6. spirit level - test a surface to see if it is level 15. lettuc
7. pliers - hold things, cut or bend wire And More Practice... - p. 31 16. greel
8. brace (and) bits - bore holes in wood 1. housing 17. radis
9. adjustable spanner - twist nuts 2. flats 18. turni;
10. tape measure - measure distance terraced 19. squa
'11
. nuts and bolts - fasten things together 4. detached 20. bluet
12. olane - make sufaces smooth 5. 0ccupy 21. water
13. paint roller - paint walls etc. 6, rent
14. electric drill - to make holes 7. nee0 33t2
15. spanner (double open-ended) - twist nuts B. maintain 1. c
16. (drawing) pins - fasten things 9. households 2.b
17. a set of combination spanners (ring and open-ended) 10. landlords ?.1
18. hammer - hit things, esp. nails 11. b 4.b
19. axe, hatchet - cut or chop wood, etc. 12. 0,c
20. folding ruler - measure things .- 33t2
21. vise - hold things tightly while work is done on them 1A
I don 7 kn,
15. d .f us/ don't
Practice Makes Perfect - p. 30 to. C really mc
1. accommodation 17. d'9 when the
2. mansions 1R n able to ec

19. d is that, when I was a kid, I actually used to like eating
20. a meat, a lot. I used to feel like a meal just wasn't a meal
21. c without at least some meat in it.
22. d
23. a No, for me it was mostly a health issue. There are just so
24. b, c many chemical.s that go into industrial meat production.
25. b, c There are all of the steroids that the animals are given
26. d when they are being raised, and then the presentatives
27. window that are put in.to the meat to keep itfrom spoiling befbre it
28. ceiling gets to the market. You know, it s just not good for you.
29. foundations
30. ruins So I decided to stop eating meat for a while, ju.sl to see
what it was like. I thought about just eatingJish, btrt then
Crossword p. 31 I found out that that wasn't any better You just end up
'1 stool eating all of the pollutants that go into the sea. So now
2 peephole I 'm a full vegetarian. I just eat lots ofJruits and vegetahles
3 tub and grains, you know, lots of stir-fries and pastas and
4 bedlinen things. And I try to make sure I get enough beans and
5 shelf things, as well, because you need to replace the proleins
6 threshold that you lose from not eating meat. And I really do./eel
healthier for it. It s great. You know, I think that, now that
FOOD I'm so used to it, even ifyou cotrld get good, healthy meat,
I probably wouldnT change my diet.
1. peas
2. Chile peppers 351',l
3. sweet corn Cutting: peel, chop, dice, mince, quarter, crush; Cooking:
4. cauliflower stir, stew, roast, simmer, microwave, boil, fry, grill, bake,
5. aubergine (GB) i eggplant (US) steam, saute, poach, thicken; Mixing: stir, blend, whip, beat,
6. pumpkin scramble, puree
7. spinach
8. cabbage 36/1
9. broccoli
4I . .^^^.,,^ ^ +^Ll^
IUJUI VU d TdUIU
10. grapes 2. go to the restaurant

11. asparagus 3. leave your coats in the cloakroom
12. peppers 4. wait for the waiter to seat vou
13. celery 5. ask for the menu
14. blackberries 6. look at the menu
15. lettuce 7. order your meal
16. green beans 8. eat the appetiser
17. radishes 9. eat the main course
In ^^+ +L^ f,^^^^4
18. turnip IU. UdT TI IU UUSJUII
19. squash '11

.
ask for the bill
20. blueberries 12. pay the bill
21. watermelon 13. leave a tip
'14. leave the restaurant
3312
1. c 37t1
2.b NOTE: The dishes in bold could be on either menu.
3.d American: BBQ chicken wings, nachos, chef's salad, chili
4.b cheeseburger, Philly steak and cheese sandwich, New York
sirloin steak, spaghetti bolognese, french fries, baked
33t2 potatoes, Caesar salad, apple pie and ice cream,
I donl know, I know a lot of peoplewho did it because they British: prawn cocktail, pate and toast, fillet steak
iust don't like the taste, or becatrse the idea oJ eatingfesh with mushrooms and onion rings, jacket potatoes, roast
really makes them sick, or maybe they had a pet sheep duckling in orange sauce, chips, apple tart and custard,
when they were kids or something and have never been chocolate mousse, banana split
able to eat a lamb chop since. The./unny thing about me
. KEY. 211
39 22. b 451111
all statements are false 23. b Joe: Mor,
24. a Mr. Palm
Practice Makes Perfect - p. 40 25. a like todol
1. 26. b .l: Oh, the
,)
a 27. b of buking
c 28. a P: I'm afi
4. f, 29. a J: Oh, thc
6 a 30. b 1'ou think
6. c P: lVo, Jt
7. roots SHOPPING closing tl
8. orange J: What?
9. hon 43t4 Jbr ftJteer,
10. cinnamon OR nutmeg OR cloves 1. drain P: I know
11. cinnamon OR nutmeg OR cloves 2. budget supermal
12. cinnamon 0R nutmeg OR cloves 3. distributor i wholesaler compete.
innrodiont 4. household J: Btrt thc
14. noanh 5. perishable Surely tht
tc. alcohol 6. appliance down her
16. 7. dump P: Oh, yt
17. B. charity / Salvation Army ends thes
18. c 9. reject shops shops. I t
19. 10. minor imperfection can buy i
20. b a lorger t
21. a 44t2 J: Well, .
22. 4,0 basketball - sporting goods store have any

23. a whisky - off-licence (GB) / liquor store (US) P: ThanA
24. d CD player - hi-fi shop
25. a fresh cod - seafood shop 45t1t2
26. n frozen pizza - supermarket Shop ass
27. greeting cards - stationer's Custome
28. h guide book - bookstore that muc
29. h hammer - D.l.Y store / hardware store S: Well, i
30. holiday - travel agent's I'll tell yt
house - estate agent's summer,
And More Practice - p.41 magazine - newsagent's C: Oh, y
1. fl nails and screws - ironmonger's S: Well,
2. a new boots - shoe shop probabll
3. c pedume - chemist's (GB) / drugstore (US) C: Well,
nino tnhennnnict'e alford ri1
4. c yIF/v-
5. a rolls-baker's/bakery S: No pi
6. b sandwich - delicatessen (deli) can put )
7. vanilla sofa - furniture store tomorrol
8. ginger steak - butcher's vety real
9. food sweets - confectioner's C: Uhhn
10. artificial tofu - health food store S: Look,
11. alcohol home, ta
12. ce lery/lemon/rose ma ry/thyme 45t1 look at t'
13. celery/lemon/rosema rylihyme Dialogue 1: Joe's corner shop (Joe knows his customers C: Yeah,
14. celery/lemon/rosema ry/thyme well); Dialogu e 2: abig shop or a depadment store (the shop S: Just r
15. cele ry/le mon/rosemary/ihyme assistant does not know the customer); Dialogue 3: at home deposit,.
to. c (people living together); Dialogue 4: a hi-fi shop perhaps make up
17. D or any specialized shop, the shop assistant tries to be helpful C: Uhhn
18. d suggesting mail-order.
19. 45t1t3
20. Lee: He.
21. d Susun: '.

45rln L: Well, close your eyes, keep thent c'losecl, readl:... OK,
Joe: Morning, Mr. Pulmer. open thent.
Mr. Palmer: Ahh, good morning.Joe. What u,oulcl .t'ou S: hu'! Yotr ltought a nevt contputer!
like today? L: Yeah, v'hul do .v-ou think?
.l: Oh, the usual. A pint o/ ntilk, halJ a dozen eggs, cr pucket S. Great! Ytu'll t'inally stop using mine all of the time!
o/ baking powder... L: Yours! This ones mtrch better than vours! And I got
P: I'm a.fraicl w,e're run out oJ hoking powder a great deal on it.
J: Oh, that'.s too bctd. Burbara v,anted to bake a c'ake. Do S: Did you hry it dov'n at Comptrter Century;?
you lhinkvou'll have it in by tomoryou,? L: No, at Crazv Mike'.s Computer l4/herehotrse.
P: No, Joe, I'm not ordering anv-thing anv ntore. I'nt S: Oh, there... Did lhey have a sale going, too'?
closing the shop dou,n, going out of business. L: Well, no, hut their retail pric'e v,as great! Take o
J: What? You canl be serious! I've been shopping here look.
/or fi/ieen years. S: Whal'? You call that a bargain? Lee, yoLr got rippetl
P: I know', Joe, ond I thank vou./br it. Btn v:ith these new qlI!
,supermarkets popping up everyv,here, well, I,just can'l L: What do .yotr mean? That s a great price!
compere. S: Lee, I'm telling vou, ))olt got taken in ! Computer Cen-
J: But those markets are wdv oLtl on the outskirts of town. ttrry has this ntodel on sale.for olmost half that price.
Surclv there s plentl: of people u,ho v,ould rather.just conte L: Half that price?
dov'n here to the corner shop. S: When are you going to learn to sltop eround be/bre
P: Oh, 1'es, people still come. But it's jttst /br otlds and you bur,something? Look, you dictn't even get a decenl
ends these da1ts. The real shopping the,- do in those big vvarrcrntv on it. Only sir months.
shops. I c:an't blame lhent, of course. The supermarkets L: Damn it! And I thought I'd done so well.
can huy in htrlk, so the"v hcrve lower prices than I clo, and S: Look, the next time you go shopping, take nte v,ith
u larger selection too. lt s no Ltse. 1,ott, OK'?
J: Well, I'll still keep shopping here, even if vou clon't
have any baking povrder. 45t1t4
P: Thanks, Joe. Shop assistont: Hello, sir, can I help ys11'7
Customer: Yes, I'm looking /br this specdic model
45t1t2 here.
Shop assistant: Well, whcrt do yotr think? S. Let s see. Oh, I'nt sorry-. It'.s out of st<tck right nou,.
Customer: I don't know. I hadn't really planned to spend C; I yvas a/raid oJ that.
that much. Itis tt bit too expensiveJor us. S: Wedon't normally ,stock that model, nctuctlly. It i.sn't
S: tr|/ell, it is true, quality like this doesn't come cheap. But really in great demand.
I 'll tell vott what, next v'eek u,e're going to be starting our C. I kno**, I knov,. And you v'ouldn't happen lo knou,
sutltmer sole, and .t,ou cctn get this-fbr a reduc'ed pric'e. where I couldfind it?
C: Oh, veoh? How ntuc'h less? S: Well, I think it might be pretN nnrch the sante ston,all
S: Well, the pric'e lists arenl out ltet, but I'd sa.v it'll over town. Hat,e !'ott tried over at Brightintax?
probablv be at least.fifteen percent olJ. C. Yeah, I've been there alreacly. I've been running
C: Well, that'.s tluite good. But it's still more than I c'an all over toyt,n looking Jor it. Could ltou order it fbr me
uffbrd right now. speciall"v'?
S: No problem! The people in our credit department S: Oh, strre, but it would probablv take about three to
cetl pttl );oLt on a pavment plan. You can take this home ./bttr u,eeks ttt get here.
lotl|orrow and po,- ir o/.f in lou' monthb, inslalntents, at a C: Blime.v, that's a long time!
verv reosonable inlerest rdte, too. S: Yotr knov', .sir, tou rnight be better o/f buving it muil-
C. Uhhtn... I don'! kttorr order
S: Look, there'.s no hurrv. Think about it Jbr a while, go C: Yeah?
home, talk to yoltr partner. Then, next week, come and S: IJ'you look in Blackw'oodls Catalogue, I think the1,'ve
look at the sale price and then decide. got it in there.for a pretty good price. And it'll get to you
rstomers C: Yeah, that sounds like a good idea. quicker too.
ithe shop S: Just one lhing, though. You might want to leave a C: Well, thanks a lot.
:at home tleposit, jtrst in case somebod.,- tries to buy it be/bre vou S.'Not at all. Just donT tell tnv boss u'here vou heard it
pernaps ntoke up t'our mind. Jrom.
e helpful C: Ulrhnt.. I don'l krtttw..
4s12
45t1t3 True statements: Dialogue 1: Shoppers can get a better
Lee: Hey, Susan, come on in. price at the hypermarkets because they can buy goods in bulk
Susan: Thanks. So what s the big strprise'? Dialogue 2: The saleswoman offers to sell the customer the
. KEY. 213
product even though she does not have all of the money to pay 20. a not r
for it immediately. Dialogue 3: Lee thinks she got a good 21. d Som
LL. new
dealon her computer. Dialogue 4:The shop doesn't usually U
have the model the customer is looking for. zJ. I

2. Clog
24. b almo
Practice Makes Perfect - P. 45 25. match (snatch) coml
1. monolithic hyPermarket 26. include (conclude) 3. Stilel
2. hypermarket chains 27. extend (Pretend) of thr
3. jumble sale 28. attended to (listened to) w0m
4. supermarket trolleY 29. size (taste) neett
5. wholesale prices 30. look (cook) 4. Hikin
6. street market and I
7. department CLOTHES comf
8. grocery or alr
9. enterprise s0l2 That
10. store From left to right: chequered / checked, polka-dot / dotted' treat
11. gourmet tartan, argyle, flowered, paisley, herringbone, zigzag 5. Sanc
12. cash
c0ns
13. customer 50/3 They
14. retailers 1. d They
15. counters 2.f 6. Loafr
16. cash 3.a

17. credit 4.c 53/1
18. f 5.b 1. got u
19. g 6.9 ) aolli
20. b 7. e 3. dresr
21. c 4. tried
22. a 51t1 5. dresr
23. d 1. V-neck 6. fit; le
24. e 2. shawl neck 7. take
25. wrap (sort) 3. polo neck (GB) / turtleneck (US) 8. takinr
26. obligation (destination) 4. crew neck O nrrf n
27. serving (tending) 5. cowl neck 10. chan

28. looking/browsing (staring)
11. clash
29. run (gone) 5112 12. suits
30. leave (let) 1. flares / bellbottoms 13. matc
2. drainpipes / fitted / skintight trousers 14. grow
And More Practice - P. 47 3. shorts / Bermuda shorts
1. discount prices 4. bib and braces / overalls 54t1
2. shopping malls 5. miniskirt 1. T
3. small shops 6. knee-length skirt 2.F
4. mail order 7. pleated skirt 3.7
5. retail price B. slit skirt 4.F
6. clearance sale 9. kilt 5.7
7. register 6.7
8. clerk 52t1 7. T
f. item a, DU dP 8.7
t^^^
10. checkout b. tou9
11. code toe 54t1

12. receipts d buckle Well, I ct
13. purchase G. neel t€€ns, s)t

14. inventory f. sole of m1,sel/
15. manager I v,as ral
'16, retail 5212 thing. Wl
17. warehouse 1. Called trainers (GB), sneakers, tennis shoes, or running concerne
18. g shoes, these casual shoes are very popular, and not only my face a
19. e for sports. Young people wear them quite often. They do is a profe
214 . Topic-based Vocabulary'

not need polishing: you can just clean them occasionally. llti.s rtegutit'it.t' I ltttc{ ubottt trt.t bodr he bntttsltt nt( to (t
Sometimes you may need to wash the shoelaces or buy .yttrdio und tlt'essecl ttte trp crttd took sonte phologruplts o.l
new ones. They are comfoftable. nta. [{e ltut together nt.r, ltot'tfblio, ttnd seut it ofl to u.fet
2. Clogs have wooden soles and are easy to slip on. lt's ntotlt'lling ctgenc'ies, and ltc .ruid "I'll ltet vttr gct u.job
almost impossible to wear them out. Usually they are very ollbr in rto tine. " Yotr know', tre both took the whole thing
comfortable, worn in the summer months or at home. us tt kintl o/'o f oke, btrr,strt'c enotrglt, one of thc r/.g(,/r(ic,\
3. Stilettos, also known as high-heels, need frequent mending gol itl lottclt with us, und Lstnrtecl rttodelling.
of the heels, which can wear down quickly. Although many
women prefer platform shoes nowadays, classical high- W'ell, nto.;t people clon't tltink so, httt it retrll.t i.s'. I ntettn,
heels are still a part of evening dress. ps-vc'hologic'ally it reallv tulias its toll. Yott ulvu.t's hove
4. Hiking boots are lace-up shoes; they are usually strong to lte c'onc'erned about .t'ottr bod.l,, and alv,a.t,.s luke cttre
and heavy duty As all other sports shoes, they should be o/ .t,our',sel.f. Il seents like even,botlt) v,utlts their model.s
comfortable and have a good thick sole. They are low-heeled lo he tltittner ctnd thinner lhe.se cta.t's, so .tou huya to keep
or almost flat. They should protect you from getting wet feet. a rer'.r' <'ureful diet. The prrsure to be thin i.s .so git.ettt
That is why they require special care - you have to clean and sorne girls lurtl to clnrgs ot' ltulintia and.itt.st t'aull.t, gel
/ dotted treat them with the necessary cream or spray as required. unheulth.t,, hoth physictrll.t' ttntl mentally. Mr prcgrunt
5 Sandals are shoes in leather, fabric or manmade material, i.s ntttclt nore natural - diet ttnd regulur e-rert'i.se. Bttl I
consisting of a sole held on to the foot by straps or thongs. lova tn.t,bocl.t,and I think ltyotrltl take care ol it at,an i/ I
They are usually easy-care, soft, llghtweight and durable. tt'tr.vt'l drtitts thi.s job.
They are worn in summer by both men and women.
6. Loafers are classic, casual shoes with a broad flat heel. Plrolo sltrxtt.s t'ctn be u lot o/'filn. vhen the.t tuke pluce
irt erotit'loc'ations und sru/f'like thot. I onc,t'ditl tr pltoto
53/1 .sltoot.fitr o nev' line d hikinis, sc.t I v'as.flov'u out to
1. got undressed i undressed Lluv,ttii qnd the.t, hod tne ,stcrncling under thesc gredt v.a-
? npttinn droceod /efiull,s, und it v.'cts reoll.t' bt:utrtifirl. Btrt it'.s not raully like
3 dressed rt t'ttt'trliott beccruse the ruinttla vou're done shooling llte.t.
4. tried / put on trsuull)'lrltisk .t'ou bcrc'k to llta uitport ctntl .t'ou dou'l ltttye
5. dressed up tut.t' /itttc 1o.see crn.t'ctf tlte.sights. But wltot I reull.t'lovc ar.e
6. fit; letting out .fhsltion shov's. There's ttotltittg like being ott u liya shrnr'.
7. take off; loosen; roll up Yott kttolr,.r'ou're there v'ith these realh., ltig uuntes in tlte
8. taking in; taking up husina.s"s, ancl et,er.vone is erc'itect abottt the lutrttching of
9. put on o ncv'lirtc. And I loye thc pres,strre ol ir. littt t.otttt'in off'
1 0. changes out of / takes off; (changes) rnto / puts on tht' t'trlttulk ttnd in.stunll)' sonleone i.s lhert, to wltilt off
11 . clashes .t'ottr t lctlhe.s, und .t'otr ltuve lo c'ltange iuttt utt antirel.t'
12. suits net otttlil irt only u.fev' trtitttrte.s. And tltert"t't, ttltrtr.t.s
13. matches ptoblattt.s, .\omeone hus trti.s:pluc'acl a necklttt'e rtr tt sltirl
14. grown out of gels ripped in the rush or sotnething, but u'heu .t,ou httve
to tlulk out in.front of tlto,sa ('umeros crgctir.t .t'ott're sol lo
54t1 be crxtl u,s ic'e. Like -t,otr're.itrst tcrking tt stroll thnttrgh the
4-
t. I put'li. \inr krtorr, tlte.lbeliug ut tlte end ofo sttt'ta.s.tfirl sltow,
2.F lrltett .ttttt 't'e out thet'e ..:itlt tltc clesigrter untl ayar'.t'otte'.s
3.7 appluttdittg, it'.s gt'ectt. It muke.s.tou.feel like tharals a little
4.F parl o/ .t'otr in ull of'thct.se v'ottderfirl dresses uud r'lothes
5.7 thol ara heing sold ull over the yvorld.
6.7
7. T 5612
8.7 old, coarse, prickly
54t1 56/3
Well, I
ut'tuull.v storfed modalling when I was in nty 1. malice
teens, .\ot'l ol as o joke. ktu see, I never reall.t' thoughl 2 keen
of' nt e I.f us e x c' ep I i o n a I l.t' b e tu I i /il l. I' v e tt I w a.t's / h o g h t
-t'.s t r 3. garment
I wu.s t'ttlltcr pltrirt, rtothing orrt of the ordinan' or un.r.- 4. naked
tlting. I4/hcu I was going thtrttrgh mr leenr I :r.as reull.t. 5. ancient
runnrng concernecl qbout how' I looked, unc.l I hatecl nT, bodt' and 6. spent
not only m| ftrce uncl v'cr.s.just reallv seU c'onrcious. LI/ell, m.v urtc'le 7. tension
They do is o profcssionul photogrophcr, trnd to help me {:et over B. stirred
. KEY. 215
56/4 3. white 1B. pensir
1. Yes, he does. 4. green 19. retrair
2. No, it isn't. 5. grey 20. qualifi
3. No, he isn't. 6. blue
4. No, he isn't / hasn't. 7. black 66/3
5. Sometimes he does. 8. black Friend: L,
9. red June; Yea
5717 10, rose F: Wfut? t
iron - used for ironing clothes after they have been washed in 11 . dressmakers J: Well, ir,
two
a washing machine and dried in a dryer or on a clothesline; 12. clothing lol ofperl
pairs of scissors - used for cutting paper and material; 13. ready-to-wear and I hav
sewing machine - used for making or mending clothes; 14. haute couture travelling
a spool of thread and a needle - usually used for 15. designers pay when
mending, sewing on buttons, etc.; knitting needles and 16. fashions ifI stay w
yarn - used for knitting; needle, hook, cotton, fabrics - used 1a
tt, d F: It soun
for embroidering; washing machine and dryer - used 18. a, b J: Well, l
for washing and drying clothes 19. a, b travel a lt
20. b and when
57t8 21. a,b I don't ge
hand wash - bleach - 40' warm wash 22. b vety stres
tumble-dry - dry-clean - iron 23. b it,soitsc
24. g a slave dr
Practice Makes Perfect - p. 58 25. h yelling al
1. black, white 26. t take more
2. green 27. e buck, be r,
3. blue 28. a canbear
4. black, red 29. d just sick '
5. red 30. c else with

6, white F: Like w
7, white WORK & LEISURE J: I realll
8, blue anymore,
9. red 65/1 about a c
10, green 1. temporary / summer F: Yeah,
11 . weavrng 2. self-employed / freelance yott donT
12, clothes making 3. hard-hat worker / unskilled labourer I'd leave
13. metal needles 4. military / national service J: I know
14, sewing machine 5. civil servant / state employee at my ag(
15. stitching 6. family business F: Ilell,l
16. clothing got "A" l,
1'7
tt, d 66t2 enough t'
18. a 1. perKs even ifyc
19, b 2. company car to eventn
20, a,b 3. expense account get all of
21. b 4. travelling J: You kn'
22. b 5. health scheme thought.
23. b 6. sick pay
24. h 7. promotion 67t1
25. g 8. overtime 1. d
26, e 9. stressful 2.a
27, c 10. working environment 3.c
28. d 11. slave-driver / workaholic 4. b
29. f 12. initiative 5. extra
30. a 13. responsibility
14. passing the buck 68/1
And More Practice... - p. 59 15. self-motivated ln order: c
1, blue 16. slave-driver / workaholic

2, black 17 naroor nhenno

18. pension 6812
19. retraining 1. c
20. qualifications sign up - commit oneself in writing to an activity or
gr0up
66/3 overdraw - take more money out of the bank than you
Friend: Hi Jane. What'.s v'rcng? You look a little clov'n. have
Jane: Yeah, i1 t ryy job. I reallv don't knov'u,hot to do. afford - have enough (money, means, time, etc.) for; be
F: Urh.t''l I thrnghtyou u,ere reully hupp.v with it. able to spare
J: Well, in many ways it'.t a great job. It definitelv has a 2.d
lot of perks. I have a compan-r, cqr I r:an ttse at onv time, open an account - business arrangement whereby money
and I hcn,e an expense accounl I can use to po.l,.for mt; is deposited in and may be withdrawn
trctvelling. The job of/brs a grettt heulth plan v,ith full sick get oneself into debt - spend more than you have
payv'hen I get ill. And therels a good chance of pontotion make a withdrawal - take money out of a bank account
i/ Lsttr.r, v,ith the contpanv./br o.fbw 1,sqys. 3.a
F: It sotrnds great! So w,hatis the problent, then'? charge - debit the cost of something to a person or
J: tr4tell, I'm ju,st not satisfied with the jctb. I have to account
travel u lot, so I'm always av'a.y fi"ont Dan and the kids, take out a loan - borrow a sum of money from a bank
and v.,hen I ant here I alwut.t,s have to v,ork overlime so affiliate - associate oneself with a society
I don't get a c'hance to see them ntuch either. Its ctlso a 4. c/d
ys11: ttyssrful.job, and evety body in the o.ffic'e is automatically pay - transfer money to pay bills without
feeling
il, so il:t d prettv tense v,orking environmenl. The boss is direct action
a slave driver which doesn't hclp. He just w,alks arunnd make a deposit - to put money into a bank account
yelling ctbout how w-e qll have to .show more initiative, u. d
take more responsibilitl:.for things instead of possing the high-interest account - bank account with a high interest
buck, be mrtre self-motivttletl, and ull of those things. He rate
can be a reul tyorkaholic sontelintes. But most ofall, I'nt credit limit - the maxrmum amount a customer can
jtrs/ sick of selling computers. I v'crnt to do something charge
else v'itlt mv life. savings account - an interest-bearing account for
F: Like w'hat'? customers
J: I reallyi,-ant to be a teacher, hut I'm not a.vottng girl 6.c
anymore, and I'm a.fi'aid lhut it ls ct bit late to be thinking open an account (see 2 above)
aboul ('ereer change 0l nN age.
ct make a deposit (see 4 above)
F: Yeah, but rt'hat are !'ou goitlg to do, stick u'ith a job withdraw cash - take monev out of bank account
vou don't like until vou get vour pension'J If I u,ere.r,ou
I'tl leave ondfnd sontething.tttu like doing better. 69/5
J: I knou', but how,can I do it? I can't go bac'k to sc'hool
dt mv age. 8.4
F: Well,.yottmight not have to do a /irll degree, You've c. 1
gol "A " level histor1,, haven't ttou? You should see i/'thatis D.3
enough to get a .job leuclting historl, sonteu,here. And E.2
even if 1'rttr do have to do some relraining, t'ou c,ould go F.6
to evening classes beforc -t'otr qtrit rour pre.sent.job and
gel all of the qualificotions vou need. 69/6
J: You know, maybeyou're right. I'll have to give it sonte Across: 1. ATM 6.purchase 8. overdraft 9. deposit 10.
thought. withdrawal 12.bank Down: 2. mortgage 3. cheque 4. cash
5. interest 7. loan 11. debt
671'l
1. d Practice Makes Perfect - p. 70
2.a 4^
Ld
3.c 2.b
4.b 3.a
5. extra headline 4. a,b
u. d
68/1 6.a
In order: d, c, a, b / f, f / b, e. 7. b
B.a
9.a
. KEY. 217
10. n
COMMUNICATION Oh well, r
11. o That'd be
12. o 73t1 That'd be
'13. b 1. c Great. Tat
1A
l-. a 2.f Blte bye.
15. wholesale, discount, off the, retail, drop in, official, 3.d Convers
competitive, adjustment 4.b Hello, Ta1
16. extra, prize, amount of, pocket 5.e Hello. Co
17. salaries 6.a Hold on o
18. amount Johnis in ,
19. much 74t1 Sure. Cou

20. note Dear Sirs: to call me
21. change I am writing to enquire about tourist information on your city. Does he h
22. spend I will be visiting your city in late April. Please send me some Yes, I thin
lJ. OWNS information about the ... transport routes. Any information about Ok, I'llle
.A bitl accommodation would also be appreciated. Thank yot
25. dollar Yours faithfully, Bve.
26. exchange Patrick McCulley Gonvers
27. btg Hello. Bet
Hi Christina, I'd lit
28. 0eserves Ye.s,
Guess what? I'm going to be in town sometime in late April. Hold on,
29. vatue .
I don't know anything about the city... in the mail for me. lt Mr Smith
30. money
doesn't have to be anything too big,.. tourist map if you have phone. Mr
p.71 one. Oh, yeah! lf you know the names... as well. I can't wait to
And More Practice... - see youl Love, Pat
No, that s
1. a Good b1,e
a^
L. A Bye.
3.a 7511
1.
4.b 2.
maKe
dial
77t1
1 lr ninn
6.a 3, number 2. CD RI
7. b 4. call 3. sound
8.a 5. language 4. persol
9.a 6. calls 5. netwo
10. a
7. statement 6. autom
R fooc / nhernpq 7 talonh
11. b
12. a
L rates / bills / charges / calls 8. netwo
'13. a
10, rates 9. retriel
14. a 75t2 10. transfr
15. range, exorbitant, of shares, stability, reductions, tag, a. push buttons for dialling
78t3
group, worth paying
b. earpiece
1. c
16. hush, order, easy c. receiver / handset
2,f
17. notes d. mouthpiece
18. coins e. cord
3,b
19. pieces 4. d
20. year 7513 5.a
21. dimes rotary telephone - push-button phone - mobile e does not
22. cents cordless telephone - fax (machine)
23. tove 7814
.)A
a2nn 7611,2 mouse - u
25. money Gonversation 1 -allows co
26. marKet Hello, 276964.
27. rolling Hello. Can I speak to Maty, please'? Practice
28. spendrng This is Mary speaking. 1. o
29. interest Hi, Mary. It s David. I wa.s.just ringing to moke sure that 2. b
p
30. 0uy we're still onfor the cinema tomorrow. J.
1
Oh, 1,eah ! I'd completelyfotgotten. I'm sorry, I can I ntake a. d
it tomorrow. I've got a lot of work right now. 5. I

Oh well, maybe we can see it some other time. 6.c
That'd be great. Maybe some time nert week, ok? 7. to peek
That'd befine. So I'll call you on Thursday, all right? 8. technique
Great. Talk to you on Thursday, then. Bye. 9.a
Bye bye. 10. b, c
Conversation 2 11. b, c
Hel lo, Thy lor Res idenc e. 4a
tL, a
Hello. Could I speak with John, please? 13. a, b, c
Hold on one second. I'll see if he'.s in. (Pause). I'm sorty, 14. a
John s in the shower right now. Can I take a message? 15. b
Sure. Could you just tell him that Jane called and ask him 16. b, c
to call me when he gets out of the shower'/ 17. b,c
your city. Does he have yotr number? 18. c
me some Yes, I think he does. 19. a, b, c
ion about Ok, I'll let him know you called. 20. a
Thankyou. Bye. 21. stamp
By". 22. civil servant
Conversation 3 23. postal reforms
Hello. Bernstein Bank. May I help you? 24. knighted
Yes, I'd like to .speak to Mr. Smith, plectse. 25. labels
ate April.
Hold on, I'll put you right throttgh. (Pause.) I'm sony. 26. collect a tax
or me. lt Mr Smith is in a meeting right now and canl come to the 27. released
you have
phone. May I take a message? 28. adhesive postage stamp
r't wait to
No, that's all right. I'll try again later. Thankyou. 29. reigning monarch
Good bye. 30. name ofthe country
By"-
And More Practice... - p. 80
77l'l 1. d
1. laptop 2.b
2. CD ROM ?o
3. sound 4.a
4. personal computers 5.c
5. networks 6.f
6. automatic teller machines 7. -educated
7. telephone lines 8. millions of
B. networking 9. a,b,c
9. retrieval of information 10. b
1 0. transfer of funds 44
tt. o
12. b
78t3 13. c
1. c 14. a,b,c
2.f 15. b
3.b 16. a
4.d 17. a
J. O 18. c
e does not fit '19. a, b, c
20. b
78t4 21. established
mouse - used to move ...; monitor - the screen ...; modem 22. technical advice
- allows computers . . .; cursor - used to highlight . .
. 23. postal services
24. postal
Practice Makes Perfect - p. 79 25. transportation
1. a 26. international mail
'ure that 2.b 27. charges
3.e 28. letter mail
n't make 4.d 29. parcel
5.f 30. international money orders
. KEY. 219
TOWN & COUNTRY huving a bit of'peace ttnd quie!. And v,hen I do v'ttnt to .fitt'thents
go ottt, I.lust pop dotyrt to the village pub.for a fev'pint.s soc'ieh".s .,
83/3 and u gome ofdarts. ltrolher ot

1. quaint B: Yeuh, it must be intere.sting, having aJbv: pints vt,itlt all let him.jt
2. charm o.f those oltl farnters and the villagers. But I bet et,er.t:one expecl ot,
3. has gone way up/ doubled in size in lhe lovrn wcrkes up be/ore dau'n, huh? hint nn'se
4. arable M: Well, I'nt defnitelv not lhe .first person to move out to Most of tl
6 dorrolnnod
vv vv'v||,vv
nrror
v vvl lhe villttge. People huve heen esc'aping Manc'ltestet'.fbr lhe.t"re dt
6. facilities the c'rsuntr.t'side.for teut'.s. Mo.st ofmv neighbours ure li/b, rhat';
7. winds its way ./rom the c'ity like me. Therels d compLtter progrummet'
who works at honte, a wriler v,ho likes to go v'olking 85t4
83/5 arotrnd the tov,n all day vi111 his dog and this enonnoLts 1. migrr
Billy thinks that Mark has got a big house in the country with v,alking stick, an airline pilol, ond all kincls ofother ) aunn
a big garden. pro/bssionuls. I'd sal,the lotyn is about halfold villagers ? nrofe
He thinks that all the people living in the village are farmers utttl ltal./'ltt,ople likt ntt'. / ^^^^,
+. uJrJdl
and get up early. B: And hov,does thcrt rt'ork'l Do t,ou all get on v'ell? 5. cram
He imagines that life in the village must be terribly boring with M: Lltell, ./br the most purt il v,ot'ks out fne. There ut'e 6. rever
no nightclubs. a./btt o/ the ctld rinters vyho reollv resent people like nte 7. mise
Mark disagrees with Billy. living there, btrt on the u'hole, people are a whole lctt B. steril,
He thinks his house is a shack on the outskirts of the village. ./riendlier than in Manchester, I can tell you. If anltthing, 9. resor
It needs fixing up. thel"re ct little too friendly. 10 negle
Most of his neighbours are from the city like him. The old B: What do yott ntean'?
villagers are generally quite friendly. M: Well, vou know, et'er-t'bodt' knotrs everl,bodv, crncl 86/5
For him life in the village is just right. He enjoys having peace therc3 n./air onloLtnt of gossil.t that goes on. Espec'iall.t' Role-pla
and quiet. in the village store. You knou', ['ve been makinpi spec'ittl to be di:
reqLresls, trsking them to stoc'k t<tfu and some other natural
84t3 food,s./or me. So, the other du.t, I w'alked in, and I crskecl Mr/ M:
1. d thent if'they had anlt vitantin B-12. W'ell, these tv,o <tlcl are facin
2.b men w,ho had been talking b.t,c'ush register stopped tttlking this issu
3.c ttnd stqred ot me os iJ'I u'cts .fi'om anolher planet. The figure or
ovt'ner, James, he'.s a nice old ltloke, and he ls pretn' nttrc'lt
usetl to it non', so he.jtrst shook his head a bit sadb,. But Mr/M:
8314,5 those other tw,o, I sv,ear the.t' ntust hat,e lhoughl I vrcrs Waste I
Billy Hey there, Mark! Hows the lord d the ntanor, the v'eirdest thing on ettrth. underfur
then'! at the d
Mark: Hov'do ,r-ou ntean, Bill1,? 84t3 ec0l0grc
B: Well,l,otr.finul11'bought that mansion in the countrr- I'm lo death of hearing ubout the homeless prcblent !
.sic'k to make
sicle, clidn 7 you'? I cun.iusl see !'otr, sitting in ,t,rtur v,icker Yotr v'crnt lo knotttrhttt the problem is? It's reall-,- east,. and don
c'httir in the back garden as vou v'atch lhe groundsntan The problem is lhat in our soc'iet.'r', there cu"e.sonte people they alre
trint the hedgerov's. It must be beautiful, the life of lu- vrho.just clon't tant to take responsibiliry*Jbr themselves'.
.\ u rv... Go clow'n to the train st(llion, or unywhere dotvnlov'n,.fbr Mr/M:
M: Oh, itis hardly ull that! It'.s more of a small shack that matter, and u-hat tlo -you see'/ Lots oJ ctble-bodied totally fe
on the otrtskirt.s o/'u village, reall1,. It needs .sonte.fixing people, who are per/ectly tthle to workJbr a living und running 1
up, btrt its t:rts-y,, und ['t,e always w,anted to move out oJ keep their liNe.t together, sitting around begging change the sten,
Mttnchester into the counltyside. ancl going on aboul hotv httrd their lives are. If lhev u'un- mightci
B: Btrt hov' do ):olr gel b)' out lhere in the sticks? Don 7 t,otr ted to, the-v could get a job, the papers are.fullof thent.
miss the cont,enience o./ the citl', )'ou knov', the shopping But thev just don't u'ont to. For u'hatever reesotl, thq"d Mr/N
centres ancl all that'? rathet'ch"ink their lives au'a.t' in the .street, no muller hou' Whitmar
M: Well, it s not exttctl.y out in the ntiddle of nowhere. .filthv and disgusting that li/b is. Wel/, if thevu,anl to, then This nev
We've got our little village shop that stoc'ks.fust about that's,fine with me. But I'm not responsible, no malter arso req
ever.r,thing .vou reull.t, need, and I do r:omntute into the what the bleeding hearls sa.v, and they con't expecl me to categori
t'it1, every tla-r-, so I cto ntost of ntr- heav-v shopping here .finant'e their life.sQle./br them. Not v,ith my spere chunge
afierwork. No, I haye to.say thal I don't mis.s livingin and not vtith mv tar dollat's. Mr/Mr
the citt one bil. Greenw
B: Yeah, but it rtru.st be ten'ibly boring! I nrecrn, not manv Oh.teah, I've heatdpeople talkingubout howu lot of'thenr made th
night clubs out there, ure there? hatte mentol prohlents und reallr need help. Well, sure, I on it goi
M. To tell the truth, I don't mind at all. I clttite enjo.v agree thut those people prohcrbly can't take respon.sibilitt,

want to for themselves and need to be looked after. But that s not
cew
Mr / Ms Scrapnest: You are the owner of the local
pints societyb job, that's their family s job. I mean, if I had a junkyard, and you don't care about environmentalism. What
brother or a son that had a mental problem, I sure wouldnT you do care about is money. You see many people dumping
iwith all let him just wander around the streets, and I wouldnT working refrigerators and stoves at the landfill, and there
.vetyone expect other people to take care of him. I'd take care of
is a lot of money in recycling. Offer your help, but don't let
him myself. But these people are really a tiny minority.
anyone know how much money there is in this. They might
ve out to Most of the homeless people out there know exactly what
steal your idea and do it themselves!
ester.for they're doing. Playing on our sympathies to live an easy
)urs are liJe, that's what they're doing. And I'm sick of it! 8811
irammer 1. called
walking 8514 2. told
l0rmous 1. migration 3. had been kidnapped
of other 2. expand 4. gave
illager.s ? nrofehrinatad 5. told
4. escape/flee 6. had used
uell? 5. cramped 7. began
here are 6. reversal R ennrohondod
t like me 7. miseries 9. charged
,hole lot 8. sterile 10. could
nything, 9. resources 11. had been seen
10. neglect 12. lurking
13, insisted
dy, and 86/5 14. was
pecially Role-play- Waste disposal (slips of paperwith roles 15. produced
: special to be distributed in c/ass) j 16. confused
'natural 1 7. was not contacted / had not been contacted
tI asked Mr / Ms Whitman: You are the mayor of Crustyville and 18. were ever made / had ever been made
two old are facing an election. You don't really have any position on 19. was acting / acted
Italking this issue: you just don't want to upset any voters. Try to 20. thought
net. The figure out a solution that makes everybody happy. 21. found
'ty much 22. were
dly. But Mr / Ms Stinkwell: You are the head of the Crustyville 23. broke
ht I was Waste Disposal Centre. You are already understaffed and 24. confessed
underfunded, and it's getting harder every day to keep things 25. had killed / killed
at the dump from falling apart. You aren't really against i
26. made
ecological waste disposal, but you just don't have the money 27. to cover
roblem! to make it happen. You don't think the project could work 28. was immediately arrested
lly easy. and don't want to make things at the dump any worse than 29. charged
z people ?n rrroro drnnnod
they already are.
nselves. 31. was released
twn,.for 32. portrayed
'-bodied 33. asked
'ing and 1,1, nlpd / nloedpd
change the stench is completely disgusting. You're for anything that 35. testified
ey lran- might change the way things get done at the landfill. 36. had / had had
cf them. 37. pronounced
4 they'd /
Mr Ms Humper: You are sick and tired of Mayor 38. distinguishing
tter how Whitman and all of the new taxes he / she has imoosed. 39. was acquitted
to, then This new plan would not only cost more money, but it would 40. sent
, matter also require you to sort out your rubbish into four different 41. stayed
'ct me to categories. You think the whole thing is a tenible idea. 42. began
'change 43. serving
Mr / Ms Shrublove:You are the local representative of 44. lives
Greenwar, a radical environmental organisation. You have 45. raised / had raised
t' ofthem made this prolect the main focus of Greenwar, and are intent 46. killed / had killed
l, sure, I on it going through. Don't back down on your position.
nsibilin
. KEY. 221
89t2 25. a but he in
1. d 26. b said he v
2.i 27. b J:
M:
So wh
3.e 28. a Well,

A^
$. d 29. b said that
5f 30. a group ga
6.b J: Oh, ht
7. y And More Practice... - p. 91 M: And i
8j 1. n the Ul/izi
un n h oJ Botice
:,
10. c
tickets, b
t+. heard of
89/3 6 sun to gc
1. murder / murderer 6. J: Yeah,
2. blackmail/blackmailer 7. when I v
3. rob / robber OR thief 8. 0 M: But ii
q group wl
4. kill / killer g
5. drive drunk / drunk driver 10, b gotng to

6. rape / rapist 11. patrol cars J: Did th
7. burglary, burglarise (US) / burglar

4a
lL. aircraft M: No, t
8. mug / mugger tJ. fire stations don't knt
9. assault / issailant 14. crime were tea

10. kidnap / kidnapper tc. mobile had prep
16. transmission wQS, Ana
17. a glazed o
89/5
1. judge 18. b ask "OO
2. witness stand 19. 0 tofight tt
3. barrister 20. a J: I'm su
4. accused / defendant dock 21. a M: They

5. jury
aa
ZL. 0 J: What?
6. public 23. d M: Yes.
24. a,D They sait
could un
Practice Makes Perfect - p. 90 25. d
J:
1. e 26. h That's
2.h 27. d Italy, be
3.j 28. d ecrt haml
4.i 29. 4,0 M: I don

5.c 30. o consider
6.f
7. g SIGHTSEEING 93/3
8.b 1. chan
9.a 9312 2. fatigr
10. d John; Hi, Mike. How was vour trip to ltab)? 3. dese
11. retrieval Mike: It was a disaster 4. stuffl
12. stolen J; Oh, no. Why'l What happened'? 5. teen

13. wanted M: Everything! Everytthing that could have possibly gone 6. blenr
14. urban 'nrong did! 7. confi
15. direct access J; But you spent so much time planning the tour. I thought 8. flercr
16. missing property you would have been ready for anything. 9. mani
4a
tt. a M: I thought so too, but I couldn't have been more wrong.
18. b OurJirst stop was Venice, so of course, I thotrght, every- 93t4
19. b one would like to go take a ride on a gondola. Well, of 1. c
20. a course, one of the tourists in my group tried to stand up 2.b
a4
Lt. o in the boat to get a PhotograPh. 3.d
22. b J: Oh, no. Dont tell me he.fell into the canal. 4.a
23. a M: Yes, he.fell right in. So the gondolier had to hattl him
24. a otrt, and he was perfbctly.fine, yctu know just a little w'et'
222 . Topic-based Vocabulary'

but he insisted on going to the hospital immediately. He 95/6
said he was worried about the chemicals in the water Le
J: So what didyou do? 2.d
M: Well, I took him to the hospital, of course, ond they 3.9
said that he was fine, but in the meantime the rest of my 4.C
group got scattered all over Venice.
J: Oh, how awful. 6.f
M: And then, in Florence, we were going to drop in on 7. b
the U/fizi Gallery, because they had this great exhibition
of Boticelli s works. I had called ahead to arrange the Practice Makes Perfect - p. 96
tickets, but when we got there, they said they had never 1. bank
heard of me, ond we had to wait for three hours in the 2. dating from
sun to get rn. 3. rich in
J: Yeah, the line to get into the Ulfizi wa.s a nightmare 4. hundred spires
when I went there, too. 5. taverns
M. But it was so hot, and most of thepeople in the tour 6. housing estates
group were pensioners. I was aJraid that someone was Oban Highland Games -7,10,13, '15, 16, 18, 19
going to get heat stroke or something. Falkland - 8, 9, 11 , 12, 14, 17 ,20

J: Did they? 21. made (done)
M: No, they were all right. But they were so stupid! I 22. owned (owed)
donl know why any of them even. went to ltaly. They 23. inheritance (heritage)
were really bored with all of the historical background I 24. sold (bought)
had prepared Jbr them. I would explain what something 25. taken (caught)
was, and they wou.ld all stand there and,stare at me with 26. pad (place)
glazed over eyes, butfive seconds later someone would 27. court (yard)
ask " OOOHHHH, this is pretty. What i.s it? " . I really had 28. out (over)
to fight to keep my temper with them. 29. constructed (conducted)
J: I'm sure. 30. later (latter)
M: They didn't even want to eat ltalian food!
J: tr(hat? And More Practice... - p. 97
M: Yes. They just wanted to eat et hamburger stands. 1. Romanesque
They said that they wanted to eat somewhere where they 2. Gothic
could understand the menult. 3. Baroque
J: Thats outrageous! How could anyone go down to 4. classical
Italy, be surrounded by all of that wonderful food, and 5. cemetery
eat hamburgers? 6. ancient core
M: I don't know, John. I'm tellingyou, after that trip, I'm lsle of Skye - 7 , B, 11, 14, 17 , 18, 19
considering a career change. St. Giles' Cathedral - 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16,20
21. weaken (weak)
93/3 22. persisted (perceived)
1. charm 23. maypole (mayrod)
2. fatigue 24. pressure (press)
3. desensitise 25. peasant (pheasant)
4. stuffy 26. abound (abandon)
5. teeming 27. customs (usages)
bly gone 6. blend 28. Catholic (Empire)
7. confidence 29. observance (conservancy)
thought B. fiercely
L manage TRAVEL
? lrrong.
t, every)- 93t4 99t2
Well, oJ 1. c Airport: k, d, c (terminal); b, m (check-in counter); e (security
:tand up 2.b check);
3.d f (immigration office0; i (booking flight back)
4.a Plane: j, | (flight attendant); a, h (captain); g (attendant after
wul him landing);
ttle wet,
. KEY. 223
100t1 I've really ntissed it. ot| in the
1. cruise M: Yeah, it did w'onder"s relaxing my stomach! cor hits t
2. sail P: I said I u:as sorry, OK/ I v,as just trying to plan so- hut of co
3. dock mething we'd both en joy. acrr,tss th
4. porls M: Well, then, n-hv clon't yott try planning it with me? Almo.st h
5. guides We cottld hcrve put our heads together and come up w,ith that u:as
6. ruins something... u'agotl s'
7. land P: I know I wanted it to be a surprise. I'm sorty. Look, tree. It ls
B. board next time, we'll plan it together We'll do it right, OK? only one
9. cabin M:Allright. Are they
10. suites
11 . liner 102t2 105/3
no left turn; steep hill; stop 1. drunl
100/3 level crossing; no through road; no U{urn; roadworks ahead 2. doub
Paul: Oh, come on. You're not still upset, are you'? cyclists only; slippery road; give way; roundabout; no 3. parki
Maty: I don'l v)ont to talk ttbout it. overtaking A
a. t^lt^.
roilvc
P: Look, I'm sorn, you didnT like the trip. What am I 5. defer
strpposetl to do? You're always going on about the Greek 1031'l 6. pulle
Islands and how beautifirl thelt are ctnd howyou've always 1. windscreen (GB) / windshield (US) 7. rano
loved them and how,someday y671've got to go back... so, 2. wing mirror (GB) i side mirror (US) 8. thum
v'e went to the Greek Lslunds! Great! Bul all you can do 3. bonnet (GB) / hood (US) 9. runni
is c:ompluin... 4. headlight '10. pulle
M: Yes, I do love the Greek Islands and yes, they are beau- 5. bumper / fender (both) 11 . drivir
tiftrl, but hov, can 1,otr telljttst.from looking at them /rom 6. sightlight; foglight (both) 12. insur
tt ship'? I v,ctnted to actuallt, go down onto the islands, 7. number plate (GB) / license plate (US) 13. clock
look around, see the people.. 8. tyre (GB) / tire (US) 14. had I
P: Then w,hy didnl vou go on any of the tours? We had 9. rear lights (GB) / taillights (US) 15. breal
plenty o/ time in port, you c'ould have gone v,ith the groutrts 10. wheel; hubcap 1A cnoa
and seen lhe ruins... 11. indicator (GB) / turn signals (US) 17. drivir
M: Oh, God! And listen to that sttrpid lour guide go on 12. rear-view mirror 18. reckl
and on trhout hov'smarl he is? I hale lhose tou'groups, 13. steering wheel
.filled v,irh pensioners und their Hcmraiian shirts crnd 14. petrol gauge (GB) / fuel gauge (US) 106/1
alwoys taking photo.s of everything. No thctnkyolt, once 1 6 cnaodnmotor 1. comr
wcts enough.fbr me. 16. gearlever (GB) / stick shift (US) 2. drive
P: Well, lhen, y611 could have gone offon voLtr ottn, 17. seat belt; safety belt 3. rush-
esplotccl the place. 18. handbrake 4. buml
M: I knov', but I didn't v,ant to do it on my ow'n. I v:anted 19. accelerator (GB)/ gas pedal (US) 5. fendt
.yoLt to come with nte. I mean, this wcts strpposed to be 20. brake 6. road
our holitltty together, right? Besicles, I was too buslt being 21. clutch 7. exha
sea-sick !o go on shore. God, I.felt awfirl. 8. exit
P: I knov', I'm sorn'. I didn't think vou'd get so.sick. 1ost2 9. cong
I meun, the sea isnT usually so rough at this time of Oh, t,eah, I sau' the v,hole thing. I v,as riding nt.v bike 10. one-r
yeor... through here, right, and I stoppetl to pick some ofthese 11 . 'no lt
M. Why couldn 7 we jttst have.flown to one or two of'the berries here that are grow'ing on the side of'the road, 12. parki
islantls trnd then spent sonle time really getting to knou: so I sau, the v,hole thing. OK, so, what happened u'as...
thenr'? trp therc, v,here the dirt road joins the tarmac, therels 108t2
P: Hone.t, rou know' I don't care about the Greek Islands. where that tntck there started to pull oul into the street. 1. it
I only agvsecl to go there because 1,ou love them so nnch. I swear, the kid who was driving it looked about twelve. 2.0
Btrt I've been working so hard, latell;, and vott know how He obviously doesn't knov, what hels doing, bec:atrse 3. bv
hard I've heen working. The last thing I v,anted to do w'tts he s.ittst ptrlling out when he pops the clutch antl, Bang! 4.0
go hauling a backpac'k around sonte tlirtv little islands, stalls the truck. So he s sitting there, u,ith his nose out in 5. there
trying to ... trffic, trving to get the thing startecl again, right, when 6. have
M' They're not dirt1,! The.v"'re very beatrti/trl... that.fancy.sports car over there con?es screaming around 7. 0
P: OK, OK the1,'re not dirtv, they're heautiful. But all the c'orner You know, it s a pretty sharp bend there, and 8. and
the same, I.iust wanted to relax! You know relax! As in yolt c'an't reolly see what s around the bend on ec'counl 9.0
sit irt tt chaise longue, get some sun, read a little. And of them trces, right? So the.sports cet" comes u'hiplting 10.0
there s nothing more relttxing than the rolling of the sea. arotrncl there and all of a sudden.fintls this trttck sticking . all
11

otrt in the middle of the street. So the driver of the .sports 12. 0
cur hits the brakes and tries lo sv'erve out of the wa"-, 13. all
ilan so- btrt of course, he s going too .fast, so he.fish-tails right 14. to
ac'ntss the middle of the road into the onc'oming trttlJic. 15. don't / no
ith ne? Almost had a head-on c'ollision with that stcttion v'ogon
tup n'ith that was conting the other v,ay, right, except the station 109
'w,ugon swervetl o/J, and ended up wrapped qround a 1 airliner
1,. Look, tree. It s er shame, reall!, g611se the station wagonls the 2 locomotive
oK? onl1, ctne v'ho really didnT do anvthing wrong, 1,'know? 3 Chunnel
" Are the.v OK? 4 vehicle
5 express
105/3 6 underground
1. drunk tank 7 liner
i ahead 2. double-parked 8 flight
r0ul; n0 3. parking ticket 9 raft
4. tailgate 10 still
5. defective brakes 11 balloon
6. pulled over 12 sailing
7. ran over 13 tyre
B. thumb a lift 14 railway
L running a few red lights 15 black
10. pulled over by the police 16 wild
11 . driving licence 17 subway
12. insurance
13. clocked me with a radar gun Practice Makes Perfect - p. 110
14. had been drinking 1. a
15. breathalyser 2.b
'16. speeding / reckless driving ?n
17. driving under the influence 4.b
'18. reckless driving / speeding 5.a
6.b
106/1 7. d
1. commute 8.b
2. driveway 9.c
3. rush-hour 10. b
4. bumper-to-bumpertraffic 11. a
5. fender-bender 12. all
6. road workers 13. b
7, exhaust fumes 14. b
8. exit 15. a
9. congested 16. vehicle
v bike 10. one-way 17. wheels
" these 11. "no left-tunr" 18. engineered
roacl, 12. parking places 19. brake
vas... 20. gear
here'.s 108t2 21. people who meet for a brief but intense moment and then
;treel. 1. it part, never to see each other again
velve. 2.0 22. do what everyone else does
:'ctuse 3. by 23. leave
iang.' 4,0 24. negative information is passed more quickly than positive
'tut in 5. there information
u,hen 6. have 25. to try to catch a free ride with strangers by standing on the
ound 7. 0 side of the road
, and 8. and 26. disappeared
'ount 9.0 27. behaving in a disorganized way
tpil1g 10.0 28. foolish people do not understand dangerand therefore do
:king 11 . all things that would frighten sensible people
. KEY. 225
29. go against lYou are a represenhtive of a new environmental group a horse u
30. trying to say A COw* lll(
that wants to restrict the use of pesticides and fertilisers,
the Earth and Farmers'Party, distributing literature outside a ptg gru
And More Practice... - p. 111 of a grocery store a pry squ
1. d hens cluc
2. all You are a small farmer who is trying to compete with the a rooster
3.b big industrial farms. As if the pressures of running a farm ducks qur
+. a weren't enough, now there is a new environmental group a donkey
5.b that wants to restrict the use of pesiicides and fertilisers. sheep ble
6. c Without these products, you have no chance of keeping a goat bl'
7. all your farm. You hate the way that environmentalists trumpet
B.c their high causes but give no thought to how their actions 11513
9. b,c hud people economically. a blackbirr
'10. d, e mouse sqL
11. a 114t2 afly buzzr

1a
tL. d Female Male Babv Food Products
13. d milk, beef, veal, Practice
14. e
cow bull calf cheese, suet 1. d
15. c cock / (chicken) meat, 2.c
'16. steered hen
rooster
chick(en) 3.a
1^
17. top gear sheep / milk, cheese, a. o
ram lamb
18. engine ewe mutton, lamb 5.c
19. pump
sow boar piglet
bacon, ham, 6. agric
20. chair pork, lard 7. hen
21. getting on my nerves mare
stalhon/
frat /rin c foal horsemeat 8. kid
22. I'm very confused
duck drake duckling eggs. meat
9. dairy
23. follow your instincts OR keep going straight 10. barle
goose gander gosling eggs, meat
24. in the process of 11. viney
she-/ 12. suga
25. going the wrong way heJbilly- kid
milk, meat,
nanny-
26. leave a situation that is bad soat
goat sausages, cheese 13. to sh
27. challenge someone's optimism 14. has I
28. enjoy the process of doing something rather than anticipate 11511,2 15. are ri
the result 16. fed
Verb Animal Sound
29. when you travel, you learn new things 17. balar
barks, growls, yaps, bow-wow; ruff 18. contr
30. very happy
whines
dog
woof
19. are fr
miaows / meows / miaow / meow /
20. milkir
FARMING mews, purrs
cat
mew
21. ident
neighs, whinnies horse
113t1 22. passr
moos cow moo
23. shee
barley, oats, corn, wheat
grunts, squeals prg oink oink 24. houn
113t2 bok-bok-bok, cluck 25. pig
clucks hens
1. seep down
cluck-cluck 26. caI
2. contaminate crows rooster cock-a-doodle-doo 27. dog
3. subsidies quacks ducks quack-quack 28. bitch
4. ban brays, hee-haws donkey hee-haw 29. swinr
5. hedgerows
bleats. baas sheep baa-aa-aa'. baa. baa
30. bull
6. erosion
bleats goat mee
7. topsoil And Mo
B. drain
11511
Lb
9. sustainable
a dog barks; bow-wow
z.d
10. throughout Britain
a dog yaps
3.c
a dog wines
4.c
113
a cat miaows: miaow
5.c
Role-play - Environmenfal lssues (s/tps of paper
a cat purrs
6. scyth
with roles to be distributed in c/ass); 7 niaae
a horse neighs
B. hensi
I group a horse whinnies L spade, pitchfork
tilisers, a cow moos; mooo 10, rabies
outside a pig grtrnts: oink, oink 11 . orchard
a pig squeals 12. dung
hens cluck 13. heifer
vith the a rooster crows : cock-a-doodle-doo 14. straw
a farm ducks quack 15. plant
I group a donkey brays or hee-haw's: he-haw 16. soil
tilisers. sheep bleat '17. fertilizer
reeping a goat bleats '18. crops
rumpet 19. leaves
actions ',1513 20. insects
a blackbird sings; a cricket chirps; a bee hums; a frog croaks; a 21. compost
mouse squeaks; an owl hoots; a snake hisses; a hawk squawks; 22. organic
a fly buzzes; a sparrow twitters 23. horse
ducts 24. pigs / swine
l, veal, Practice Makes Perfect - p. 116 25. chicken
ret 1. d 26. turkey
2.c 27. sheep
3.a 28. watchdog
4.a 29. dogged
30. hog
6. agriculture
7. hen CLIMATE
8. kid
L dairy 118t1
10. barley, hops sunny - cloudy - overcast - rain
11 . vineyard thunderstorm - snow - tornado - cyclone
12. sugar-beet
13. to shear 120t3
14. has been adopted 1. b
15. are raised 2.e
16. fed 3.d
ru ff;
l 17. balanced 4.a
18. controlled 5.c
ao* f-
'19. are fed 6.f
20. milking 7. g
21. identified
22. passes 120t4
23. sheep a. under the weather
24. hound b. take a rain check
25. pig c. save some for a rainy day
26. cat d. it never rains, but it pours
le-doo 27. dog e. as right as rain
28. bitch f. come rain or shine
29. swine / bitch
-l 30. bull 12211
-t
u, baa
And More Practice...

1. b
- p.117
1.
2.
3.
had
plaguing
lashed
z.a 4. blew
3.c 5. dumped
4.C 6. ripped
7, tore
6. scythe 8. parched
7 ninonnc 9. reaching
8. hens/chickens / poultry '10, went along
. KEY. 227
11. institute warm enotrgh lo live on. Wthout it, liJe could nol exist Host: trl'
12. replenish on eurth. The atmosphere traps the sun'.s heat, w,ith the enloy sa
gasses ond vaTtours lhat make up the air ac'ting like the surel1,.
122t2 gla.ss in a greenhouse: they let the heal in, but they don't Pro/: Fir
1. heatwave let il out again. So, strictlv speoking, lhe greenhouse e//bct ntuch as
2. ovenrvhelmed is not a problem, that s busic to all liJb. and Jour
3. flood Host: But even a greenhouse needs to c'ontrol it.s Host: Te
4. blistering temperature, right? I mean, if il gets too hol, even I hear.
5. reservoirs tomatoes die. We had a contplicated svstem ofventilation Pro/': En
6. rationing where I worked, to keep the temperatttre within lintits. - lookat
7. drought What does the planet do'/ A./ier all, t,ou can hardly opsn million p
a v'indoyy for the v'hole earth! lhe.figur,
'12312 Prof : You're right about the lemperttture regulation letls Jane. Cr
a. flood call it the world is thermoslat - it s complicated. Since the cktn't per
b. drought 1960s, maw sc:ientists have started to v'orq' that the their fau
c. avalanche world'.s thermostat isn't working properly, or that people metres a,
d. tornado have created conditions that it con 7 dealwith. The1, think if the pla
e. landslide that /he v'orld is getting v'arrnet', ond lhet, call the v,hole Pro/: W',
f. hurricane process global w'arming. And just like the tomatoes, life jobs, the,
can only erist betw,een surprisinglv tight lintils. they star
1241',| Jane: So the gtcenhouse e//bc't is no problem, but global c'hange,
1. false warming is, right? on a vo!
)d Pro/': Exactlv. example,
3. false Jane: So, go on, w,hot'r.; v'rong u,ith the thermostat, even hur,
4. a,d v,hatis global w'arming ond, again, v'hat s it got to do e//ects ar
5. false yvith nte? c'hange,
6.b Prof: As I said, some o/ the gasses that ntake up the that go w
atntosphere act like the glass in a greenhoLts, so, tn centra
124t1 sttrprisingly enottgh, they're c'alled the greenhouse Jane: Yot
Phone-in Host: Good evening, and welcome to "Keep gasses. It's generally /elt that c'oncentrations of thent like som
it Sintple", the phone-in.for the people u'ho are sick of are getting too high .for natural svslems to deal u'ith. radio!
hearing disc'trssions about the ansrrers to questions thev For example, v,e all breulhe in
oxt,gen and breathe out Pro/: Yot
seem to hcrve ntissed. Wth us in the .sludio i.s Prqfessor carbon clioxide. Carbon dioxicle is a greenhouse gas, pray and
Bluntsworthy, an erperl on pollution and energt, bul v,e don't httve to stop breathing tet because planls life,.fron
trtroblems. And our.first caller is Jane Bletheron from breathe in carbon dioride and breathe ou1 6$:gsn. But ,franchise
Kingsftelcl * Jane? btrrning.fossil .fuels oil products like petrol and diesel, Itsupto
Caller; Good evening. Listen, I keep hearing people and coal ulso generales carbon dioxide, ctnd cutling nature '6
tulking about the greenhouse effect as if it u'ere the dow,n .fbrests tukes awa.t, many o/ the trees and plants ntore ligl
end o/ the **orld, and I don't even know what it i.s. Why that htrve helped to obsorb it in the past. Industrv also ltost: l{o
"greenhotrse"? Whot's the e/fect'? Whats it got to do generates nitrous oxides, ntethane and CFC s, crll ofwhich time. Tha
with me qn|v'et,) make the v'orld v'arnter. a cluestro
Phone-in Host: Good evening Jane. Well, that sctunds like Host: CFC'.s - v,hat s that short for'? they don
three qtrestionsJbr the price o/'one. Just to startwith, why Pro/: Chlorofhroroccrrbons. Although they're partial ly week for
"greenhouse", pt'q/'? banned in ntost developed countries, developing countt'ies
Pro/bssor: I think we'd better ^start at the very begin n ing. are still using them in aerosols and refrigeration Practice
Jttne, have .voLt got a greenhouse? sys/ems. 1. hurrir
June: No, KingsJtelds ju.st high-rise.flats and concrcte. Host: So the pluc'e is gelling warmer, right. 2. rainf€
Yotr're luckv tJ ),ou can get something to grcu'in a ProJ: Some scientists think so, and that there is a vet)) 3. flood
windou,-bor, here... real danger o/ climate change crnd natural catastrcphes. 4. snow
Host: I v,orked in a big, contntercial greenhouse once, Others maintain that glohal weather goes through c.y,cles 5. droul
u'henlv'asastudent. naturally, and that thi.s one w'ill come otd go like all 6. storn
Prof: What was it like? the others be/bre it. Obviottsly, the.figures are dffic'ult 7. astol
Host: Bl.. very hot and tmcomfbrtable. to calcttlate, but a rise of'tw'o degrees centigrade over 8. the cr
Pro/: Wh-t,gnt4: lomatoes in a greenhouse, an1'v,a1'? the next fiftv v,ears is definitell' possible, and v,hen 9. a hail
Host: It wct.\ too cold for them to grou' otttside. international conferences disctt,ss the problem at a high 10. wet
Prof : Right. That ls where the name comes.from. LiJe needs level, 1,ctu can be sure than someone, someu*here, is 1'1 . unde
u'urntth. The gr"eenhouse elJbc't is v'hat keeps our planet v'orciecl. 12. snow

nt exist Ho,st: Woryied about two degrees? We would certainly 1? tomnoctrrnrc
with the enjoy some more warm weathe1 but that s not much, 14. frosty
like the surely. 15. a fog of
ey don't Prof: First ofall, two degrees is an average. It couldbe as 16. lightning
seffict much as ten degrees at the poles within the next 25 years, 17. gale
andfour degrees or more in northern Europe. 18. icicle
trol its Ho,st: Ten degrees at the poles would melt a lot of ice, 19. haze / mist / fog
tt, even I hear. 20. snowdrift
tilation Prof: Enough to fiood low-lying land all over the world 21. melt / thaw
t limits. -look at the world map and you'll be surprised how many 22. overcast
lly open million people live within a metre oJ'sea level - and that 's 23. a,d
thefigure we're talking about! 24. b
m-lets Jane: Can I say something? If we all know this, why 25. a
'ince the don't people get away Jrom the sea? I.f they don\, its 26. a
that the their fault and their problem, surely? We're hundreds of 27. c
t people metres above sea level where I live. Why should I wony 28. d
ey think if the place is a bit warmer? 29. b
e whole Prof: I4/hen millions of people lose their homes and 30. c
oes, ly'e jobs, there's bound to be social trouble, even war, when
they start to migrate inland. And if the climate patterns And More Practice... - p.126
t global change, we're looking at damage to lond and properQ 1. rain
on a vast scale. If a countr)) has no history of, .for 2. flooding
example, very heaty rain and.flooding, or high winds, 3. thunderstorms
mostat, even hurricanes, it s simply not readyfor them and their 4. hail
iltodo elfects are exaggerated. An.d a.griculturol patterns would 5. sleet
change, too, with all the economic and social changes 6. storms
'up the that go with changingJrom,.fbr example, potatoes to rice 7. sunny
,LIS, SO, in central Europe. 8. thundered
'nhouse Jane: You must be joking! War and hurricanes ! It sottnds 9. winds of
oJ them like .something from a mad preocher on late-night 10. hazy
al with. radio! 11. whirlwind
ilhe out Prof: You're right. But mad preachers just want you to 12. the mists of
$e gas, pray andpay. There s lots ofways you can live a greener '13. avalanche
z plants Itf", -fro* using public transport to boycotting burger '14. stormed
ien. But franchises that destroy rain forest to groze beef cattle. 15. foggiest
I diesel, Itls up to you. You donl have to live like some back-to- 16. clouded
'cutting nature '60 sJreak just adjust the life style to sit a little 17. breeze
I plants more lightly on the planet. 18. drizzle
try also Host: Now we're getting into politics and running out of 19. lightning
lwhich time. Thankyou, Jane, thankyou, professor. And ifyou've )i rrnnrodietrhlo
a question it'.s too late to ask your friends or you think 21, sultry
they donl really know either -.ioin me and the prof next 22. scorcher
,artially weekfor another edition of "Keep it Simple". 23. b
cuntries 24. d
eration Practice Makes Perfect - p.125 25. d
1. hunicanes 26. a
2. rainfall 27. a,b
iavery 3. flooding 28. a
trophes. 4. snowfall 29. c
h cycles 5. droughts 30. b
like all 6. storms
dfficult 7. astormof/ahailof
'de over B. the calm before the storm
d when 9. a hail of / a storm of
t a high 10. wet
here, is 11. under a cloud
12. snowed under
. KEY. 229
NATURE wild H: Hov'
M: Well,
12712 (Please, feel free to correct this information be a dog

if it is wrong.) tctnl .for t
animal. .
transport
animals ,
been av,
I yes ;wildi
, ..
r oolnesilc transDon
i ven) wtll
,
I
I ' to.fbel ct
yes
d Christ
130t1 presents
kangaroo rats 1. cliffs it ls probc
horned lizard
2. beaches
.r,our hou
deer yes
3. low tide
H: Yes, i
4. turns ntust rea
5. offshore M: Il cer
lo_ 6. source dren *-hc
bighorn sheep yes 7. streams or somet,
I srizzlv bear yes no_ 8. white water rapids days unt,
9.
i
| ,
mouth
I bald eagle i
10. current
bring the
l-;r.u
[ *"lf I
11. range of hills
H: Well,
better tht
rattlesnakes yes 12. meadows
l;"t"a- -_l M: Well,
I
--l
'13. caves and caverns
yes i.s going
14. stalactites / stalagmites 0 pupp)),
wild turkey 15. stalagmites / stalactites with it al
16. reservoir see the pt
17. creek kind of.fc
18. forests H; And tt
12814 M: Eract
groups pride .uu @f I
130t2
1. c mussels
H: You'r,
M: Well,
prgs herd 9T1Y!t9_ 2. e shrimps because.,
horses herbivore 3. a edible crabs
./br You I
ducks flock duckling herbivore 4. b carp temperat
ab"rd .-"luo.il 5. d salmon
man"v pe(
Jqc&r
eaglet
sca 6. h trout pet end t
spiders 7. i cockles/clams thought.
k rcub
8. f crayfish H: So wh
9. g mackerel
M: Well,,
snakes solitary
babv
i rDreoator ,
SNAKC I mean st
135/3 H: Well, t
vultures gro!!! flock/pack chick scavenger
Host: I(ell, Christmas time is coming, ttnd manv.families
predator /
Ikll, Dr.
hyenas groups across the coLtntrv are busily looking./br a gift.for their lhe show.
scavenger
loved ones and especially .for their children. And vthat M: Thant
c'ottld be better thcrn a !2et, o cute,.furcy playmate waiting
128t5
under the tree on Christmas morning, right? Well, not 1 36/1
ANIMAL alw'avs. Tbday we hctve in the stttdio Dn Mark Preskett, Left: petal
a veterinarian, u,ho is going to tell us a little bit aboltl flower pot
the dangers of giving a pet as a Christnta.s gift.
wilo/ l
l
136t2
Host: Hello, Mark. primr0se;
Mark: Hello. lily; narcis
H: So tell us, whttt v)rong with giving a pet os a Cft?
i.s
M: Well, it s not that giving a pet as a gi./i is v'rong, it s 137t3
just lhe v'q) tllat nlany people do it that sometimes causes Left: leaf a
trotrble. bough

H: How so? 137t5
M: Well, the first day you bring home a pet, whether it A. pine cone
be a dog or a cat or even a conary, is extremely impor- B. oak leaf
tant for the relationship you are going to have with the C. (horse) chestnut leaf with a conker / chestnut
animal. You have to remember that most of the times the D. three acorns
animals are very young, and it is the.first time they have E. beech leaf
been away from their mothers, so of course they are F. rowan berries
very vnlnerable and need to be taken care of and made G. beech nut / mast
tofeel comfortable in their new home. And if you think H. pussy willow / catkins
of Christmas morning, with all of the excitement and the
presents and all of the family gathered round the tree, Practice Makes Perfect - p. 138
it s probably the worst time to bring a young animal into 1. c
your household. 2.d
H: Yes, if you see it from the animal'.s point of view, it 3.a
must really look quite mad. 4. a,b
M: It certainly does. So, a good idea is to tell your chil- 5.c
dren what their present is, maybe by putting a dog collar 6.c
or something like that under the tree, and thenwait afew 7. c
days until things have settled down before you actually 8.d
bring the animal home. oh
H: Well, that makes sense. And tell me, are certain pets 10. b
better than others as gifts? 11. heather
M: Well, the animal you choose should.fit the personwho 12. forgetme-not
is going to look after it. Many times people bring home 13. thyme
a puppy, and atfirst the children are oll excited and play 14. cornflower
with it all the time, but then school starts again and they 15. dandelion
see the puppy needs to be looked a.fter and the puppy gets 16. ferret
kind ofJorgotten... 17. rat
H: And the parents end up looking after it. 18. fox
M: Eractly. 19. bear
H: You're pretty much better ol.f buyingfish, then. 20. ape
M: Well, actually, it's interesting you should soy that 21. cone
because fish are some of the most dfficult pets to core 22. masi
/or. You have to keep thefsh tank clean and at a proper 23" acorns
temperature, which can sometimes be rather triclqt. So 24. conkers
many people who buyfish cts a kind of low-maintenance 25. cone
pet end up Jinding out that it s much harder than they 26. berries
thought. 27. c
H: So what kinds of animals are the easiest to care Jbr? 28. d
M: Well, generally caged animals are the easiest. By this 29. a
I mean something like hamsters, birds, or even turtles. 30. b
H: Well, now, that's definitely an original Christmas gift.
families
Well, Dr Preskett, thank you very much.for coming on And More Practice... - p. 139
br their
td what
the show. 1. a
waiting
M: Thankyou. 2.b
1n
lell, not
136t1 4. b
'reskett, Left: petal, leaf; Right: stalk, bloom / flower, bud, roots (in the 5.d
tt abotrt
flower pot) 6.a
7. d
136t2 8.c
primrose; lily of the valley; daisy; hyacinth; crocus; iris; pansy; 9.b
lily; narcissus; chrysanthemum; daffodil; tulip 10. d
a
mg, it s
cft? 11 . cowberry/cranberry
137 t3 12. water lily
i couses
Left: leaf and blossom, branch, bark, trunk; Right: crown, twig, 13. poppy
bough 14. daisy
. KEY. 231
15. daffodil 14211 143t6
16. mouse Police Officer: All right, now, Ms Begbie, I know this is Friend: t
17. wolf di/ficult./'or you, but v,e need yotr to give a description of' Sue: Dor
18. squirreling your assailant for the polic:e artist so that we can make a could jus
19. monkey sketch of him. Do you think ltott cqn do that for us? F: Why?
20. hares Ms Begbie: Ye.s, I think so. I got a good look at him. God, S: IVhat't
)1 cnrrrnp ninp fir I don't think I could ever.forget his./'ace. I went to
22. larch, lime, hornbeam, birch, beech, oak, maple, horse P: All right then, let'.s start with the.face. Wa.s it a round She btrtct
chestnut, elm, rowan, willow, ash face or an oval one? F: Oh, it
23. c B: Oh, it was round, definiteh' round. He was a verv.fat grows oLt
24. f man, and he had a double chin and, I think, yes, with a S: Its au
25. g big cleJi. perm. I h,
26. h P: Ok, a cleft chin. Like this? Good. lt/ow, letls do the e.ves. always g
27. b What kind of eltes did he have'? But she c
28. e B: Well, the-v were big round ey,es. No, not quite that are too s
29. a round, a little bit more sqlrate than that... Yes, good, like I hat
30. d now yoLt've got it. They were big and brown, and he F: Well,
hacl big htrshy eyebrows that ki.nd oJ came together Yes, John's nt
EVERYDAY PHRASES - p. 140 perfect. S.'No, w,
1. J
P: Right, and what ttbout the nose? Was it a slraight nose? F:Well,1
L. d B: No, no, he had a big.flat nose, kind of like a drinker's hair? We
3. 1 nose, you know, all veined and red. And it was a little bit he hod ta
4.e crooked, as ifit had been broken and never set right. length, w
5h P: Right, like this'/ Good. And the lips? Were they./ull the busir,
6.c lips ? way olf.
7. f B: Yes, and very chapped and cracked, as iflte had been was too L
8.9 outside in the cold a long time. And he had a moustache bad now
9.h as well. Yes, exoctly like that. he /trst g
10. k P: And did he have anv distingtrishing.features, like a way to m
11. i scqr or a birthmark'?
12. d B: No, but he did have rather bad acne. His face u'as 144t1
covered in pimples. 1. bladr
THE HUMAN BODY P: Allright, let's have a look at the hair then. How long 2. ankl(
was it? 3. arm,
14'l12 B: Oh, it was about .shoulder-length, parted in the mid- 4. lung
1. unblemished dle, and very wavy. It w,as dark brov,n, but streaked with 5. kidnt
2. bulging grey. Right. Oh m1t god! That s him! That s the man who 6. tend,
3. glistening took my purse! 7. heac
4. obesity 8. ankl(
5. fitter '|'4212 9. knee
6. concepts a. chapped lips; teeth 10. ham
7. mohawk b. rosy cheeks; chin 11 . toe
8. tomboy c. low forehead; hair 12. musr
9. balding d. dimoled chin: nose 13. hear
'10. host e. slanted eyes; face '14. neck
f. receding hairline; eyebrows
141t3 g. short hair; forehead 14st5
Phrases from the text: long legs, firm thighs, flat stomach, h. lank hair; cheeks A
huge breasts, tanned skin, god-like man, muscular man, i rrollnur tooth linc 1. I
sculpted chest, wide shoulders, slim nation, pierced lips, stocky L. d

masculine build, short hair, double chin '|'4213 3.9
1st picture: round eyes, flat crooked nose, thick bushy 4. c
'14211 eyebrows, a birthmark on one cheek, dimpled chin; 2nd 5j
It is the fourth man from the left. picture: straight nose, a pockmarked face, a birthmark under 6.h
the right eye, thin lips, beard, double chin; 3rd picture: scars, 7. e
moustache, ihick arched eyebrows, round face, straight nose; 8.d
NOTE: None of them has slanted eves. 9. I
143t6 10. b
t this is Friend: Hi, Sue. Nice hat. Is it new? B
ilion of Sue: Don't even talk about m1t hat! God, I am so mad I 1a
make a could just scream! 2.a
c? F: Why? I4/hat s the matter? 3.9
n. God, S: I4that's the matter? Just look! (Sue takes olf her hat.) 4.d
I went to the hairdresser's today and lookwhat she did! 5j
t round She butchered me! 6.f
F: Oh, it s not really that bad... I mean, maybe when it 7. c
,tery.fat grows out it'11... 8.b
with a S: It's awful! God! All I asked herfor was a trim and a 9.h
perm. I had a lot of split ends, and I wa.s tired oJ myJiinge 10. i
Ie eves. always getting in my eyes, so I wanted it a little shorter

But she chopped my.fringe completely o./f, and the 'sides Practice Makes Perfect - p. 146
ite that are too short too. And this perm is so curly that I look 1. i
, good, like I have an afro! Itis terrible! 2.c

and he F: I[ell, you know, it could he worse. Have you seen 3.b
er. Yes, John s new haircut? 4.)
S: No, why? 5.h
'nose? F: Well, you know how John used to have sttch lovely long 6.d
"inker'.s hair? Well, he got a new job in an insurance company so 7. t
'ittle bit he had to cut it o/f. He wanted itittst to be a nice, normal B.g
Oa
ight. length, with a parting on the side and all that. You know,
hey ./ull the businessman look. Ilell, the harber shaved it all the 10. a
way o.Lf. By the time he realised what was happening, it '11 . hair
d been was too late, so he had to get a crew cut. It doesnl look so 12. mouth
astache bad now that he's grown a moustache and beard, butwhen 13. forehead
he frst got it he looked like a skinhead! Not exactly the 14. knees
, like a way to make a goodfirst impression at your new job. '15. spine
16. legs
tce was 144t1 '17. belly
1. bladder, ear, stomach, Iung 18. thighs
w long 2. ankle, wrist 19. hands
3. arm, shin 20. figure
he mid- 4. lung, kidney 21. b
edwith 5. kidney, gall 22. d
an who 6. tendon, hamstring, muscle 23. a
7. head, tooth, ear, stomach 24. d
8. ankle, toe, leg, arm, wrist, finger, nose, tooth, neck 25. c
9. knee, ankle, wrist, finger, collarbone 26. a
10. hamstring, tendon, ligament 27. a
'11 . toe 28. d
12. muscle,leg, arm 29. c
13. heart 30. a
14. neck
And More Practice... - p.147
145t5 1. f
A 2.c
1. r
3.e
2.a 4. b
3.9 5j
k bushy 4.c 6.i
n; 2nd 6i I. d
rK unoer 6.h B.g

3: SCarS, 7a qd
nt nose; 8.d '10. h
0f 11 . liver
. KEY. 233
tz. kidneys F: Well, I think you shottld just go lo your doc:tor. A fever -*e are
13. heart is nothing to take lightly, you know! other ir
4A
extremities S: Yeah, maybe you're right. genera
15. mouth
16. belly 150t1
1-l
tt - tonsils wheelchair; walking aids: walking stick, crutch, forked stick;
18. 00ne special bathroom and toilet facilities: grab-handle, handrail; especra
19. linc Zimmer frame lwalking frame. personi
20. finnprc all kind
21. d 151t4
22. f,b,d,a,e,c 1.J.D.E
23. c Homely
l+. a 152t1
25. D Nasal drops can be used when you have a bad cold and 154t1
zo. it is difficult for you to blow your nose because it's blocked. broken b
27. 0,0 Some people prefer "natural" remedies for the same purpose stomach
28. b - sucking mineral water or salt water; Eye drops can be
29. used if you suffer from an eye infection or if you have worked 15413
30. b somewhere where there was a lot of dust. You can use Childrer
camomile instead; penicillin and other antibiotics should only whoopinl
HEALTH be used when prescribed and dosed by a doctor. You should Affected
always follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Various fever -
148t1 other medicines can help you feel better - if you suffer tract, mu
f. influenza / flu / infected throat Sedatives / tranquillisers
from pain, you take painkillers. tuberculc
2. sore throat, hacking cough, headache, sore muscles should help you relax. Sleeping pills help you induce sleep. food pois
3. about four days Homeopathic medicine may be a solution for some, - throat e
4. aspirin, cough syrup, throat lozenges others will prefer various herbs or acupuncture, hypnosis or diarrhoei
5. not yet other alternatives; Vitamins can also come in the form of allergy -
6. she thinks the doctor will oive her aniibiotrcs and she hates pills or capsules or tablets. Ointments are welcome help - stoma(
them when you have various dermatological problems. Camphor NOTE:lr
creams relieve aching joints. Sunscreens / creams children'r
14811,2 protect skin from sunburn and skin cancer. others (e
Friend: FIi, Samantha, how s it going?
Samuntha: Oh, not so good. 153t4 154t4
F: Yeah, yott look a bit under the weather. What's Suggesfed follow-up activity: Here are the four I first star
w-ronT / endings of the four paragraphs. Distribute the ano I wa
S: Oh. I think I've got the fht. My throat i.s so sore, ond l photocopied s/rps rn c/ass and as k students to match home fro
have this hac'king cough that just v)on't go uwtr.v. Evet,t the speeches to the participants. further. V
morning I u'ake up u'ith this terrible heudttche and my They opr

ntuscles dte sot? allover. I.feel like I coultl just die! 1 ... by sanctioning the use of drugs you invite more young at home
F: Yeah, there has been a.fltt bug going around lately. people to experiment with drugs until they try more powerful the ice cr
Jane'.s been honte sick with it.for the lust.few da1,5, on4 stuff and get hooked. He thinks that Dutch figures show that
I just hope she doesnT give it to me. I've gol too mttch very clearly. 155t1
work right now to get sick. a. won
S: Tell me about it! I'cl love to.jtrst take a.feu' dat,s olf and 2 ... soft drugs might be sold under the same conditions as kno'
recover./rom this, but I can7. My boss is a real slave-dri- crgarettes and alcohol. He said no research has ever proved b. the
ver. I don't think she'd let me have a sic'k da.t' if l came to grass is more addictive than alcohol and there are no or few c. mar
v'ork in a come. Besides, I don't want to go to the doctor restrictions on its sale. He stressed tobacco and alcohol d. prer
He'cl .iusl give me antibiotics, and I hate antibiotics. industries have a big share in the national economy. c0n'
F: Well, vou should at least go dou,n to the chemist ls and trim
get yotrrselJ some medicine. 3 ... legalizing the possessions of drugs. He thinks it evident labc
S: I have. I've been taking aspirin and cough syrttp, and from Dutch experience that war on drugs has failed. The foet
I go through a bag ofthroat lozenges a da1t, but nothing remedy to drug abuse is to be sought outside the penal
seems to help. Now I think I'm getling a.fever system, in schools and in families. Above all, drugs are a Practic
F: Yeah, volt are a little bit hot. How long has this been social, not a criminal problem. Criminalising the victims is 1. b
going on ! going to lead to more alienation, which is behind drug abuse.
2. b,a
S: Abottt /bur day's nov'. It.just keeps getting worse, too. More than anything else, it would show how powerless 3.b
' y' fever
we are in the face of the breakdown of the family and 4.b
other institutions responsible for upbringing of the future J. A
0eneration. 6.b
7. a
4... the r.rrug. bverythr@ 8.b
ed stick; we are sending out to the kids could be very damaging, 9.a
handrail; especially at an age when they haven't yet developed their 10. b
personalities and are thus more insecure and susceptible to 11. b
all kinds of bad influence, such as alcohol and tobacco. 12. a
13. unhealthy
'1. 14. ills
J. D. Buckley 2. Martin Blank 3. Capt. John Stewalt 4. Janet
Homely 15. sick / ailing
16. infectious / contagious
cold and 154t1 '17. symptoms
blocked. broken bone / limb / fracture; food poisoning, salmonella, upset 18. pain
purp0se stomach; diabetes; malignant tumour / cancer 19. crippling
'
UdII UU 20. paralysed
) worKeo 154t3 21. i
can use aa
Children's diseases: scarlet fever, mumps, chickenpox, LL. d
)uld only whooping cough, polio, measles 23. g
u should Affected parts of the body: constipation - bowels; scarlet 24j
'arious -
fever - throat, skin; pneumonia lungs; flu - respiratory 25. h
lu suffer tract, muscles; mumps - salivary glands; cholera - intestines; 26. e
illisers tuberculosis - lungs; appendicitis - appendix; headache - head; 27. d
"a cloon food poisoning - stomach; chickenpox - skin; whooping cough 28. f
)r some, - throat and lungs; typhoid - intestines; throat infection - throat; 29. c
rnosiS or diarrhoea intestines; polio * limbs; indigestion - stomach;
- 30. b
form of allergy - various parts; measles - skin; hepatitis - liver; ulcer
me nerp - stomach, duodenum And More Practice ...
1^
- p. 157
mphor NOTE: In the Czech Republic, you get vaccinated against allthe LO
reams children's diseases mentioned above; vaccination against some z,d
others (e.9. flu, hepatitis, tuberculosis) is also administered. ?h
4.b
1s4t4 5.b
te four Ifirst started feeling sick at school one day. My throat felt sore 6.b
tte the and I was having trouble swallowing. My mother let me stay 7. a
r match home from school for a few days, but my throat swelled up even 8.b
further. We went to the doctor, and he said that I had tonsillitis. 9.a
They operated on me the next day, and I spent the next week 10. a
VOUNq at home recovering. lt wasn't all bad, though - | got to eat all 11. b
lwerfu'i the ice cream I wanted for the whole week! 12. b
lw that 13. bruised
15511 14. healthy
a. women have strange cravings: pickles being the most well 15. fatal
ONS AS known 16. deadly
pr0ve0 b. the beginning of pregnancy is the most crucial time 17. painful
OT TEW c. many hours 18. cancer/ disease / epidemic
llcohol d. premature baby - a baby born early 19. headache
contractions - tightening ... 20. jaundiced
21. d
,*-l trimester - a siage of pregnancy
labour - the series of contractions... 22. c
d. The foetus - a developing baby 23. b
penal at
za, d
..''"" Practice Makes Perfect - p. 156 25. c

IIMS IS
1. b 26. i
a0use. a
L. h^
U.d 27. f
rerlell 3.b 28j
. KEY. 235
29. g '16212 skateboa
30. h 1. lodge dartboar
2. skiing holiday swimnrir
SPORT 3. rack cricket, t
4. hard-packed snowmo
1s8t2 5. downhill surfboarr
1. sprint / dash 6. slope aqualunS
2. hurdles 7. tift - golf
3. pole vault B. ticket NOTE:'
4. long jump, triple jump 9. snowplough sports: g
5. javelin 10. skis goggles,
6. (competitive)walking 11. poles broom (
7. weightlifting 12. cross-country saddle, r
8. boxing flns, gog

9. judo, ju-jitsu 163t1
10. wrestling Because he'd put on a lot of weight. 164t3
11. karate Lifting weights. Role pl
12 fencing No. He was afraid his new muscles would turn to flab if he with rot
13. shooting stopped exercising. combini
14. archery father '
15. downhill skiing 163t1 skating
16. sledging / sledding / luge Part A the pair
17. climbing / mountaineering IJirst started exercising in college, becau.se I'd put on a Jason, r
18. swimming lot of weight and just wa,sn't .feeling good about mvself.
19. windsurfing / sailboarding At first I was only concerned with how I looked, so I Julie:\
20. water-skiing storted lifting weights. I went to the gym three times a know thr
21. rowing week, and I saw results almosl immediately. M1,./at star- suffer fr(
22. sailing ted tttrning into muscles, and if anl,thing, I got bigger. your per
23. ice-skating But, even though I looked better, and I was definitely neglect
24. icehockey stronger, I still didn't.feel much healthier. I was building y0urseI
25. football / soccer up these large ma.sses of muscle, and I was aJraid that
26. rugby iJ'I stopped exercising, the.v would all turn to flab and I Jason
27. basketball would be in worse shape thon I was before I started. It Julie wc
28. baseball was also realll: boring,.jusl lifiing those v,eights up and the 0lyr
29. tennis, badminton, squash down over and over again. So I decided that I needed to you uno
30. golf get some different kinds ofexercise. more trr
16112 163t2 Julie'

LA
Part B comper
L, tr
So I gave up weight training, and decided to get more She sta
3.c aerobic exerci.se, but I couldn't decide which kind to of the s
4.d take up. I know that su,imming is strpposed to be the best at coml
5.b aerobic exercise, bttt I'm nol ct verry good swimmer. I can [rg0r0$
161/3 barell, do the breast stroke. So thatwas out. And aerobics,
1. was modelled on being a woman s sport and all, u,as definitely out. In the I Jrri"',
2. emphasis end I decided on cvcling and squash. I bike to work every 0ec0m(
3. pagan day, and my girlfriend ond I go out on bnger trips on the Games
th11
4. clashed with weekend when the w,eather s nice. And I have some./i'iends in
5. foster who I play squash with on Thursday nights, so that w'orks

Julie'r
6. broadcast oltt my upper body ond lets me release some tension a,s
7. enhancing well. On the whole, I'd say I'm pretty.fit. You bel
8. steroids
Olympir
9. have been stripped of 163 I start tra
10. boycotted tennis racquet / racket * tennis; jogging shoes -running:

roller skates / blades - roller skating; sledge / sled
The Surnmer Otympic Games will be held in London in 2012 sledding; parachute - jumping; saddle - riding; Frisbee
(http ://www. london20 1 2.com/)
- throwing; pool stick pool; squash racquet - squash;

skateboard skateboarding;walkingshoes walking; Skating friend:You are Julie's skating friend. You know
dartboard darts; fishing rod - fishing / angling; Julie as a talented and hardworking skater, who has won
swimmingcostume swimming; bat-baseball, softball, several national youth competitions and one international
cricket, table-tennis / ping-pong; snowmobile - riding a competition. You believe that she will make it into the Olympic
snowmobile; wet suit diving; water skis - water skiing; team. You yourself would sacrifice anything for this goal.
surfboard surfing;mallet-croquet,poio;raft rafting;
aqualung diving; crampons - mountaineering; caddy Sponsor: You are a representative of a large company I
- golf that produces skating boots. Your company is prepared to i
NOTE: The pictures depict some more equipment and fund Julie's new training programme for two years if she i
sporls: golfclubs, cross-country boots, safety bindings, appears in a commercial for their product.
goggles, hiking boots, pin balls (ten-pin bowling), stone,
broom (curling), landing net, reel (fishing / angling), School friend: You are Julie's school friend. The two of
saddle, stirrups, whip, riding boots (riding), flippers / you have always been quite close. You think Julie's schedule
fins, goggles / face mask, snorkel (diving) is gruelling. lt leaves her very little time for studying, let alone
socializing. She doesn't go to the movies or dancing with you
164t3 any longer. You feel very strongly, that she should give up
Role play - professional sports (slips of paper figure skating and be more of a "normal" teenager.
ab if he with roles to be distributed in class). Posslb/e
combinationsi Julie's mother + Julie's trainer, Julie's 165
father + Julie's sponsol Julie + Jason, Julie's 1. golf
skating friend + Julie's schoolfriend. After a while, 2. cricket
the pairs may be exchanged, e.g. Julie's mother + 3. bowls
'ut on a Jason, etc. 4. bowling
myself. 5. skittles
'd, so I Julie:Your dream is to compete in the Olympic Games. You 6. rugby
rtmes a know that this, however, can't be achieved without costs. You 7. American football
at star- suffer from some emotional problems - you worry a lot about
hiooer your pedormance, you can't live like a "normal" teenager, you 166t2
'finitely neglect your boyfriend. You don't know whether to commit throw-in - football and other ball games, ice-hockey; serve
uilding yourself to a rigorous programme or not. - tennis and any other nefsport; shoot - football, any goal
id that sport; basket - basketball; cleats - football, rugby, any
bandl Jason: You are.trti.'r noytri.nOlo, n.t,.* ;;ly tf"f team sport on a pitch, athletics; corner kick - football;
rted. It Julie won't train rigorously enough to become a member of travel - basketball; baseline - tennis, any racquet sport;
up and the Olympic team. You don't want to tell her openly because slam - any racquet sport; forehand - tennis, any racquet
zded to you understand her ambition, but you would Iike her to spend sport; net - fishing, polo, football, basketball, volleyball, some
more time with vou. racquet sporl; defence x offence - any team sport with
goals / targets, e.g. football, ice-hockey; umpire - tennis,
I Julie's mother: You would like Julie to give up American football, volleyball, field hockey, cricket, baseball,
j competitive skating. You are worried about your daughter. badminton; backhand - table tennis, any racquet sport;
tt more j She starves herself to retain the lithe figure prized by judges goalie - football, hockey, any sport with goals
'cind to of the sport. She spends most of her time at the ice rink or
he best at comoetitions. And now she wants to enter even more Practice Makes Perfect - p. 167
r. I can rigorous training programme. 1. g
.A
L.U
robics,
In the Julie's father:You support Julie a lot in her ambition to 3.b
k every become a member of the team competing at the Olympic 4.C
on the Games. You have already invested a lot of time and money 5.f
friends in this dream and vou believe it will come true. 6.a
lworlu 7. e
llon QS Julie's trainer: You've been Julie's trainer for 3 years. 8. pitch / field
You believe strongly that she has what it takes to make the 9. field
Olympic team, but she should forget about her boyfriend and 10. course
start training more rigorously than ever before. 11. pool
Lnning; 12. rink
/ sled 13. court
jrisbee 14. courl
quash; 15. rink
. KEY. 237
16. trump card Home The Hur
17. keeps his cards close to his chest 1. through 1. out
18. gamble 2. out 2. to
19. gambled 3. off 3. in
20. skating on thin ice 4. in Health
21. plain sailing 5. on f. in
22. unsporting Food 2. of
23. key player 1. on
24. moving the goalposts 2. out MEDII
25. ranked as favourite 3. out
26. stakes 4. off 170t2
27. in the running Shopping L tablo
28. out of the running 1. on 2. urge
29. make all the running 2. up, down ? nenr
vvvv
30. the odds are 3. in 4. exce
4. in 5. intrur
And More Practice... - p. 168 Clothes 6. circu
1" c 1. of 7. sue
2.e 2. up 8, relial
3.a 3. in f. inver
4. d 4. out 10. anor
5.f 5. in
6.b Work & Leisure 171t3

7. g 1. out, io
Contents
B. shoes / track 2. ends
internatior
9. ring
3. up previews,
10. rink
4. on
news; TV
11. table
5. off
ann0unc€
12. racquet
Town & Country
column;
13. hoop 1. off
weafier;
c
14. shoes
2. out
advertiser
15. wrestler
3. up
16. neck and neck

4. to
171t4
17. outsider
5. to
Andrew:
Sightseeing
18. at stake Gary'I4
19. against all odds
1. on
A: But it
20. firsfpasfthe-post
2. round
news is s
21. touch base
3. of
some sex
Travel
22. own goal 1. of seriou
to
23. play his game 2. off
G: It's nt
)A nnnd cnnrt A: Oh, c
25. play fair
3. on
26. marathon
4. in
news se(
27. pul/ lay your cards on the table

5. on
written b
6. tn
G: All rii
28. pawn 7. on care less
29. game was up 8. out newspap
30. baiting Farming back. Sp
L while this pape
PHRASES AND PHRASAL VERBS - p. 169 2. up everythir
Family 3. for and the t
1. after Climate page $ l

2. on 1. for Besides,
3. up 2. to cartoons
4. out 3. from A: Yor,t ct
5. up 4. up strip!
5. out G: Well,
example

The Human Body A: Well, I know...
1. out G: That's the most mainstream, com.mercial paper in
2. to London! At least m)) paper says something. That paper
3. in just takes whcttever the Home Office says and prints it
Health like gospel. They couldnl find a real story if it came up
1. in and hit them in thefac..
2. of A: I know, I know! I really donl like it either. But mywife
insisted that we subscribe to it. She likes the women s
MEDIA pages. You know, the lifestyle and fashion section and
things like that. But it does have a decent business section.
170t2 Almost as good as your rcrcing page.
1 t:hlnid nrpcc G: And the crossword puzzle in it is quite good.
2. urgency A: Yes, especially the Sunday one. It takes me all Sunday
3. paparazzi morning to finish it.
4. excess G: Yeah, but, Andrew...
5. intrusion A: Yes?
6. circulation G: [4/hot about the news?
7. sue A: Oh, that. Well, I get that from television.
8. reliable sources
f. investigative reporting 171t5
10. anonymous attacks -
criticises
backs - supports
17',|13 ban - prohibit
Contents of a typical newspaper: front page; local news; bid - attempt
international news; business and financial news; arts reviews, cuts - reductions
n^^t
previews, and people -rncluding book, movie, and theatre ^^,^^m^h+
{l^ L+^
news; TV and radio guide; birth, maniage, and engagement ilgilr.J - UPPUDUJ
announcements; obituaries; sport; lifestyle and fashion; advice looms - is about to happen
column; crosswords; health; law reports; letters to the editor; plummets - falls
weather; gossip column; comic strips; horoscopes; classified probe - investigation
advertisements quits - resigns
roiontc - rofr rcoc
171t4 row - disagreement

Andrew: Gaty! I canl believe you read that trash! set - ready
Gary: What? I like this newspaper. surge - nse
A: But it's the worst o.f the gutter press ! All oJ the home talks - negotiations
news is sensationalised trash about the Royal Family or triggers - causes
some sex scandal in the government. Thereb not a scrap vow - promise
of serious news in that whole paper! graft - bribery
G: Itis not that bad.
A: Oh, come on! It doesnt even have an international '|'7116
news section, and the editorials seem as iJ they were Suggested activity: Cut each headline into words, divide the
written by the page three girls. class into 4 groups and give each group a set of jumbled words
G: All right. All right. But, you know, Andrew, I couldn't for one of the four headlines.
care less about the Royal Family. Look, when I read o
newspaper, I donl start on the front page. I start at the I Drug Probe Backs Taon cig Ban
back. Sports, mate, thatig what I wanna hear about. And
z Minister Quits Over Grafl Scandal
this paper has the best sports round-up in England. It s got
Welfare Cuts Loom dD Tax Revenues
everything onfooty, the bestfull coverage oJ the games,
and the inside stories about each team. And the rocing
A
Rebels Reject Deal Vow to Keep
page is spot on, mayte! Best racing page in England!
Besides, if you want politics, take a look at the political Practice Makes Perfect - p.174
cartoons in the.funnies. L over
A: You canT form your political opinions Jrom a cartoon 2. for
strip! 3. on
G: Well, what are you reading? Ah-ha! That's a fine 4. case
example ofjournalism for you. 5. features
. KEY. 239
in CULTURE '18014
7. on Futher
8. of 177t2 Asinm
v. pan director - tells the actors how to play, is the head organizer; dilfereni
10. after lead - plays the main role; composer - writes music; the gene
11. allowances stage designer - invents the setting that the play takes pASSlOnt
4n prutud q
with place in, and finds props; performer - actors; costume
13. b designer - designs clothing for the actors; producer love in't
14. o When
- organizes and funds the show; stage manager - carries Ti
15. out what the stage designer has planned; extra - people hired Bach or
16. b only for the big scenes; understudy - actor studying a role fourneyt
17. to substitute for an absent colleague; prompter - whispers Fifth at
18. d forgotten lines to help the actors; lighting operator - keeps When ht
19. d the stage bright or dark; playwright - the author of a play and he r
20. a,b ear for n

21. regional OR international 178t2 day, whe
22. to bring about; encourage Positive: The leading man gave a great performance as somethit
23. meaningless; minimal Napoleon. lt was thrilling. The direction was wonderful. I felt the to chantr
.A 0epen0ency
La. blaring:
passion. lt kept me on the edge of my seai. lt was full of tension
25. together with and suspense. Atouching story. A heart-warming film. Afilm for out of hi
26. states the whole family. The special effects and stunts were great; I don't r
27. recerve Negative: lt was boring. The story was predictable. The
actor still plal
28. taking over wasn't very convincing. The story wasn't believable. A total rehearst
29. different waste of money. I walked out half-way through the film. I suppos
30. nationwide But I co,
179 knov' th
And More Practice ... - p. 175 stringed: lyre, violin, mandolin, balalaika, harp, guitar his pass
1. racist wind: saxophone, recorder cla.s.sica
2. sexist brass: French horn, trumpet not all t
3. violent percussion: drum, maracas, cymbals, triangle, drum set Tommy t
4. concerned keyboards: grand piano the conc

5. criticize marvellt
6. superficial 180t2 might hc
7. important 1. pop music (pub, bar) mLtstc a:
8. applaud 2. classical music, violin recrtal (concert hall) I decide
f. in-depth 3. classical music (concert hall), jazz (restaurant with live wav, v)e
10. cunent music) ./ather ai
11. recognize 4. classical music (concert hall, opera house) Son
12. provide 5. popular music, jazz (restaurant with live music) My dad',
'13. alternative media 6. popular music, jazz (club, pub, bar) trouble,
14. complete 7. singer (see numbers 5 and 6) I h)ant ta
15. inadequate 8. rock music, disco music (rock concert, discotheque) is one tl
'16. minority 9. classical music, piano recital (concert hall), rhythm and always tr
17. biased coverage blues, rock (restaurant with live music) Don't gt
18. to wet one's feet you're tl
19. mainstream sources 180t4 that. Bu,
20. available a. He thinks it is OK on some occasions. a.fanati<
21.
aa
b b. He isn't very enthusiastic, but says it's not at all bad. to play i
LL. d c. He doesn't mind because Tommy started playing the or some
23. alb guitar. was bor,
24. alb d. He thought it all right, perhaps a little boring, but he didn't I don't t
25. a want to hurt his father's feelings. the pian
26. alb e. No, he isn't. but he doesn't know how to tell his father. I would
27. a I really ,
28. a your het

29. alb it, I gue.
30. a generatt

180t4 can't stand it, ond u,i.shes I was still playing Buch on
Father /he piano or singing Beelhoven ./i'ont the child-seat in
As in most.familie.s, nr,, son, Tommv, and I hutte tten, the car.
dffirent lilbstyles. But there is one thing, that bridges The other night he took nte out to a concert. Il ta.s ttll
Janrzer;
MUSiC; the generation gap befvteen us, and tltatis t'uusic. I ctnt a right, I guess. But it vtus a little boring. All of the ntusici-
ry takes passionate lover o/ classical music and opera, and I am ans.f trst sitting ut the slage plaf ing, and ever.t'bodt being
stume proud of the /hct thttt I hove helped to instil thttl same quiet and then t'lapping politeh, at the end. O/ c,ttu'sa,
ducer love in Tbmm.v. I didnl \rant to hurt Dadls.feelings, so I told him it vt'tr,s
-carries When Tontm.y v,tts.iust an infant, I used to pnt on some great,jttst to make hin happlt.
rle hired Bach or Tt:haikov.sky when we were in the car on Iong Well, that was a ntistake. The nert day- he ran out und
rg a role
journeys. He loved il, and he w'ould sing Beelhoven's bought season tic'kets, and now he wants n1e to go oncc
/nrspers Fifth ot the top of hi.s lungs all dov long. or even twic'e o ntonlh./br the w,hole year! I really tlon't
- kppnc Ilhen he w,as older, Tbntnt), started taking piano lessons, t+'otlt to do it, bttt I don'l know how to tell hint. He'.s so
d ptdy and he nnde ext'ellent progress. He alw'uy.s had a great ercited, and I ntean, he does let the band practi.se in /hc
ear.fbr nursic, and he plaved at several recitals. Then one basement. Bttt oooh! llh)'con't he ju,st understand lhul I
dot', r'rhen Tttmnry vvas I 3, he told me that he w'untetl to ttt' tlon't lo,t,e c:lassic'al ntusic tts muclt as lte does?
rnce as something dil/brenl: the guitctr. That s v'lten things ,s'tarted
I felt the to change tt little. More and more, I stcu'ted heuring the 181t1
tension blaring sttund,s of heavl, metal guitars and drums conring TEACH YOURSELF SWAHILI lN 20 DAYS - self-help book
\film for out of his room. He didn't tottch the piuno un.y ntore, but FOOT DISEASES SIMPLIFIED - reference book
Jr trdr, I don't reull.v mind. All thatis reall.,- intportttnt is that he THE HITCHHIKER'S GUIDE TO FlJl - guide book
he actor still plol:s'mtr.sit'. ln.fLtct, he.joined cr rock bandu,hic'h now GHANDI-UNAUTHORISED - biography
A total rehearses ever.v Sundav- in our bttsement. THE VAN/PIRE DENTIST - honor
L I suppo,se somc p(trenls tt,ould have been disapltoinled. LOVE lN THE HOT SUMMER - romance
Bul I consider nt.v.self ctn open-mincled father, and I also JJ SPANKS, PRIVATE EYE - detective story
knov' thul his love .fbt' c'lassic'al ntu.sic is v'hal drives DANTE'S INFERNO - classic
dl his pas.sion /br heav)'metal. After all, ntuch o/ it is iust THE WELLAT WORLD'S END - fantasv
classictrl scule.s plared through ct dislorted guitar. [t s LIFE'SAJOKE-humour
not all thut bud, when you really listen to it. kt shov' THE WHITE HOUSE FILES - spy novel
m set Tomnt.t, thttt I trnderstond, I botrght us a pair o/ tickets to THE EATER OF STARS - science-fiction
the concert hall und v,e w,ent,.iust the tvto o/ us. It was o NAPOLEON'S RIGHT HAND - historical novel
mcrrvellotr.s evening, and I knew'then that, even though he
might htrve olher tastes in music, he still loved c'las'sical 181t2
nttrsic tts ntuch as he did v,hen he was d voung ho.l,. So Story 1: After rubbing tanning lotion ..., lt was a beautiful day
I decided lo buy settsott tic:kets for the two o/'us. That and the sun ..., Suddenly a shadow blocked out...
vith live vta.v, ,re can keep sharing our love of mu.sic logether, as Story 2:A heavy rain fell on the streets, drenching ..., Looking
father cmd .sott. around nervously, the man ... He had just got it lit. . .
Son Story 3: lt was 3 a.m. Standard Eafth Time ..., Having grown
Mt, dad s a prettv cool gu-t. He doesn 7 give me too ntuc'h tired of looking out ..., Suddenly, there was a blinding flash...
trotrble, and he lets me dress and act preth, muc'h the wa.t,
I want to, trs long as I get good grades in school. But there 182t1
ue) is one thing thut sometimes annovs me aboul hint. Hels A. Limerick
nm ano alwavs going on and on about classical music. B. Sonnet ending (Shakespeare, No. 94)
Don't get me w'rong, I don't mind classictrl. It',s OK il C. Part of a free verse (Roger McGough, Comeclose and
vou're trying to studt,or get to sleep or somelhing like Sleeonow)
that. Btrl he.seents to have thi.s idea that I'm as muc'h of D. Nursery rhyme
a fanalic about classical music as he is. I guess he used E. Playground chant (acted ending of Oranges and Lemons)
rad. to pltty it lo nte u'hen I v,a,s a kid, and it ntade me lcrugh F. Narrative poem / Ballad (John Masefield, Reynard the Fox)
'ing the
or sontething like that, and he took lhal lo mean that I
v'a.s born to plal'c'lassic'al. Practice Makes Perfect - p. 183
re didn't I don't think Dad ever got over the./act that I gave u1t 1. act
the piano./br the guitar. I guess he had some idea that 2 fiddle
lther, I would bec'ome some great concert pitrnist. But what 3. ace
I really like is the hctrd stuff, you know, music'that gets 4. read
your heart pumping. IJe tries to act like he doesn't ntind 5.c
it, I gtress it make.s hin Jbel in tottch with the vounger 6.e
generation or something like that. But I knou: he realll, 7. i
. KEY. 241
8.a 3. ... to cram for a whole year's courses in one night or even students
9.f in one week. workloa
10. g 4. ... to it than that. has to r,
11. h 5. ...the importance of note{aking when learning. class. Tt
12. d 6. ... highlighting or jotting down the most important points. theit" no
13 j 7. ... notes and goes through them all together. H:Ofcc
14. b 8. ... the mercy of other students. students
15. c - man 9. ... on them to give you the information thatwillhelp you J; Yes,y
16. a - house pass the exam. sible pe'
17. c-unhappy 10. ... luck, and until next week, good bye. on them
18. d - street pass the
19. a - forgotten 18512,3 H: Well,
20. c - films Host: Hello everybody, and welcome to Schooltalk, the progran
21. a-last show that examines the major issues J'acing students, J: Thant
22. d - admiration parents, and teacher.s today. Well, this time of year, the- H: And"
re s really only one i.ssue facing .students, and that',s the trntil ne:
And More Practice... - p. 184 coming exom season, As we speak, students everywhere
1. play are busily going over notes, trying to catch up on their 188t1
2. drum reading, and spending sleepless nights waiting for the Role pli
3. tune dreaded day Well, if you're one of those students, then roles to
4. song put down your pencil.for a.few minutes, because in the ln c/ass
5.d studio today we have Julia Briston, author of the book
6.a Success at School, and she s going to share a.few tipsfor
Farbc
7. b studying and succeeding in your exams. Julia, welcome Americi
B.c to the show. but you
Y Jalia: Thankyou. you finrr
10. e H: So, tell us, Julia, what is the secret of success at through
11. h exams'? neeo a I
12. i J: Well, there s really only one true secret of being a your ple
13. f good student, and that is to work steadily throughout the parents
14j school year You can't expect to cram for a whole ltear ls WNO StU
15. b - heaven courses in one night or even in one week. You have to
16. c-song pace yourself and work at it all year long.
Barbc
17. c - rum H: Like a long distance runner, right? c0mpul
18. b - sniff J: Exactly. don't lik
19. a - million H: But surely, there must be more to it than that. Stttdents
don't th
20. b - play can't be expected to remember things they read six months
career.'
21. a-do earlier, can they'/
study sr
22. d - three J: Well, of course, you still have to study.for exams. But ner eno
the dilJbrence is that the prepared student is review'ing loans. E
EDUCATION the material, while the unprepared student is trying to
t'ot
learn itfor the.first time. And I cannot stress enough lhe | !q!p
18512 importance of note-taking when learning, Both in the Barbo-
o to study steadily throughout the year; class, and while reading, you should always be high- should r
o the prepared student is reviewing; lighting or jotting down the most important points, and I qiven vc
r the unprepared student is trying to learn it for the first then you can use those notes, and not your textbook, as io .op'.
time; the basis ofyour studying. Your textbook should only be be happ
. a prepared student should always be highlighting, used when 1,ou need more information to flesh out what
] interestr
jotting down notes and using these notes as the basis you have in the notes.
of studying; H: Well, that s how a prepared student does it. But what e"rbo
o to focus on the most important things, to form a study about the unprepared students'? Is there any hope Jbr that Bar
gr0up; them? philoso6
o lou are at the mercy of others. J: ofcottrse, ifyou havenl been the perfect studenl
Yes, your da
allyear long, all is not lost. The key is to foc'us on what'.s talk Bar
185/3 most important. Theworst thing a last-minute studier can thing. Yc
1. ... and ihat's the coming exam season. do is try to rectd all of the books at once. That',s just not
!qot1t9!
2. ... going over notes, trying to catch up on their reading. possible. The best idea is to get together with afew other

students andform a study group. You can then divide the Barbora's friend: You study philosophy and you think
workload into four or five parts, and each student just it is a fascinating subject because it provides excellent
has to research and write good notes on one part oJ the intellectual stimulation. Philosophy studies are by no means
class. Then, afew days before the exam, evetybody pools easy (e.9. you have to submit a number of papers each
. points. their notes and goes through them all together. term), but you encourage Barbora to major in this subject.
H: Of course, thenyou're always at the mercy of the other The teachers at the Department of Philosophy are always
students, arenl you? ready to discuss philosophical problems with their students.
rerp you J: Yes, you do have to make sure that you choose respon- Study and library facilities are very good.
sible people for your study group, since you are relying
on them to give you the information that will help you A recruiter from a large computer company: Your
pass the exam. company has links with Barbora's university. You offer
H: Well, Julia, thank you very much for coming on the to sponsor a large proportion of Barbora's studies if she
clk, the program. decides to major in computer science. All throughout her
udents, J: Thankyou. studies she will undertake coursework assignments on the
ar, the- H: And for all of you students out there, good luck, and company premises and will gain business experience. After
at s the until next week, good bye. she graduates from university, she will be encouraged to
ywhere accept her first work placement in this computer company.
m their 188t1 Point out that Barbora's sister works for the same companv
for the Role play - Barbora's dilemma (slips of paper with and is very satisfied.
ts, then roles to be distributed to groups of seven sfudenfs
z in the in class). School counsellor: f.lf godi"thrt th. thorh thtk
rc book carefully and realistically when deciding about which subject
tips for earooii: Yo to take up because her decision can have a very important
elcome American university. You would like to major in philosophy, bearing on her future. lt is vital that Barbora should, after
I but you aren't sure whether you will be able to find a job when she has tried several subjects, major in a subject that really
you finish your studies. You pay for most of your education interests her. On the other hand, she should consider
ces,t at through student loans, which have to be paid off, so you will employment opportunities as well as the marketability of
need a secure job after you graduate from college. Discuss the oualification.
rcing a your plans and your career prospects with your sister, your
rcut the I parents, a recruiter from a large computer company, a friend 188t2
t year's j who studies philosophy, and a school counsellor. 1. Honeymoon Stage
have to 2. Hostility Stage
Barbora's sister: You have recently graduated in 3. Humour Stage
computer programming and found a well-paid job. You 4. Home Stage
don't like your sister's decision to major in philosophy. You
tudents don't think it is a sound education for a successful future 189/3
months
career. You feel strongly that Barbora should "get real" and 1. only
study something that will lead to a "real careef' and earn 2. further
ns. But her enough money to support herself and pay ofi student 3. appointing
tiewing
loans. Barbora should realize too that she can't exoect anv 4. admit
ying to help from your parents, who are now retired' 5. degrees
ugh the 6. compared
in the Barbora's father: You don't want to dictate what Barbora 7. catered
e high- should or shouldn't do. You are convinced that you have 8. mature
rts, and given your younger daughter enough sense of responsibility 9. entrance
ook, as to cope with her problem on her own. You only want her to 10. grants
only be be happy. lf she feels she has finally found a subject that 11 . tuition
vt what interests her, she shouldn't hesitate to take it up. 12. raise
at what Barbora's mother: You agree with your elder daughter Practice Makes Perfect - p. 190
rye for that Barbora should choose a more practical subject than L
I
philosophy. You don't want to play the heavy and organize z. c
your daughter's life for her, but you believe that if you 2
student f
,.what s talk Barbora's dilemma over with her, she will do the right A
k
lier can thing. You secretly believe Barbora will follow in her sister's 5. d
iust not footsteps and major in computer programming. 6. g
w other 7. 0
. KEY. 243
B. I HOLIDAYS 6.a
q j 7. t
'10. d 19211 8.h
11. A Holidays not described on p. 194: Mardi Gras - the festival f.i
12. o of Shrove Tuesday, celebrated in some cities with great revelry;
10j
13. learn VJ Day - the day marking the Allied Victory over Japan in 11. k
4A
learn / study WWll (Aug 15, 1945); Father's Day - a day observed as a 12. s
15. learn / study day in honour of fathers, the third Sunday in June; Columbus 13. o
Day 14. n
16. learn -the second Monday in October, commemorating the
'15. p
17. learn landing of Columbus in 1492.
18. learn 16. m
1q study 19312 17. I
20. learn a. November 18. b
21. in b. January 19. r

t) for c. October 20. u
23. of d. May
24. and e. February 195/1
25. f\a\/nnd f, April
lvlerry L
26. wn0se
qa
g. March
Wishing
Lt- in contrast to h. September Season s
lo. Dy i. August
29. from j. December 195t2
30. during/in k. July Pictures
l. June bauble, S
p. 191 filling the

And More Practice... -
1. f 193/3
2.d cracker (pulled at Christmas dinner on Christmas Day) Practic
3.c Liberty Bell (The historic bell rung to tell people of the 1. d
4.h Declaration of Independence from Great Britain, and of the 2.b

5.i founding of the United States, a symbol of Independence 3.a
6.j Dav) 4.)
7. b a basket of eggs and bunny (symbols of Easter) 5.9
8.a the opening words of the U.S. Constitution written in 1787 6.c
9.e (lndependence Day) 7. h
'10. g picnics and fireworks on Independence Day 8.i
11. write / read fireworks on New Year's Eve / Guy Fawkes' Lf
12. read Night 10. e
13. wriie jack-o'-lantern and a ghost (Halloween) 11. i
14. read Martin Luther King, Jr. for Martin Luther King 12. f
15. write / read Jr. Day 13. b
16. write a Pilgrim and an Indian symbolize Thanksgiving 14. h
17. write / read Day 15.g
18. read bat for Halloween 16. c
19. write George Washington (Washington's Birthday) 17. a
'18.
20. read cup (Father's Day) d
21. in witch on a broomstick (Halloween) 1e j
22. approximately shamrock (St. Patrick's Day) 20. e

23. of card indicating Memorial Day 21. as
24. by heart with a Cupid symbolizing St. Valentine's Day 22. by
25. however 23. in
26. throughout 194t4 24. to
27. through 1a 25. thar
28. or 2.c 26. in
27. For
29. Most 3.d
30. to 4.9 28. acrc
5.f 29. ol
30. at

6.a And More Practice... - p.197
7. t 1. c
8.h 2.b
l festival f.i ?i
r reverry; 10 j 4.J
Japan in 11. k 5n Y
ved as a 12. s 6.f

rmbus 13. o 7. e
rting the 14. n B.d
15. p 9.a
16. m 10. h
17. I 11. d
18. b 12)
19. r 13. a
20. u 14. h
15. c
195t1 16.g
Meny Christmas and a Hoppy New Year. 17. i
Wshing you every happiness in the New Year. 18. f

Seasonb Greetings! 19. b
20. e
'|'9512 21. since
Pictures from the left: Christmas tree, pornsettia, glass ball / 22. with
bauble, Santa Claus / Father Christmas, holly, Father Christmas 23. to
filling the Christmas stocking, holly, nativity scene / creche 24. of
25. for
s Day) Practice Makes Perfect - p. 196 26. in
: of the 1. d 27. with
J of the 2.b 28. in
dence u. o 29. as
4.j 30. from
ter) 5.9
in 1787 6.c MODERN SOCIETY
7. h
ay B.i 1981',|
wkes' 9.f Suggested answers: extinction crisis; genetic engineering;
10. e industrial agriculture; economic globalization; technomania;
11. i industrial crisis; economic crisis...
'King 12. f
13. b 198/3
giving 14. h 1. commercial
15. g 2^ assumption / premise
'16. c 3. cultures
lav) 17. a 4. governmental
18. d 5, preserve / promote / defend
1e j 6. re-establish / take up
20. e 7. WTO - World Trade Organization
a1
Lt. a> 8. civil / civic
s Day 22. by 9. globalization

23. in 10. leaders
24. lo
25. than 198/3
26. in World Culture Resisfs Bowing to Commerce
27. For The advocates ofglobalization would argue thatfree and
28" across open trade and an expansion of commercial relationships
29. of and activities ofall kinds are the keys to a brighter future
30. at for all. The flaw in this premise lies in the misguided
. KEY. 245
u.\.\tttllption that contmerce spur.t ctrlture when, in.fact, the 2011'l citizens
exucl opposite is more often the ca.se. The new cullural 1. maintained drud, ul
activists vt,ould argue that there is not an example in 2. including argumel
h i s lot'1' v'here people.first c'reate commerc' ial re lations ctncl 3. led Alternati
then establish a culttre. Commerce ancl governntenl at'e 4. Having served Temelin,
s eco n cla rv, n ot pr int a nt, i nstitt r t ion s. Th e.y, ove der iva t i ves 5. was constitutionally barred
of the c'trlttrre not the creators oJ'it. Pectplefirst establish 6. elect Practir
a common language; agreed-ttpon c'odes of behaviour 7. exposed 1. d
and cr shared sense ofpurpose to v,it, social capital. 8. had been 2.b
Onb: when cultures are well developecl is there enough 9. committed 3.a
soc'icrl trtrst lo sttpport commercial ancl governmental 10. was thus deemed +.c
institutions. 5.b
IJ'the GB leaders are united in their .support oJ global 202rl 6.a
commerce and trade, the civil societl; movetnent groltps 1. Bill Gates 7. c
are .jtrst cts commilted to the idea of preserving loc'al 2. YuriAlekseyevichGagarrn 8.b
identitl' and enriching both biological and cultural 3. propeller water turbine 9.a
diversity. UnJortuntrtel.v-, today, the c'ulttu'al sector exists 4. soft contact lense 10. c
in a kind of neo-colonial limbo hetween the market and 5. A. G. Bell - telephone 11. Ant
government seclors. Onl.v by making local culture a 6. electric light bulb 12. Rat
coherent, sel;f-att'are political .forc'e u,ill it be possible 13. Rel
to re-establish its c'ritical role in lhe schente ty''human 20212 14. Min
societ.y once again. Indeed, it moy be time to establish a Neil Armstrong - first man to set foot on the moon - 1969 15. Dis
World Cultural Organizcttion to represent diverse cultures Alfred Bernhard Nobel - dynamite - '1867 16. resr
around the globe, and give the "WCO" an equalJooting Alexander Graham Bell - telephone - 1876 17. reft
u'ith the World Tracle Organization in international Viktor Kaplan - propeller water turbine - 1913 18. cler
o//air.s. Otto Wichterle soft contact lenses - 1961
- 19. inflr
Some people v'orry that o reslrgent inlerest in local Thomas Alva Edison - electric light bulb - '1879 20. skir
and ultra-
culture.s illltst inevitabb, lead to xenophobia Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin - first manned space flight - 1961 21. c
nationalist sentimenl. That doesn't have to be so. If Bill Gates and PaulAllen - Microsoft - 1975 22. f
peoplc everv,w'here c'ome to think of their ov,n culttrcrl 23. b
resourc'es nol as possessions to delbnd hut, rathet', as 203t4 24. d
gi/is to erchange v'ith one another, then the great huntcrn 1. genetically 25. e
migrulions of 2lst cenlurr- coultl spaw'n a cttltural 2. human 26. a
renui.ssance and c'reate the condition,s,/br a trul1, humane 3. identical twins 27. (lea
globolizotion of'c'ommerce and trade. The ability of' 4. replacement 28. (aid
politicctl leoders to itlenliJv o-ith and promote both the 5. controversial 29. (cor
interests of the civil societlt and culnrral diversitv will 6. reproductive 30. (fail
be c'ritical to ensuring their relevance and viabilitv in 7. ethical
the c'oming centurv. This was the lesson being tattght by 8. organ
the proteslers ctssernbling on the slreets of Seattle. It s
a les.son that is likel.t'lo repeot it,self ctgain and again. 204t1
The question is. will the heods ofstate take the time 1. Geothermal Energy
to listen careftrlly to the message c'oming from outsicle 2. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
their windot'vs? I/ the.v don't, the escalctting Jrustrcrlion 3. Biomass
is likely to pla1, into the hands oJ'the growing nttmber of' 4. Wind Power
v i o I e n c e -prone ext re m i s t s, u,ith u nto I d cons equen ce s.fbr 5. Hydroelectric Power
the vorld s./irture. 6. Tidal Energy
199/1 20412
1. D 1. convert
2.B 2. gasohol
3.F 3. kinetic
4.A 4. exploit
5.E
20414
Suggested follow-up activity:Ask the students to form two teams
at opposite sides of the classroom - one team representing

citizens in favour of building a nuclear power plant in their And More Practice... - p. 206
area, the other one against it. The two groups exchange 1, a
arguments. z.a
Alternative exercise: The two groups are in favour or against
Temelin. 4.b
5.c
Practice Makes Perfect - p. 205 6.d
1. d 7. c
2.b 8.b
3.a 9.a
4.c 10. a
5.b 11. UF0 / flying saucer
6.a 12. Laser
7. c 13. Space shuttle
8.b 14. Genetic engineering
9.a 15. Nanotechnology
10. c '16. oil
11. Anti-Semitism 17. coal
12. Racism 18. biomass
13. Refugee 19. firewood
14. Minority 20. Biogas
qAq
15. Discrimination 21. c,g
16. results 22. i
17. refuge 23. b
18. cleansing 24. c
19. influence 25. d, h
20. skinheads 26.j
- 1961 21. c 27. f
22. t 28. e
23. b 29. f,h
24. d 30. a
25. e
26. a
27. (lead)- led
28. (aids)- aid
29. (contributed) - contribute
30. (failed produce) - failed to produce
o teams
rsenting
. KEY. 247
couch pr
VOCABULARY counter(
cradle ['
crtche
crib (US
((
cry plaki
date sb (
FAMILY availability of st dostupnost nedeho buggy (US) ['bngi] hlubokj kodrirek dating cl
absent-mindedness roztrZitost. baby bouncer hopsadlo bullying ['bulirl] Sikanov6ni dating a1
nepozomost baby break (coll) mateiskri dovolen6 buried Iberid] pohibenf day care
abuse (a child) zneuZit, znetLivat, baby carriage (US) kod6rek caress [ke'res] hyfckat
tirat (dite) day nurs
baby minder osoba, kter6 se stare carry-cot ta5ka na pien63eni ditdte pokoj
accepted piijatf, uzniivanf, ofici6lni o dirC
chat sb up hudet do ndkoho, ukecat death du
act out piedvriddt, ztv{rnit baby monitor zesilovaci zaiizeni ndkoho, nabalit (si) nEkoho death no
acute disease akutni onemocneni (umoZiuje matce slyset dite po
cheat on sb podvriddt n€koho deceased
celem bytd)
addiction to st n6vyk na n€co cheeky (GB) drz:.i, troufalj
baby-backpack batoh na noSeni dementir
adolescence dospiviin i cheerful vesel!, Sdastnf, radostny slabom
ditEte
adolescent dospivajici, mladistv! child-minder osoba. kter6 se stare dependar
baby-carrier nositko na d(td; tzv.
adopt sb osvojit, adoptovat klokan o dite deplore c
adoption osvojeni, adopce baby-sit for sb hlidat ndkomu ditd child-minding hliddni ddti detentior
adoption agency agentura zprostfed- baby-sitter osoba, kterd se star6 o ditE civil wedding obdanskf siatek odndti s
kujici adopci po kr6tkou dobu comfort chl6chol it, konejSit dexterity

adoptive family adoptivni rodina baby-walker choditko commit sp6chat, dopustit se zruinos
adulterer cizoloZnik bachelor starf ml6denec, neZenatli chore ['tJc:] (nepiijemnd) povinnost; diapers (
adultery cizoloZstvi mttZ dom6cf pr6ce die from
advantage vyhoda, piednost banns ohliiSky (veiejn6 ozn|meni (zrandn
churchyard hibitov
age of consent vdk pohlavni odpo-
cirkevniho siatku) die of (e.1
co-respondent spoluobZalovan6
vddnosti pied z6konem be cremated mit kremaci, b,!t zpo- strana v rozvodovdm iizeni rakovin
pelndn die of old
ageism diskriminace starlich lidi cohabitation souZiti, spolu2iti
be entitled to st mit n6rok na ndco vdkem
aggressive ftodnyi, agresivni coil nitrod6loZni tElisko
be jealous of sb Zdrlit na ndkoho different
alimony ['relrmeni] vyZivne, alimenty come of age stiit se zletillim, dosdh- styly
alter the face of st zmenit tvei nddeho beautician fbj u:'trJan] kosmetidka nout plnoletosti
diminish
amazement uZas, ohromeni, piekva- behaviour chovdni come up piijit na pieties, vynoiit se,
nastat disagree
peni bequeath st to sb [br'kwi:6] odkiizat
ndkomu ndco condolences kondolence, vyj6dieni disobedie
ambitious ctiZridostivli, arnbici6zni, posluSn
niirodnf best man druZba, svddek (obvykle soustrasti
Zenichiv piitel) confusion zmateni, zmatek disposabl
amnesia fem'ni:zie, 3e] amnezie;
oslabeni, ztrAta pamEti bib brynddk congratulations blahopi6ni, gratulace diversify
rozrlzn
appointment book terminov! kalen- borstal (GB) polep5ovna conquer a disease ['kor;ke] piemoci,
der. diei zvl6dnout chorobu, nemoc divorce r,
bottle-feed krmit z lahve
argue about, over st diskutovat, considerate Ikan'srderet] ohledu- divorced
brat spratek, fracek, fakan
h6dat se o ndco rozvede
breadwinner Zivitel rodiny Pln1i, taktni, Pozornli
argument between hddka mezi consist of st skl6dat se z n€deho divorcee
(dvdma)
break up (with sb) rozejit se (s n6-
consummate a marriage dowry ['r
kvm)
arrange a date domluvit (si) schrizku ['konsjumert] naplnit, dovr5it sva- drinking
breast-feed kojit
arranged marriage siatek domlu- zekLeny a muZe pohlavnim stykem alkohol
bride nevdsta
venj piibuznj'mi contraception antikoncepce dummy (
(bride)groom Zenich
arthritis [o:'Orartrs] artritida, zdndt contribute (to, towards) piispdt, dump sb
live onemocndni kloubu bridesmaid druZidka piispivat (k, na) kopadk'
attain oneos majority dos6hnout bring up vychovat; zvracet copycat crime zlodinnost inspirovanii dusting u
zletilosti broad-minded liberdlni, sn6SenlivV, filmy easily led
au-pair divka, kterd pomdhri v rodind tolerantni corny starom6dni, zastaraly easy-goin
autopsy ['c:topsi] pitva, ohledrini budget rozpodet corporal punishment t€lesnli trest (aZ piilt
mrtvoly ke zjisleni piidiny srnrti buggy (GB) ['b,rgi] skl6daci kod6rek cot (GB) postjlka pro ditd elderly (p
248 . Topic-based Vocabulary

FAMILY
couch potato v65nivli televizni div6k energetic [,ene'dSetrk] energicky howl [haul] bredet, skudet
counterculture alternativni kultura epitaph ['eprto:fl n6pis na hrobd husband and nil'e mul a iena.
cradle ['krerdl] koldbka euthanasia [,ju:0e'ner3e, 3Ie] manZeld
criche (GB) [kreJ, krerJ] jesle eutan6zie, ukondeni Zivota na Z6dost hypercritical piiliS kriti ckyf
nemocndho illegitimate child nemanZelskd ditd
crib (US) postylka pro dit6
executor, executrix vykonavatel(ka) imitation napodobenina, imitace
cry plakat, kiidet
posledni vtle, zdvdti
date sb 1US) chodit s n€kym immaturity nedospdlost, nevyspElost
expecting (infml) v jindm stavu,
)dArek dating chozeni na rande tdhotn6
immediate family nejbliZ5i rodina
dating agency seznamovaci kancel6i eye up (coli) vrhat zamilovand
impertinent nestydaty, neornaleny
day care pedovatelskd, sluZba pohledy impressionable citlivy, vnimavy
day nursery mateiskii Skola; ddtski faint omdlet, ztratit vddomi incompatibility neschopnost piizpfi-
(dte pokoj sobit se
feminism feminismus
(ecal death duties dEdick6 daii feminist femin i sta, feministka incompatible with st, sb
death notice parte Ir4kem'paetrbl] nesn6Sej ici se,
fianc6, fianc6e Ifi'o;nser] snoubenec, nekompatibilni s nddim, ndkym
deceased (fml) [dr'si:st] zesnuly snoubenka
independent nez6visly, sarnostatny
dementia Idr'menJe] demence, foster sb vychov6vat cizi ditd
indulge Irn'd.tld3] povolit, dovolit,
tni/ slabomyslnost fun-loving r6d se bavi, md r6d legraci rozmazlovat
ArA dependants vyZivovane osoby funeral pohieb infant mald ditd, nemluvnd
deplore odsuzovat funeral director majitel di zamEstna- infatuation pobl6zndni, zaslepeni
detention; in detention trestni vazba, nec pohiebniho fstavu
infidelity nevdra
odndti svobody; zristat po Skole funny legradni, divnj
inherit zdddit
dexterity Idek'stereti] obratnost, gated (GB) potrestAn dorniicirn
zrudnost vezenim
inheritance pozistalost, dddictvi
diapers (US) plenky geriatrician [,d3erie'trrJen] geriatr inquest soudni vySetiov6ni piidiny
rimrti
die from (injuries) zemiit n6sledkem grandma babidka
(zrandni) invalidity neplatnost; invalidita,
granny flal tCB) vejminek pracovni neschopnost
die of (e.g. cancer) zemiit na (napi.
grass widow slamdn6 vdova ironing Zehleni
rakovinu)
grave hrob irritable podr6ZdEnf , nedfi tkl ivli,
die of old age zemiit st6iim, seilosti
vdkem gravestone n6rhrobni kdmen popudlivj
different ways of life rtznd Zivotni greedy chtivy, nenasytny, chamtivj jealousy Zdrrlivost; z6vist
rsdh- styly grounded (US) potrest6n dom6cim joy radost, potd5eni, itdsti
diminish klesat, sl6bnout, ublvat vdzenim kid (coll) ditd
iit se,
grow up vyrrist, vyrtstat
disagree nesouhlasit kindergarten 5ko1ka, mateisk6 Skola
disobedient neposluSny, odpirajici grown-up, grown-ups dospdl!, leave st to sb odk6zat ndkomu ndco
lieni dosp6li
posluSnost
let sb down nechat na holidk6ch, ve
disposable na jedno pouZiti guardian porudnik Stychu
diversity Idar'varsrti] rozmanitost, half-brother nevlastni bratr (eden live-in nurse pedovatelka, kte16 bydli
'atulace
rozrfizndnost, rozlidnost z rodidrije spolednl;) u o5etiovand osoby
emoci,
divorce rozrod; roz\est se hang out with sb tr6vit s ndkfm lover milenec; milovnik, ctitel
hodnd dasu
divorced (man, woman) rozvedeny, major zletilj
rdu-
rozveden6 hard of hearing nedoslychavf
matchmaker dohazovad, zprostied-
divorcee Idr,vcr'si:] rozveden6 osoba hearse fhe:s] pohiebni vfiz kovatel siatkri
0
dowry ['dauri] v6no henpecked pod pantoflem maternity leave mateisk6r dovolend
rt sva- drinking age vdk. kdyje dovoleno pit hilarious veself, bujarj, bujn!, maturity dospdlost, zralost
rtykem alkohol rozpustily
mellow vyror nanj. plny porozumdni.
dummy (GB) dudlik, Siditko hire pronajmout; zamdstnat uvolndny
dt, dump sb nechat ndkoho, d6t nCkomu homemaker (US) Zena v dom6cnosti minor nezletily
kopadky, pustit nCkoho k vodd honeymoon lib6nky, svatebni cesta mistress milenka; pani
rovand dusting utir6ni prachu hoovering vys6v6ni prachu mobility pohyblivost
easily led snadno ovlivnitelny househusband muZ v domiicnosti moody n6ladovf, rozladdni, tczko-
easy-going bezstarostny; pohodovy, housewife Zena v domdcnosti myslnf
lrest (aZ piiliS) tolerantni
housework"dom6ci prdce, pr6ce morals mor6lka, mravy
elderly (people) starSi lidd v dom6cnosti nagging sekyrovdni, popichov6ni
.VOCABULARY. 249
FAMILY
nanny (GB) chfiva rebel [rr'bel] bouiit se, vzepiit se standards (morrilni) normy, standardy wedding
nanny (US) divka, kter6 pom6hd register / registry office matrika stepbrother nevlastni bratr widow v
v rodind s dCtmi stepfamily nevlastni rodina widowet
rebellion povsteni, vzpoura
nappies (GB)plenky stepfather nevlastnI otec widower
ref ations v ztahy : pif buzni
naughty ['nc:ti] zlobivy, neposlu5nf, stepmother nevlastni matka wreath
relationship vztah I
nezbedny
relative piibuznj stereotypes vZitd piedstavy o posta- yield ust
n6e [ner] rozen6, jmdno za svobodna r eni t'lovika ve spoleinosti youngstl
relaxed uvolndny
newborn bab5 nor orozen€ stroller sportovni kod6rek, golfovd dite
remarriage dalSi siatek
newlyweds novomanZeld hole youth m
researcher in... vyzkumny pracov-
nursery Skolka; ddtskf pokoj stubborn ['st,rben] tvrdohlavli youth hr
nfk, zablvajici se...
obedient posluSn! jit suckling ['s.r.kl4 ] kojenec
retire do dfrchodu
obituary nekrolog superannuation scheme
retired people dichodci
occur [a'ke:] vyskytovat se [,su:pe,cnju'erJan] systdm penzij-
retirement odchod do dfichodu; niho piipojiStEni
old folks'home domov dirchodcfr dfrchod
superstition povCra
old maid star6 panna rheumatism ['ru:mctrzem] revmatis-
mus, fevma
sympathetic soucitni
old people's home domov dfichodcfr
take sb out to (dinner) pozvat nd-
one-parent family neriplnd rodina rise in st rrist, zvySeni (nddeho)
koho na (vedeii)
open-minded nezaujaty, objektivni role role, riloha
talented nadani
option moZnost routine prar idelnd. opakovand
talk back odmlouvat
dinnost
orphan ['c:fen] sirotek
talkative hovornf, iednj
orphanage ['crf'enrd3] sirotdinec rude hmbf, drsnj
rut zabdhlj' zptsob Zivota tastes zdjmy a z|liby
outdoor (konanli) venklr, v piirodd, tax deductions odpodty z dani
Pod Sirlirn nebem sarcastic sarkastickj
teddy bear ply5ov! medvidek
outgoing spoledensk!, otevieni scold vyhubovat
teenager dospivajici, ditd v pubertd
outline osnova; synopse, ndstin scream kiidet
tell off vyhubovat
pacifier (US) dudlik, Siditko selfish sobecky
terminate the pregnancy ukondit
pamper hydkat, roznazlov at senile senilni
tdhotenstvi
partner partner(ka), manZel(ka) senile dementia ['si:narl dr'menJe]
senilni demence
termination / abortion umdld pieru-
passed away (euph) zesnul(a) Seni tehotenstvi
passed on (euph) zesnul(a) separation odloudeni, rozluka
test-tube baby ditd ze zkumavky
pension penze, dtchod (penize) sharp-tongued jizliv!. kousavy
thoughtf ul ohleduplnli
personal ads (US) inzer|ty na sezn6- shoplifting kr6de2 v obchodd
toddler batole
meni. seznamka shotgun wedding siratek. proto2e
tolerant tolerantni
nevdsta je tdhotn6
playpen d€tsk6 ohr6dka
tombstone ['turm,steon] n6hrobni
polite zdvoiilf show offvytahovat se; vejtaha, ten,
kdmen
kdo se vytahuje
poor family chudii, nenrajetn6 rodina toy chest skiiika na hradky
sibling (tech) sourozenec
position Lrmistit trousseau ['tru;seu] vybava nevdsty
single mother svobodn6 matka
post mortem ohled6ni mrtvoly, pitva TV r iolence rrdsili v teler izi
single parent samoZivitel(ka)
potty noanik twins dvojdata
single-parent family neipln6 rodina
pram (perambulator) kodiirek pro ditd undertaker zamEstnanec pohiebniho
slacking flrikajici se
praise chvdlit Istavu
slap plesknout
pregnant t6hotn6 unfaithful nev6rny
sleep around jit, vyspat se s kaZdim
preparations piipravy unfaithfulness nevEra
smart (US) drzy
propose to sb poZ6dat ndkoho o ruku upbringing vychova
sociable spoledenskli
protection ochrana proti podeti value hodnota
soothe Isurd] konejSit
punish potrestat venereal diseases
spank napl6cat zi:zrz] pohlavni
pushchair (GB) sportovni koddrek, [ve'nreriel dt'
spinster star6 panna nemoci
goltbvd hole
quarrel hddat split up rozejit se violent Ivarelent] brut6lni, nSsilnli
se, hddka
spoil kazit, r ozrnazlov at visiting rights prdvo navStdvovat ditd
quiet tich!', klidnj, zticha, ticho
po rozvodu
raise vychovat, vychovdvat spot najit, zpozorovat
spouse chot'
vote volit; volebni hlas
rattle chrastitko
walk out on sb rozejit se s ndkim

HOME
lndardy wedding svatba, svatebni HOME chest of drawers skiiika se zasuv-

widow vdova kami, komoda, prridelnik
accessory doplndk
widowed ovdovdlli, ovdovdl6 chimney komin
alarm-clock budik
widower vdovec chisel ['t.frzel] dl6to
Allen key ['elen] imbusovf klid
wreath [ri:0] vdnec cistern ['srsten] splachor aci nddrT:
allotment (GB) parcela, pozemek
nhdrina vodu (napi. na stie5e)
)osta- yield ustoupit pronaj atli zahr |dkhii mistnim
fiadem clearance kolaudace
youngster mladik, chlapec, ml6denec,
ditc alter ['c:lte] zrndnit, piestavdt clock hodiny
fovd
youth ml6di; mladik apartment (US) byt cloth [klo0] 16tka; utdrka; hadr
youlh home domoi mlddeZe apparently odividnd, ziejmd coffee table konferendni stolek
attic ['aetik] podkrovi comb fkeum] hieben; desat se
al I raclive (fl af. offer) piijemnli. comfortable pohodlnj

renzij- l6kavf, atraktivni (byt, nabidka) concrete beton, betonovy
axe sekyra, zednickd kladivko, 5pid6k condo (coll US), condominium (US)
(na hrubd opracovdni kamene) l,konde'mrniem] byt v osobnim
bannister, banister zt$radli (u scho- vlastnictvi v druZstevnim domd
OISIC,) conservatory iCB,) zirrrni zahrada.
barren ['bieren] nefrodny, pustli zaskleny balkon
basement suterdn cooker vaiid, sporiik
bath vana, koupel cosy ['keuzr] irtulnli'
bathroom koupelna, zdchod, toaleta cottage domek, chalupa
bathtub ['bor0t,rb] vana couch [kautJ] pohovka, gaud
beam tr6m, kl6da, nosnik cramped [kre mptl slesnany. pie-
cpany
beams and rafters krovy
cupboard (GB) lk.tbed] skiin(ka),
bertd bedlinen ['bed,hnrn] loZni p6d1o,
kredenc
povleieni
curtain ziclona, z6vds; opona
:tctt bedroom loZnice
damp vlhk!; vlhko
bedsit, bedsitter garsonka; obyvaci
loZnice decorate malovat, tapetovat, zdobit
pieru-
bidet ['bi;det] bidet detached house samostatnd stojici
drim
ky blender mixdr
dilapidated [dr'lapldertrd I zchdr-
blind roleta, Zaluzie
raly, na spadnuti, ch6trajici
trloom (flowers) kvdst. rozkv6st
(kvdtiny) dingy ['drndSi] Spinavli a tmavy,
oium€lj
rbni bog (slang) z6chod
dish rack odkap6vad na n6dobi
bookcase knihovna (kus n6bytku)
dishcloth utdrka na nddobi
brace spona, svorka; truhl6iskj
dishwasher mydka n6dobi (stroj)
:vdsty kolovr6tek
distemper (tech) malovat (zejmena
bread bin nAdoba na uloZeni chleba
klihovou barvou)
breezeblock SkvSrobetonov6 tvdrnice
doorhandle klika
ebniho brick cihla
doorknob ['dc:nob] kulovit6 klika
bricklayer zednik
doormat rohoZka (u dveii)
broiler (US) gril (ve vliSi odi)
doorstep prfh, zipraLi
broom ko5td
dorm (coll US, domitory) studentskd
bucket kbelik, vddro koleje; ubytovna
bulldozer buldozer dowel fdauel] hmoZdinka; Spalik; dep
bungalow ['b,tqgeleu] piizemni drive (GB), driveway (US) piijez-
nl dfirn, bungalov dov6 cesta, vjezd do gar62e
callipers ['keelrpez] posuvnd mdiitko duplex (US) lduplexl dvoupodlaZni
silnf cellar sklep byt; dvojdomek
vat ditd duster prachovka
cement Isr'ment] cement
chandelier [,Jrnde'1rer] lustr duvet (GB) ['du:ver] pro5ivan6
petor d piikrjvka. peiina
chateau ['Jateu] z6mek, zdmedek
vm
.VOCABULARY. 251
HOME
eiderdown (GB)['atdedaun] pra- hatchet ['hetJrt] sekyrka maintain udrZovat restro0n

chovd proSivan6 piikryivka haunted ['hc;ntrd] kde stra5i, stra5i- mantelpiece iimsa nad krbem rewire d
electrician elektrikAi, elektroinstalater deln! mat podloZka, piedloZka roller (p
eleganl ['cl rgcntl elegantni headboard delo postele mattress matrace ski)
estimate uddlat odhad hedge Zivli plot mend spravit, opravit roof'er pr
excavator rypadlo, bagr hideous ['hrdies] ohyzdnf, oSklivl;', mess nepoiddek, Spina roomy p
excited vzruSenf, rozdilenli, nedodkavy piiSernj row (US
messy neuklizenf
exquisite Irk'skwrzrt] piekr6snyi, high-rise (building) vfSkovd budova iadov!
mixer Slehad
neobydejnli, vynikaj ici hinge pant rug menr
mop mop; setfit, utfit
faucet (US) ['fc:srt] kohoutek (vo- hoe motyka, motydka saw pila
dovodu)
mortar malta
hose(pipe) hadice scaffoldi
mortgage ['mcrgrdg] hypot6ka; zati-
feeder krmitko hostel Irhostel] ml6deZnickri uby- scales vd
Zit hypotdkou, zastavit
fence plot tovna screw
mug hmek, kelimek Sr(
l'ertile ['fa:tarl] urodn!, plodnli, Zivnyi hotbed paieniStd; serneniStd (napi. secluded
zlodinnosti) multimeter voltmetr a ohmmetr
file pilnik; pilovat seedling
hothouse sklenik
nails hiebiky; nehty
fireguard miiZ pied krbem settee [st
housing estate sidliSte ottoman (US) taburet
fireplace krb shabby c
hovel [hovsl] chatrd (Spinavd) oven ['.tven] pec; kamna, trouba
fix spravit, opravit shears zi
igloo iglir overflow pieteci
fix up drit do poi6dku. opravit. spravit shed kth
insulation [,rnsju'lerJen] izolace paintbrush Stdtec
fl agstone zahradni chodnikov6 shelf poli
john (the) (coll) z6chod painting malba, obraz; malov6ni
dlaZdice
paintroller maliiskj v6ledek shelves p
flannel (GB) Zinka joiner truhl6i
pantry spiZirna, komora shingle 5
flat (GB) byt joints spoje (dievdnd)
path cesta; vy5lapan6 p€Sina; chodnik shovel ['.j
flatlet byt 1+1, mal6 garsonidra kettle konvice; kotlik, kotel
patio ['patieu] vydl6Zd€ny dvorek, shower s
floor lamp (US) stojaci lampa keyhole klidovri dirka
vnitini dvrir shutter o
flowerbed kvdtinovli z6hon keys klide chodd)
peephole kuk6tko ve dveiich
flush spl6chnout knock down zbourat (napi. starj' sickle ['s
pelmet (GB) gamli2
lbotstool podnoZka drim)
piano pi6no, klavir sideboar,
foundations zitklady knocker klepadlo
pincers Stipaci kle5td sieve sito
four-poster bed postel s nebesy ladle Ierdl] nabdradka, sb€radka
plank fbina sink diez
French doors / windows zasklene landlady bytnri, pani dom6ci; hos-
tinsk6 plant rostlina; pokojov6 kv€tina skylight'
dveie na terasu, balkon nebo
zahradu larder spiZima plant st zasdzet ndco slate biid
lbyer ['fcler] foyer, vstupni hala lav (coll), lavatory z6chod plasterer Stukatdr, omitk6i slip on vl
obuvi)
fretsaw rejdovadka (pila) lawn (mower) ['lc:n ,meue ] trilvnik, pleasant piijemnf
(sekadka na trdvu) sloping 5
fridge lednidka plumber ['pl,rme] instalater; klempii
leaky ddravj soap mlic
lurnish zaiidit, vybavit n6bytkem poky tesny. rnalj'. ubohli. chatrny
library knihovna (mistnost) socket zd
garret ['gertt] skrovnd podkrovi, porch veranda, krytf vchod
mansarda (zvl. pro chude umdlce) lightning conductor (GB), lightning sofa pohc
pouf(fe) (GB) [pu:1] tabLrret
gazebo [gc'zi:beu] besidka, alt6n rod (US) hromosvod sofa-bed
prick out (GB) piepichovat, piesazo-
s vlihledem lintel ['Lntel] pieklad (nad oknem, vat sazenidky soot [sut
girder ['gerde] nosnli tr6m nad dvehri) spacious
pull down provdst dernolici
glazier sklendi live alone Zit sdm spade ryi
rafters krokve
gravel ['grevel] Stdrk loan ptjdka spanner
railing z6bradli I
greenhouse sklenik locksmith z6mednik sponge h,

ramshackle zanedbany, seSly, zch6r
gutter okap, ryna; stoka, odtokove loft pfrda ralli, na spadnuti spotless i
koryto log poleno rebuild znovu postavit, pfestavdt squat nel
halls of residence (GB) studentskd log cabin srub redecorate vymalovat (znovu) (bvt); b
koleje loo (coll) z6chod squeeze 2
refrigerator lednidka
handbasin rnal6 umyvadlo lumber (US) stavebni diivi, iezivo se; vym
relieved uklidndnli, s tlevou
handrail zdbradli; madlo luxurious [1,rg'Sueries] piepychovy staircase.
rent dinZe. ndjem(nd); diit nebo vzit
handy (US) Sikovnj magnificent skvostny, skvdlj, vel- do n6jmu standard
handyman irdrZbrii (manu6in6 zrudny kolepli rent oul pronajimal. pronajmout (step)-lac
dlovdk)

FOOD
restroom (US) z6chod stone k6Lmen FOOD

rewire d6t novd elektrickd vedeni stool Zidle, stolidka bez opdradla almond(s) ['o:mend (GB)'aelmend
roller (paint roller) v6ledek (malii- storeroom skladiStE, skladovaci pro- (US)lmandle
ski) stor; komora anise ['renrs] anyz (rostlina, koieni)
roofer pokrfvad stove kamna; spor6k aniseed ['renrsird] anyz (koieni)
roomy prostomy strainer sitko, sito anorexia nervosa
row (US) / terraced (GB) house study pracovna [,ene'reksie ns:'veuse] anorexie
iadovli drim (chorobnd nechutenstvi)
suilch vypinai: piepinad: spinad
rug menSi koberec, piedloZka appearance Ie'prerans] vzhled
tap (GB) kohoutek; vnitfni z6vit
saw pila (nristroj) appetiser piedkrm, chut'ovka
tea-towel utdrka
scaffolding ['skafeldrl I leieni apple jablko
tear down provest demolicr
scales v6ha, v6hy apricot I'eiprrkot, 'aprrkot] me-
teepee, tepee vigvam, indi6nskj' stan,
typi
ruika
screw Sroub
asparagus Ia'sprereges] chiest
jtr secluded odlehlli, izolovanf tenant n6jemnik
aubergine ['eubegirn] lilek, baklaZdn
seedling sazenidka thin out protrh6vat, jednotit
baby leeks mladli' p6rek
settee Ise'tir] pohovka, gaud, sofa threshold [' OreJheuld] pr6h
bacon slanina
ba shabby oSuntdlf, rozbitj tidy uklizenj, upraveny
bake pdci
shears zahradnickd nfiZky tile dlaZdice; kachlidka; ta5ka
banana ban6n
shed kilna tiler dlaZdid; pokrjvad; obkladad
barbecue opdkat na roZni, najehle
lnl shelf police, polidka timber (GB) stavebni diivi, iezivo
nebo na oteviendm ohni
shelves police, regdly toaster toustovad
barmaid barmanka, diSnice
shingle Sindel: stieSni krytina toilet z6chod, toaleta
barman (GB), bartender (US) bar-
:hodnik shovel ['J.r.vel] lopata tools n6iadi man, diSnik
,orek. shower sprcha toothbrush kart6dek na diStdni zubri basil ['baezel, 'berzel] baza\ka
shutter okenice; kovovd roleta (v ob- toothmug kelimek na di5t6ni zubfi beans fazole
chodd) toothpaste zubni pasta beansprouts naklldend fazole; fazo-
sickle ['srkl] srp towel ['tauel] rudnik lovd vyhonky
sideboard (GB) piibomik trailer (US) obytnf piiv6s beat the eggs Slehat vejce
sieve sito, sitko transplant (US) piepichovat, rozsa- beef hovdzi, hovdzi maso
sink diez, vylevka zovat sazenidky beer and ale pivo a anglickd pivo
skylight vikji, stieSni okno tub vana (nadkvasnd svrchni)
slate biidlice; stfe5ni ta5ka utilities sluZby beer mug pfillitr (pivni)
slip on vklouznout do (obledeni, valance (US) ['vaelensl gamyL, biscuits (GB) su5enky
obuvi) kr6tk6 z6clonka nad okny bitter hoikj, trpkf ; hoike pivo
sloping Siknry. sr aZujici sc wallpaper tapeta; tapetovat bitters hoik6 piva
clempii
soap myidlo wardrobe skiii (Satni); garderoba blackcock tetiivek
my
socket zi{suvka washbasin umyvadlo blend michat, misit, mixovat
sofa pohovka weed plevel; plit boil vaiit
sofa-bed pohovka well-kept dobie udr2ovanj bottle zavaiovat
iesazo-
soot Isut] saze wheelbarrow koledko, trakai bouillon I bujorl] buj6n, hovdzi
spacious prostomy, velkli' whitewash lidit vdpnem, bilit vyvar
spade r!d; spades piky windowsill okenni parapet, iimsa bowl fbeui] misa, miska; 56lek
spanner (GB) klid wipe one's shoes otiit, odistit si boty breadcrumbs strouhanka
zchAt- sponge houba workshop dilna broccoli brokolice
spotless disfounk!, bez poskvrnky wrench (US) maticovj klid, has6k, broiler (GB) brojler, mladd kuie; gril
vdt squat neleg6lnE zabrany pr6zdnj drim francouzsky klid broth vyvar (silnj, zejm. masovy)
)
(byt); bydlet ve squatu brown ale tmavd pivo
squeeze zm6dknout, vymadkat; vecpat brownies (US) dokol6dovd pedivo
se; vym6mit, vyZdimat (penize) s oiechy
staircase-landing odpodivadlo Brussels sprout rriZidkov6 kapusta
o vzit
standard lamp (GB) stojaci lampa brunch pozdni snidand spojen6
)ut (step)Jadder Zebiik s obEdem
.VOCABULARY. 253
FOOD
bulimia fbu,lrmie -'1irmi-] bulimie cook vaiit, pdci; kuchai fork vidlidka; vidle malt [mr
(chorobn6 chut' k jidlu) cooking vaieni; kuchynd franchise ['frantJarz] uddlit povo- marinate
bun sladk6 Zemle (nEkdy s rozinkami) cornfl our kukuiidn6 mouka leni, licenci
marmala
butter m6slo cottage cheese tvaroh, tvarohovy syr fry smaZit, opdkat z cltrus
cabbage zeli courgette (GB) fkcr'get, kue'get] game zvdiina mashed;
caffeine ['krefi:n] kof'ein cuketa garlic desnek bory; br
calf, calves tele courtship dvoieni se, ndLmluvy gef atine [' dSeletirn] Lelatina meat-eat
cake kol6d; dort crackers (US) suSenky goose husa medium

gooseberries angreSt deni; (o
canap6s ['krneperz] chut'ovky, cream smetana; krdmov6 poldvka
jednohubky gourmand I gcr'mo:d] ve1kli jediik; microwa
crisps (GB) bramborovd lupinky
gurmdn troubd
candlelighl osr etleni sr ickami cruet (GB) ['krurrt] karafa
gourmet [' gcrmer] gurm6n, labuZnik milk jug
candy floss (GB) cukrov6 vata crumbles drt, drobky
grains obilniny milkshak
capercaillie [,keepe'keilj i] tetiev crumpet (GB) placka (z bildho
velkf ji grapefruit grapefruit mince (n
chlebovdho tdsta s dirkami, se
mlit (zr,
capon ['keipen] kapoun s m6slem) gratuity Igre'tju;etr] spropitne
mix mich
cappuccino [,krepu'tJi:neu] kapudino crush rozmadkat, rozdnit gravy 5t'6va z masa
mixers nr
caraway kmin cucumtrer okurka (sal6tov6) grill grilovat; gril, ro5t pravE n
carnivore masoZravec cuisine fkwr'zi:n] kuchynd (zprisob groats [greuts] kroupy, k*pky; IOnlc)
vaieni) krupice
carrot mrkev muffin sl
cumin ['kju:mrn,'k,tmrn] iimskli' grounds k6vov6 sedlina
carryout (US) restaurace s prodejem mug hme
jidla pies ulici kmin, Sabrej
haggis skotskd jidlo (mletd skopovd mushroo
currants rybiz nebo teleci vnitinosti s ovesnou
casserole ['kesereul] kastrol, mustard
rendlik; jidlo vaiene nebo pod6vand curry powder kari moukou vaiend ve skopovdm
v rendliku Zaludku) mutton s.
custard tekutli pudinkovy krdm (ako
cassia ['kaesie] hrub6, nekvalitni 5od6) ham Sunka muzak [';
skoiice hudba (
cutlery piibory hors d'oeuvre [,c:'ds:v] piedkrm
stauraci
catfish sumec decaf iinfml) kdr a bez koleinu horseradish kien
nachos ['
caulifl ower ['kolr,fl aue] kvdtrik desirable Idr'zarorebl] vhodnf , inaccessible [,rnek'sesrbl] nedo- cidky
caviar ['krevior] kavi6r potiebnf, 26douci stupny
napkins r
celeriac celer (bulva) dessert Idr'ze:t] z6kusek, moudnik inn zdjezdni hostinec; hospoda
nectarine
celery celer (iapiky) dice nakr6jet na kostky jam (GB), jelly (US) dlem, zavaie-
noodles n
dill kopr nina (ne z citrusovjch plodfi)
cereal ['sreriel] obilnina, potravina nourishn
z obilovin dip namodit, ponoiit
jello (US), jelly (GB) 2e16, rosol
juniper ['dSurnrpe] jalovec nutmeg n
champagne f.fam'pern] Sampaiskd, dish misa, n6doba; jidlo
sekt kidneys ledvinky nutrition
dissolve Idr'zolv] rozpustit
cheddar ['tJede] dedar (syr) knifeo knives ['nari-] nfiZ
offal ['of:
dough [deu] kynutd tdsto
chef [Jef] Sefkuchai, vrchni kuchai kohlrabi l,keul'rarbi] kedlubna onion cib
doughnut kobliha
cherry tieSei lager ['lo:ge] leZ5k, pivo open san(
duck kachna, kadena ien ri nh
chicken noodle soup kuieci poldvka dumplings knedliky lamb l'laml jehnd: jehneci
s nudlemi orange p(
Edam ['i:drem] eidam (eidamsky s1;r) landlord (GB) hostinskyi; dom6ci
chillies dili (koieni ) oregano (
eel [rhoi latte (US) I'lo:teil k6va s horkfm
chips (GB) hranolky, pommes frites mldkem oust Iaus'
eggplant lilek, baklaZ6n vypudit
chocolate dokol6da lean libovj
expresso espreso (k6va) oven [,rv(
chop sekat; kotleta leek p6rek
extras (GB) piilohy overcookr
chunks kusy, kousky lemon citr6n
fattening zptsobuj ici tloustnuti pancakes
cider (GB) ['sarde] n6poj vyrobeny lemonade limon6da
z jablek (mirnd alkoholickj) feast on st pochutn6vat si na nddem paprika p
lentils dodka
cinnamon skoiice figs fiky parsnip p
lettuce hliivkovli sal6t
clove hiebidek; strouZek fillet pletek, iizek party vee
liqueur Ih'kjue] likdr
(club) soda (US) soda fish ryba, ryby peach bro
liquor (US) ['hke] destil6t
coconut kokos flavouring koieni, esence, ar6ma, peanuts b
piichut' liver balls j6trovd knedlidky
peas hr65t
coffee k6va luncheonmeat nfiez, na pldtky nakr6-
foody milovnik jidla, labuZnik peel loupa
contaminate nakazit, zneiistit jend maso nebo uzenina
pepper pa

FOOD
malt [molt] slad; karamelovj ndpoj pheasant Ifezent] baZant saucer podS6lek
marinate marinovat pickle naklddat (zeleninu) sauerkraut kyseli zeli
marmalade zavaienina (obvykle pie kol6d s n6plni uvniti; piroh saut6 ['souter] rychle opdci, osmaiit
z citrusovdho ovoce) pineapple ananas savour vychutnat, pochutnat si;
mashed potatoes st'ouchand bram- pinch of salt Spetka soli okoienit
bory; bramborov6 ka5e savoury pikantni, ostrd chuti; chutnj
pint [parnt] pinta (asi pril litru)
meat-eater ten, kdo ji maso scone (GB) [skon, skeun] boch6nek
plum Svestka
medium ['mi:diem] stiednd prope- di buchta
denf (o bifteku) poach hodit do vrouci vody a kr6tce
povailt scramble michat, zamichat
:dlik; microwave piipravit v mikrovlnnd seafood moiskd ryby, moi5ti korj'Si
troub6
poisoning otrava (napi. jidlem)
nebo mdkkjSi
milk jug konvidka na mldko pop ochuceni nealkoholickli n6poj
buZnik seasonings koieni
s bublinkami
milkshake (GB) mldinf koktejl shake (US) mlddn5i koktejl
pop out odskodit si ven (do restau-
mince (meat) [mrns] mletd maso; race, obchodu apod.) sheep ovce
mlit (zvl. hovdzi)
pork vepiove short (GB), shot (US), tot sklenidka,
mix michat, namichat pan6k (alkoholickeho ndpoj e)
potatoes brambory
mixers nealkoholickd n6poje (k pii- simmer povaiit na mirndm ohni
pravd michanych n6poji, napi. poultry drfibeZ
preservatives konzervadni prostiedky
sirloin ['sarlcrn] svidkov5
{; tonic)
price cena skimmed milk odtudndnd, odstied6nd
muffin sladkj kol6dek
mldko
mug hmek, dZb6nek pub hospoda
slice kr6jet na pl6tky; pl6tek
pove mushroom houba pudding (GB) [ pudr4] moudnik;
ou snack male obderstr eni; sr aiina
mustard ['m.tsted] hoidice n6kyp
soda (pop) (US) limon6da
mutton skopovd maso pulses [p.r.lsiz] lu5tdniny
soda (water) (GB) ['saode] soda
muzak ['mju:zrek] reprodukovanii pure [pjue] dist!
purde ['pjuerer] rozmadkat na pyrd spirits lihoviny
hudba fiako kulisa v obchodd a re-
stauracl) quality kvalita spirits (GB) destil6ty
nachos ['naetJeuz] kukuiidnd pla- spoon lZice
to-
quarter nakrdjet na dtvrtky, rozdtvrtit
cidky squash nipoj z rozmadkandho ovoce
quinine ['kwrni:n] chinin
napkins ubrousky (zejm. citr6nri, obvykle se iedi
rabbit kr6lik vodou)
nectarine nektarinka
radishes iedkvidky starter piedkrm
'raie- noodles nudle
raisins rozinky steam vaiit v p6ie; p6ra
rl nourishment ['n,rrrJment] vfZiva
rare kwavy (o bifteku) stew dusit; duSend maso
nutmeg mu5k6tovy oiiSek
raspberries maliny stewed fruit ovocny kompot
nutritional vylivny
recipe(for) ['resepi] recept (na) stir michat
offal ['ofel] vnitinosti
refectory j idelna slir-fries dinskd jidla piipravovana
onion cibule
rhubarb ['ru:bo;b] rebarbora na p6nvi
open sandwich ['srrn(d)wrtJ] oblo-
risotto [rrrzoteu] rizoto stock cube kostka buj6nu
Zenf chlebidek
roast pdci (maso) strawberries jahody
orange pomerane
lCr rosemary"rozmaryln sugar bowl cukienka
oregano dobromysl
lim rump kfta sundae ['s,tnder] zmrzlinovy pohSr
oust laust] vy4ladit, vystmadit,
s ovocem
vypudit salami saliim
salmon ['s;rmon] losos surroundings prostiedi
oven [.r.v(e)n] trouba; pec
salt Iscrlt] sil sweetcorn sladka kukuiice
overcooked r ozv ai eny, pievaienf
sanctions poslihy. sankce. protiopat- tablecloth ubrus
pancakes paladinky
ieni tangerine mandarinka
paprika paprika (koieni)
sandwiches obloZend chleby, send- tart (GB) ovocny ko5idek
parsnip pastii6k
vide taste chut', piichut'; ochutnat; vkus
party vedirek
sardines sardinky teapot dajov6 konvice
peach broskev
satsuma druh mandarinky tearoom dajovna
peanuts burskd oiiSky
sauce omildka teaspoon krivovri lZidka
peas h165ek
'nak6- saucepan hlubok6 p6nev, rendlik, teetotaller, teetotaler (US)
peel loupat, oloupat kastrol
[,ti:'teutele] abstinent
pepper paprika (zelenina)
.VOCABULARY. 255
SHOPS
tender jemnf, mdkkf (o mase) SHOPS consumer spotrebitel inexpen

thicken zahustit ad, advert (infml) inzerdt crate piepravka, bedna inferior
tip spropitnd advertise inzerovat curlers nat6dky instalmt
toast piipit; piipitek advertising inzerce, reklama customer zAkaznik drist, dil.
toffees ['tofiz] karamely affordable Ie'lcldebl] dostupny, za cut-price za sniZenou cenu, zlevndnj INVEN:
tomatoes rajdata sluinou cenu deli lahridkriistvi ironmol
tough [t,tf] tuhj (o mase) allspice novd koieni; jamajskyi pepi delicatessen lahfidkdistvi (US tdz Zelezdi
trifle (GB) zdkusek (piSkot mridenj ve antiques, antique shop /dealer's tepl6 jidla) irresistil
vind, s ovocem, 5od6 a Slehadkou) staroZitnictvi demand popt6vka; poladovat, dola- jar zavai
tripe dr5t'ky dovat se jeweller
attendant obsluha
trout [traut] pstruh discount sleva; sniZit cenu lacquer
auction ['c;kJen] aukce, draZba
turkey krocan dress a shop window uddlat vylohu, Iaund(e)
baker's pekaistvi, pekiima
upravit vjlohu
Turkish tureckj' bakery pekaistvi, pekdrna [,lc:n'c
drugstore (US) ldk6ma a drogerie leaflet le
tut [t^t] ts (zvuk vyjadiujici netrpEli- banknote (GB) bankovka
vost, rozhoideni) dye nabarvit line up (
bargain ['bo:grn I dobrri koupd.
TV dinner polotovar pro rychlou exhibit vistava; exponiit; vystavovat line (US)
vjhodn6 koupd
vedeii expensive drahy. ndkladny loaf, loar
be in / out of stock b5it / neblit na
undercooked nedovaieny skladE extravagant marnotratny; piedraZeny locker (L
vanilla vanilka beware ofd6t si pozor na, mit se na faulty goods ['fc;lti] vadne zboLi pronaJr
veal teleci (maso) pozoru pied shmonger's (GB ) ['fiJ,m,t11 gez]
fi
mnoZst
vegan ['vi:gan] vegan (vegetari6n, bill (US) bankovka prodejna ryb, ryb6ma manicur,
ktery; neji ani vejce a ml6dnd vii- billboard (US) velkd reklanrni tabule, florist('s) kvdtin6istvi market t.
robky) plakritovaci plocha flower-stand stanek s kretinami market s
vegetables zelenina billfold (US) ndprsni taSka; pendZenka fly-poster plak6t nebo let6k vlwd- marketp
vegetarian vegetari6n bookshop (GB), bookstore (US) Sen! bez povoleni (YyrazpochLzi milk-sho
venison ['venrsan] maso lysokd knihkupectvf z vazby,,to do st on the fly", tj.
nelegdlnd.)
milkman
zvdie, zvdiina bottled lahvovd, v lahvi
flyer prospekt, reklamni let6k milkroun
vinegar ocet (vinny) braid (US) [brerd] cop mldka
vintage wine ['vrntrd3] archivni vino folder sloZka
brand-new zbrusu novy, irplnd novli miller ['n
waitress diSnice furniture n6bytek
butcher('s) ['butJe(z)] feznik, moderate
warrior v6lednik ieznictvi garage ['gero:3,'grerrd3, ge'ro:g]
autoopravna; gar6Z
nail polis
watermelon vodni melourr can (US) plechovka, konzerva
giftshop diirky, suvenyry (obchod) napkin u
well-done propedenf (o bifteku) cart (US) ndkupni vozik newsager
glassware obchod se sklem
whip Slehat carton krabice; lepenka, karton note (CB
greengrocer's obchod se zeleninou
whiskey (US & Irish), whisky (GB) cash desk pokladna notion's
a ovocem (
whisky cashier pokladni
grocer's obchod s potravinami, smi- ofI:-licenc
wholefood (GB) zdrav6 vliZiva (po- chain storejedna prodejna obchod- proddva
Send zboZi, kolonidl
traviny v piirodnim stavu) niho ietdzce; fili6lka
guaranteed Igreren'tild] se zdrukou optician'r
(wild) boar divod6k, divokll kanec cheap levny, lacinf
haberdasher's Ihabe'deJez] galan- packet, p
wine vino (n6poj) checkout (counter) pokladna terie (GB); p6nskd oddvy (US) payment
winebar vin6ma (v supennarketu)
hair spray lak na vlasy perfume
wintergreen libavka poloZen6 (olej chemist('s) ['kem rsts] drogerie.
hairclip sponka do vlasri, pinetka perm(ant
z tdto rostliny) ldkdrna
hairdo [des pharmac,
yoghurt ['joget] jogurt chignon I Ji:njc:] uzel vlasri v tyle,
drdol hairdresser kadeinik pickpock
zucchini (US) [zu'ki:ni] cuketa
china shop obchod s porceliinem hairdryer vysouied vlasri, fdn pipe dlm
close down zru5it obchod hairpin sponka do vlasri plait (GB
clothes [kleu6z] obledeni, Saty handout prospekt, reklamni let6k poster plz
cobbler Svec, oprav6i obuvr hardware (US) Zelezriistvi pricelist c
come across st ndrhodou na ndco healthfood shop zdrav6 vj'Ziva purchase

narazit (obchod)
quality gr
commercial reklama (v r6diu nebo highlights melir
queue (C
v televizi) hoarding (GB) ['hc:dr4] reklamni ta-
queue up
confectioner's cukr6rna bule (napi. na sportovnim stadionu)
fronty n

SHOPS
inexpensive levn!', nijak drahyi' reasonable rozumny. sluSny. piija- supplies dod6vky; zrisoby
inferior goods podiadnd zbo2i teln! supply dodat, dodiivat, z6sobovat;
instalment, installment (US) spl6tka, receipt Irr'si:t] stvrzenka, listek, nabidka
paragon
crist, dil, pokradov6ni sweetshop cukrdrna
record shop / music shop obchod tablecloth ['teibl,klD0] ubrus!
)vndni INVENTORY (US) INVENTU RA gramodeskami / hudebnimi nosidi
s
ironmonger's (GB) ['aran,m,tqgez] take in sb podv6st, napdlit ndkoho
reduce a price sniZit cenu
rcz
2elezdistvi take st back vzit ndco zpdt
reduction sleva
irresistible neodolatelny thrifty Setm1i
jar zavaiovaci sklenice, niidoba relund Irr'fnnd] vrdtit penize:
doLa- throw away zahodit, vyhodit
['rr:f,tnd] vr6ceni pendz, n6hrada
jeweller's klenotnictvi tightwad (US) ['tartwod] skrblik,
retail price maloobchodni cena
lacquer ['1ake] lak na vlasy drZgreSle
rip sb off (coll) natdhnout, okr6st
flohu, laund(e)rette / laundromat (US) n6koho till piirudni pokladna; z6suvka na
[,lc:n'dret] samoobsluZn6 pr6delna penize v pokladnd
rollers natiidky
:rie leaflet let6k, prospekt tin (GB) konzerva
run out of st vyderpat zdsobu nddeho,
line up (US) postar it se do fronry dojit tint one's hair uddlat si pieliv
tvovat line (US) fronta tobacconist's tabiik
sale prodej, vjprodej
loaf, loaves bochnik sales gimmicks toyshop hradkiiistvi
['grmrks] reklamni
.raLeny locker (US) mrazi,ci. box, ktery si lze obchodni triky trolley (GB) ['troli] n6kupni vozik;
oZi pronajrnout ke skladov6ni vdtSiho salesman (US) prodavad; obchodni servirovaci stolek; vozik
azl mnoZstvi potravirr cestujici used goods pouLite zboLi
manicure ['mzenrkj ue] manik[rra saleswoman (US) prodavadka; ob- VAT (value added tax) DPH (dan
market trh chodni cestujici z piidand, hodnoty)
ri market stall prodejni st6nek na trhu sandwich sendvid, chlebidek wallet (GB) ['wolrt] ndprsni taSka,
seconds kazove zboLi, zboZi druhe pdnskii pendZenka
ve- marketplace trZiStd
:hAzi jakosti warranty ['worenti] z6ruka
milk-shop mldk6ma
ri shampoo [Jrm'pu:] umyt vlasy; wholefood ['hool, fu:d] bioporraviny
milkman mldkai
Sampon wholesale price velkoobchodni cena
milkround trasa denni rozndSky
shoemaker obuvnik, Svec wholesaler velkoobchodnik
mldka
shoeshop obchod s obuvi wig paruka
mitler ['mrla] mlyn6i
shop for st nakupovat. shdndt ndco wrapper ['rrepe] obal
moderate ['moderet] mim1i, umimdny
1'-1
r..) shop (CB) obchod
i
nail polish lak na nehty
shop-soiled zboLi zalpindn6 v obchodd
napkin ubrousek
od)
shopkeeper majitel obchodu, ob-
nelvsagent's obchod s novinami
chodnik
note (GB) bankovka
tnou shoplifter zloddj, kteqi krade v obchodd
notion's (US) galanterie
shopper zAkaznik v obchodd
smi- off-licence (GB) obchod s povolenirn
prod6vat lihoviny pies ulici
shopwindow vjklad
short-change oSidit pfi vraceni
'ukou optician's optika, obchod s brllenii
drobnlich
3alan-
packet, pack balidek. krabidka, sridek
shrink-wrapped zabaleno do
) payment platba ochrannd folie
perfume parfdm sold out vyproddno
(a perm(anent waves) trva16 (ondulace) sponsorship sponzorov6ni, finandni
pharmacy (US) tdkdma podpora
pickpocket kapesni zloddj, kapsdi sports goods spoftovni zboLi
pipe dlmka stationer's papirnictvi
plait (GB) fplat] cop, vrkod stay open bjt otevienf
poster plak6t steak Isterk] biftek, i(zek
pricelist cenik STOCKTAKING (GB) INVENTURA
purchase ['ps:tJes] koupit; koupd store (US) obchod
quality goods kvalitni zbozi string bag sit'ka, sit'ovka (na n6kup)
queue (GB) [k1ur] fronta supermarket supermarket
nnl ta-
queue up for... (GB) postavit se do superstore velk! obchod, ktery pro-
lionu)
fronty na... diiv6 tdmdi vie
. VOCABULARY.
257
CLOTHES
CLOTHES chequered ['tJ eked] kostkovanf fawn Ifc;n] Zlutohnddj, svdtle hndd! Jumpsr
alterations [,olte'rerJen] pie5iv6ni chintz [tJrnts] pestie potiSteni felt plst karakr
oddvii kartoun fit dokonale padnout; hodit se karal
amber ['rembe] jantarovli, jantarovd clash neladit, tlouci se (o barv6ch) flannel vlnEny flanel; Zinka kerchi,
llutyl, jantar clasp spona, sponka; piezka; hddek fl annels fl anelovd kalhoty kidskir
ankleJength ['aepkl,le90] po kot- clean distit flares zvonovd kalhoty kilt sk<
niky; kotnidkovf clip earings ['rerr4z] klipsy flat-heeled /low-heeled s nizkym knee-lr
anorak (GB) nepromokavii vdtrovka clogs dievdky podpatkem kneeso
s kapuci
colourfast stdlobarevnj floral kvdtinov! knicke
apron ['elprenf zAsr1ra
conceited domfSlivli flowered kv6tovanf, posetf kvdtinami pumtr
aquamarine [,akweme'rirn] akva-
cord(uroy) manSestr; manSestrovy foldaway umbrella sklddaci deStnik knicke
marinovy, akvamarin
kalhc
armhole prriramek costume jewellery bi2uterie footwear obuv
knitwe
baggy ['bregi] piiliS volnyi, plandav!; cotton bavlna; bavlndnli fur [fa:] koZe5ina
vlahanSi court shoes lodidky gabardine gtebedi:n] gabarddn
lace ki
['
lambsl
barred pruhovanj', prouZkovan5T, couturier ['ku:tjuerier] ndvrh6i rno- gaiters Stulpny, niivleky
vyddl
s Sir5imi pruhy demiho ddmskdho obledeni, krejdi galoshes galoSe
bathrobe (US) koupaci pl65t' cowlneck limec s kapuci
lapel I
garment obledeni; d6st oddvu, pr6dla
leather
batik ['betrk, be'ti:k] batikovanf; crease-resislant nemadkavy gaudy ['gc:di] kiiklavli
batika legging
crew neck vjstiih ke krku gem drahokam
beaded ['bi:drd] s perlidkami, s ko- leotard
crimson karminovy gloves rukavice gymn
rdlky
crocodile krokodyili ftnZe) goatskin kozi kriZe, kozina, kozinka
bellbottoms zvonovd kalhoty let out
cuff manZeta ruk6vu goggles ['goglz] ochrannd bry;le lightwe
belt pdsek
cufflink manZetov! knoflidek (lyZaiskd, pot6pddske. . . )
limegre
bib and braces kalhoty s laclem
cuffs (US) zdloZky kalhot gown ['gaun] r6ba; tal6r; dlouhd
bikini bikini line-dn
culottes fkju:rlots, ku'lots] kalho- spl!vav6 5aty
bleach [bli:tJ] bdlit; odbarvovat linen ['
tov6 sukrE greyish 5edav5i, naSedly; proSedivdlf
bodysuit body. elastickli oddv lingerie
curious zv€davy; zvidavy gumboots gumovd holinky, gumdky
^l;A;
boots vysokd boty, kotnidkovd boty cut out (a garment) stfihnout liitku handbag (GB) kabelka
lining p
bra podprsenka na odEv handkerchief kapesnik
loafers
bracelet n6rarnek cut-offs ustiiZend dZinsy hand-me-downs oddvy po nEkom
loose fl
braces (GB) Sle darn Stepovat, ldtat, vyspravit; hankie (infml) kapesnik
zatracene Ioosen
brassiere (finl) ['breeziee] podpr- hat klobouk
I
senka denim dZinsovina loud kii

headband delenka
briefs spodni kalhotky, pdnskd slipy dotted teekovanj, puntikovy lukewa.
heavy silnli. masivni. pevnj'
brocade Ibre'kerd] brokdt double-breasted suit dvouiadovy mac pld
oblek
heavy-duty pevnli, trvanlivli
brogues [brsugz] perfbrovand pdn- mackin
heel podpatek; podrazit
skd polobotky down jacket pdiov6 bunda maroon
hem obroubit, olemovat; obruba, lem
brooch IbroutJ] broZ drainpipes (coll) trubky match l
brownish dohndda dress ddmskd Saty; obldci
hemline dolni lem
materia
buckle piezka. spona dress up obldci se sviitednE herringbone vzor rybi kost
mauve
cagoule (GB) [ke'gu:l] nepromokav6 homespun rudnd tkan6 kitka z hrubd
dress up as... pievldci se 2a... mendin
bunda s kapuci mykane piize
drip-dry pr6d1o, kterd neni tieba Zeh- miniski
calf-length po llitka lit; vypere se a povdsi, aby uschlo ill-fitting nepadnouci, ipatnd sedici
mink nr
camo(uflage) mask6de dungarees (GB) [,da,qge'ri:z] mon-
informal nefbrmiilni
mittens
cane hfil; r6,koska tdrky iron Zehlit; Zehlidka
moccasi
elasticated elastickf, pruZnS? jersey svetiik s dlouhjrn ruk6vem;
cardigan zapinaci pleten6 vesta; svetr model
na zapinAni embroider vy5ivat triko; nritElnik; fbtbalov!' dres; n
cyklistick}i trikot nastinet

carmine ['ku:marn.] karmin embroidered vySivany; zdobenli
jockstrap suspenzor necklac
casual l'keSuel] nefbrm6lni, leLemi Iace mask maska na oblidej
jumper (GB) lehky svetr nicknan
change into st pievldci se do nddeho (ochrann6, plet'ovd ...)
jumper (US) Satovd z{stErabez nightdr,
change out of st vysvldci se z nddeho faded vybledly
rukilvri nighti
check kostkovanf ; pepito fashionable modemi
jumpers (US) dupadky, dEtskd py- nutria n
checked kostkovanj; pepito fashions m6da Zamo vcelku observa
258 .
' Topic-based Vocabulary
CLOTHES
hndd! jumpsuit kombindza ofT-the-peg (GB) konfekdni rolled up ohmutj'

karakul Ikreraku:l] koZeiina jehiat off-the-rack konfekdni roughly-spun ['r,rfli sp,rn] hrubE
karakulskd ovce oilskins nepromokavf oddv (napi. pro tkany
kerchief 56tek rybdie) round neck kulatli vfstiih
kidskin krizledi kiZe, kozinka overalls (US) montdrky; pracovni sable sobol
kilt skotsk6 suknd; kilt kornbindza safety helmet ochrann6 piilba
knee-length po kolena overcoat svrchnik, pievlednik, zimnik sandals sand6ly
im
kneesocks fni:soks] podkolenky overshirt voln6 koiile satin satdn
knickerbockers (US) ['nrke,bokaz] pads vycp6vky scarf 56tek; Siila
'6tinami pumpky paisley ['perzli] kaSmirovy vzor separates ['seperets] jednotlivd
eStnik knickers (GB) ['nrkez] spodni t;:::j" vinanka s kasmirovlm samostatnd d6sti obledeni, ktere lze
kalhotky kombinovat
knitwear pletend zboZi pajamas (US) [pe'd3c;mez] pyLamo sew [seu] Sit
lace krajka; tkanidka panties (US), pants (GB) spodni shades (coll) slunedni brjle
ldn
lambskin jehnddi koZeSinka, ber6nek; kalhotky shine lesknout se; Ie5tit
vyddland jehnEdi kfiZe pants (US) kalhoty shirt ko5ile
lapel [e'pel] klopa pantyhose (US) puniochdde shoelace tkanidka
pr6dla parka ['po:ke] kabrltek po kolena
leather kriZe short-sleeved s kr6tklmi rukrivy
leggings kamaie s kapuci lemovanou koZe5inou
shorts 5ortky, krat'asy
leotard ['li:etord] baletni, cvidebni, parka (US) nepromokav6 v6trovka
s kapuci shrink srazit se
gymnasticky trikot
pattern ['peten] vzor; stiih silk hedvdbi
rzinka let out vypustit
pendant piivdSek singlet (GB) n6tdlnik, tilko
le lightweight lehkli. odleheeny
petticoat spodnidka size velikost
limegreen Zlutozelenli
hd pigskin vepiovice, vepiovii kriZe slacks volnd kalhoty
line-dry su5it na Siriie
sleeve ruk6v
linen ['lrnrn] pliitno pleated skirt ['pli:trd skr:t] skl6dan6
:divdlj suknd slip d6mskd kombind
lingerie ['le:n5ari] jemne prddlo.
rm6ky prriddlko plimsolls (GB) ['plrmselz] tenisky; slip ofT rychle se svleci
pletcnd boty slip-ons boty, do kterfch se pouze
lining podiivka, vloZka
plush IplnJ] ply5r ply 5or y vklouzne
loafers mokasiny
iom polish le5tit; krdm slippers pantofle
loose [u:s] volnli; vypustit polka-dot s bilyimi puntiky, puntiko- slit rozparek
loosen ['lu:san] povolit, uvolnit vanf, puntikat! snakeskin hadi kriZe, hadinka
loud Kiklavj, ivavj, ndpadnli poloneck (GB) rol6k sole podr6Zka; podrazit
lukewarm vla2ny: lhostcjnj' polyester polyester, polyesterovj' spats [spets] psi dedky, ndvleky
mac pki5t'do deitd (precious) gems drahokamy speckled kropenaty. stif kany
mackintosh pldSi do deSte preshrunk piedsrdZen!, piedepranSi spectacles, specs Ispekteklz, speks]
maroon lme'ru:nl ka5tanovj' prqt-f-porter konfekce (dioptrickd) brile
ca, lem
match hodit se prickly pichlavli, kousavy; popudlivj spin-dry Zdimat v odstiedivce
material l6tka pullover (GB) pulovr, silndjSi svetr sportswear sportovni obledeni
mauve Imauv] lila, slabE nafialovdlli obldkanli pies hlavu starch Skrobit;Skrob
hrubd
mending spravov6ni, opravy pumps pdnskd lakov6 stievice; d6m- stitch 5it, se5it, steh; oko (pii pleteni)
miniskirt minisuknd skd lodidky
iedici stilettos Istl'leteuz] boty na jehlovdm
mink norek purple l'pa:pl] nachor y. purpuror y podpatku
mittens pald6ky put st on obleci si ndco stockings pundochy
moccasins mokasiny pyjamas (GB) [pe'd5o:mez) pyiamo strap p6sek, ieminek
vem;
model model(ka), manekfn(ka) quilted ['kwrltrd] pro5ivanli' stretch natahovat
nastiness nevlidnost, protivnost rack (US) vdSrik; piihr6dka; police striped Istrarpt] pruhovany, prouZ-
necklace l'neklos] n6hrdelnik raincoat pl65t' do deitd kovanli
nickname piezdivka ready-to-wear konfekdni studs fst,ldz] cvodky; n6u5nice jako

rinse vym6chat, propl6chnout; vy- knoflidky
-z nightdress (GB), nightgown (US),
nightie nodni ko5ile pl6chnout stylish stylovy
: py- nutria nutrie rip-zip (coll) suchl;' zip suede Iswerd] jernn6 hlazen6 kriZe,
semiS
observant viimavyi, pozomy roll up vyhmoil, vykasat
.VOCABULARY. 259
CLOTHES
suit sluSet; oblek twinset souprava d6msk6ho pulovru WORK & LEISURE casino I
sunglasses slunedni bryle a vesty, obvykle tdZe barvy charity
account [e'kaunt] rhdet, konto; zpr6va
suspenders (US) 5le umtrrella deStnik zace, (
account (for) biit zodpovddnj (za);
sweater (US) ['swete] silndjSi vlnEnl;' underpants (GB) trenky, slipy (p6n- zprisobit, zapiidinit check (t
svetr oblekany pies hlavu sk6 spodni pr6dlo) rola; o
accountant ridetni
sweatpants ['swetpants] tenkd undershirt (US) podvl6kaci trieko checkin
accounting [rdetnictvi
tepl6ky underwear spodni pr6dlo (v ban
addiction to st z6vislost na nEdeml
sweatshirt mikina undress vysvldci se narkomanie, n6vyk chemin-
druh b
sweatsuit tepkikov6 souprava V-neck vlistiih ve tvaru V, vedko address adresa; oslovit
cheque t
T-shirt tridko veil zdvoj advanced pokrodilj'
china pi
tacky nevkusnyi, kjdovityi, vy5lyf velcro ['velkreu] suchy zip aftershave voda po holeni
z m6dy clock in
velour [ve'lue] velur, tkanina s hus- agricultural zerndddlsky pichac
tailor krejdi t11m vlasem, aksamit, samet
alternative alternativa clock ou
tailor's krejdovstvi velvet samet
amusing zibavny pichac
tailor-made Sity na miru vermilion Ive'mrlien] rumdlka
antiques Ian'ti:ks] staroZitnosti cloth [k
take in zabrat vest (GB) netdhik
aperture (f-stop) ['apetJe] clona; coin mir
take up zabrat,zvednout, zkr6tit vest (US) vesta svdtlost; otvor, Stdrbina collector
tan svdtlehndd! waistcoat (GB) vesta application (form) piihl65ka (fbr- conscior
tank top vestidka s vystiihem waterproofs obledeni do deSt6 mul6i) Imysh
tape measure (kejdovsky) metr; wearer ten, kdo nosi (ndjakd oble- apply (for) podat ZAdost, za26dat; conscrip
(m6iici) p6smo deni) uchazet se
arm6d.
tawny ['tcrni] hnddoZlutj wool vlna apprenticeship udeni, udiiovsk6 ldta conscrip
tepid vlaZnli, odraZenyi woollen ['wulen] vlndnli, vyrobeny artist um6lec, zvl. malii sluZba,
terry (cloth) ['teri] frot6 z vlny attitude lo(wards) sl or sb postoj. counterl

working pracovni piistup k nddemu nebo ndkornu paddla
thimble[' 0rmbl] n6prstek
worn-out obnoieny autograph ['crte gro:fl autogram; craftsmr
tie v6zanka, kravata; zavivat
rukopis dila svdho ,
tie-dyed batikovany (vyvazov6nim) wristbands ndtepniiky: naramky:

manzety badge odznak, znakl medaile craps hr,
tiepin jehlice do kravaty
wristwatch IrrrstwotJ] n6ramkovd banknote / bill (US) bankovka crochet
tight tdsn! hodinky vAni
barefoot(ed) bosli
tights (GB) pundochovd kalhoty yellowish do 2luta current
beehive ril: vdelin
tissues ['trJurz;'trsjurz] papirovd (v banr
zigzag lzrgzagl cikcak, klikatd d6ra; beekeeper vdelai
kapesniky klidkovat; klikatit se; entlovaci curricul
betting shop s6zkov6 kancel6i
toiletries toaletni pofeby Ika,rrk
tracksuit tepl6ky bilingual [bar'l Iq gwel] dvoujazydnf, topis
bilingv6lni darkroo
trainers tenisky
blackjack (US) jednadvacet (hazardni day off r
trenchcoat trendkot, nepromokavli hra)
kab6t dealer kr
bleary-eyed ['blrariard] ne docela
trendy modni. hypermoderni probuzenli; majici kaln6, zarudld degree a
trousers (GB) kalhoty odi; uslzeny delibera

try on vyzkouset bloodthirsty [' bl,td,0a:sti] krveladnli zAmdn
tumble-dry ['t,rmbl drar] usu5it blue-collar manu6lnE pracuj ici, developt

v su5idce delnickli dice kosl
tumble-dryer / drier su5idka na boozer (GB coll) putyka die (US)
pr6dlo building society (GB) stavebni zemiit
tunic ['tjurnrk] tunika spoiitelna diligencr
busking [b,rskrq] hrani na hudebni tost, pf
turn-up collar stoj6dek
f urnups (GBl z|lozky nohavic
niistroj za penize (na ulici apod.) disencha
bustling ruSnj, kypici Zivotem iluzi
turquoise ['ta:kwcrz] tyrkysov5;
butcher ['butJe] ieznik doctor d
turtleneck (GB) ['ta:tlnek] stoj6dek
camcorder videokamera doctorat
turtleneck (US) rol6k
carpentry tesaiina; tesaisk6 priice dole (GE
tweed tvid nanostr
twill kepr cartridge n6bojnice, patrona; ndboj
doll pane
cashier fke'Jre] pokladni, pokladnik
doze I dr

WORK & LEISURE
casino Ike'si:neu] kasino draft (US) povinn6 vojenskd sluZba, individuality osobitost; individualita
zpriNa charity ['tJirreti] dobrodinn6 organi- brannii povinnost; koncept initiative Ir'nrJetrv, r'nrJretrv] inicia-
zace, dobrodinnost draftee (US) povinnd odvedenyi do tlva
check (US) Lidet, udtenka; Sek; kont- arm6dy insomniac Irn'somni,rek] osoba
rola; odSkrtnout, zatrhnout dressmaker Svadlena, d6msk6/1i trpici nespavosti
checking account (US) bdZn! fdet krejdi intermediate stiednd pokrodilf
(v bance) dressmaking Siti dAmskich Satfi, interview piijimaci pohovor
chemin-de-fer [Je'mren de 'fee] drimskd krejdovstvi
interviewee dotazovand osoba
druh bakaratu drop in on sb zastavit se u ndkoho na
niivStdvu in the black blt v plnsu, mit zisk
cheque (GB) Sek
drowsy ['drauzi] ospalj. m6toZnj in the red v dervenfch dislech,
china porcel6n zadluleny
clock in oznadit dobu piichodu na early riser ranni pt6de
involved anga1ovany
pichacich hodin6ch education vzddl|ni
jackpot bank v pokeru; st6le zvy5ovat
clock out oznadit dobu odchodu na elementary zdkladni vklad aZ do vj'hry
pichacich hodin6ch elevenses (GB) desdtka, dopoledni jobless nezamCstnani
il cloth [kloO] ldtka; utdrka; hadr svadina; piesnidiivka
journalist ['d3e:nalrst] novindi
na; coin mince embroidery Irm'brordori] vy5ivka;
vyiiv6ni knitting ['nrtr4] pleteni
collector sbdratel
or- employer zamdstnavatel lay offpropustit (dodasnd nebo trvale)
consciously l'konJesli] vddomd;
iunyslnd employment office (US) iiad pr6ce Iaziness lenost
at; conscript (GB) povinnd odvedenli do enlistee dobrovolnik loalhe stIaodl mit odpor. averzi
armiidy, branec v0di nddemut hnusit si ndco
enterprise podnik; podnikrini; pod-
6l6ta conscription (GB) povinn6 vojensk6 nikavost lottery loterie
slu2ba. brannd povinrrost equipment zaiizeni, vybaveni male mu2(skj)
toj, counterfeit Irkauntefr:t] padelek; example piiklad, vzor managerial manaZersky, vedouci
lu paddlanli. fale5ny manual manu6lni, pracujici mkama
exchange vjmdna; vymdnit
m; craftsman iemeslnik, urndlec, mistr nebo tElesnd
sv6ho oboru experience praxe
mask (CB) kryt oblideje pro vdelaie
craps hra v kostky s dvdrna kostkami fail neuddlat, neuspdt
military service vojenskd sluZba
crochet ['kreuJer] hridkovat; hridko- female Zena, Zensky
moonlighting (coll) melouchaieni
vdni file poiadad; soubor; sloZka; doku-
menty mortgage ['mc:gld3] hypoteka; zati-
current account (GB) bdZnf fiet Zit hypotdkou, zastavit
(v bance) fill in / out (a form) vyplnit (forrnul6i)
night shift nodni smdna
curriculum vitae (c.v.) fixer ustalovad
obedience Ie'bi:diens] posluSnost
[ke,rrkjulem'virtar,'varti:] Zivo- fluent plynulf
zycny, topls obsession with st posedlost nddim;
focus ohnisko; zaostiit utkvdl6 piedstava
darkroom temn6 komora
uardni forgery podvrh, zfalSovan6 kopie; occupation povoliini, zamdstn6ni
day off volny den paddlek
dealer krupidr; prodejce
odd-jobs piileZitostn6 zamdstn6ni
:ela freelance na volnd noze
offi ce-worker administrativn i pra-
drd degree akademick6 hodnost, titul full-time na plnli tvazek covnik
deliberately {imyslnd, schvdlnd, genuine opravdovf, prav!
z6m€md
on income support (US), on welfare
eladn! golden handshake (GB) odmdna ud6- (US), on the dole (GB coll) (Zit)
developer vlivojka len6 vyznamndmu zarndstnanci (pii z podpory. tbyt) na podpoie
dice kostka; kostky; kriijet na kostky propuStdni nebo odchodu, odstupnd) on social security (Zit) z podpory (ze
die (US) hraci kostka; lisovadlo; go on strike zadit st6vkovat soci6lnich d6vek)
zemiit hard-hat worker stavebni ddlnik overdraft debetni saldo (poukaz
diligence ['drlrdSensl pile. pracovi- have st on mit ndco don-rluvendho na d6stku piesahujici hotovost);
ebni tost, piidinlivost dodasny irvdr
health insurance, health plan (US),
d.) disenchanted rozdarovanli, zbaveny health scheme (GB) nemocensk6 overdraw vybrat vic neZje vklad,
iluzi pojiStdni piecerpat
doctor doktor, lekai hobby konidek, hobby overdrawn piederpanyi
doctorate doktor6t honeycomb ['h,tnikeurn] pl6stev or erexposed pieexponovan j
ice dole (GB coll) podpora v nezamdst- hustle ['h,tsl] ruch, shon; spdchat, oversleep zaspat
nanostl honit se overtime priice pies das
6boj
doll panenka incompetence Irq'komprtents] part-time na diistednli rivazek
ladnik
doze / drop offusnout, zdiimnout si neschopnost, nezpfrsobi lost
.VOCABULARY. 261
WORK & LEISURE
passionately zanicend, zarjat'. schedule I Jedju:1, 'skedju:l] p16n, timetable rozvrh; jizdni, letovj i6d COMN
v6Snivd program; rozvrh hodin; jizdni, toy hradka adhesive
pastime zabava: hra. sport: rekreace letovj i6d
tripod ['trarpod] trojnoZka; stojan, Ied'hi:
pattern stiih; vzor; vzorek; model 1a pair ol) scissors ['srzez] nirzky statlv aerogral
phone bill irdet za telefon seamstress Svadlena, Sidka trophy trofej ; pamAtnik
phoney 1US.t ['looniJ lalesny set up st zaloLit, ziidit ndco u nderexposed podexponovany answer, l
pin Spendlik; kolik; dep severance pay (US) ['severens] unemployed nezamdstnany
zvednc
odmdna uddlend ryznamnemu answerir
pink-collar tlikajici se povol6ni, kterd zamdstnanci pii propuStdnf nebo
unions odbory
obvykle vykoniivaji Zeny (napi. answerp
nucendm odchodu, odchodnd unpaid leave neplacen6 dovolend
zdravotni sestry, sekret6iky) zaznafi
sewing ['seurg] Siti vacation (US) pr6zdniny, dovolen6
plumber ['pl.r.me] instalatdr (@ at @:
sewing machine iici stroj valuable cennf, hodnotny
poker poker (karetni hra) blame b1
sex pohlavi; sex vary in st ['veeri] li5it se, odli5ovat se zprisob
pontoon (GB) fpon'tu:n] oko, jedna-
dvacet (karetni hra) shave holit se, oholit veil (US) kry oblideje pro vdelaie busy sigr
precious ['preJes I drahocenny. shortlist zaiadit do uZiiho vlibEru vice-versa a naopak cancel zr
vztrcny shortlisted for v uZ5im vybdru viewfinder hled6dek cellotape
predecessor I pri:dr,sese] pied- sick pay nemocensk6 (penize) vocation Iveu'kerJen] povol6ni; izolepa
chfidce; piedek posl6ni coin-ope
sickness benefit (GB) nemocenske
priceless nesmimd cenny, neocenitelny d6vky volunteer dobrovolnik; piihl6sit se collect v.
probation period zku5ebni thrita sideline vedlejii nebo druhd zamdst- dobrovolnd
collect c:
procrastination n6ni wage mzda volanel
fpreu,krastr'nerJen] ot6leni, v6- sign on vstoupit do zamdstn6ni a uza- wake (up) with a start n6hle se collectior
h6ni, odkl6d6ni povinnosti viit zamdstnaneckou smlouvu probudit
cordless
professional (e.g. doctor, lawyer) similarities podobnd nebo spolednd waking bddni
cut oll d
vysokoikolsky vzddlanf odbornik rysy; analogie waste odpad; pljtvat fonickd
(napi. ldkai, pr6vnik) situations vacant (ads) (GB) voln6 weaver ['wirve] tkadlec cyberspa
promotion povy5eni; propagace, mista (inzertni rubrika)
weeding pleni ticky pr
reklama sleep in sp6t dlouho; zaspat
weight v6ha datalink
prospects vyhlidky do budoucna sleepwalk chodit ve spani; bjrt n6m6-
white-collar worker iriednik denomin
prune proiezat, oiezat (strom) sidnf
hodnoti
wiped out vymfcenj
punctuality l,p,rnktju'relrtil pies- sleepy ospalj
determin
nost, dochvilnost woodwork pr6ce s dievem; vjrobky
snore chrdrpat
ze dieva dial(ling)
qualifications piedpoklady, schop- sociability ['souJebilatr] schopnost
nosti, kvalifi kace, zpfisobilost workaholic nef rnomy pracovnik, Director,
vychazet a bar it se s lidmi
recession Irr'seJen] hospod6iskyi
dlovdk, kter! nemfiZe blt bez pr6ce o telefo
socialise spoledensky se stfkat; chodit
pokles, recese worthless bezcenny, zb)'teani Director,
do spolednosti
yell iv6t, kiidet, jedet ri, dar-
redundancy payment (GB) odstupnd specimen vzorek dislech
tomu, kdo byl propuStEn
stamp zn6mka; razitko disconne,
re-enlistment (US) dobrovolnd naru-
kov6ni vojdkt v zirloze standing order trvaly piikaz earpiece
repossess st [,ri:pe'zes] vzit si n€co stressful stresujici enclosurt
zpet strike against st, for st stavkovat engaged r
proti nddemu, za nEco

reputation povdst, reputace envelope
suggestion n6vrh, podnEt
responsible for st, sb zodpovddnj za excess po
nEco, ndkoho suitable for sb vhodnli pro ndkoho
extension
r6sum6 (US) ['rezju;mer,'rezumer] surname piijmeni
facsimile
Zivotopis swap vym€na
fax ffeks
riot nepokoj, povstdni swarm [swc:m] roj; rojit se
fax sb por
roulette [ru: rlet] ruleta tailor krejdi; uddlat na miru, na fragile ['1
sabbatical rodni volno, vddeck6 zakbzku
(oznade
dovolen6 univerzitniho profesora, teller (US) bankovni riiednik (u pie-
opakujici se nejdiive po Sesti letech franked e
p6Zky)
ob6lka
sack vyhodit, vyrazit (ze zamdstn6ni) temp piechodnd zamEstnany dlovdk, greeting
salary plat vypomoc (obvykl e zprostiedkuje 1
agenruraJ guarantel
savings and Ioan bank / association
(US) stavebni spoiitelna tidy up uklizet; d6t vEci do poiddku handset tr

COMMUNICATION
,i6d COMMUNICATION hang up zavEsit plug into st piipojit se do, k nEdemn

adhesive (postage stamp) hold the line nezavd5ujte poison-pen letter anonymni dopis
lan. [ad'hi:srv] lepici (poitovni zn6mka) ID (identification card) prfikaz totoZ- postal clerk poStovni fiednik
aerogramme ['eereugrem] speci6lni nosti; obdansky prukaz postal order (GB) poStovni poukiizka
leteckf dopis, aerogram illegible handwriting neditelnf postal rates po5tovni sazby
answer, pick up the phone vzit, rukopis
post-box poStovni schr6Lnka
zvednout telefon inland vnitrost6tni
postcard pohlednice
answering machine zlznamnik insure pojistit
poste restante (GB) [,peust'r'esto:nt]
answerphone, ansaphone telefon se interface rozhrani. interface poste restante
ina
zinnamnikem: z|znamnik
lenii invention vyn6lez postman (GB) listonoS, po5tovni
(@ at @ zavin|t.
issue ['rJu:, 'rsjur] vydat dorudovatel
blame bft zodpovddny zandco, postmark poStovni razitko
JVAI
knighted povlSen do Slechtickdho
SC zpiisobit ndco
stavu postmaster poStmistr, piednosta
afe busy signal (US) obsazovaci t6n
letter-box schrdnka na dopisy poStovniho fiadu
cancel zruSit; orazitkovat (znrimku) v domd, na dveiich; veiejn6 poS- postmistress poStrni strov6, pied-
cellotape prrisvitn6 samolepici p6ska, tovni schr6nka nostka poStovniho itiadu
izolepa letterhead zirhlav i dopisu, hlavitka precedent ['presrdent, -edent]
coin-operated (fungujici) na mince log in, log on piihLisit se; piipojit se r--.li^-.^--^,..lont
Pr!r!u!,,r
it se collect vybrat log into the net piihl6sit se do sitd printed matter tiskoviny
collect call (US) hovor na irdet log off, log out odhldsit se; odpojit se proof of identity prokdzdni totoZnosti
volandho push-button telephone tladitkovy
loudspeaker reproduktor
collection vybir6ni poStovni schr6nky lump sum odstupnd (ednor6zov6 telefon
cordless phone bezSifrrovy telefbn d6stka vypl6cen6 propuitdnym receiver telefbnni sluch6tko; piijimad
cut off, disconnected pieruSeny (tele- pracovnikrim) recorded delivery (important
fonick6 spojeni) make a call zavolat, zatelefonovat (si) letters) doporudend (dtleZit6
cyberspace ['sarbespers] kybeme- mail (US) poSta dopisy)
tickj prostor. kyberprostor mail-box (US) schr6nka na dopisy registered post cennd psar-ri; dopo-
datalink dalove spojeni, datovy okruh v domd, na dveiich; veiejnd poS- rudend
denomination nomin6lni, irnenovitd tovni schr6nka regulated by sb, st iizen, regulovdr-r
hodnota mailman (US) listono5, poitovni ndkj'm, nddinr
determined by st urden nddim dorudovatel remote microphone / mike pienosny
'obky
mic, mike (infml) [mark] mikrofon mikrofon; mikrofon, ktery je sou-
dial(ling) tone oznamovaci t6n
d6sti telefonniho piistroje fie rnoZno
ik, Directory Assistance (US) informace modem modem rnluvit z d6lky, ne do sluch6tka)
prace o telefonnich dislech mouthpiece mluvitko, mikrofon ringing tone vyzv6nEci t6n
Directory Enquiries (GB)[dr'rekte telefonniho piistroje
rotary telephone telefon s kruhovllrn
ri, dar-] informace o telefonnich networking vytv6ieni sitE (i spo-
diselnikem
dislech ledenskd, navazov6ni profesnich
kontaktfi) rough copy [rat'] koncept
disconnect pieruSit. odpojit
networks sitd R.S.V.P.: please reply to an
earpiece sluch6tko
invitation prosim o odpovdd'
enclosure piiloha notebook (computer) notebook (z francouz5tiny: repondez s'il vous
engaged tone (GB) obsazovaci ton operator spojovatel. tel efon ista plait)
envelope obillka package balik, balidek scale(s) v6ha, v6hy
excess postage doplatek poStovndho packet balidek. krabicka 1napi. seal a letter zalepit, zapedetit dopis
clgaret) sealing wax pedetni vosk
extension( number) klapka, linka [waks]
padded envelope protin6razovd
facsimile I lak'srmr li] f'ax
obdlka
sellotape prusvitnd samolepici pdska.
izolepa
fax [frrks] fax
parcel balidek, balik, zdsilka
fax sb poslat ndkomu fax sign for st podepsat ndco
partition Ipor'trJen] piep6Zka;
sorting office tiidirna (poStovnich
fragile ['fradSarl,'fredgol] kiehki piidka, ddlici stdna
(oznadeni na balicich) zdsilek)
pen-friend, pen-pal zn6mf, piitel sound zvuk
franked enr elope oliankovand k dopisovdni
ob6lka stationery psaci potieby; dopisni
philatelist fi latelista papir
greeting pozdrav; osloveni (v dopisu)
phone book telefonni seznam
gua ra ntee zaru(.itl' zAr uka
stamped addressed envelope (s.a.e.)
pillar box (CB) po5tovni schrdnka ofrankovan6 ob6lka s adresou
handset telefonni sluch6tko (derven6 ve tvaru viilce)
string proviizek, motouz
. VOCABULARY. 263
TOWN & COUNTRY
sub-post office (GB) po5ta, zvl. na TOWN & COUNTRY browse / surfthe Internet / web / culprit
venkovE, kterou vede poStmistr net surfovat po internetu curb (L
abduct sb undst ndkoho
nebo poStmistrovd. kteii jsou samo- budget rozpodet okraj
statnymi zamEstnanci poit accident nehoda; autonehoda
burglar zloddj, kter! se vloup6 do custody
subsequent ['s,tbsrkwant] ndsledu- accused of st obvindn! z nddeho
domu deal wir
jici, n6slednj acquitted of st zproStdn nddeho
burglary loupeZ, vloup6ni seSnl
telephone telefon, telefonni piistroj algae bloom I'algi:, 'reld3i:l pie-
busker (GB) poulidni zpdv6k, hudeb- declare
trunk call mezimdstskf telefonickj mnoZeni vodnich ias
nik, komik apod. defence
hovor alley ulidka
bypass vndjSi (dopravni) okruh, obhajr
typing psani na stroji, na poditadi amber (GB) oranloyit (dopravni obchvat defend
universe svdt; vesmir svdtlo)
carriageway (GB) vozovka, pruh vest o
urgent nal6havf; pilnli, spE5n! ambulance sanitni vfiz, sanitka vozovky defendz
videophone videofon amusement park z6bavni park, casualties ['kre3jueltiz] ztr\ty na defibril
lunapark Zivotech pii dopravnich nehod6ch
weigh [wer] v62it, zvitiit srdedr
annoy obtdZovat, ruSit,jit na nervy, cathedral Ike'0i:dral] katedr6la,
window okdnko; okno detectir
vadit d6m, chrdm
develop
appliance zaiizeni, piistroj, spotiebid cemetery hibitov
pro dom6cnost dial vyt,
census ['senses] sdit6ni lidu
apprehend zadrlet, zatknout, vzit do dishone
change to... piestoupit na... nepoc
vazby
chapel kaple diversio
arcade pasd2. prrichod s obchody
charge sb with st obvinit koho z deho dock lar
arrest zatknout, vzit do vazby; zat-
deni, vazba cheat podv6ddt, oSidit downto'
arrested zatden; ve vazbd church kostel; cirkev mdsta
assault n6silnd napadeni, piepadeni circus (CBt kulati ndmdsti drain o<
avenue alej, 5irok6 tiida climbing frame prol6zadka droughl

back road vedlejSi silnice close to st blizko nddeho; t6mdi, dustbin
skoro u odpadl
back street bodni, vedlejSi ulice
collar sb (coll) dopadnout, chytit dustcarr
backward areas zaostal6, nerozvl-
nEkoho dustmar
nutd oblasti
community durch spoledny, ekume- odpadl
banned zakLzany
nicky (mezicirkevni) kostel embank
barrack(s) kasdrna
con o5idit, obalamutit; obrat enforcer
barrister (GB) pr6vnik, kterj je
confess piiznat, doznat entertai
oprdvndn vdst obhajobu u vy5Siho
soudu confuse zmiist, spldst escape r
biodegradable schopni rozkladu contraflow (GB) jizda v obou sm6- extingui
pisobenim mikroorganizmfi rech vjednom pruhu kvrlli oprav6m
nebo dopravni nehodd
facilitier
blackmail vydIrat sluSen:
conurbation mdstsk6 aglomerace,
blame st on st svddEt (ndco) na ndco fight rva
soumEsti
blind alley slepri ulidka fire brig
conveniences veiej nd toalety
bobby (GB coll) strriZnik, policajt hasidi
cop (US coll) policajt, polda
book (US coll) zatknout, uvalit vazbu; fire esca
copper (GB coll) policajt, polda, fizl poLdru
vazba
courtroom soudni sii fire extir
boot (US) botidka (pii zaparkov6ni na
nespr6vndm mist€) cover up zamaskovat floods zi
bootleg nez6konnd vyr6bdnS;', paSo- crescent l'kresent] obloukovitd, fly-tippi
vanj, pir6tsk!; pirAtskii nahrdvka prilkruhov6 ulice odpadr
bottle bank kontejner na ulici pro criminal zlodinec flyover r
sbEr pr6zdnjch lahvi crook podvodnik, lump, dareb6k, gau- forester
boulevard ['burlevord] bulv6r ner; zloddj; profesion6lni zlodinec
forge ko
break down zhroutit se crooked streets
fork roz,
brewery ['broeri] pivovar ['krukrd (GB) 'kruked (US)] kii-
volakd ulice freeway
bribe uplatit; uplatek frontier
crossroads (GB) kiiZovatka
bribery riplatk6istvi, korupce lunfair:
cul-de-sac ['kulde,srk,'k,tlde,sek]
bring about zprisobit, piivodit, slep6 ulice; slepd ulidka fuzz (US
piindst

TOWN & COUNTRY
lbl culprit ['k,tlprrt] pachatel, vinik gamekeeper hajnf jail vdzeni, vdznice
curb (US) obrubnik, obrubni k6men, gaol [d3ell] v6zeni, vdznice, trestnice jaywalk neukdrznEnd piechiizet silnici
okraj chodnfku garbage (US) odpadky (mimo piechod)
do custody (vySetiovaci) vazba gasworks plyn6rna jewellery klenoty, Sperky
deal with st vyrovnat se, vypoi6dat get away utdci, uniknout, uprchnout, judge soudce
se s nddim dostat se pryi junction kiiZovatka
rudeb- declare goods piihl6sit zboZi k procleni get away with vyv6znout, uniknout jury I d5u(e)ri] porota
defence (GB), defense (US) obrana, potrest6ni, projit kon.ru co kerb (GB) obrubnik, obrubni kdmen,
obhajoba gentry ['d3entri] niZSf venkovsk6 okraj chodniku
defend hiljit; vystupovat jako obhrijce, Slechta; vy55i stiedni vrstvy na kidnap unest
uh vdst obhajobu venkovd
kidnapper r.inosce
defendant obZalovany give directions iici, popsat cestu
na
kidnapping fnos
defibrillator piistroj k obnoveni give evidence svdddit, vypovidat
Crich
srdedni dinnosti elektrickimi Soky u soudu
kirk (Scots) kostel
a,
detective detektiv ghetto ghetto labour pr6ce; ddlnictvo, pracujici
developed over zastavEny graffiti n6pisy a kresby na zdech,
labourer ddlnik
dial vytodit telefonni dislo vjtvory sprejert ladder Zebiik
dishonest Idrs'onrst] nedestny, graveyard hibitov landowner majitel pozemku
nepoctivi gridlock dopravni ziicpa (vozidla se lane ulidka, irzkd ulice
diversion (GB) [dar'va:Jen] objiZdka nemohou hnout z mista) lax laxni, nedbal!, nedristednj
z deho dock lavice obZalovanych guilty vinen lawyer pr6vnik, pr6vni z6stupce,
downtown (US) stfed mdsta; v centru gurdwara (for Sikhs) modlitebna advok6t
nrdsta sikhfi (dleni indick6 n6boZenskd licence povoleni, oprdvndni, licence
sekty)
drain odpad, odtok; dren6Z; kaniil litter odpadky
gutter okap; piikop; stoka
drought [draut] sucho, obdobi sucha litter-bin (GB) odpadkovyi ko5
harbour piirodni piistav
dustbin (GB) popelnice, n6doba na louse, pl. lice veS, v5i
odpadky headquarters velitelstvi; ieditelstvi
lumberjack (US) dievai, dievorubec
-rt dustcart (GB) vtz na odvoz odpadki homelessness bezdomovectvi
magistrate soudce pro drohne pie-
dustman (GB) popel6i, sbdrad hooligan chulig6n stupky; srnirdi soudce
(ume- odpadkri hose hadice manhunt p6treni
embankment (GB) n6bfeZi hospitalised hospitalizov6n, umistdn manslaughter ['mrn,slc:te] zabiti
enforcement vynuceni, vym6hrini do nemocnice (netimyslne)
entertainment zAbava hosepipe ban zitkaz zaldvdni hadici mayor [mee] starosta
(piipojenou k vodovodni siti)
escape uniknout migration stdhov6ni, migrace
me- hurt zranit
extinguish uhasit minister duchovni, pastor
ravilll hydrant ['hardrent] hydrant, vodo-
facilities vybaveni, vybavenost, pii- vodni kohout
mosque Irnosk] meSita
slu5enstvi, zaiizeni mugging n6silnd piepadeni (a okra-
hypermarket velkli supemarket,
fight rvadka hypennarket
deni)
fire brigade (GB) hasidskt sbor, mulch materi6l k muldov6ni; mul-
illegal dumping nepovolen6 skl6dka
hasidi eovat
odpadu
fire escape nouzovf vlichod v piipadd murder vraZda
t, frzl incinerator Irn'srnererte] spalovna
poZ6ru museum muzeum
infl ammable Irn'fl remebl] hoilav!
fire extinguisher hasici piistroj neglected a rea zanedban 6, zch|tralit
inner city vnitini mEsto, centrLull
floods z6plavy d6st mdsta
innocent nevinny
fl y-tipping nepovolen6 skl6dka neighbourhood (US) mdstsk6 dtvrt,
^,
odpadu in plain clothes v civilu okoli, sousedstvi
flyover nadjezd insist on st trvat na n6aem newspapers noviny
k, gau- forester lesnik, polesnj, revirnik inspector policejni inspektor; do- next to st vedle nEdeho
:lnec zorce; kontrolor
forge koviirna; kov6isk6 vjhei nick sb (coll) sebrat
intersection (US) kiiZovatka
fbrk rozcesti opposite st naproti nddemu; protiklad
lffl- in the middle of nowhere tam, kde
freeway (US) d6lnice ordeal Ic:'dre l] marlyrium, rnuka
1i5ky d6vaji dobrou noc, daleko od
frontier hranice; pohranidi civil izace outsider cizi dlovdk
r,srek] funfair zitbavni park, lunapark involved in st piitornen, [rdasten overcome by smoke piiduSeny, piiot-
fuzz (US coll) policajt, chlupat! nddeho rdveny kouiem
.VOCABULARY. 265
TOWN & COUNTRY
overcrowded pieplndn!, pielidndnf, reuse znovu pouZit subway (GB) podchod SIGH'
precpany ripsb off {coll ) vzir na hfrl. natdh- subway (US) podzemni driiha, metro abando
overpass rnimofroviovli piechod, nout, oSkubat, okr6st n6koho synagogue synagoga abbey c
nadjezd road (GB) vozovka,jizdni dr6ha T-junction kiiZovatka ve tvaru T abound
overtake (GB) predjet, piedjiZddt road works pr6ce na silnicr temple templ; chrdm, svatynd (hin- aisle Iar
packaging obalovii, balici technika, robbery loupeZ duistickri); chrdm BoZiho hrobu ambit:
baleni v Jeruzalemd
roundabout kruhovj objezd altar
parks parky, sady ['c
row ulice (rovnd) terrace (GB) iada domri na svahu
pass (US) piedjet, piedjiZddt altarpie
rubbish odpadky, smeti testify sv6ddit, vypovidat u soudu
passer-by kolernjdouci ancient
rule rozhodnout, vyn6st rozsudek, throw out vyhodit letitf;
patrol boat hlidkovj dlun odsoudit tip (US) skl6dka announ
patrol car (US) policejni vriz rundown zchdrraly. na spadnuti: toilets toalety apprecir
pavement (GB) chodnik vyderpan! tow away [teo e'wer] odt6hnout si ndcr
pavement (US) vozovka, jizdni dr6ha safety bezpednost (auto) arboretr
peace and quiet klid sandpit piskoviStd toxic waste toxickf odpad ] arbor
perjury ['pe:d3eri] kiiv6 piisaha; sanitation hygiena; ozdravdni trial soud archaeo
v6dom6 leZ scared r yd6Seny. r 1 straSeny trick podvdst, nap6lit, obelstit; armour
pickpocket kapesni zlodEj, kaps6i scrap-heap (GB) smetiStE, skl6dka podvod krunfi
pileup (GB) ietdzovii sriiLZka vozidel set up postavit; zaloiit, ziidit twisting kiivolaky Art Nou
plastic bottles plastov6 l6hve sewer [sue] stoka, kan6l underground (GB) podzemni dr6ha, astronol
playground hiiStd metro attractir
shanty town chudinsk6 dtvrt
poacher ['poutJe] pytl6k s chatrdemi undermanned [,,,rnde'mand] s nedo- aurochs
statednym podtem pracovnich sil
policeman policista, policajt shoplifter zlod€j, ktery; krade v ob- banishnr
chod6 underpass podchod, podjezd
pollute (water) znediSfovat (vodu) bank bit
sidewalk (US) chodnik undeserved nezaslouZeny
pollution znediStCni baptize
siren ['sareren] sirdna uninhabitable neobyvatelny
port piistav Baroque
skip velky kontejner na odpadky unintentionally nerimyslnd; bezdddnE
pottery hmdiisk6 dilna; hmdiiskd basilica
vfrobky; hrndiistvi (dinnost) skyscraper mrakodrap vandal vandal
bastion I
pour [po:] tit, nalit sleeping policeman (GB) piidnyi vandalism vandalismus
battlegrr
priest kndz, pastor priih, retarddr (vyvjSenyi p6s napiid vermin drobnli obtiZnli hmyz, para-
vozovkou nutici iidide zpomalit ziti, havdt' battlemr
prison vEzeni, v6znice, trestnice jizdu) Beijing I
vicar fardi, vikdi
prosecutor Zal obce, prokur6tor belfry
slide skluzavka (pro ddti na hii5ti) violence n6sili ['1
prove dok6zat, prok1zat; potvrdit slum brloh, chudinskii dtvrt bell zvor
wanted hledanf
provincial town provinci 6lni, zao - smithy kovdma besiege I
stald mdsto warehouse ['weehaus] skladiStE;
smuggle paSovat prodej ze skladu bishopri
public veiejnost: veiejni. statni.
mdstsk!, obecni sneak away vytratit se, vykrdst se waste refrigerants chladici smdsi na breathta
sklddkdch berouc.
public conveniences veiejnd z6chodky soldier ['sauld3a] voj6k
solicitor (GB) pr6vni poradce, priivni waterworks vod6rna burn dor
pull over zastavit u krajnice; zastavit popeler
ndkoho z6stupce, advokdt well-kept dobie udrZovan!, pdstdnj
spaghetti junction sloZitj systdm width [wId0] 5iika, Siie Cairo [k;
punishment trest; postih
rr i moirroviiov!ch kiiZovatek candlesti
put out a fire uhasit poZ6r, ohei winding klikatli ; todityi
speed bump /ramp (US) piidnli pr6h, castle z6r
quaint [kwernt] malebnli; staro- witness svddek
retarddr catacoml
d6vnf, starobylf woodcutter dievorubec, dievai
speeding piiliS rychl6 jizda, piekro- podzen
rape zn6silndni; zn6silnit deni rychlostniho limitu
yellow (US) oran2ovd (dopravni
cathedra
rat krysa; potkan svdtlo)
spread Siiit. Siiit se. rozSiiit se d6m. cl
recruitment n6bor, posila square ndmdsti cave jesk
rector far6i, hlava farnosti, pastor; steal kr6st, ukrdst certainty
rektor
stolen kradenj, ukradeny chalet ['J
recycle [rir'sarkl] recyklovat
straight on piimo, rovnd chancel I
recycled recyklovanj zpravid
slrelcher nositka pro nemocnd
regulation smEmice, naiizeni, dohled ZISTC
styrofoam ['starrafeum] polystyren
result in st mit za n6sledek ndco, v6st chasm ['l
k nddemu suburb ['s.tbsrb] piedmdsti

SIGHTSEEING
SIGHTSEEING chivalry ['Jrvelri] ry.tiistvi; rytii- entrance to ['entrens]vchod do

metro skost; rytiistvo ethnographic etnografi ckli
abandon opustit
choir Ikware] kfir, kneZiStd; pdveck! evolve from st vyvinout se z nddeho
abbey opatstvi, chr6m pii opatstvi
sbor, zejm. chr6movy; tanedni
T abound in, with st oplyvat nddim extinction zaniknuti. z6nik, vyhynuti;
skupina
irin- uhaSeni, vyhasnuti
aisle Iarl] bodni, vedlejSi lod'chr6mu; clubland mEstsk6 d6st, v niZ jsou
)u ambit; ulidka mezi sedadly kluby, zejm. v Londjnd falconry sokolnictvi
altar ['cllto] oltdf cobbf ed vyd ldZddnlikulatj'mi dlaleb- fan vaulting v€jiiov6 klenba
hu
altarpiece oltiiini obraz nimi kostkami (tzv. kodidi hlavy) fascination pfivab, kouzio
Cu
ancient ['ernJant] starobylj; stary;, cobblestone dlai.ebni kostka, kodidi fencing Sermov6ni, Serm
letitli; starovEkf hlava Florence ['fl orans.l Florencie
announce oznirmit colonnade [,ko1e'nerd] kolon6da; flying buttress ['b,r.tres] opdrnf
appreciate st oceiovat; uvddomovat strorloiadi oblouk s opdrnlim piliiem, oblou-
si n6co, bit si vCdom nddeho column ['kolem] sloup kovli pilii
arboretum [,a:be'ri:tem,,abe'rirtem compound smds, sloZeni; spojeni font kititelnice, kropenka
] arboreturn conducted tour prohlidka pamCtihod- footpath stezka, pdiina
archaeological archeologickj nosti s prfrvodcem fortifications opevndni
armour ['o:ma] bmdni, pancii, confessional zpovddnice fossil zkamendlina, fosilie
krunyi conquer st, sb ['koqke] piemoci, founder zakladatel
Art Nouveau [o: nur'veu] secese zvitCzit nad, podrobit si, dobft ndco,
fountain fontdna; ka5na; vodotrysk
n6koho
1r6ha, astronomical clock orloj
fresco freska
attractiveness privab; piitaZl ivost consecrated vysvdceny
fun races zdbavne zavody. soute2e
; nedo- aurochs ['crroks] pratur convent Zenskli kl65ter
sil Georgian ['d3crd5en,'d3c:d3j en]
banishment vypovdzeni do vyhnanstvi
courier ['kurie] privodce zahrani(ni
georgi6nskf
skupiny turistfi; kuryir
bank bieh gondolas gondoly
courtyard dvir niidvoii, dvorek
baptize [,brep'taiz] kitit, pokitit Gothic ['goOrk] gotickf; gotika
cross kiiZ
Baroque [be'rok] barokni, barokovj grove hdj. hdjek. lesikl skupina
zdddnd crucifi x ['krursrfiks] krucifix, kiiZ
basilica Ibe'zrhke] bazilika stromfr
crypt krypta, podzemni hrobka
bastion ['brstien] baita guide prrivodce; vedouci z|jezdu
cultural heritage kulturni dddictvi
battleground bojiStd gunsmith pu5kai, zbrojii; vyrobce
)ara- date back to / from poch6zet z (doby) zbrani
battlement cimbuii
dedicated to st, sb vdnovanli nddemu, haunt [hc:nt] stra5it (kde); pron6sle-
Beijing [ber'd3r4] Peking n6kornu dovat, znepokojovat
belfry ['belfri] zvonice demolished zbourdn, strZen heat horko, vedro
bell zvon, zvonek desensitisation Idi,sensrtar'zerJn] heraldry heraldika; slavnostni
fA.
besiege fbr'si:d5] obl6hat irnava, nez6jem pii prohliZeni pam6- historick6 pompa; erby; piedbdZnd
bishopric biskupstvi. diecezc tek; znecitlivdni, sniZeni citlivosti publicita
breathtaking ['bre0,terkl4 ] ulasny destroyed zni&ny highlands vysoiina. r rchor ina
lsi na ;
berouci dech disaster neStesti hill-fort pevnost s ochrannymi valy
burn down vyhoiet, shoiet, lehnout dome kupole, klenba a piikopy na vrcholu kopce
popelem; vypillit drawbridge padaci most, zvedaci historic [hr'stonk] historickf, epo-
;teni
Cairo [karreu] Krihira most chdlni, ddjinnf
candlestick svicen drop in at (a place) zastavit se historical re-enactment Ihr'stonkel]
castle z6mek; hrad v (n6kde) zntnomEni historickf ch ud6losti
drop in on sb zastavit se u nEkoho v dobovlich kostlTrnech (napi. Bitva
catacombs ['keteku:mz] katakornby; u Slavkova)
podzemni pohiebiStd dungeon Zal6i, hradni kobka; hlavni
hradni vdZ holy ['heuli] svatj, posvdtny; zbolny
cathedral Ike'0i:dral] katedriila,
dom, chr6,m eagle-eyed bystrozrakf impregnable fortress nedobytn6
pevnost
cave jeskynd earldom Is:ldam] titul, panstvi
hrab€te in the rear of st v zadni dristi nddeho
certainty jistota
early rany incfusion ofst zahrnuti, zaiazeni
chalet ['Jreler] horskii chata nddeho
chancel ['tJo:nscl j oltdmi prostor. embrasure Irm'brerSe] vjklenek
joust [d3aust] ryt(iskf turnaj
zpravidla odddlenf miiikou, knd- u okna, dveii; stiilna
ZlSIC Empire empfr (sloh) karst (the Moravian Karst) kras
(Moravsky kras)
chasm ['krezm] propast. rokle, strZ enhanced by st umocndn, zesilen
nddim knight fnart] rytii
. VOCABULARY. 267
SIGHTSEEING
lace-making vlroba krajek pulpit ['pulprt] kazatelna theme park ['0i:m] turistickd atrakce TRAV
late pozdni range from... through,.. to st sahat v piirodd, napi. skanzen, Disney- acceler:
lodge (loveckd) chata od... pies... aZ k... ndden.ru land...
acceler:
lookout tower rozhledna, vyhlidkovii rapids peieje. slapy through pies, skrz
accesso
vE2 rebuilt piestavdnj tilting ryrifskd tumaje s dievci
accomn
mammoth mamut reference library piirudni knihovna tiredness rinava
aileron
mansion velk! obytnj dtrm, panske (pouze prezendni) tomb [turm] hrob, hrobka; niihrobek nSich 1
sidlo. z6mek Regency ['ri:d3ensi] sloh zaddtku tourist fatigue ['tuerrst, 'tc;-, airborn
medi(a)eval stiedovdky 19. stol. v Britrinii odpovidajici em- 'turrst fe'tirg] irnava zprisoben6 tadle;
piru v Evropd (princ regent, George piiliS ndrodnfm programem pii
memorial pam6tnik, pomnik IV, vl6dl v letech 1811-20) airbus z
pozndvacich cestAch
merely pouze, jenom regret st litovat nddeho aircraft
tourisl informalion infbrmace, turis-
moat vodni piikop. hradni piikop reliance jistota; dfivdra. spolehnuti tickd inlbrmaini kanceldi airliner
monastery mu2skli k l6Ster pravid
relic ['relrk] pam6tka, pozfrstatek tournament ['toanamant,'tc:-]
monument pam6tnik tumaj, kl5ni airsick I
remarkable pozorr,rhodny, nevSedni

narrow uzk! tower vdZ; baSta aisle [ar
Renaissance Ire'nerso:ns,
nave [nerv] hlavni (stiedni) lod' re'nersens] renesance transept ['trensept,'tro:n-] transept, alien ['e
chrdmu piidn6 lod'kostela niini
resent st nesn65et ndco
Neo-Renaissance [,ni:eu ro'nerso:ns, tribute to sb uctdni ndkoho announ
rich in st bohaty na ndco prohki
re'nersans] novorenesandni; novo- Tudor tudorsk!, tudorovsky; Tudor,
Rococo rokokovf; rokoko Armco
Tudorovec I
Jil;i::."gotickj., novogoricky Romanesque [,reumo'nesk] rom6n-

twisty klikat!, kiivolak jr, zat5.&jici automol
skf; romdnsky styl auto(n
niche [ni:J, nrtJ] vjklenek, nika under reconstruction v rekonstrukci
rotunda [reu'tzrnde] rotunda back up
nunnery ['na,neri] (lit) kld5ter (Zen- unique jedinednj
ski) ruins trosky, ziicenina backpa<
uplands vysodina, vrchovina
objective cil; pldn; fkol scarf, pl. scarves Sdtek; 56la vatsb
sculpture ['sk.tlptJe] socha
vault klenba, klenuti; hrobka, krypta
overload pietiZeni battery
vehemently siln6, prudce, dfiraznd
package tour / holiday turistick! sculptural group sousoSi bellhop
Venice Ben6tky pikolil
zAjezd s programem, jehoZ cena settlement osada, sidliStd
zahrnuje v5e ventilation vetreni, ventilace bench la
shell kostra domu, vndjSi zdi, skoie-
palace ['prehs] pal6c pina vestry sakristie bend (G
palisade [,paelr'serd] palis6da, ohrada shrine schr6nka s ostatky; hrob via [vare, 'vi:e] pies, skrz bendy b
z kfilfr nebo Zeleznfch tydi svetce; svatynd Victorian viktori6nsky autobu
panorama vyhlidka, rozhled do kra- sort out roztiidit visit, visitor to n6vStdva. n6vStevnik berth ['t
jiny, panor6ma spa ldznd s lecir lirni pramenyl Ir-rine- (deho) j
bicycle
paperweight tdZitko r6lni pramen, lddivf pramen watchtower str62ni v d2, pozorova- bigotry
Paris PaiiZ spire Spidatd vEL, zuLujici se kostelni telna zbo2n<
parish famost veTl Spiika kostelni veZe waterfall vodop6d bivouacl
parkland rozlehly park stained glass vitr6Z (barevnd sklo winding klikatli, kiivolakli, zat|&jici board st
v oknech kostela)
pass prfismyk, soutdska, [Zina woodcarver Iwud'korve] iezb6i boat dlui
start at st zadit n6kde
passers-by kolemjdouci zoo lzu:, zuf zoo, zoologick6 zahrada bonnet (
statue socha
pensioner dfi chodce. penzista boot (GI
stay over in... zristat pies noc v... kufr
pew [pju:] kostelni lavice
steeple vdZ; kostelni vdZ ; vysokd bow [ba
pipers dudiici 5tihl6 vEZidka; Spidka na vEZi
plague column ['plerg 'kolem] mo- brake br
stop over in... zastavit se (na noc) v...
rovy sloup brake lir
swarming with st blt plnli nddeho;
porch krytj vchod, piistie3ek; hemZici se nddim breakdo
veranda
sword Isc:d] med; Savle; dyika breathal
portcullis [,pc:t'k,rhs] padaci miiZ (na zkr
take sb round provdst ndkoho
predict piedv(dat bridge ('
lelevised vysildrn v teler izi tek (ve
priory ['prareri] pievorstvi (kkister)
temper povaha; duievni rozpoloZeni; kormic
priority priorita podr6Zddnost, rozdileni, zlost, vztek
briel'casr
prosper prosperovat, vdst si dobie the Highlands Skotsk6 vysodina brochur
Protestant protestant; protestantsky theatre ['0rete] divadlo ur] brc
provide with st opatiit nddim

TRAVEL
Itrakce TRAVEL broken line pieruSovand ddra contraflow docasne pievedeni do-
tey- bumper n6raznik (u automobilu) pravy do protdiSihojizdniho pruhu
accelerate zrychlit. zvisit rychlost
accelerator pedril plynu v autd bunk (bed) patrove lfriko corridor chodba; letecky koriclor
accessories dophiky; piisl uSenstvi cabin (US) chata; bouda. chy5e couchette [ku:'Jct, ku'Jct] lehritko
(r,e vlaku)
accommodation ubytor irri caboose (US) [ke'bu:s] sluZebni virz
(vlakLr); lodni kLrchynd crane (on the quay) [ki:]jcir'rb (na
aileron ['erlaron] kiidelko na nos- piistavni hriizi)
robek nlich plochich letadla campsite tdbofiStC, kenrp, autokenrp
crossroads (GB) kiiZovatka; rozcesti
airborne ['eebo:n] ve vzduchu. v le- canoe Iko'nu:] kiinoe
lna tadle: rozndSenli vzdr"rchem
cruise liner. cruise ship v!'letni lod'
captain ['kreptrn. -ton] hlavni pilot;
)n
airbus airbus (velke dopravni letadlo) kapitiin cruise [kru:z] vyletni plavba lodi
(z mista na misto)
aircraft le'tadlo. ctadla
I car (GB) vagon. Zeleznidni vfrzl auto
. turis- curb (US) [k::b] obrubnik; okraj
airliner dopravni letadlo (leitajici na caravan 1GB) ['kerevren] obytnli
chodniku
plavidelne lince) piivds
.l curve (US) [ka:v] zatridka
airsick trpfci nevolrrosti v letadle cargo ship ['ko:gco] nrikladni lod'
decelerate zponralit, sniZit rychlost
aisle [arl] ulidka mezi sedadly carriagc (GB) osobni 2eleznidni
vagon deck paluba
ânsept alien ['erlrcn,'erljcn] cizi. zahra-
nidni, odtiSnl;'; cizinec; vetielec chain ietez delayed zpolddny
announcement ozndmeni; hl65eni; chalet (GB) ['Jele r] horsk6 chata; derrick (on the ship) otocny jer'rib
salaS. horskd boLrda (na lodi)
prohlii5eni
ndor.
Armco (GB) svodidlo chambcrmaid pokojsklr destination misto urdeni, cil ccsty
automobile (US) ['c:tame,bi:l change down zaiadit nizif rychlostnf DETOUR (US) [rdi:tuo, 'di:tur]
ejici J
auto(rnobil) stuperi, podiadit objiZd'ka
ilrukci diner (US) ['darna] jidelni vfrz; malii
back up (US) couvat, jct zp6teakou change up zaiadit vy55f rychlostni
stupei levne restaurace
backpack (US) batoh. ruksak; cesto-
batohem change up or don'n iadit nahorr"r nebo disembark (US) [,drsrm'bo:k]
'n,at s
irypta doltr r"ylodit se; vystoupit z dopravniho
batterr' l'hrtt c tril balclic prostiedku
:Znd charter proniijenr lodi nebo letadla
bcllhop (US) hotelovlt posiidek; DIVERSION. (GB)
pikolik check in piihldsit se pii piichodu
(v hotclu, na letisti) Idar'va:Jen, dr'v::r-] odklondni
bench lavidka. sediitko dopravy. obji2d'ka
check out odejit a zaplatit (v super-
bend (GB) zat{eka diverted to... [dar'va:tid, dr'va:r'tid]
markctrr, v hotelu)
bendy bus housenka; kloubovy (letadlo) odklondno na (ini mf sto
checklist iplny seznanr piist6nf)
autobus
choke [tJauk] sytid karbur6tonr dock dok. nrolo
dvnik berth ['ba:O]lfr2ko (na lodi. ve vlaku)
bicl'cle jizdni kolo
climb Iklarrn] ldzt; stoupat dock at... leZet v piistavu. u piistavni
clover-leaf j unction hrAze; zajet do doku
lva- bigotry ['brgctri] bigotnost; piehnanf
zbo2nosl ['kleuvoli:f 'd5.r4kJcn] mimoirrov- domestic flight vnitrostdtni lct
iiovd kir2ovatka
bivouacking ['br vr"rrckr11] bivakovdni doorman vrdtny v hotelu (r' livreji)
clutch Ikl,rtJ] spojka drive-in (US) rcstaurace. kino. banka.
dcej ici board stravovdnf I paluba
coach IkeutJ] drilkovli autobus, auto- prodejna urdenii pro motoristy, ktc-fi
boat dlun kar; vagon, Zeleznidni vfiz (CB) zfrstanou sedet ve vozidle
rahrada bonnet (GB) kapota cockpit kabina pilota. sedadlo iidide driveway soukromii piijezdold cesta
boot (GB) z.avazadlovy prostor v autd, come across st, sb narazil na ndco. k domu
kufr nEkoho duty-free osvobozeny ocl cla. bezcelni
bow [bau] piid', piedni d6st lodi commissionaire Ike,rn rJa' nea] economical hospoddrny. usponr!
brake brzda vrdtni hotelu, kina. barul portyr embarkation nalodeni. nalo2eni;
brake liquid / fluid brzdovii kapalina commute [ke'rnju:t] dojiZddt pravi- vstr,rp do lodi. letadla
brcakdown porucha, def'ekt. havdrie delnd do prrice
embassy velvyslanectvi, ambasdda
breathalyser ['bre0elarza j bal<inek commuter dlovdk pravidelnC doj iZdd- engine lokomotiva; lrotor
jici do prdce
(na zkouSku alkoholu v krvi) exceed Irkrsi:d] piekonat. picsiihnout,
bridge (where the helm is) rnirs- compartment kupd piekrodit
tek (velitelske stanoviStd. kde.je condenser kondenzdtor
exit ['eksrt, 'cgzrt] vjchod; vyjezd
kormidlo) conductor pr0voddi z ddlnicel vyjezd ze zemd
briefcase aktovka; kufiik congested I ken'd3est rdl zacpany; fare If-ea] jizdne
brochure ['breuJe, brculjue, brou'J piehuStdnli; pieplndnf
fatal to str osudnli pro ndkolro
ur] broZura, reklarnni let6k consulate ['konsjulet] konzuldt
fender (US) n6raznik (u automobilu)
. VOCABULARY. 269
TRAVEL
ferry (boat) pievoz, trajekt high season hlavni sez6na license plate (US) stritni pozn6vaci penkni
fill up (US) nabit (baterii) highway silnice; ddlnice, rychlostni zna(ka,SPZ pentho
first-aid kit pifrudni ldk6midka komunikace lifeboat ziichrannll' dlun stiect
fl ap starlovaci, piistiivaci klapka hijack piepadnout a undst (dasto pod liftboy hotelovli poslidek pickup
kiidla hrozbou zabiti rukojmi) limousine l,l rmo'zilnl limuzina viz; r
flyover nadjezd hike chodit na pd5i viilety, pdstovat liner pravidelny (zaocednsky) pamik; pileup r
turistiku pravidelnd dopravni letadlo pilot pi

flysheet tropiko (tropickri stiecha
stanu) hitchhike stopovat; jezdit (auto)sto- Iollipop lady man (GB) osoba piev6- pitch hr
pem ddjici ddti pies ulici
Ibglights svdtla do mlhy; mlhovky platfon
hitchhiker stopai look out onto mit vyhled na (pokoj)
footpump noZni hustilka plug za
hold n6kladovy prostor (v lodi, lorry (GB) n6kladni auto
fork rozdvojeni cest, rozcesti
v letadle) pole tyt
fork junction kiiZovatka ve tvaru Y lounge [aund3] hala; spoledenskil pollutic
holdall velk6 cestovni taika, objernn6 mistnost
freeway d6lnice kabela port pii
maintenance udrZov6ni, irdrZba
freight train (US) [frert] nrikladni hood (US) kapota, kryt motoru porter r
vlak mallet ['mrelrt] dievdnri palidka
horn klakson, houkadka (napi. k zatlouk6ni stanovych porthol
funnel ['f,ual] komin (lodi, lokomo- hostage l'hostrdg] rukojmi v bokr
kolikir)
tivy, ...;
hovercraft ['hovakro:ft ] vzn65edlo, manager ieditel, manaZer pothole
fuselage ['lu:zalo:5] trup letadla
vzn6Sedlovd lod' mast steZefi, stoZiir prejudi
gangplank ['gre4plre4k] mfrstek na piedpr
hug sevieni v n6rudi, objeti; objimat Mediterranean (the)
lod'
hull trup lodi, letadla; korba tanku; pull aw
gangway chodbidka, ulidka; mlistek [medite'rernien] Stiedozemi; Stie-
kostra bal6nu dozemni moie pull ove
na lod'
hut chata, bouda mirror zrcadlo pup ten
garage (GB) [ge'rc:3, 'garo:3, 'grer
id3] sen is. autourobilovd oprar na. hydrofoil | 'haldreofrrll kridloi j motel [mou'tel] motel purser I
dilna; deryacf stanice se servisem; dlun, moiskii raketa motorcycle motocykl pushbil
gar62 igloo tent samonosnli stan (ve tvaru motorway (GB) d6lnice put on t
gas (US) benzin, pohonn6 hmota; iglt)
mudguard blatnik quay (si
plynovy ped6l; plyn immigration pii stdhovalectvi, imi- (umdlr
grace multipfe crash hromadnA sr62ka
get into a slide / skid dostat smyk
notice ozn6meni, vyhl6Ska; upozor- rail kole
glass-calm velmi klidne moie bez vln indicate oznaiovat, d6vat znameni,
signalizovat ndni, varov6ni, v1i'straha raingea.
(jako sklo)
indicator (GB) ukazatel sm6ru, blinkr numberplate (GB) st6tni pozndvaci reckless
goods train (GB) n6kladni vlak znadka (automobilu)
inebriated Ir'ni:briertrd,r'nibri,ertrd] registra
grease namazat; usnadnit, ulehdit,
(formal ) opilli oblique [eu'blirk] lomitko zna(kt
napomoci
insurance pojiStdni odometer (US ) [ct-r'domrta] poditad request
greasy spoon (coll) putyka
mil (kilometrfi) rescue b
gridlock dopravni z6cpa (vozidla se intersection (US) kiiiovatka
off-season mimo sezonu reserve(
nemohou hnout z mista) interstate (US) ddlnice
overcharged pieti2eny; piedraZenj return t
groundsheet samostatn6 nepromo- intoxicated (formal) pod vlivem
overdrive zrychlujici pievod v auto- jizdenl
kav6 podl6Zka (stanu) alkoholu, opilli
mobilu reverse
guard (GB) prrivoddi intrusive dotErn!, neodbytn!; ruSivf
overheat (in heavy traffic) piehi6t se rigging
gutter strouha, Skarpa jack zveddk, hever (v silndm provozu oplach
handlebars iiditka junction kii2ovatka overlook st s vj'hledem na (pokoj) road (G;
harbor (US), harbour (GB) piirodni kerb (GB) obrubnik, okraj cliodniku overpass piechod; nadjezd
piistav roadsidr
label oznadit niilepkou, oznadit; overtake (GB) piedjet, piedjiZdCt silnici,
hatchback auto s dviiky kufru ote- n6lepka
virajicimi se nahoru a s prostorem pannier ['prenio] velk6 sedlov6 rollhoul
land piist6t braSna motocyklu osy
kufiu neoddElenym pevnou piep62-
kou od prostoru pro cestujici Ianguish ['lirqgwrJ] ochabnout; nyt, pass (US) piedjet, piedjiZdEt roof stie
melancholicky se divat
haze opar; lehk6 mlha passenger train osobni vlak roof-rac
launch vyhlidkovy motorovy dlun; 5e auta
headlights piedni svdtla, reflektory zahitlit passport cestovni pas
heavy traffic silnj' silnidni provoz pavement (GB) chodnik RORO (
lay-by tGB) roz3iiend krajnice pro nriklad
(heli)copter vrtulnik, helikopt6ra nouzov6 parkov6ni; odstavn6 plo- pavement (US) vozovka, jizdni drdha
doprav
helm (steering wheel) kormidlo, cha; odpodivadlo pedals ped6ly (auto n
konnidelni p6ka layover pieruSeni jizdy, piest6vka na pelican crossing ['pehkan] piechod rotor ['r
helmsman muZ u kormidla, kormi- ceste se signalizaci a tladitky pro chodce vrtulni
delnik licence povoleni, opriivndni, licence

TRAVEL
vacl penknife viceirdelovli kapesni nfiZ round-trip ticket (US) zp|retni subway (GB) podchod
penthouse luxusni ubytov6ni pod listek, jizdenka subway (US) podzemni dlriha
stiechou; n6stavba; atelidrovj byt rucksack (GB) ['r,r.ksrek] batoh, suitcase kufr
pickup maly otevienj dod6vkovy ruksak
suite Iswi:t] apartmd (v hotelu)
a viz; rnald ndkladni auto rudder ['r.tde] kormidlo; smdrovka
sunroof posuvn6 stiecha
lamik; pileup (GB) ietdzovd srdZka vozidel ruins trosky, ziicenina
superstructure n6stavba
pilot pilot; lodivod; kormidelnik run over sb srazit ndkoho, piejet
ndkoho swimwear plavecke oblecerri
P'"'* pitch houpat se (o lodi) z piid1 na zid'
saddle sedlo, sedritko; osedlat T-junction kiiZovatka ve tvaru T
platform n6stupiStd
okoj) sail plavit se; plachtit; plachta tachometer (US1 otdikornir
plug zapalovaci svidka
seasick trpici moiskou nemoci tailgate sb (US)jet v z|vdsu za
pole tyd ndkym
rsk6 pollution znediStCni seat sedlo, sedadlo (u dvoustoplich
vozidel) taillight (US) koncov6 (brzdovd)
port piistav; levobok svdtlo
a self-catering s vlastnim stravoviinim
porter nosid; vr6tny take offvzldtnout, odstartovat, vmest se
a semi n6vds
porthole (window) kruhovll' otvor tandem sedadla za sebou
v boku lodi, letadla (okdnko) sit facing the engine / backwards
seddt po / proti smEru jizdy
tentpeg stanovj kolik
potholer jeskyi6i, speleolog tire (US) pneumatika
sharp bend (GB), curve (US) ostr6
prejudice piedsudek, zaujatost, zat6(ka toilet articles toaletni potieby
piedpojatost
sheet plachta tollroad (GB) ['teulreud] tollway
i Stie- pull away odtdhnout (US) silnice, na niZ se vybirii m5ito,
ship lod'
pull over zastavit u krajnice poplatek
shuttle kyvadlov6 doprava; raketo-
pup tent pochodovi stan pl6n toolkit bra5na na n6iadi; souprava
purser lodni hospod6i, pokladnik n6iadi
sidewalk (US) chodnik
pushbike (GB) jizdni kolo touch down piistrit; piistrini
skid smyk; dostat srnyk
put on the brake brzdit towbar ['teubo:l tazna tyd
sleeper I
quay (side) ['kir(sard)] nfrbiei|' towel rudnik, osu5ka
slippery road kluzki vozovka
(umdld) pffstaviSte towin g z6vEsnd zaiizeni
ia smuggle pa5ovat
)zor-
rail kolejnice, kolej trailer piivds
solid line pln6 d6ra
raingear obledeni do deSte travel light cestovat na lehko (bez
spaghetti junction Ispo'geti] sloZit! zavazadel)
ivaci reckless bezohl ednii, nezodpovEdny systenr mimoiroviiovych kiiZovatek
registration number st6tni pozn6vaci trek pdstovat pdii turistiku v piirocld
spares ndhradni dily
znadka, SPZ truck (US) n6kladni auto
speed zrychlit; rychlost
rtitad request stop zastdvka na znameni trunk road hlavni silnice
speed limit povolend rychlost
rescue boat zdchranny dlun trunk (US) kufr, zavazadlov! prostor
speed up zrychlit, zv5iSit rychlost
reserved rezervovany; zamluveny tube (the) (GB) metro, podzernni
teny speedin g piekradov6n i povolend d16rha
return ticket (GB) zp6tedni listek, rychlosti
auto- jizdenka tug vlednii lod', remorker; vledni
speedometer Ispi :'dornrte] rychlo- letadlo; vlednd lano
reverse (GB) couvat mCr, tachometr
hi6t se rigging ['rrglq] vystroj lodi; lanovi; turbulence ['ta:bjolens] turbulence.
spokes hvdzdicovd dr6ty jizdniho kola viiivost; neklid, vzruSeni
oplachtovdni; pifprava lodi k plavbd
roi) spotlight reflektor (kuZelovli); ostrd turnpike (US) ddlnice. na niZ se plati
road (GB) cesta, silnice svdtlo poplatek
roadside restaurant restaurace pii
staff zamdstnanci, pracovnici, per- twisting country lane klikat6 ven-
1eI silnici, motorest son6l kovsk6 cesta
1 roll houpat se (o lodi) kolem poddlnd standpoint stanovisko, hledisko
osy underground (the) (GB) metro.
stateroom luxusni soukromd kajuta; podzemni drdha
roof stiecha vliidni sal6nek na n{draLi underpass (US) podjezd, podchod
roof-rack nosid, zahrddka na stfe- steering wheel volant; kormidlo
Se auta under the influence ofpod vlivem
stern zadni d6st lodi, zrid' unexpectedly neodek6vane
RORO (roll on, roll off) ['reureu]
n6kladni lod'nebo trajekt pro steward stevard van dod6vka; n6kladni vagon
i drdha dopravu n6kladnich aut s n6klady stewardess letuSka vehicle vozidlo; dopravni prostiedek
(auto najede a sjede) stickshift (US) iadici p6ka vending machine prodejni automat
:chod rotor ['reute] rotor; nosn6 vfiule stop zast6vka, pieru5eni cesty; za-
rodce vrtulniku verge on st [va:d3] hranidit s nddim;
st6rvka, stanice blit na pokraji nddeho
. VOCABULARY. 271
FARMING
vessel I'vesol] plavidlo. lod'; letadlo, FARMING famine ['fzemrn] hladomor, hlad kennel,
vzducholod'; n6doba farm-labourer zemEddlskli ddlnik kid kriz
abyssal Ie'brsl] hlubinny
view of vlihled na farmer sedl6k, hospodii, f'arm6i, kitten I
allotment parcela; pozemek
voyage ['vcrrdS] cesta, plavba zerndddlec ladder
arable land orn6 prida
wagon Zeleznidni virz, vagon (US); farmhouse farma, statek lamb ['
baler balikovad sl6rny
otevieny n6kladni vagon (GB); I'armyard dvfir statku
dod6vkovj viz, dod6vka, stejSn, bark Stdkat; 5t6kot; kfira stromu lay eggr
kornbi barley jedrnen feed krmit leachin
wagon-lit spaci virz, hiZkovli viz barn stodola I'erret fretka leaf, pl.
walk (in the hills, etc.) jit, chodit (po battery farming chov drfibeZe fertile ['f-e:tarl,'fstel] rlrodnS;, plodn! leak do
horrich atd.)
bee vdela
fert if isers l' fz:ularzazl hno.j iva livestoc
windscreen wipers stErade billy-goat kozel field pole loose br
windscreen (GB) piedni sklo motoro- bitch f'ena; potvora, mrcha filly ['fili] mlad6 klisna lorry ((
vdho vozidla foal [feul] hribd
bleat bedet, medet (ovce, koza) (machir
windshield (US) piedni sklo rnotoro- foreman mistr, pied6k
veho vozidla boar divod6k, kanec maize (i
bray hlkat lbrest les manor

wing kiidlo; blatnik auta I
breeding pEstov6ni, chov; rozmno- fowl drubeZ; slepice; kuie mare kl

yacht Iot] jachta
YrELD (US) Lji:ldl DEJ PRED- Zovini free-range eggs vejce od slepic z vol- meadov
neho vybdhu
NOST V JIZDE bull bfk miaow
bullock (GB) vnl, vykleStdnj bfk frogZi}a mioul
I
buzz fbr,zf bzui.et gander ['ganda] houser mistrea

cage klec
gelding ['geldrrl] valach monocu
goose, pl. geese husa
calf, pl. calves tele mouse,
carcass ['ko:kes] mr5ina, zdechlina gosling ['gozh4] house mow sel
castrated vykastrovan j grain zrno, zrni, obili, p5enice (US) muck or
cattle dobytek, skot grain elevator (US) silo, sfpka mucksp

grapes hrozny hnnie
champion piebomik, mistr, vitdz
graze past se mulchin
chicken coop kurnik
gr azing pastvina, pastvisko nanny-g
chirp ItJs:p] Svitoiit, cvrlikat
clean up (US) vykydat, vydistit (st6j groundwater spodni voda neigh [n
apod.) grunt chrochtat, vreet, brudet nitrates
cluck kvokat, kddkat (slepice) hare zajic oats ove
cock(erel) (GB) kohoutek, rnladl; harmful Skodlivj orchard
kohout harrow brdny overpro
colt fkeult] hiibd, hiebedek harvest Znd, uroda; sklizet irrodu dukce
contaminateIkenrtaemlnelt] zneeiS- hay seno ox, pl. o
t'ovat, znedistit paddocl
haystack kupka sena
coop kurnik, klec pro drubeZ parasite
he-goat kozel
corn obili pasture
hee-haw hfkat
corn (US) kukuiice pathwal
heifer ['hefel jalovice
cornfield obilnd, kukuiidne pole cemu)
henhouse kumik
cow krdva pellets _u
hiss sydet
cowman kovboj; rander (US) pear tre'
hog (US) prase, vepi
cowshed kravin, chlev pesticidr
hoot houkat; hudet stiedel
cricket cvriek
hops chrnel pests Ski
croak sKehotat; kr6kat; kv6kat
hormones hormony pick sbir
destructive nidivj, destmktivni
horse kfri pig prase
domesticated ochodenli, zdom6cndl j
horseshoe podkova pigsty pr
donkey [do4ki] osel
hum hudet; bzudet; vrdet; broukat si pigeon h
drake kader
hutch kr6lik6rna, kotec piglet se
duck kachna
illegal nezdkonny. nelegdlni plough (
duckling k6Ldrltko
irrigation zavlaiov 6ni plumage
ewe Iur] ovce

FARMING
d kennel, doghouse (US) psi bouda pony ponik subsidy, subsidize dotace; dotovat
lik kid kfiz1e; ditd potato brambor tomcat kocour
r, kitten kotC poultry drribeZ top-dressing svrchni hnojeni, hnojeni
purr [pa:] piist na list
ladder Zebiik
pussy(cat) kodka, iida topsoil horni vrstva pfidy, ornrce
lamb ['lrem] jehnd
lay eggs snd5et, kliist vejce quack [kwekl kdchat. kvdkat (ka- tractor traktor
leaching vyluhovdni cena) turnip tuiin, vodnice
leaf, pl. leaves list, listek quest for st p6trAni po nddern, hleddni twitter Svitoiit, StEbetat, cvrlikat
rlodny rake hr6bd; hrabat, uhrabat vine Ivarn] vinn6 rdva; popinav6
leak down prosakovat
ram beran rostlina
t livestock dobytek
reap Lit, Znout, kosit, sklizet vinegar ['vrnlga] ocet (vinnj)
loose box st6ni pro konE
recklessly bezohlednd vineyard l'r rnjc:d. -jcd] vinice
lorry (GB) n6kladni auto
recklessness bezohlednost
vixen liika (samice)
(machine)-milk doj it (strojovd)
rooster (US) kohout watchdog hlidaci pes
maize (GB) kukuiice
roots koieny wetland mokiina, baZina, Inoiiil
manor panske sidlo, z6rnedek
runoff deSt'ov6 voda, zvl. piivalovii wheat p5enice
mare klisna
vymjvajici Ziviny whine kiudet, kiourat
z vol- meadow ['medeu] louka
rye Zito whin ny zar26t, zai ehtat (radostnd)
miaow [,mi:'au] miau; miioukat;
salivation ['saLveIJen] slindni yap iiafat, bafnout, Stdkat
miouk6ni
mistreat Spatnd zachezet, tirat scattering rozptylov6ni
monoculture monokultura scythe Isar6] kosa
mouse, pl. mice myS seedbed z6hon piipravenli k seti;

semeniStd
mow sekat, Znout, kosit
(US)
seep down prosakovat
muck out (GB) vykydat, vydistit
she-cat kodka
L
muckspreading hnojeni, rozhazov ini
hnoje she-goat koza
mulching muldov6ni shear sheep stiihat ovce
nanny-goat koza sheep, pl. sheep ovce
neigh [ner] rZ6t shortage of st nedostatek nddeho
nitrates Inartrarts] dusidnany, nitridy silo (GB) ['sarloo] silo
oats oves sing zpivat, cvrlikat
orchard ['c:tJed] sad sla u ghter p or 6Lka; zabiti

overproduction nadvyroba, nadpro- slau ghtered zabity, poraienf (doby-
dukce tek)
lu
ox, pl. oxen vfil snake had
paddock vlibdh pro kond; padok soil ptda, zem; zeml

parasite ['peresart] parazit, piiZivnik sow Isau] svin6, prasnice
pasture pastvina sow seeds Iseo] sit, zasit semena
pathway cesta, chodnik; cesta (k nd- squawk Iskwc:k] skiehotat, vieitdt

(pt6k)
cemu)
pellets granule, pelety squeak kvidet, piStdt
pear tree [pee] hruSen squeal Iskwi:l] iidet, vie5tdt

pesticide ['pestrsard] pesticid, pro- stable st6j
stiedek k hubeni hmyzu stack stoh; kupka
pests Skridci stallion hiebec
pick sbirat, trhat (kv€tiny, ovoce) steer (US) mladli vtil, blidek
pig prase, vepi store skladovat
pigsty prasedi chlivek straw sldma
rkat si pigeon holub stubble ['st,rbl] strniStd, stmisko
piglet sele (pole i vousy)
plough (GB) [plau] pluh; orat stud hiebec (pien. sexu6lnd aktivni
jedinec)
plumage ['plu:mrd3] opeieni, pera
sty chliv, chlivek
. VOCABULARY. 273
CLIMATE
CLIMATE extreme extrdmni; nejvy5Si stupei, mist lehkd mlha, opar snowstl
mira misty mlhavo soaked
aerosol aerosol
filtration fi ltrov6ni, fi ltrace nitrous oxides ['nartras'oksardz] squall
albedo Iel'bi:deu] albedo (mnoZstvi r
slunedniho svdtla odr6Zejici se zpEt fleecy pokrytSi ber6nky oxidy dusiku steady I
do vesrnfru) flood potopa, zirylava, povodei; moderate ['moderet] mirnl; storm t

anemometer vdtromer, anemometr zaplavit moist vlhky, provlhlf, mimd mokry;; storm o
April showers dubnovd pieh6nky flooded zaplavenli de5tivli ndkan
arid ['errd] suchli, vyprahlj; sucho- flurry of snow n6h16 rnetelice, piival nimbus ['nrmbes] nimbus (de5t'ovj' stratosl
pdmy, nez62ivny sndhu oblak)
stratus
asterisk hvdzdidka (*, grafick6 znadka) flying ldt6ni, cestovdni letadlem outlook for... piedpov6d' na... oblakr
authorities fiady foggy mihavf; mlhavo overcast zatazeno sultry I
avalanche ['eve,1o:nJ] lavina, piival fossil fuel fosilni palivo (uhli, ropa, overflowing pietedeni, vyliti sulphur
zemni plyn) oxygen kyslik
barometer tlakomdq barometr ['s,tlfl
freezing point bod mrazu packed snow nafoukany, ztvrdlf, sun-stn
beat down pra2it, pr{t (slunce); lit
(ddsf) frosty mrazivy, ledovli, ledov6 udusany snih sunburr
studenj plague [plerg] suZovat, triipit
blizzard blizard (sndhov6 bouie) suntan r
get sunburned / sunburnt sp6lit se prompts n6povEda

blow lbukat; siln! vitr swollen
na slunci
blustery (day) bouilivj, vdtrny (den) pour [pc:] 1it, prudce pr5et; nalit, tailwinc
ghastly [' go:stli] stra5nf, hroznf, nasypat
boiling Zhavy. horky piiSem! smeru
powdery snow prachov! snih tempen
breeze v6nek, vdtifk; vdt glare ostrd slunedni svdtlo, prudkd
slunce
rainbow duha tempest
breezy svdZi
globe zerndkoule, gl6bus, koule raindrop deSt'ov6 kapka thawing
brolly (GB) paraple, de5tnik
gravify pii ta2livost, zen'skit ti\e rainstorm bouie doprov6zenri lij6kem thermor
burst pipes praskld potrubi
greenhouse effect sklenikov! efekt rainy deStivyi threat Il
CFCs (chlorofl uorocarbons)
[,si:ef'si:z] lreony gusty n6razovlf, prudkli (vitr); vdtrnyi, rationing piiddlovy systdm threater
chan geable promdnlivli bouilivj (podasi) refl ection odraz, zrcadleni thunder
chilly chladnli, studenli, rnrazivj; pro- hail(stones) kroupy; krupobiti refl ective hloubavj, piemitavy thunder
chladlli, zkiehl 1i ; hruzn1i, nahrindj ici halo ['helleu] kruh kolem mdsfce; refrigerants freony thunder
husi kfrZi svatoz6i replenish doplnit. znovu naplnit bouikc
cirrus ['srres] cirus, iasovity nebo haze lehkd mlha, kouimo rivers in spate (GB) rozvodn6nd ieky thunder
zdvojovitli oblak
headwind protivitq piedni vitr saturated irplnd promodenf mobiti
clear the snow odklizet snih
hoar frostjinovatka scattered showers obdasnd (misty) tornado
clear up vyjasnit se (obloha) ork6n
hospitatrle piizniv!; pohostinnli piehrlriky
cloudbank hradba nizkSTch mraki trapped
hot horko; horky scorcher (coll) pai6k, horky den
cloudy obladny, zamraden!; obladno, seaboard moiskd pobieZi; piimoisky; twister (
humid vlhko; vlhky
zamradeno; nezietelnli, nejasny vodnf
humidity vlhkost ziichrannli n6moini dlun r
cold studenj; zima, chladno season rodni obdobi typhoon

hurricane ['h,trrken,'h,tnkern,'h
continental vnitrozemsky, kontinen- unbroke
nrt,kern] hurikiin, urag6n, ork6n, settled ust61en1i, st6le pdknli (podasi)
t6lni
vichiice severe Isr'vre] prudkli, ostry, krutlir unpredir
crisp snow kiupav! snih (vrzajici pod
icicle rampouch skid dostat smyk upwind
nohaura)
inhospitable nehostinnj ; nepohos- sleet pliskanice, dd5t'se snEhem; unsettler
cumulonimbus Ikj u:mj ul eu' nimbes]
tinnf, nevlidnf zmrzlf ddSt' (podasi
kumLrlonimbus
insular [' Insjuls] ostrovni slide (into) sklouznout (do) wane ub'
cumulus ['kju:mjules] kumulus.
kupa, kupovit5l oblak inundation [,rnrn'derJen] zdplav a slip over on st uklouznout na nddem wax [wa
ionosphere [,ar'one,sfie] ionosfdra (o mds
dam fdolni piehrada (hrdz) slush rozbiedlj' snih; iidkd bahno,
island ['arlend] ostrov; ostrovni biedka weatherr
downpour ['daunpc:] lijrik
landslide sesuv ptdy; drtivd vitdzstvi smoggy plny srnogu whirlwir
downwind po vdtru torniid<
ve volbdch snowdrift ziivdj; sndhovii vichiice,
drizzle mrholit, mZit; mrholeni bouie
light slabli, lehkj metelice. fujavice
windy vi
drought fdraut] sucho, obdobi sucha
lightning blesk snowfall sndZeni
dump vysypat, vyklopit (na skkidku)
melting tiini snowflake sndhovdL vlodka; bledule
dust prach jarni
mirage fmr'ro:3] zrcadleni na silni-
equable ['ekwcbl] stdlli, nemdnnl;'
cich ve velkdm vedru; t-ata morg6na snowplough sndhovj pluh; pluh
equinox ['ekwrnoks] rovnodennost (lyZaiskli styl)

NATURE
snolvstorm snihovd bor.rie NATURE bit udidlo (Lrzdy)

soaked to the skin promokli na k[rzi acorn ['erkr:n] Zalr,rd blackbird kos
rdzl squall niiraz vetm. poryv; bouie adaptable piizpirsobiv! black widow denrd vdova (iedovatli'
steadl' rain vytlvaly dd'it' pavouk)
adcler ['reda] zrnije
storm boui'e blind ( US) posed
alligator ['itl rgerto] aligiitor
rokri storm ol'f lo st r yiitit sc srni'rr'nr Alsatian [re]'scr{en] n€nreckf
bluff irtes: strrry sriiz
ovdeik.
nekanr vlc6k boar Ibc:] divodrik
liovv stratosphere stratosf ira boardu'alk chodnik z prken
amphibian obojZivelnik; oboj2ivelnli
stratus Istreites] stratus. vrst\,a anaconda anakonda; velkj nejedo- bog baZina. nroddl. slatina
oblakir. obladnd vrstva vatj had Skrtic bordering on sl lrranicici s ni'i'irn
sultn l'snltril dusrry. parnl ancmonc [a'nemcni] sasanka bough fbaol hlavni. silnA vdtev
sulphur dioxide (SO,) angler rybdi lovici na udici: sportovnf strolru
['s.,rlfb dar'oksarcl]- oxid siiidity rybdi brambles ostrrrTini: ostruTirry
li'. sun-stroke irZeh. upal ant mra\ enec branch vdtev: ralreno vodnflro tokr"r
sunburn opdleni, spdleni sluncenr antlers palohy breakers piiboiove vlny; piival pies
suntan opiileni sluncenr apc opicc, lidoop palubu
swollen rivers rozvodndne ieky aquarium akv6riunr bream ccjn
tit. tailwind vitr vanouci do zad (ve bridle ['brarcll]
Arab Arab, kirn arabskli uzcla
snreru plavby) brook potok. iicka
archipelago [,o:kr'pclagau] souostrovi
temperate n-rilny buck Ib,nk] jclen, smec
ash jasan; jasanovd dievo; popcl
tempestuous Itcn.rrpestj ues] bouilivy bud pupen: poupd; pudet
asp bolen (ryba): osika; brejlovec
thaning f 0c:r11l tdni cgyptsklil jrrky kol i jedot atyi had budgerigar, budgie
hldkerr thermometer [0c'mornrtc] teplonrer astcrisk hvezdidka 1*, polygrafickli Ib,rd3criga:,'b,td3il andulka
threat [Orct] lrrozba znak) butTalo (GB) buvol (tur Zijici r Asii
threntening Itrozie i. lrrozir y atmosphere atrnosftra, ovzduSi aAfrice)
thunder hroni attain st closdhrrout nddeho bulTalo (US) bizort americky
thundercloud bouikovy rlrak back down ustonpit. vzd6t se bulb cibule; hliza; oddenek
thunderhead rnrak objevujici se picd backbone pritci; hibet knihy bumblebee cnrel6k
lt bouikou badger jezevec burdock Iba:dok] lopuch
thunderstorm bouika, bouic, hro- bait ni{vnada. vnatlidlo buttercup pryskyinik
nrobiti butterfl.v.- motlil
balc balik sena; Zok
isty)
tornado Itc:'ncrdeu] smrst', tornedo, buzzard k6ne
bark kirra strorru; Stdkot. 51dk6ni
ork6n
bass [bics] okoun; lipa americkd cactus, pl. cacti, cactuses ['kitktas]
n
trapped uvezndn v pasti kaktus
basset (hound) baset
rur sN).
twister (rnfml US) torn6cloi vdtrn6. cage klec; zaviit do klece
vclclni smr5t' bat netopyr
camel velbloud
typhoon Itar'fir:n] tajfun bay' z6li" l kotlina; bobkovy list
camomile hcimdnek
unbroken celistvli. souvisly bayou (US. Louisiana. Texas) [ barur]
oiasi ) canal [ke'nitl] kanrll. pruplav
j baZinati ranreno ieky; pomalu
unpredictable nepicdvidateln
tekouci voda canopy klenba (stromfi); piikryt jako
uprvind proti \'atru baldachynenr nebo nebesy
beak zobiik
unsettled [,tn setld] nestdll;'. ncj ist!
I
canter cval: lroklr.rs; cviilat; klusat

1: bear Ibec] mcdvdd
(podasi); neobydleny; nevyiizeny
beaver bobr cap kloboudck. hlavidka houby
wane irblivat (o mdsici)
beech buk captive zajatec; 2ijici v za.jetf
eceni
wax Iwrks] piiblvat. dorirstat
carnivore masoZravec
(o mEsfci) beechmast bukvice
10" cardinal kardiniil dcrvcny ( pc\nkavo-
$'eathercock korouhvidka berries bobulc
vitl; ptAk)
whirlrvind ['rva:lwrnd] vzduSn!' r"ir. beware of... pozor na...
ton-rddo. cykl6n, vichr. snrrSt'. vdtrnii
carnation hvozdik. kalafidt; ruZovd,
big cats velke Sch.r.ry kodkovite
bouie svdtle den'cnd barva
bill zobdk
windy vdtmy carp kapr
binoculars dalekohled
caterpillar housenka
lule birch biiza
catfish (wels) sumec; sumcovitd
bison (GB) zubr evropsky ryby
I bison (US t bizon anreriuk; catkin jehneda. kodidka
.VOCABULARY. 275
NATURE
cave, cavern Ikerv,'kreven] jeskynE; cranberries brusinky egret Iirgret] volavka bil6, rajka; gentle r
prolilubeii crayfish rak; langusta chrnlii na pampeliSce geogral
caviar ['krevio:] kavi6r creek (GB) izkA zittoka; zitliv
elephant slon geraniu
centipede ['sentrpi;d] stonoZka elm jilm
creek (US) piitok, iidka; rovina mezi gills [gr
cep (penny bun) [sep] hiib horarni embankment n6bieZi klobo
chamois ['Jamwo:] kamzik creepy-crawly { infinl ) hnryz. brouk: emu ['irmju:] emu gin-tra1
nahdLndjici hruzu enclosure ohrada; oploceny pozemek giraffe
chanterelle ['Jente'rel] liSka jedl6
chase honit, pron6sledovat; honidka
crocodile krokodlil Equator Ir'kwerte] rovnik girth p<
crocus krokus, 5afi6n estuary ['estjueri] risti ieky gold-se,

chasm ['kaezom] rokle. propast
chestnut ka5tan
crop up objevit se, vynoiit se evergreen jehlidnaty, stiile zelenf gorilla,
cross-breed kiiZenec falcon sokol grasslar
chick kuie; ptadi ml6dd
chives paZitka
crow vr6na; kokrhat fangs tesdky; hadi zuby grass sl
chrysanthemum crown koruna (stromu) fawn kolouch; smde gregari
Ikrr'sanOrmem, -'2ren0-] chry- cruel kruti, nelidsky felling k6ceni spolei
zantdma cub ml6dE Sehry; rnl6dd Zraloka feral ['ferel,'fierel] zdivodely, greyhor
clams (US) mlZi, Skeble cubs vldata; Vldata (m1adi skauti) potulnl;'; divok!, volnd Zijici guinea
claw dr6p; paidt cuckoo f'kuku:] kukadka fin ploutev gull [g,r
cliff irtes cuddle obdti, sevieni v n6rudi; obji- finch pdnkava hake Sti
coastline pobieZni i6ra mat; hlidkat fir j edle treskd
coat pokrjvka rEla zviiat (srst, peii) current vodni tok, proud fire at sb, st stiilet na ndkoho, ndco hamster
cobra kobra; mamba cutting iizek (rostliny) firebreak ochranny pnisek, piikop hare (G
cockle srdcovka jedld (moisky mlZ); cypress ['sarpres] cypii5, tisovec proti 5iieni lesniho poZ6nt haw [h:
koukol polni; plevel dachshund ['deksand,'dekshund] fish eagle orlovec iidni hawk I
cockroach Sv6b jezevdik fisherman rybdi hawtho
cod treska daddy-long-legs sek6d (druh pa- fishes druhy ryb hay(ma
vouka); tiplice
cold-blooded studenokrevny (Zivo- fishing rybaieni, rybolov hazelnu
dich); chladnokrevnf (kifi ) daffodil l'defedrll narcis (Zlutf)
flamingo, pl. flamingos or flamin- headwa
collar obojek (psa) dahlia ['deIlie, 'dellje] jiiina, jiiinka goes plamei6k
hedgehr
collie kolie. skotsky ovi6k daisy sedmikrdska, chudobka flashy tipytivyi, blyiskav! herb by
condemned odsouzeny dandelion [' dandrlaren] parnpeli5ka, fl uffy chlupatj, pokrytj' peiim; herbivo
smetanka ldkaisk6 nadychanli
cone 5iSka
heron ['
deciduous [dr'srdjues] opadavyi foe [feu] nepiitel
confinement uvdzndni, olnezeni herring
(strom)
svobody foothills piedhffi
deerjelen; vysok6 hiberna
confluence soutok fbotprint stopa. otisk nohy, Sldpdj
den doup€, brloh, nora hide kfi:
conif'erous fke' nlferes] jehl idnati for kicks z legrace, pro z6bavu
disfi gure znetvoiit, zmrza(it hillock
conker (intml) ka5tan (strom i plod) ford brod; piebrodit
doberman dobrman hind [hr
constant st6li lbrelegs piedni nohy
coot lyska (ptrik)
doe lai; srna
forestry lesnictv(, lesni hospod6istvi;
hippo(p
Dolomites, the ['dole,marts] Dolo-
ses or
copse hou5ti; pfemdnit les v nizki zalesndn6 krajina, lesy
mity hit zasitl
porost osek6nim; tvoiit v5;honkY forget-me-not pomndnka
odspodu kmene dolphin delfin holt dou
fox li5ka
corgi ['kc:gi] korgi (psi rasa) dormouse plch obecnli hoof, pl
foxglove ndprstnik cerveny
cormorant ['kc:merent] kormordn dove holubice; hrdlidka hook hri
foxhunt hon na liSku koimo; pofadat
cornflower chrpa downs mim6 pahorkatina (obvykle hon na liSku hoopoe
porostl6 tr6vou) hornbe:
couch-grass Plr Plazivli frog (eggs are spawn, young are
cougar (US) ['ku:ga] kugu6r, puma
drey veverdi hnizdo tadpoles) 26ba (vajidka jsou jikry, hornet !
duck kachna ml6d'ata jsou pulci) horns p,

cowardice ['kauedrs] zbabdlost
dyke piikop, kan6l; protipovodiov6 fungus, pl. fungi, funguses ['t,r'r;gss, horse cl
cowslip (GB) ['kaushp] prvosenka houba
jami hr6z, piehrada; tok 'f,tr3gai,'1.tnd3ai,'f,tnd5r] i plod,
eagle orel gaff [9re1-] harpuna hounds
cowslip (US) blatouch bahenni
earthquake zemCtieseni gallop trysk. zkrdceny cval: cvdlat honu
coyote [kal'outi, kcleut] kojot,
stepni vlk earthworm ZiZala. deSt'ovka; bidnY gamekeeper hajnii, mysl ivec hunter l
derv, chud6k gather sklidit, sbirat, shromaZd'ovat pro ho

crab krab; lovit kraby kond I
eel rihoi
NATURE
gentle mirurnilovnf, jemny hunting lov live oak dub virginskj (stdle zeleny)
geography zemdpis hunting horn lovecky roh, lesni roh fivebait i.w A ndv nada (dervi, ryby)
geranium Id3e'retnism] pelarg6nie huntsman lovec lizard jeitdrka
gills [gIlz] Z6bry; lupeny na spodku hyacinth ['haresrn0] hyacint lobster humr
klobouku hub hyena [har'i:ne] hyena located in st situovany (umistEny)
gin-trap (GB) taliiov6 Zeleza ndkde
Indian indickj; Ind; Indi6n; indidnskf
zemek giraffe Ziraf'a inedible nepoZivateln j loch (Scotland) [ok] jezero
girth podbiiSnik, podpdnka inland sea vnitrozemni moie locust ['loukest] sarande, kobylka
gold-seekers hledadi zlata lodge doupd (vydry, bobra)
inquisitive zvddavli, zvfdaqT, vSe-
:ny gorilla gorila tednYi logging tdZba dieva v lese
grassland ludiny, pastviny; step insect(s) hmyz long-haired dlouhosrsty
grass snake uZovka invertebrate Irn'vs:tlbrat] bezob- longitude ['londSrtju:d,'lorlgl-]
ratlj: bezp6teinf zemdpisnd ddlka
gregarious Igrr'geeries] st6dovit5i;
spoledenskj,, druZnj iris kosatec, iris; duhovka lough (lreland) [ok] jezero
greyhound ['grerhaund] chrt jackdaw ['dSakdcr] kavka obecnd lowland(s) niZina
guinea pig I'grniprgl morde jay sojka obecn6 lumberjack [' l,lrnbad3ak] dievoru-
bec, dievai
gull [g.tl] racek j ustify ospravedlnit, ospravedliovat;
omlouvat lure [jus] ndvnada, vnadidlo; l6kat,
hake itikozubec tryba piibttzn6
kangaroo klokan v6bit
tresk6m)
karst kras lynx rys
neco hamster kiedek
kayaking jizda na kajaku mackerel makrela
ikop hare (GB) zajic
kestrel poStolka obecnd magpie straka
haw [hc:] hloZinka (p1od hlohu)
kingfisher ledfi5dek maim zmrza(it, zohavit
hawk [hcrk] jesti6b, krahujec
kite pt6k z deledi krahujcovitfch, mainland pevrrina
hawthorn ['hc:0c:n] hloh
zejm. lui6rk cervenyl pienesend mammal savec
hay(making) seno(sec)
jestidb, dravec mangrove koienovnik obecny: tnang-
hazelnut lishov! oiech
koala koala medv(dkovit6 rovov6 dievina
mln- headwater(s) pramen ieky; horni tok
labrador ['lebradcl] labradorsky Manx bezocas6 kodka (pivodem
hedgehog jeZek retrivr z ostrova Man)
herb bylina, bylinka (lddivti, koieni) ladybird slunddko sedmitednd, maple javor (strom i dievo)
herbivore ['herbrvc:] bjloZravec beru3ka marjoram ['mordSerem] majorfnka
heron ['heren] volavka landlocked obk lopenl;' pevn i nou. marmot sviSf
herring ['herrrl] sled' chr6ndnf proti moii
marsh moddl, baZina, bahnisko,
hibernate l'harbenelt] piezimovat landslide sesuv pidy; drtivd volebni mokiina, blata
dpcj vitdzstvI
hide kiiZe. usei marshland mokiina, baZina. blata
u larch rnodiin (strom i dievo)
hillock kopedek, hromddka marsupial Imo:'su:piel] vaanatec
lark sKivan polni
hind fharnd] laii marten kuna (zviie i koZeiina)
latitude zemdpisnA Siika
hippo(potamus), pl. hippopotamu- martin jiiidka obecn6
ddistvi; ses or -ami hroch lavender levandule (rostlina, vrind
mast, beechmast bukvice
i barva)
hit zas6hnout mate druh, druZka
holt doup6, nora (zvl. vydii)
lead, leash (US) [irJ] voditko (napi.
na psa) meadow louka
hoof, pl. hoofs, hooves kopyto leaf, pl. leaves list meltwater voda z rozpu5tdndho sndhu
hook h6dek leafy listnatf (les); listovj (zelenina) menace to st, sb ['menIs] nebezpedi,
poi6dat
hoopoe ['hu:pu;] dudek chocholatf hrozba pro ndco, ndkoho
leopard ['leped] levhart, leopard
hornbeam habr skvrnitj' midge [mrd3] pakom6r; mu5ka
are
r jikry, hornet sr5ei leveret [' leverit] mlady zajic, zaji(,ek miclwater stiedni vrstva vody na
oteviendm moii
horns paroZi, parohy; rohy lice, sg. louse vii, veS
f,r,4ges, horse chestnut konskf ka5tan (strom
mint mdta; m6tovli bonb6n
lifefess mrtvj, bez Livota, jako mrtvy
.r] houba i plod) miss netrefit, minout cil
lily lilie
hounds lovedti psi; smedka psri na mole krtek
lily-of-the-valley konvalinka vonrrd
,v6lat honu moleheap, molehill krrina, krtinec
lime lipa; limeta
hunter lovecky pes uZivany zejmdna mongrel ['m,ntJgral] pes smiserr6
pro hon na liSku; typjezdeckdho limestone v6penec
Zd'ovat rasy, voiiSek; bastard
kond pro honebni udely; lovec lion lev
. VOCABULARY. 277
NATURE
monkey opice; opidi parrot papouSek; papouSkovat, tupd rapids peie.le short-h
moor(s) nizko zarostlii pust6 planina, opakovat rat krysa, potkan show-ju
zvl. porostl6 viesem, mokiina, parsley petrZel zahradni rattlesnake chiestjS shrimpr
slatina, blata partridge koroptev raven krkavec; havran (nepiesnd); sidekicl
moose Imu:sl los arnerickli paw tlapa, tlapka, pracka, pacieka plenit, drancovat sinker c
morel [rnn'rel] smrZ jedlli pedigree. purebred distokrevnli ravine [re'vi:n] strZ, prfirva, rokle, Lrdici
mosquito, pl. mosquitoes, mosquitos pelagic lpe'lred3rkl moisky, pela- rozsedlina; udElat prrirvu, rozbrttzdit skate re
Ime'skirteu] rnoskyt; kom6r gickli ray rejnok slimy sl
moth [mn0] mol Satni; mtra pellet ['pelet] brok; stiela; kulka redstart rehek zahradni irlisnli
mouflon (GB) [mu:flon] rnuflon pelican pelikrln reptile plaz slow-wr
mouse, pl. mice myS pelt kriZe s koZe5inou, koZich; surov6 reservoir ['rezevwo:] nildrll. pie- snake h
mouser kodka, kterd dobie chyt6 mySi kfi2e; stahovat kiZi hradni jezero; ziisob6ma snapdr:
mouth usta, huba; irsti (ieky) penguin ['pelgwrn] tudi6k restricted movement omezeny pohyb snare cl
mudflat n6nos v usti iek; d6st moi- peninsula poloostrov retriever retrivr (druh loveckdho psa) niistral
skdho biehu zaplavovan6 piilivem peony ['pireni] pivonka rhea [ri:e] nandu (pitrosovitli pt6k) snowdrr
mulberry ['m,tlberi] moru5e (strom perch okoun iidni rhinoceros Irar'noseras] nosorozec solitary
i plod)
pest Skridce, Skridci rhizome ['rarzeum] oddenek spaniel
mussel sl6vkajedle
petal Irpetl] okvdtni listek, korunni riding jizda na koni ['sprer
muzzle ndhubek; nasadit niihubek; pl6tek snrino
denich, dum6k rip-tide bouilivli piiliv a odliv
pheasant ['feznt] baZant sparrorJr
mycelium [mar'si:lrem] podhoubi, roach freutJ] plotice
pigeon holub spawn jr
mycdlium robin dervenka, derm6dek; drozd
pike Stika stdhovav! (US) spectacl
mysterious tajemnli, zihadn ! velkol
narcissus narcis, narciska pikeperch canddt rook havran polni
spider p
narrows irZina; soutdska pine borovice, sosna root koien; bulva; hliza; oddenek
spinner
nasty zlli; nevyzpytateln j pink hvozdik pernatf; karafi6t rose riiZe
splendid
nature-lover milovnik piirody pit jrima; dira; propast; podzemni rosem a ry r ozmatlr na 6kaisk6
I
jeskynE; uhelnf dfil spruce s

nest hnizdo; udElat si hnizdo; hnizdit rowan ['reuen] jef6b (strom)
plateau, pl. plateaux, plateaus squid ol
nettle kopiiva; hluchavka; Slehat rowdy ['raudi] hulvrltskli, vitrZnicki
Irpleteu] n6,horn( rovina; plo5ina; squirrel
kopiivami plato saddle sedlo; osedlat
stalactit'
newt Inju;t, nurt] mlok; dolek poacher pytl6k sage Salvdj; pelyndk nik ros
nightingale slavik poisonous jedovatli salamander mlok, salamandr stalagmi
nuisance nepiistojnost; zloi6d; svizel; polecat tchoi salmon ['semen] losos (kr6pn
otrava sardine sardinka; olejovka stalk Ist
pollen ['polen] pyl
nuthatch fn,tthetJ] brhlik savanna(h) [sa'vrene] savana vat; st(
poodle pudl
oak dub scales Supiny stalking
pool louZe, kaluZ; trii, triika; jezirko;
oasis [eu'ersrs] o6za stopov
rybnik; stojat6 voda; stud6nka scallop ['skolep] hiebenatka, jedl6
zdini
octopus chobotnice poplar topol mu5le
starling
offshore pobieZni, pevninsk5i; mimo poppy m6k; opium scavenger ['skavrndge] mrchoZrout
bieh, vzdrilenli od pobieZi; na stem km
pores rourky zespodu klobouku scorpion 5tir, Skorpi6n (rostlir
volndm moii
houby scratch Skrdbat se, drbat se, dr6pat se sticky le
omnivore l' omnrvc:l vSe2ravec
porpoise ['pc:pes] sviiiucha scrubland krajina porostl6 kiovinami,
orangutan Ic:'ra4uteq, c:rrelurte!] stirrup I
prawns krevety; gamiiti kledi, kosodievinou
orangutan stoat [st;
predator ['predete] dravec seal tulei; lachtan
orchid orchidej stork d61
primrose prvosenka jami, petrklid sea-lion lvoun hiivnatj'
ostrich ['ostrrtJ] p5tros straits Is
puffball pfchavka seaweed chaluha, moiskd iasa
otter ['ote] vydra stream p
pussy willow vrba jiva, kodidky seed semeno, seminko; zasit
owl [aul] sova, v1/r, sjdek stub (GE
python ['parOen] krajta, pyton sett jezevdi nora
ox, pl. oxen vtl; tur stump pi
quail [kwerl] kiepelka polni shark Zralok
oysters fstiice sturgeon
quarry ['kwori] lom, kamenolom; shellfish mdkkf5i, koryi5i (zejmena
palm palma jedli) suckle kr
lovend zviie, koiist vychor,
pampa(s) pampy (rovinn6 prdrie) shiny lesklf, lesknouci se
rabbit kr6lik sunflowe
pansy maceSka, violka trojbarevnii shoal [Jeul] hejno ryb
rainforest deStnj prales su rf piib
parasol bedla; slunednik, parazol shooting stielba, stiileni

NATURE
short-haired kr6tkosrsty swallow (one swallow does not vermin (lice, fleas ...) havdt'(v5i,
show-jumping parkfr make a summer) ['swoleu] vlaS- blechy...)
tovka (jedna vlaitovka jaro neddld) violet fialka, violka vonn6; fialovy
shrimps gam6ti
s$amp Iswompl moial. baTina. viper zmije
1e); sidekick pomocnik, part'6k bahnisko, mokiina
sinker olivko, z6va2i na ryb6isk6 vivarium, pl. vivariums, vivaria
swan Iswnn] labut'
rkle, udici Ivar'veerrem] viv6rium, terdrium
'brdzdit swift rorlis; rych1y vixen ['vrksen] li5ka (samice)
skate rejnok
tadpole pulec (larva Z6by) vulture sup, kondor; vydiiduch
slimy sliznaty, slizovitli; hlenovitf;
flisnf, hnusnj' tail ocas, ohon, oh6ika, chvost wade brodit se
slow-worm slepyi talon drdp, pai6t, spdr wagtail konipas
rfe- snake had tarantula tarantule walk jit
snapdragon hledik vdt5i tench 1in obecny walnut vlaSsky oiech
; pohyb snare chytat do oka, nastraZit past; tern ryb6k obecnf walrus ['wcrlres] mroZ
1o psa) ndstraha, osidlo terrapin ['tereprn] moiskii Zelva warm-blooded teplokrevnj
pt6k) snowdrop snEZenka thaw tdni: oblera: rozmrazeni; warren ['woren] irzemi, kde je laby-
solitary osamocend rostouci; osamdlf uvoln6ni rint vz6jemnd propojenjch krdlidich
rozec
spaniel (cocker or springer) thistle bodl6k, pch6d nor
['sprenjel] Spandl (kokr5pandl nebo thoroughbred ['0,trebred] plnokrev- wasp [wosp] vosa
springr) nik, distokrevnj kfii; kultivovanl; water-plants vodnl rostliny
c oveK
sparrow vrabec I
watershed vodni pied€l; povodi;

spawn jikry, potdr; kl6st jikry, tiit se thrush [0r.tJ] drozdovitli pt6k, drozd rozvodi
zd thyme Itarm] tymiSn; mateiidouSka
spectacular prisobivy, atraktivni, waterside pobieZi
velkolepy tick kliStd waterweed vodni flora rostouci ve
spider pavouk; kiiZ6k tickle lechtat; svddEt stojatfch vod6ch; napi. vodni mor
ek kanadskf
spinner tipytka tiger tygr
splendid skvdlj', nddhernli, ohromnj tit sfkora; struk, cecik weasel ['wi:zel] lasice, lasidka
spruce smrk toad ropucha obecn6; mlok; Z6ba; whale velryba

jeStdrka wildcat divokrl kodka
squid olihei
Znickj toadstool jedovat6 houba (zejmdna wildlife divokii zvdi; Zivot v ptirodd
squirrel veverka
s velkym kloboukem); mucho- wolf, pl. wolves [wulf] vlk
stalactite ['strelektart] stalaktit (krrip- mrirka; pra5ivka
nik rostouci shora dohi) woodpecker datel
tom-cat kocour
stalagmite ['staelegmart] stalagmit worm fws:m] &w;Liiala; smftelnik
(kr6pnik rostouci zespodu nahoru) tortoise I tcrtes] Zelva; moiskii Zelva
(US) wound [wu:nd] zranit rdna
stalk Istclk] stopovat, pliZit se, siedo- zander ['zande] cand6t
vat; stopka, stdblo, stonek, lodyha traces stopy
tracks stopy vozidla zebra f' zebra,'zi:bre] zebra
stalking figura slouZici jako kryt pii
stopov6ni zvEie; zdminka, klamnd trap sulka (vozikza kondm pii z6- zoo lzu;, zul zoo, zoologick6 zahrada
edl6 zdini vodu klus6ki); past
starling Spadek trot klus, poklus; klus6ckf z6vod;
oZrout klusat
stem kmen (stromu), stonek, lodyha
(rostliny), tieri, noha (houby) trout pstnrh
6pat se sticky lepivj, lepkavf lrunk kmen (strornu): chohot: tnrp:
vinami, stirrup l'strrep] timen kufi (US)
stoat Isteut] lasice hranostaj tulip tulip6n (kvdt i cibule)
stork d6p tuna l'tj u:no. tu:no'l turidk obecny
straits Istrerts] pruliv, irZina tunnel-trap sklopec (past s k1eci,
zviie se chyti Zive)
stream proud: iidka. potok
turtle moisk5 Zelva
stub (GB) paiez; nedopalek
twig vdtvidka
stump paiez; pahyl
undergrowth podrost
sturgeon ['stsrdSen] jeseter
undertow spodni, zpdtny proud
suckle kojit; pit, s6t; krmit, Zivit; piiboje
vychov6vat
veldt, velt lvelt, felt] africk6 step
sunflower slunednice
venomous ['venames] jedovaty;
surfpiiboj, vlnobiti prisobici otravu; nen6vistnj, zlostny
. VOCABULARY. 279
THE HUMAN BODY
THE HUMAN BODY cheekbone licni kost genitals f'dSenrtlz] genit6lie, po- mouth r
abdomen biicho, bii5ni dutina chest hrud', prsa hlavni org6ny, pohlavni fistroji muscle
accentu ated zd'ir aznEny chin brada gland Ll6za musculr

glistening lesklj'. lesknouci svalor
accomplish st dos6hnout nddeho, chunky podsadit!, robustni se.
uskutednit nEco tipytici se navel ['

cleft chin brada se svislou ryhou
ancestor piedek goatee ['qeuti:] kozi bradka nod ont
clench one's teeth zatnout zuby
god-like boZskli, podobnli bohu piikyr
ankle ['rc1k1] kotnik (na noze) clitoris po5tdv6dek, klitoris
gorgeous ['gc:d3es] n6dhern!, nose no
anxiety fieq'zareti] lzkost, strach, clumsy nemotomy, neobratny
obavy skvdll;, itZasnl; nosy zv
coccyx ['koksrks] kostrd
appendix [e'pendlks] slepd stievo; greasy mastrry, zamaStdnli obese ol
collarbone klidni kost
dodatek grey Sedy obesity
colon ['keulon, 'keulen] tradnik (nej-
aquiline ['rekwrlain] orli v6t5i d6st tlustdho stieva); dvojtedka
gross lgreus] odpudivd tlusty, zava- pancre,
arched eyebrows klenute obodi, litli, podsaditli', otyly parting
concave ['korlkerv] vydutli dovniti
obodi ve tvaru oblouku growl fgraul] vrdet, brudet paunch
concave chest vpadly hrudnik
arm paZe, ruka gullet ['g.r.let] jicen; hltan; hrdlo cicha
corpulent ['kc:pj ul ent] korpulentni.
artery tepna, arterie gut tlust€, tenkd stievo pear-shi
tdlnatl;', tlustlT
athletic atleticki: pohyblivy guts stieva, vnitinosti; biicho; odvaha tvar hr
cracked lips silnd rozpraskand rty
awklvard ['crkwed] nerlotomy, ne- (hovorovd) pelvic g
craggy ['krregi] s ostie iezanimi
olrrabanyl trapny; nepiijernny hair vlasy pelvis pi
rysy; nerovny, hrbolatj, drsnj
backbone pdtei; vydrZ; mordlni hamstring podkolenni Slacha penis pe
cross oneself pokiiZovat se
odvaha handsome hezky, pohlednl;' pimple
curly kudmatj; kadeiavyi I
bald ple5atli; lyslr have a sweet tooth bjt mlsnj, bjt na plait [pl
dandruff lupy
barrel-chested robustni, jako sud sladk6 plaited
dark tmavf; snddy I
be all ears byitjedno velkd ucho, head over heels in love zamilovany plucked
poslouchat pozornd determination odhodl6ni aZ po uii
point wi
be all thumbs mit obd ruce levd, bft dimple dolicek heart srdce
pointed
neSikovn! dreadlocks dredy (druh udesu) hips boky
ponytail
beard [brad] plnovous dumpy zavality hold hands dlZet se za ruce
beer-belly pivni biich portly st
eagerly dychtivd, chtiv6, nedodkavd hooked nose Ihukt] zahnuty nos, tlustj'
belly biicho; biiSko ear ucho skoba
pot (-bel
big-stick policy politika zalo2en6 na emaciated lr'mersieltrd] vyz|bly hunk (coll) vazba, kus chlapa
"
pull sorn
hrozb6ch a replesich vyhublli, kost a ktZe janitor Skolnik koho, t
birthmark mateiskd znamdnko; velkii enormous obrovskj. ohromny jawbone delistni kost
pigmentovd skvrna rack ont
even teeth rovnd zuby knee koleno usilovr
black demy; eernoiskyi' extremities kondetiny; Spidky prstfi, lank hubeny, vyzitbly receding
bladder modovj mdch5ii nosu. brady, uSi vlasti
larynx ['lierrqks] hrtan
blink one's eyes mrkat. rnrknout eyebrow obodi red derv,
layer vrstva
blond blond'aty, blond eyelash odni iasa ribcage
leg noha
blood [bl.td] krev face oblide.j, tv6i ribs Zebr
lick lizat, olizovat
bottom zadnf ddst tdla, zadek fair plav!. svdtlj (o vlasech a pokoZce) rub one'
figament vaz; vazivo
bowels [baoelz] stieva; vnitinosti, fat tlust! scars j iz
lined face vrdsditf oblidej
ftroby finger prst na ruce
lip ret slanted t
bowlegged Ibeulegd] s kiivyma firm pevny, tuh!
nohama (do O) lithe flard] sviZny, pruZn!, mr5tny, shake or
foot, pl. feet chodidlo, noha u dlovdka ohebnj shin holr
brain rnozek pod kotnikem
breast prs, iiadro; hrud', prsa
liver j6tra short ma
forehead ['forrd, 'fc:hed] delo (d6st
lungs plice short-sig
breastbone hrudni kost hlavy)
bulbous ['b.tlbes] baiat!. bachratf. mobile pohyblivj shoulder
freckle piha
oduly, korpulentni, telnati mole mateiskd znamdnko shoulder
fringe ofir-ra
bushy eyebrows ['buJi] hustd obodi mohawk [meuho:k] diro shrug (o
frizzy kudrnatj, kadeiavf
moustache Irno'stc;J,'m,tstreJ] knir, ramen)
calf lytko funnybone briavka
knirek sideburn
cartilage ['ko:telrdg] chrupavka furrowed ['f,treud] vrrisditli, s hlubo-
mousy (vlasy) jako myS, ucourand, simile ['s
chapped lips rozpraskane rty kfmi ryhami
barevnd nevyraznd; tichli, b6zlivli, skeleton
cheek tv5,i gapped s rnezerami nesmdly

HEALTH
to- mouth fsta skin-deep pouze na povrchu, po- HEALTH

,!l muscle ['m,tsl] sval vlchni
abortion potrat; rurele pierLr5eni
muscular ['m,r.skj ule] svalnaty, skinny vychrtl!, hubenl;, vyzdblli tdhotenstvi
svalovy skull Isk,tl] lebka accurate piesny
navel ['nervel] pupek; pupikl stied slender, slim Stihljr. irtlf ache lerklbolcst; bolet
nod one's head kyvnout hlavou; snub nose rros dovrchu. lupi nos acid kysely; kyselina
piiklvnout spine pdtei acne ['ieknr] trudovitost, akne
nose nos spleen slezina; Spatnd ndlada acupuncture ['akju,p,rqktJa] aku-
nosy zv€davy, dotdm!, vlezlf; nosaty split ends roztiepend konedky vlasi punktura
obese obdzni, otyl17 spotty skvrnitli, tedkovany, krope- addicted (to) zdvislli, zvyklj (na)
obesity obezita, otylost naty. uhrovity affect Io'fekt] zasahovat. postihovat
zava- pancreas ['p:r4kries] slinivka sprain one's ankle, wrist vyn-rknout ailment lehdi onemocndni; zdravotni
parting pdiinka si kotnik. zdpdsti potiZ, probldrn
paunch [pc:ntJ] velke biicho, pupek, stiff ztuhl!, stmulj alcohol alkohol
lo cf cha stomach ['st,tnrak] Zaludek, biicho allergy to st ['eladgi] alergie na ndco
pear-shaped [pee] hruSkovitj, majici stout zavality. obtloustlf; houZevnaty ambulance ['eernbjr-rlens] sanitka
odvaha tvar hruSky stretch one's limbs protAhnout si annoying protivni. otravny
pelvic girdle pletenec pdnevni nohy a ruce
antibiotics [,antibar'ntrks] antibio-
pelvis pdnev struggle snaZit se, usilovat, namdhat se tika
penis penis stub one's toe narazit, nakopnor.rt si appendicitis Ie,pendr'sartrs] z6ndt
pimple pupinek, uher palec slepdho stieva
blit na plait [pleet, plert] cop stunning senzadni, fantasticky appointment obiedndni u ldkaie
plaited [plretid] spletenli do copu swelling vypoulenf ; vzdouvajici se appropriately vhodnd
)vany plucked eyebrows vytrhane obodi tear a tendon [tee] natrhnout, pietrh- aromatherapy Ia,reume'0erepi]
nout si Slachu aromateraple
point with a finger ukdzat prstem
testicle varle aspirin aspirin
pointed chin Spidatd brada
thigh [0ar] stehno asthma astma. z6dLlcha, duSnost
ponytail ohon, culik
thumb palec u ruky average prfrmdrny; prrirndr
portly statny, tdlnaty, korpulentni,
tlustf tired of sto sb unaveny nddim. ndklm bandage ['bendrd3] obvazovd piiska,
pot (belly) velkd kulate biicho. bfich6d tongue jazyk obvaz
pull someone's leg utahovat si z nd- tooth, pl. teeth zub, zuby Band-Aid (US) n6plast, leukoplast
koho, tahat ndkoho za nos trim Stihl1i. elegantni; piistiihnout, bad chest katar priduSek
rack one's brains liimat si hlavu, zasti'ihnout bleed krv6cet
r.rsi lovnd piernliSlet tummy biiSko, Zaludek, Zaloudedek blind slepli
receding hairline ustupujici linie ugly oiklivyi. Skaredj, Seredn! blister puchlii
vlasri vagina [vc'd3arnr] pochra. vagina blow / clean one's nose vysmrkat se
red derveny, rudy; zrz-avi, vein if Ia bone kost
ribcage hrudni koS veined nose Zilnatf nos, nos protkani braces rovniitka
ribs Zebra Zilkami
Braille Ibrerll slepecke pisrno
rub one's hands mnout si ruce vertebra Ive:tebre] oblatel
bronchitis [,bror1'kartrs] z6ndt pri-
scarsjizvy, Srdmy vivid Zivj. svdZi. temperamentni, dilli duSek. bronchitida
slanted eyes Sikmd odi waist pas bubbles bublinky
5tnf, shake one's head kroutit, vrtdt hlavou wart [wc:t] bradavice burn popdlenina
shin holeii wavy vlnity burp [ba:p] iihat, krkat; ifhnuti
short maly (postavou) well-built silny, svalnaty, dobie cancer rakovina
short-sighted krritkozraky stavdni (muZ)
capsule ['krcpsju:l] kapsle
shoulder rameno well-rounded plnoStihl6, korpulentni
(Zena)
cardiologist kardiolog
shoulders ramena, plece, bedra caries l'kari:z] zLrbni kaz; zdndt kosti
whiskers licousy (bez vousri)
shrug (one's shoulders) pokrdit cavity zubni kaz; dutina
rameny windpipe ['wrndparp] prfrdu5nice,
:Jl knir, trachea chemotherapy [,ki:rneu'0erapi]
sideburns kotlety chemoterapie
wrinkled face / forehead vrdsditii/-e
rand, simile ['srmrli] piirovndni tv6i / delo chickenpox plarrd neStovice
Lzliv!, skeleton kostra: kostlivec
wrist frrst] z6pdsti childbirth porod
.VOCABULARY. 281
HEALTH
chiropractic [,karereu'prrektlk] disease onemocnEni, nemoc gonorrhoea [,gone'ri:e] kapavka inocul:

chiropraxe dislocation vymknuti, vykloubeni, grass trdva, marjrinka inpatie
chiropractor ['karreuprrekte] chiro- luxace grazes Skrdbnuti. odieniny. oderky interac
praktik disorder zdravotni potiZ, porucha gulp down zlrltnout, rychle snist, Jemn(
cholera ['kolere] cholera donor d6rrce vypit intern r
claim tvrdit, prohlaSovat dose d6vka ldku gums d6snd mocn

clay jil; hlina drill vrtadka gynaecologist (GB), gynecolo- interru
cocaine Ikeu'keln] kokain drops kapky gist (US)[,garne'koledSrst] invalid
coke (slang) [keuk] koks (kokain) gynekolog invali
drowning ldraunr4] utopeni
coma ['keume] k6ma, hluboke hallucinogen [,heelu:'srnedSan, irregulr
drug ldk, lddivo; droga he' lu:srnedSen] halucinogen (droga
bezvddomi itch [rtj
dumb Id,rm] ndmy; hloupf vy"rol6vaj ic i haluc inace)
conception podeti, zplozeni ditdte jabG) (
dysentery ['drsenteri, -tri, -ter-] handicapped postiZeny, handicapo-
concussion [ke4'k,r.Jen] oties mozku; riplavice, dyzentdrie van! jaundic
ndraz, oties zdvist
earache bolest ucha hangover kocovina
condom kondom, prezervativ junkie (
ecstasy (E) ekst6ze, €dko (droga) hash (coll) ha5i5, marihuana
confinement porod, slehnuti; pobyt kiss of I
doma (zvl65t6 na hiZku)
effective Ir' l'ektrv l Liiinny have a tooth out, pulled (US) nechat
si vytrhnout zub labour t
constipation zdcpa electrocution Ir,lektre'kju:Jen] zabiti

elektrickim proudem; poprava na hay fever senn6 ryma lice, sg,
consultant konzultujici odbornik, elektrickdm Kesle tift (GB
specialista, primiii headache bolest hlavy
Emmas (slang) hemeroidy headshrinker, shrink psychiatr lotion n
continuously neust6le, nepietrZitd
encephalitis [,ensofe' laitis] encefal i- healer ldditel Iumbag,
contract a disease piivodit si, chyit tida, z6ndt mozku Istiel,
nemoc hepatitis [,hepe'tartrs] Zloutenka,
enema ['enrme] klystlr z6nEt jater, hepati ti da malaria
contractions stahy, kontrakce
epidemic epidemie hepatitis B hepatitida. zenet jater maligna
convey vyjddfit, vyslovit maligr
epidural anestetikum pouZivan6 (mfiZe blit smrtelnd, je sexudlnd
cough [kof] kaSel; ka5lat zejm. pii porodu pienosn6) mania I
crack (slang) crack (dist6 krystalick6 eventually nakonec heroin heroin nAruii,
fbrna kokainu) marijua
exhale vydechovat herpes ['he:pi:z] herpes, pdsovli opar
cramp kied massage
exhausted vyderyany heterosexual heterosexu6l
craving lbr st neodolateln6 chut'na masAZ,
ndco extraction vltrZeni, vytaZeni, extrakce hiccupso hiccoughs ['hrk.r.ps] Sky-
tavka matron
crippled zmrza(eny, poSkozeny; false teeth umdld zuby
homosexual homosexuSl measles
ochromeny fart prdnout, prddt; prd
hooked on st ziivisly na n€dem medican
crutch berla fatal ['fertal] smrtelnf
houseman (GB) mlad5i sekund6i medicinr
curious about st zv6davj'na nEco I'ever horedka; zimnice
(lekai v nemocnici) meditati
cut back omezit, sniZit; sniZeni filling plomba, vjplii zubu
hygiene l'hardSi:n] hygiena: zdra- menopal
cuts poiez6rni flea blecha
vovdda mescalin
deaf hluchy, neslySici floss dent6lni nit, nit na di5tCni mezi-
hypnosis hypn6za meskal
zubnich prostor
deaf-and-dumb (GB) hluchondmy hypnotic hypnotickf ; mddiurn (osoba droga r
deaf-mute (US) hluchondmli flu chiipka podldhajici hypn6ze) phora \
dental floss dent6lni I zubninit focused on st zamdieny na nEco methylar

illness nemoc, onemocndni
dentist zubai foetus (GB), fetus (US) ['firtes] plod, ['me0r
improvement vylepSeni, zdokonaleni (chemi,
zdrodek
dentition chrup; proiezdv6ni zubfr indigestion [, rndr'dgestJen] Spatnd tinu a s
lbod poisoning olrava potravinami.
dentures umdl! chrup tr6veni, porucha tr6veni
jidlem midwife
depression deprese induced birth Irn'dju:st] umdle asistent
forceps delivery [fo:seps] porod
vyvolanj porod migraine
dermatologist koZni lekai kle5tdmi
infection n6kaza, i n fekce miracle z
diabetes [,dara'bi:ti:2, -es] cukovka fractures and breaks fraktury a zlo-
meniny infestation zamoieni (napi, hmyzem) miscarril
diarrhoea [,dare'rire] prtjem
gargte ['go:gl] kloktat; kloktadlo infl ammation zinlt, ziryal
mononu(
diphtheria [drf 0rerio, drp-] zd5krt,
diftdrie gas plyn influenza chiipka nukle6z
disabilities postiZeni gauze fgc:2, gt:z] gina infrequently nepravidelnE morphin,
disability tElesnd nebo du5evni vada; gay homosexudl injection injekce mouth-to
postiZeni; nevfhoda, handicap inoculate sb against... (na)odkovat do ust
germ Id3a:m] bakterie; chorobo-
disadvantaged (U S) postiZenf ptodny z6rodek ndkoho proti. . . mumps p

HEALTH
KA inoculation odkovdni mute (US) ndmy pimp pasrik, kuplii

inpatient hospitalizovanli pacient nausea ['nc:zic, -sic, -ge] nevolnost. plaque [plo:k, pl,rk] zubni povlak
rky interaction vzdjernnd pirsobeni. vz6- nauzea pneumonia fnju;'mounie] zdpal plic
it. .jenrnd or lir riovdni. souiinnost nauseous odpolny. ncchutny polio(myelitis)
intern (US) za1inajici ldkai (v ne- needle (s1'ringe) [sr'rrnd3, srrng] ['peul iau(maie'laitis)] detskd
mocnici) jehla ( injel<dni stiikadka) obrna, poliornyelitis
interrupt pieruiit neurosis neuloza poly'pharmacy' podrivrini piiliS mnoha
invalid invalidni, tdlesn6 postiZeny; nit hnida ldkir, jejichZ ircinky se vza jemnd
invalida ovlivhuj i
numb rrecitlivli, zmnvelyl zkiehl!;
lr irregular nepravidelny ochromit; slrnout poor chudy; chuddk
(droga itch IrtJ] svdddt, svrbdt; svdddni nutrients Ziviny pot (coll) haSiS. marihuana
jab(s) (coll) pichanec, injekce obstetrician [,obsto'trrJan] porodnik poultice ['peultrs] teply obklad;
lapo- placka; piiloZit teplj' obklad
jaundice [d3c:ndrs] 2loutenka; oculist ['okjul rst] optik
z6vist, zdSt' pregnancy tdhotenstvi, gravidita
oll'-colour (GB) slabd nevolnost
junkie (coll) 1'et'6k, zriviskik (necitit se ve svd kfiZi) prescription for st lekaisky piedpis.
recept na neco
kiss of life umdle dlch6ni offend sb urazit, dotknout se ndkoho
nechat pressure points tlakovd body (body
labour (pains) porodni bolesti ointment mast, mazdni na tepnach, ktcrd je tieba stisklout
lice, sg. louse vSi, ve5 0perate on sb operovat nekoho pro zastaveni kndceni)
lift (GB) vltah opium opium promiscuity pror-niskuita
ir
lotion roztok; plet'ovd voda orthodontist odbornik v ortodonci i prosthesis ['pros0i:srs] protdza.
lumbago il,rrn'berqeu] bederni (specializuje se na rovndtka) protetika
irstfel, houser, bolest v kiiZi osteopathy [,osti'npe0i] chiropraxe prostitute prostitut(ka), nevdstka
rka.
malaria maldrie osteoporosis [,nstieupa'rausrs] psilocl'bin (from mushrooms)
malignant Imo lrgncnt] zhoubny. odr apneni kosti. osteopor6za Isailc'saiben] druh halucinogenni
ter
rnaligni outpatient pacient v ambulantnirn drogy (vyrobcni z hub)
lnd
mania ['mernia] nidnie, zui'ivost. oSetiovdni psychiatrist Isar'karotrrst. sr-]
n6ru2ivost overall celkovy psychiatr
marij uana [,urrcrr'wcr:ne] marihuana paediatrist, paediatrician ddtski psychosis Isar'keusrs] psych6za
vy opar
ldkai psychosomatic [,sarkeusa'nrrtrk]
massage I'rliesord3, me'sord3]
masA7, rnasfrovdni pain bolcst. bolesti: pfrsobit bolest psychomaticky
skv- pus [pns] hnis
matron ['mertran] vrchni sestra painkiller lek proti bolesti
measles spalnidky pnndemic panddmie (roz3iieni ne- rabies ['rcrbi:z] vzteklina
medicaments leky. lediva n'roci rra obrovskdm irzerli) radiologist rentgenolog
'I
medicines leky, lediva parall'sed ochmuty radiotherapy radioledba, lcienf

d6i
paranoia paranoia (du5evni choroba) ozaiov6nin-r
meditation nreditace
paraplegic [,pera'pl i :dgrk] tlfkajici ramps ranrpy, naklonerre ploSiny
:dra- menopause piechod, kl irrraktirir"rnr
se paraplegie; postiZeni paraplegii rash vyrirZka
mescaline (from cactus) ['rneskclrn] (ochrnirti spodni iasti tEla, obvykle
rneskal in ( vysoce hrlucinogenni rate ohodnotit, posoudit
ndslcdkem choroby piiteie)
(osoba droea vyrdbdnii z kaktusu Lopho- receptionist sestra u piijmu pacientir:
phora Williamsii) parasite ['pie resart] parazit recepdni; sekret6ika
methl'lamphetamine peel loupat se
ridicule vysrnivat se. zesmESrior,at.
['rnc0rI,ern'fcterni:nl pervitin penicillin penicilin delat si legraci
onaleni (chemickd l6tka obsaien6 v pervi- perception vnimdni, vjem run-down vyderpany. uhoneny. r'e
patnc tinu a speedu)
Pervitin pervitin Spatndrrr zdravotninr stavu
midwif'e porodni b6ba. porodni
pharmaceutical f f-o:rnc'su:trkcl,-'sj scald Isk.'r:ld.] opaiit: opaicnina
ile asistentka ,
urtrkc I I farnracer-rticky scar Iska:] jizva, Sriim; trvale pozna-

migraine ['mi:grern,'mar-] rnigrerra menat, zjizvit
pharmaceuticals leky. lei'ir a
miracle z6zrak
physical (US) lekaiskd prohlidka, scepticism skepse. nedfivdra. pochy-
nyzem) miscarriage sarnovolny potrat vySetieni bovadnost
mononucleosis, mono (coll) rnono- physiotherapy fyzikdlni ledba, fyzi- schizophrenia [,skrtse(u)'fii:nie j
nukle6za oteraple schizofienie
morphine ['mcrfi;n] nrodln, morfi un.r pickles naklddane okurky, zelenina sciatica Isar'aetlke] ischias. zindt
mouth-to-mouth umdtd djch6ni z irst sedaciho nervu
piles (euph) he'meroidy
kovat do (rst scissors niiZky
pill tabletka, pr65ek; antikoncepdni
mumps piiuSnice; mrzut6 n6lada pilulka scratch Skrribat se, drbat se, drdpat se
.VOCABULARY. 283
HEALTH
screening for (e.g. cervical cancer, throw up zvracet SPORT bias ['L
diabetes) preventivni vySetieni tobacco tabdk v kou
acclimatization Ie,klarmetar'zcrJc]
(napi. kvili rakovind ddloZniho
tonsillitis [,tonsr'lartcs] angina akl imatizace. piizpfr:oheni se biased
dipku. cirkrovce)
ace eso (v tenisu a volejbalu) nekor
sedative ['sedetrv] lek na uklidndni, toothache bolest, boleni zubfr
tourniquet ['tuenrker,'tc:-] Skrtidlo advantage vyhoda (bod po stavu biathlo
LrtiSeni bolesti, sedativum
(k zastaveni krv6ceni) shoda v tenisu) [bar't
senility senilita + stie
tranquilliser ['trapkwrlarza] uklid- aerobics aerobik
shedding vypad6v6ni zubir. proliti bicyclir
krve iiLrjici, tiSici prostiedek, sedativum aim cil
trimester atvftleti, obdobi tii mdsicrl bike ko
shoot up pichnout si. Slehnout si all-in zdpas bez pravidel (r, z6pasu)
(drogu) truancy chozeni za Skolu, ulejv6ni biking.
amateur ['emete] amatdr
binding
shot (coll) d6vka, injekce, 5leh tuberculosis tuberkul6za, souchotiny ammunition municc, stielivo
tweezer pinzeta; vytahovat pinzetor"r birdie I
sick nernocny. chory: na zvraceni apartheid Ie'po:tart, -tert] apartheid o jede
sickness nernoc, choroba; zvraceni twist (an ankle) vymknout, podvfi- aperture l'rpetiel hledi tderri
side-effect vedlejSi irdinek; prfivodni nout, vyvrtnout si (kotnik)
apres-ski [,aprer'ski:] nrisledujici po blades I
JCV typhoid ['tarford] bii5ni tyfus; ty- celodennim lyZovdni; spoledenskii

fovf, tyfozni. podobnli tyfu block o
sign znak; uZivat znakovou ied zabava
typhus ['tarfas] skvrnitf tyfus blocker
sling, arm in a sling (zlomen6) ruka aqualung ['ekwel,t4] akvalung,
potripEdsky dyclraci piistroj bobsled
v z6vdslr / rra pdsce ulcer ['.r.1so] vied
archery lukostielba; ludiStnici ['bobr
slipped disc vyhozend plotdnka unmentionables (euph) hemeroidy iiditel
smallpox neStovice uterus ['jurteles] ddloha arrow Sip
bobsled
smear (test) test piitomnosti rakovin- vaccination [, vaksr'nerJen] odko- arrowhead hrot Sipu bodysur
nych bundk v ddloZnim hrdle v6ni, vakcinace athlete l're01irt] atlet; spofiovec bogey I
snakebite hadi uStknuti victim obdt' athletics Ia0'letrks] (lehk6) atletika na hrd
sneeze kychat, kychnout; kfchnuti vomiting zv raceni, d6veni, vrhnuti atrocious [a'treuJos] surovy; krutyi; bolt (U!
solvent rozpouitddlo ward nemocnidni odddleni; pokoj odpornf z kr.rSe
sore throat [sc: Oraut] Skrrlbrini, weight-gain piirfistek na vaze audience publikurn. divdci bore (G
boleni v krku; chrapot; z6ndt hrtanu wheelchair invalidni vozik, vozidek avalanche ['ave,lo:nJ] lavina, piival bounce
speed pervitin, povzbuzujici droga white cane bil6 slepeckri htl backboard deska, na kterdje piipev- odrazi
splint dlaha; ddt do dlah, do sddry ndn koS boundar
whore [hcr] (derog) dEvka, kurva
backhand backhand (typ [rderu pomez
sprain vyurknuti. \ iron. nara2eni. wind plyny, vdtry (ve stievech)
podvrknuti; vymknout si v tenisu) bowler I
withdrawal symptoms abstinendni ketu)
stimulant povzbuzuj ici, stimuladni piiznaky, potiZe pii odvyk6ni (dro- backstroke znak (plaveck! styl)
prostiedek gdm, 16k&rn, alkoholu) bail Spalik, kolik (v kriketu) bowling
stitch zaSit, sesit. pfisit; steh X-ray ['eksrer] rentgen, rentgenovy ball mid; micek; nadhoz, odpal bowls kr
stretcher nositka pro nemocnd snirnek; rentgenovat (v baseballu); piihr6dka (ve fbtbalu, bowstrir
v hokeji)
stroke mozkovd mrtvice zoonosis Izeu'onesis, zeuerneusis] boxing i
onemocndni pienosnd ze zviiat na ballboy sberad rnidk& pii tenisu
suffer from a disease trp€t nemoci boycott
dlovEka ban z6kaz; zakAzat
surgeon chirurg braker t
barbell vzpdradskii dinka breastst
surgery chirurgie; chirurgickli zdkrok,
operace; operadni s6l; ordinace; barrel hlaveii (zbrand) bull, bul
ordinadni hodiny baseball baseball do stie
surgical chirurgickli, operativni basefine zdkladni d6ra (napi. teniso- bullet ['l
symptom piiznak, symptom vdho dvorce) nriboj
syndrome (e.g. School Phobia Syn- basket ko5 bunch jr
drome) syndrom (napi. syndrorn bat blit na iadd k odpalovdni; p6lka zi:odr
strachu ze Skoly) but paZb
bathing cap koupaci depice
syphilis piijice. lues, sydlis butterfl;
baton ['baton] Stafetovli kolik
syringe Isr'rrnd3. srrnSl injekcni styl)
batsman, batter prilkai (v kriketu)
stiikadka butts val
beam kladina; triim, kl6da, nosnik
tablet tableta, pilulka, prd5ek pronikr
beat / defeat sb porazit ndkoho,
take sb to hospital odvezt, zavdzt caddy, c
vyhr6t nad nEkfm
ndkoho do nemocnice vozik r
belly-flop p1ac6k (skok do vody na vlch h
text-phones textovd telefony (pro
biicho)
neslySici) calculati
belt pdsek (v bojovfch umdnich) jaklirn
284 . Topic-based Vocabularv .

SPORT
bias ['baras] SiSatost koule; z6vaZi calibre kalibr, r6Ze, svdtl! priundr cyclist [sarklrstl cyklista
:erje]
v kouli; fale5 dan6 kouli v bowlingu callisthenics [,ktehs'0enrks] divdi dartboard terd na Sipky
biased againsl sb zaujatli proti gyrnnastika, rytmika, kalestenika
dash sprint
ndkomu canoeing kanoistika
defence obrana
/u biathlon (cross-country + shooting) cartridge n6bojnice, patrona
[bar'ee0len] biatlon (bdh na lylich defender obrdnce
+ stfelba) cartwheel piemet stranou, hvdzda
degree pdsek, dan (v dZudu)
bicycling cyklistika catch chyceni; chytit
deuce ldju:s, du:s] shoda (v tenisu)
bike kolo catcher zad6k. chytad, lapad (v kri-
discus disk
asu) ketu); chytaa (v baseballu)
biking j(zda na kole, cyklistika dive pot6pdt se; skodit po hlave /
cheat podv6ddt
binding lyZaiskd v6z6ni Sipku
cheer sb on povzbuzovat ndkoho
birdie ['bs:di] podet [rderri. kter! je diving potripdni
rdheid o jeden niZ5i neZ je prfimdrn! podet
chop irder shora, sek (v bojovlich
division divize
irderfr na jamku (v golfu)
umdnich)
dojo ['deodSeu] tdlocvidna; Zindnka
jici po trlades noZe brusli clamp svorka; upinadlo; kramle
(pro bojovd umdni)
:nsk6
block odraZeni irderu, blok; blokovat cleats [kli:ts] koliky na kopadkrich
downhill sjezdor e lyZor dni
blocker blokai clif(-face; strmd kolmdr stena
g
draw remiza; tah, losov6,ni soupeit
bobsled (US), bobsleigh (GB) climb st vystoupit, vyldzt, vy5plhat
dressage ['dreso:3] drezira
se n4...
['bobsled; 'bobsler] bob (z6vodni dribble klidkovat (ve fotbalu); driblo-
iiditelnd s6ne) ctips spojky; spojovaci skoby; kara-
vat (v ko5ikovd)
bobsledding boby (disciplina) biny (v horolezectvi)
drive odpdlit midek z podstavku,
bodysurf serfovat bez prkna (tdlem) club golfbv6 htl; hokejka; kuZel;
odraziStd (v golfu)
c
klub; nodni podnik
bogey ['beugi] stanoveny podet irdert driver hfil pro odp6leni midku r.ra
letika na hr6de nebo hru (par) +jeden cock nat6hrrout kohoutek; kohoutek
vdtSi vzddlenost (v goltu)
zbrand
iruty; bolt (US) stiela: Sip vystielovany drown [draun] (u)topit se
z ku5e competition soutdZ, z6vod, soutdZeni;
soupef eaglejamka zahrand dvd r6ny pod par
bore (GB) kalibr r62e (v golfu)
contest sor"lteZ
, piival bounce hazet miiem {napi. o zed'): embargo zdkaz
otlrazit mid o zem corner (red, blue, neutral) roh
'iipev- (derveny projednoho, modry pro 6p6e ['eper, c'per] kord (v Sermu)
boundary pomezni Ura; hod aL za druhdho soupeie, zbyvajicl dva jsou equestrian event
porneznf d6ru (v kriketu) neutr6lni - v boxu)
I
Ir'kwestrien r'vent] dostihy; dosti-
bowler kuZelkrii; nadhazovad v kri- counterattack protiritok hovj zrivod; jezdeckA disciplina
r) ketu)
court dvorec, kurt, hii5td ethics etika
bowlin g kuZelky; bowl in-e
coverage zpravodajstvi, report6Z event z6vod, disciplina
bowls kuZelky
cox(swain) [koks(wein)] kormidel- ex-champion bfvalf Sampi6n, pie-
btbalu. bowstring tdtiva luku nik z6vodni lodi bomik, rnistr
boxing box, boxov6ni crampons ['kraemponz] madky, expel vyloudit
.l
boycott bojkot horolezeck6 stoupaci Zeleza exposure vystaveni vlivu povdtrnosti,
braker brzdai (pii jizdd na bobech) crawl (free-style) kraul (volnj styl) zimy; pobyt venku
breaststroke prsa (plaveckli styl) crease ddra; hokej: brankoviStd; fail a drug test mit pozitivni dopin-
kriket: d6ra urcujici rizemi h6zede govi test
bull, bull's eye [bul] zdsah do terde;
do stiedu, trefa do derndho nebo pdlkaie fall p6d
)nlso- bullet ['bulrt] kulka, stiela, projektil; crew for... byt ilenem posddky u... fault chybne pod6ni (v tenisu)
n6boj cross-check krosdekovat; krosdek fencing Sermoviini, Serm
bunch jet v pelotonu, bdZet v klubku tbrdnini ve hie nedovolenym field (US) hriStd (napr. pro baseball)
z6vodnfkfi zprisobem)
riilka final(s) findle
but paZba puSky, pistole crossbar piidne bievno fotbalove
branky fire stielba. palba. vystielit
butterfly stroke motflek (plaveckli flag prapor, vlajka
styl) crossbow kuie, samostiil
.etu)
cross-country skiing bdh na lyZich flight opeieni Sipu
butts val, kter! zachycuje stiely po
rnik flippers noZni ploutve k pot6pdni di
proniknuti terdem crowd tladenice, dav lidi
), plavdni
caddy, caddie vak na gollbvd hole; course dr6ha, z6vodi5td; hiiStd (gol-
vozik na golfov6 hole; nosid golfo- fbve) foil fleret (Serm)
yna vlch holi fotballer / fbotball player fotbalista
court dvorec, kurt, hiiStd
calculating schopnf si vypoditat, pod cycle jezdit na koie football field, football pitch (GB)
,h) jakjm rhhlem odpdlit midek fotbalovd hiiStd
. VOCABULARY. 285
SPORT
fbrehand forhend (rider v tenisu) hoop obrud ko5e, koS; d6t koS, sk6ro- load nabit pass (tlr
forward irtodnik vat (v ko5ikove); obrud (v modemi lob lob (hod vysokfm obloukem napi balu)
gymnastice) v tenisu)
foul odpal do autu (v baseballu); faul; pentath
laulovat hurdles ['hardlz] bdh pies piek6Zky, lock z6vdr stielnd zbrand periods
piek6Zkovj bdh; piek6Zky
freestyle z6pas ve volndm stylu; loner samot6i, dlovdk Zijici osamdle, photo-f
plaviini volnim zpisobern hurdling bEh pies piek6Zky vyhledrivajfci samotu cilem
frost-bite ornrzlina hypocrisy Ihr'pokrrsi] pokrytectvi, longbow stiedovekSi dlouhy luk moZnr
pietv6ika
l'ullbore velkor6Zni pistole long distance ruber bdZec na dlouhd physiqL
hypothermia [,harpeu'0a:mio] tratd tuce
funicular 111 u'nrkj ule] zubadkovd hypotermie, nfzkii t6lesn6 teplota,
lanovka lose prohr6t pin vitd
podchlazeni
game hra (v tenisu) loser ten, kdo prohrdl pins ku:
ice-axe cepin (v horolezectvi)
game X hnr vyhriiv6 X luge Iu:3] sdnd. sdrikovdni pistol ((
ice-fall ledop6d
gamesmanship nesportovni choviini; magpie ['magpar] z6sah do stied- pitcher
ice hockey ledni hokej
pouZiv6ni neetickich metod k dosa- niho kruhu terde pitons I
Teni cile (pienesend) icing postaveni mimo hru (v hokeji)
marathon ['mrere0en] marat6n s odke
gauge (US) [gerd3] kalibr, rdZe infield (diamond) vnitini hiiStd, hraci zectvi
pole re kosoitverce mezi metarni mask ochrann6 maska
(zbrand) player I
(v baseballu) mat Zfn€nka
glacier ['glrsio] ledovec pole var
inner z6sah do piedposledniho me- match z6pas
glove(s) rukavice pommel
zikruZi miniature ['mrnrtJe] rnaloriiZka
goalie brankiii puck [p
inning smdna (doba. po kterouje minor nezletily
goalkeeper brankzii muZstvo na piilce), podiini (v base- Pull! [pi
mob (rozv65ndnj) dav; masy
goggles potdpddsk6 bryle ballu, v kriketu)
punch u
javelin modelled on st zaloZen na nddem,
graceful privabnj o5tdp
vychdzejici z nddeho punishn
G raeco-Roman ieckoiirnskli' jerk up smliknout, vymr5tit nahom
moraine fmo'rern] mor6na push-up
grandstand krytii tribuna s misty jeu de boules [3n de bu:l] francouz-
mountaineer, mountain climber putter ['
k sezeni skd kuZelky
na dok
greens travnatd hiiStd jockey [d3oki] zokej [,mauntI'nre,'mauntrn'klarrne] (v golf
horolezec
gymnastics gymnastika; tdlesn6 judo dZudo quarrel
mountaineering horolezectvi
vychova jumars Id5u:rnez] jumar (svorka z ku5e
mouthpiece (US) chrrinid zubri
hammer kohoutek, tdemik stielne na land, pohybujici se volnE, kter6 quarter-
(v boxu)n
zbrand zaklapne, je-li zatiLena smdrem dolri
quiver tr
- v horolezectvi) musket ['rn,rskrt] muSketa
hammerless bezkohoutkovli, majici race bdZ
skryd kohoutky (stieln6 zbrai jumping skoky net sif, sit'ka
Ait- z^\
hamerleska) jump the gun vybdhnout pied star- nil (no score) nula
racism r
handgun (US) pistole, revolver tovnirr vystielem ninepins kuZelky
racket, r
handicap d6t handicap komu, ztiZit karate [ke'ro:ti diep karate nobleman Slechtic
podminky silndjSimu v soutdZi
raft vor;
kayak kajak; jet v kajaku non-professional neprofesiondlni
rafting r
handstand stoj na rukou kick kop (v bojovfch umdnich) novice ['novrs] nov6dek
rangemt
headfirst po hlavE kickoffvfkop (zahdjeni z6pasu ve number 2 iron kovan6 golfov6 hfil zodpor
headstand stoj na hlavd fbtbalu)
oars ['c:z] vesla rapier ra
heafth penalties zdravotni potile zptr- knee bend ['nir bend] diep
obstacles piek6Zky referee (
sobend napi. sportem lane drdha (z5vodni. plaveck6...) (v rinsr
obstruction Ieb'str.r.kJen] brSndni
heat rozbdh ; rozplavba; r ozji2d'ka lead vedeni, delo (zdvodu); n6skok; ve hie regulato
helmet piilba, helma vest; mit n6skok
offside ofsajd, postaveni mimo hru reserve r
hit below the belt rilna, [der pod p6s leap skok; skodit (ve fbtbalu)
return re
hit lhe post. crossbar nasrielit tyd. league liga; svaz; spolek outer z6sah do vndj5i diisti terde
revenues
bievno (ve fotbalu) let odp6lit rnid; novy mid (v tenisu) outfield vndjii d6st hiiSte (v kriketu,
v baseballu) ribbon sr
holding drZeni (v hokeji) life-j acket zilchrannd vesta
ride jizdt
holes jamky (v golfu) lift vlek overhang pievis
rider jez,
holster pouzdro na pistoli lineout roj (pii vhazovirni z auLLr over-step pieSlap
v ragby) padding chr6nid rifle puik
home-run obdh dornt (postup bd-
Ziciho prilkaie po vlastnim odpalu linesman d6rovy rozhoddi, rozhoddi paddle p6dlo, veslo rifle-shor
pies v5echny mety aZ na metu na aiiie (v tenisu) rings kru
parachute I rprereJu:t] pad6k
dom6ci - v baseballu) linesmen pomezni rozhoddi (ve
pass prohoz (v tenisu)
rink kluz
hooliganism chulig6nstvf fbtbalu) rock-clin

SPORT
pass (the ball) piihr6t mid (ve fot- rock-fall paddni kamenri shotgun brokovnice
m napr balu) rof ler-skatin g jizda na koledkovj ch shove sb [J,tv] vrazit, narazit do
pentathlon Ipen'tre01on] pdtiboj bruslich ndkoho
periods tietiny (v lednim hokeji) root for sb fandit ndkomu shuttlecock opeieny midek (v bad-
Lmdle, photo-fi nish probEhnuti (proj eti) rope lano, provaz; ivihadlo (v mo- mlntonu)
cilem v tdsndm sledu, takZe vitdzeje demi orrmnecticc\ sidestroke ouSko (plaveckj styl)
moZno urdit pouze z fotografie rope up Splhat piipout6n na land; silencer tlumid (ve stielbE)
llouhd physique stavba tdla, tElesn6 konsti- jistit se sin-bin trestnd lavice (v hokeji)
tuce ropes (on the ropes) provazy boxer- sit-ups sedy lehy
pin vitdzstvi na lopatky (v z6pasu) skdho ringu (na provazech)
skate bruslit
pins kuZelky (n6radi) rowing veslov6ni
skate-guards chr6nide na brusle
pistol (GB) pistole, revolver rowlocks veslovd vidlice
skater bmslai
ied- pitcher nadhazovad (v baseballu) rudder kormidlo (u lodi); kor"mid-
lovat skates brusle
pitons ['pirtonz] skoby, Leleznd hieby
s odkem k upevn6ni lana (v horole- ruffian ['r,rfien] surovec, rv6d, n6sil- skeet skeet (stielba na 200 leticich
zecIvl) nik, brutrilni dlovdk asfaltovych holubri, terdri)
player hr6d rugby ragby ski-jump skok na lyZich; lyZaiskj

mfistek pro skok na lyZich
pole vault ['vo(:)lt] skok o tydi runner-up zSvodnik na druhdm mistd
ski-lift lyZaiskj vlek; lanovka
pommel horse krii na5ii s madly runners skluznice sani. sanice
ski-poles, ski-sticks lyZaiskd hole
puck [p.tk] tou5, kotoud, puk running bdh
skirack nosid na lyZe (na autd)
Pull! lpull Pal! sabre Irserbe] Savle
skier lyZai
punch udeiil. ddt ranu pdsti sailboard prkno na windsurfing
skiing lyZovrini
punishment trest sailboat plachetnice
skis lyZe
push-ups (US) kliky sailing plachtdni
skittles kuZelky
)er putter Irp,tte] kr6tk6 golfov6 hril sanctions sankce
na doklepnuti midku do jamky slam zavdsit mid (v kosikovd)
rl score vstfelit branku, sk6rovat; sk6re
(v golf'u) sled (US) s6n6
scorekeeper zapisovatel bodi bdhem
quarrel (GB) stiela, Sip vystielovanj hry sledge (GB) sdnd; s6nd taZend psy
z kr"r3e sleigh s6nd taZend koimi
I scorer stielec branky; zapisovatel
quarter-fi nal(s) dtvrtflnrile vysledkfr slope lyZaiskj'svah
quiver toulec (v lukostielbd) scrum mlyn (z6pas o mid v ragby) smallbore malordZka
race bdZet, letdtjako o z|vod, zdvo- scuba ['sku:be] kyslikovd bomba snatch trh (ve vzpirdni)
dit1' z6vod (v pot6pEni) snorkel Snorchl (dj'chaci tmbice)
racism rasismus SCUBA (Self-Contained snowmobile snEZnj sk{itr
racket, racquet ['rekrt]raketa Underwater Breathing
soccer evropsky fotbal. kopand
raft vor; jizda na raftu Apparatus) akvalung (pot6pdci
ilni dlichaci piistroi) somersault l's,r.meso(:)lt] salto
rafting raltin g, raftov6ni
sculling ['sk,th4] veslov6ni na moii spare srazit v5echny druhjm hodem
rangemaster pracovnik stielnice za portLiti p6rovych vesel (v bowlingu)
i hfil zodpovddnli za bezpednost
scufls skuldrsk4. zdvody (od r. 1931 sparring stinovy box (nap16zdno)
rapier rapir; kord (Serm) souiasti primatorek. zucastnit se spectacle efektni podivanii
referee (in the ring) rozhoddi mfiZe veslai, kterli dosud neziskal
(v ringu) spells tietiny (v lednim hokeji)
ndni titul mistra v p6rovd disciplind)
spiker smedai (volejbal)
regulator regul6tor (v potdpdni) self-defence sebeobrana
rhru spikes tretry
reserve n6hradnik semiautomatic poloautomaticky;
samonabijeci spin pimeta; todit se v pimetd (v kra-
return retum (uder v tenisu)
)e sobrusleni)
revenues piijmy, v!nosy semi-fi nal(s) semifin6le
'iketu, sportsman spofiovec
ribbon stuha (v moderni gymnastice) serve pod6vat; pod6ni
sportsperson sportovne zabLeny
ride jizda set set (v tenisu)
dlovdk
rider jezdec shamateur ['Jame,ta:, -tjue, -te]
sportswoman sponovkynd
poloamatdr (ofici6lnd nehraje za
rifle puSka, rudnice springboard skokanskd prkno
penize, ale dost6vdje)
rifle-shooting stielba z puSky sprint sprint
shin-guards chr6nide holeni
rings kruhy (tdlocvidnd n6iadi) sprinter sprintdr
shoot stiilet; hodit; piihr6t
rink kluziStd; hokejovd hiiStd stadium sporlovni stadion
shot-putting vrh kouli
rock-climbing lezeni po skal6ch stands tribuna na sportovnim stadionu
.VOCABULARY. 287
SPORT
starting block startovni, startovaci toboggan nizkd s6nd, tobogan; dloultd MEDIA caption
blok dopravni s6nE; toboganovri dr6ha titul
abusive [a'bjursrv] urhLliv'i, hanl ivli
steeplechase steeplechase (konskli touch6 [tru'Jer] tu5d (zvol6ni pii accuse sb of st obvinit ndkoho z nd-
cartogri
dostih s piekdZkami; bdh na 3000 z6sahu v Sennu nebo pii obratne cartoon
deho
metrfi piekdZek); terenni bdh (pies- odpovEdi v debatd); z6sah karika
polni, lesni, silnidni) advertiser iUS,1 reklarnni noviny.
tournament ['toanement,'tc:-] kter6 jsou distribuov6ny zdarma cassette
stern z6d'lodi turnaj tofon
aerial (GB) televizni antdna
stick hokejka (v lednim hokeji) towed by... ltoud] tazeni, vledeny. .. cause zF
affect sb [a'fekt] ovlivnit, postihnout
sticks lyZaiskd hole towel ['tauol] rudnik ndkoho censorsl
stock paZba transfer piestup agreement dohoda channel
stopwatch stopky travel ud6lat kroky; kroky (piestupek (napi.
AM (Amplitude Modulation) stiedni
strike srazit viechny prvnim hodem v ko5ikov6) chat sho
vlny (vlnov6 ddlka
(v bowlingu) tremble chvdt se. ti6st se rozhlar
anchor(man) moder6tor, hlasatel
osobnr
string oul be7etjeden za druhym trigger spouSt' announce ozn6mit
(roztaleny peloton) chat-shc
triple jump trojskok announcer rozhlasovy nebo televizni rozhlar
stroke ider (v tenisu, v golfu) tripping podraZeni hlasatel, sportovni koment6tor
circulati
stump tydka branky (v kriketu) trunks p6nskd plavky antenna (CB) antena (vdtSinou velk6,
civil ser,
submission neschopnost odolat sou- umpire [',r,mpaIe] rozhoddi, soudce; komerdni)
peiovu chvatu rozhodovat, soudit
civil leg:
antenna 1US) antena (vetsinou pro
obdans
substitute n6hradnik umpires (at ringside) rozhoddi (na dom6cnost)
classifier
surf jezdit na pi(bojoviich vlniich, vndjSi strand ringu) apply a law uplatnit. pouLit zitkon
surfovat vault ['vo(:)lt] pieskok (ve sportovni article dl6nek nndle t
surfboard surf, surfbvaci prkno gymnastice)
arts umdni clone vdr
surfing surfov6ni violent n6silnf assistant editor z6stupce Sdfredaktora coach pr
suspended suspendovany, dodasnd visor ['varzo] maska, hledi attack Io'tek]napadat, napadnout; se poid
vylouieny volley volej (rhder do mide) [rtok nechori
suspension vyloudeni; odloZeni, volleyball volejbal attitude towards st postoj k nddemu column r
suspendovdni, sestup o tiidu niZ

water-skiing vodni lyZovAni auxiliary verb pomocne sloveso comic st
v sout€Zi
wax vosk dov6ni
swimming plav6ni back podporovat
weightlifting v zpirAni commen
swordfi ghting Isc:dfartrp] Serm; ban (on st) zitkaz (nddeho); zakLzat
wetsuit neoprdnov6 kombindza current i
Sennovdni medem bass basovy, hlubok!; bas
white-water (canoeing) divokd voda compact
swordplay Isr:dpler] senx. Sermo- be concerned with st zabyvat se
vdni medem; Serrniiskj vlistup; (kanoistika) nddim compari
slovni Serm wicket branka (v kriketu) bid for st snaha, irsili; usilovat o ndco compere
table stirl win zvitdzit, vyhrdt bold tudn6 pisnto competil
tackle brdnit ve hie ftodnikovi; kryt win a match vyhr6t zdpas, zvitdzit book review kniZni recenze complex
soupeie s midem; zadrLet, sloLit
windsurf pestovat windsurfi ng box rdmedek concept-
itodiciho hr6de v ragby
winger hr6d na kiidle branding typ reklamy, vyzdvihuj ici consister
tackling br6ndni
winner vitdz jednu znadku (napi.: A chocolate bar contrast
takeoff odraz is a Mars bar.)
take up st zablivat se dim; zadit
rvishbone r6hno pro drZeni (v sur- control i
fingu) bribery kompce; riplatk6istvi controls
znovu s dim
wood dievdn6 golfov6 h0l bribery charges obvindni z korupce convenie
target ['to;grt] terd
wrestling ['resirq] z6pas brightness jas pdknd
tee off odp6lit rr.rid z podstavku, odra-
ziStd (v golfu) yachting ['jotrq,'j o:tr4 ] jachtaiskf brilliant vynikajici. skvdly convey tl
sport broadcaster rozhlasovy, televizni pfedat I
tennis tenis
hlasatel; reportdr; koment6tor copy text
terraces tribuna k steni (ve fotbalu) klamy)
broadcasting rozhlasovd, televizni
threequarter(s) tiidtvrtka, levj nebo vysil6ni copywrit
prav! vnitini ftoenik (v ragby)
broadsheet noviny velkdho fbrm6tu corporat
throw hdzet. hodit; hod
button tladitko, knofl ik
throw-in vhazov{ni eesq so
byJine novinovj' podtitulek se jntd-
ticket listek, vstupenka nem autora dldnku creative r
tie-break rozhodujici hra na konci pracovr

cable kabelovd televize
nerozhodndho setu (v tenisu) critic krit
capitals velkd pismena
timekeeper dasomdiid

MEDIA
caption text pod obr6zkem; nadpis, crosshead podtitulek, mezititulek formerly diive; kdysi
tirul crossword (puzzle) kiiiovka fortnightly dtm6ctidenik; dtmdcti-
lanlivi
cartographer kartograf current affairs soudasnd, aktu6lni denni; dtm6ctidennd
z ne-
cartoon kreslenf vtip, seri6l; komiks; ud6losti freelance na voln6 noze
karikatura cut omezeni, sniZeni, redukce; ome- free-sheet reklamni noviny, kterd jsou
ny,
ma cassette recorder kazetovy Inagne- zit, sni,2it distribuovdny zdarma
tofbn damage sb's reputation poSkodit frequency frekvence
cause zpfisobit; dfivod, piidina nddijmdno, znidit dobrou povdst front page prvni strana novin; titulni
,tihnout
censorship l'senseJrp] cenzura deal dohoda striinka knihy
channel televizni kan6l; program debate, discussion debata, diskuse funded from sb, st financov6n nd-
(napi. CT l, CNN...) decency ['dirsensi] slu5nost, sluSn6 k1im, z nddeho
;tiedni
chat show / talk show (US) televizni, chov6ni gadget piistroj
rozhlasovii beseda (se zn{mymi designer n6vrhiii; vlitvamik give away (GB) reklamni noviny,
rtel
osobnostmi) kterd jsou distribuov6ny zdarma
despicable behaviour Idr'splkebl]
chat-show host moder6tor televizni, opovrZenihodnd, ohavnd chov6ni glossy dasopis ti5tdnf na leskldm
,levizni rozhlasove besedy
difTer in approach to st li5it se v pii- kiidovem papiru
]I
circulation nriklad; obdh stupu k nddemu go downhill upadat, horiit se. jit
r velk6,
civil service stdtni sluZba disagreement neshoda; nesouhlas z kopce
civil legal proceedings against... disc jockey / deejay DJ graft korupce; riplatkdistvi
r pro
obdanskoprdvni ifzeni s... graph graf, diagram, obrazec
dismiss propustit
classified advertisements inzertni graphics uZit6 grafika; grafickd nre-
kon
d6st periodickdho tisku (rozddlend
distract attention from st odv6ddt
pozornost od nddeho tody, prostiedky
podle typu inzer6tt)
distract sb from st odvdst ndkoho od gutter press bulvdrni tisk
clone vEmd kopie; klon
nddeho habitually drunk alkoholik, notorik,
:daktora coach potato peciv6l, dlov6k" kter5i'
distributor distributor; roznaSed neustiile opilf
)out; se poi6d div6 na televizi a nikan.r
nechodi documentary dokument6rni fi lm half-truths polopravdy
column sloupec; rubrika; sloupek due to st nAsledkem nddeho; kvirli headline novinovj' titulek
ddemr-r
comic strip kresleny seridl na pokla- nddemu help wanted (US) voln6 mista (inze-
SO
dovdni v periodickdm tiskr.r duplicate ['dju:plrket] kopie; dupli- r5ty)
comment pozniimka; kritika kAt host (talk show) konferencier, mode-

kivat riitor (v talk show)
current affairs soudasnd udiilost edition vyddni; n6klad; verze
editorial assistant dlen redakce image obr6zek; pfedstava
compact disc CD, c6d6dko
SC
editorial irvodnik, redakdni dl6nek vigorously ['vrgeresl il driraznd
comparison with st srovn6ni s nddim
editor-in-chief Sdfredaktor, hlavni inadequately nepii rndiend
. o ndco compere ['kompee] konf'erencidr
redaktor indifferent to st lhostejny k nEdemu
competition soutdZeni, soutdZ
eject vysLlnout inquire into zabyvat se dim
complex sloZityi. komplikovany
embarrassment rozpaky; z6leZitost integrity mravni bezihonnost,
concept poJem vzbuzljici rozpaky integrita
hujici consistency of style jednotnost stylu encourage st, sb podporovat ndco, interference interference. vz6jemnd
llate bar contrast kontrast ndkoho; dodat n6kornu odvahu ruSeni (piijmu rozhlasovj'ch stanic)
control iidit; ovt6dat endure sn65et intruding obtEZoviini
controls ovl6daci prvky established fact nepopiratelnd sku- investigate st vySetiovat, zkoumat ndco
)rupce tednost
conveniently bez obtiLi; pohodlnd; investigation into st vySetiov6n(
pdknd evidence dfrkazy nddeho
convey the message sdElit zprdvu. exaggeration Irg,zad3a'rerJen] investigative reporting investigativnf
izni piedat sddleni nadsazovdni, zvelidov6ni Zurnalistika
rr copy text (napi. inzer6tu nebo re- fast forward rychlf posun dopiedu, irresponsible neodpovddn j'
vizni klamy); exempl6i, vftisk; kopie rychle piet6deni issue ['IJur, 'rsju:] vyd6ni, dislo;
copywriter reklamni textai feature hlavni dl6nek; hlavni pro- probldm, ot6zka
rmdtu corporate identity gram; uvdst na vyznadnern mistd italics Ir'tehks] kurziva
['kc:peret ar'dentrti] stavovsk6 fight st br6nit nddemu, bojovat journal ['dgs:nl] denik; odbornj'
jmd- dest, soun6leZitost s nddim dasopis
:
creative director tvfirdi vedouci license fee koncesion6iskli poplatek jumble piehiizet; promichat
pracovnik FM (Frequency Modulation) VKV knob [nob] knoflik (napi. rozhlaso-
critic kritik, recenzent (velmi kr6tkd vlny) vdho nebo televizniho piijimade)
. VOCABULARY. 289
MEDIA
lapdog journalism popnl istick6, phone-in / call-in (US) poiad za- resign rezignovat subtitle
servilni Zurnalistika loZen! na telefonicklich dotazech responsible odpovddnj; nesouci sue sb fi
lead story hlavni zprdva v novin6ch posluchadt di div6ki; voln6 tribuna zodpovddnost uriiZkt
leader, leading article [rvodnik, photographer Ife'tngrefe] fotograf restrictions on st omezeni nddeho supplen
redakdni dliinek pie chart kruhovj graf review recenze, kritika tek, dr
leave out vynechat, vynechiivat play hr6t; hra, drama reviewer recenzent, kritik surge [s
letter dopis; pismeno t?J*f Piehrdni nahtandho z6- rewind l,ri:'warnd] pietoiit zpet
stoupa
libel ['larbl] pomluva, uriiZka na cti survey I

rise stoupnout, stoupat piehle
(pisemnri); veiejn6 ndkoho odernit plummet ['pl,rmrt] padat; prudce
klesat
rocket prudce vzrust, vyletdt nahoru switch t
Iibellous ['larbeles] nactiutrhadni,
hanlivj popular press bulv6mi tisk row [rau] neshoda; nesouhlas; hddka zapnot
licence fee koncesion6isk! poplatek pornography [pc:'nogrefi] pomo- rumours / gossip fdmy, klepy switch i
(za rozhlas, televizi) grafie; sprostota satellite dish satelitni antdna (talii) tabloid
line iridek press tisk scan zbEZnd prohlddnout, pieletdt ldho 1i
live broadcast piimy pienos, Ziv6 preview piedpremidra hry, filmu; odima tabloid
vysil6n( piedbdZnd recenze (pied uvedenim screen obrazovka talks ro;
local n-ristni dila); upout6vka na televizni poiad sensationalised Isen'serJenelarzd] vdni)
lonely hearts osameld srdce. seznd- prime time / peak time (US) hlavni plnd senzaci target a
meni (inzertni rubrika) vysilaci das sensitive citlivli dteniii
long wave dlouh6 vlnov6 ddlka printer tiskai; tiskdrna serial seri6l, dilo na pokradoviini taxation
fem'd
loom rysovat se; b1h na spadnuti probe vy5etiovdni, proietieni; hledat, set piipravenf ; ochotnli
zkoumat, vySetiovat tax reve
low-grade podiadnf, men6 hodnotnj sexist sexisticky, stranici jednomu
production editor vyirobni redaktor pohlavi the box
magazine dasopis
prohibit Iprr.ie'hrbrt]zak6zat, nedo- shared authorship kolektivni autorstvi the tube
mail-order objedn6vka zboZi po5tou volit
podle katalogu short wave kr6tk6 vlnovrl d6lka timer da
promise slib; slibit trade pl
mainstream media vdt5inov6 media sitcom (situation comedy) situadni
proof-reader korektor komedie (v televizi) odbon
medium stied; prostiedek; mddium Dezne
public service radio veiejnopriivni situations vacant (GB) voln6 mista
medium wave stiedni vlnovd d6lka rozhlas transmi
(inzerity)
merger spojeni; sloudeni; frlze publisher (owner) nakladatel(stvi); transmi
skim the headlines proldtnout
miscellaneous [,mrsel'ernies] tfka- vydavatel; majitel (novin) (zbdLnd prohl6dnout) titulky treble v.
jici se rfiznSich tdmatl ruznd
quality newspaper kvalitni, seri6zni sleazy (derog) vulg6mi trigger:
monopoly [me'nopeli]] monopol noviny (velkj'formdt)
small-ads kr6tkd inzer6ty tuner (h
monthly mEsidnik; mEsidni; mdsidnE quality press seri6zni tisk tuner (
smear campaign
negotiations jedn6ni, vyjedniiviini, quarterly dtvrtletnik; dtvrtletni; zvuk)
Ismre kaem'pern] organizovan6
rozhovory dtvrtletnd oderiovaci kampai, (napi. sdrie turn up
newscaster (US) hlasatel, kteryt ob- quit rezignovat novinovych dl6nkn) zeslabi
vykle dte zpr6vy race bdZet, Ietdt jako o zi;od, zi;o- soap (opera) kornerini seridl (roz- TV com
newsreader (GB) hlasatel, ktenj dit; zi;od hlasovf nebo televizni, obvykle TV host
obvykle dte zprdvy z rodinn6ho Zivota)
racist rasistickj'; rasista TV set tr
obituary Ie(u)'brtJueri] nekrolog radio set radiopiijimad source zdroj, pramen
type tisk
obviously ziejmd real estate nemovitost(i), reality special correspondent zvl6Stni
zpravodaj typeface
oppose st oponovat, odporovat
rebel forces ['rebel] oddily vzbou- typesetti
neaemu
iencri, povstalcri spending vjdaje
opt for st rozhodnout se pro ndco sports editor sportovni redaktor typical t
receiver (tech) piijimad; sluch6tko neco
page 3 girls fotografie nahlch divek state-run stiitni, iizen), stAtem
recognize ddt najevo: zjistit: uznat ugly Ska
na 3. strand bulviirniho tisku static atmosfdrick!; statickj (tlikajici
record frr'kc:d] nahrdt unbiaser
p ap a r azzi p apar azzi ( senzacechtivi se atmosf6rickyich poruch)
lovci fotografii) reduction omezeni, sniZeni, redukce nestrar
stringer redaktor. kteryi pracuje pro
parody st parodovat nEco refuse odmitat, odmitnout vice redakci unscran
reject odmitat, odmitnout sloZit,
periodical dasopis; pravidelnf strip kresleny seridLl na pokradov6ni
reliable sources spolehlivd, hodno- v periodickdm tisku variety s
personal['pe:sanl] ozn6meni (in-
zertni rubrika v novin6ch tVkaiici se vdmd zdroje sub-editor pomocny redaktor; spolu- verbose
jednotlivjch osob) reliance on st spoldh6ni na nEco vydavatel uZvani
persuasion Ipe'swer5en] piesvdd- remote (control) drilkovd ovl6d6ni subhead podtitulek, mezititulek video ca
deni, smf5leni, mindni, ndzor (rekorr
report zpr6va (novinovil) subscription to st piedplatnd nEdeho

CULTURE
subtitle podtitulek, mezititulek violence ndsili CULTURE

cl sue str for libel [su:] Zalovat koho pro volume hlasitost accordion Ie'kcrdien] akordeon,
ur6Zku na cti vow [vau] slib; slibit, slibovat tahaci harmonika
eho supplement novinov6 piiloha; doda- want ad, wanted kr6tkj inzerdt. accurately piesnd
tek, doplndk kterym se hled6 zarndstn6ni, ruznd act akt, ddjstvi,jedn6ni div. hry; hr6t
surge Is:ld3] prudce stoupnout, piedmdty apod. roli
stoupat wavelength vlnov6 ddlka act st out piedv6ddt, hr6t ndco
)et
survey ['sa;veI] anketa; dotazovdni; weekly tjdenik; tlidnd, kaZdli tliden adapt (for) upravit, adaptovat (pro)
piehled
welfare soc i6lni zabezpe(eni admire sb, st obdivovat se nCkomu,
ahoru switch the set off / on vypnout / necemu
h6dka zapnout piijimad
adulthood dospElost
swilch vypinai. piepinai. spinad
adventure dobrodruZstvi
alii) tabloid bulr arni platek tnoviny ma-
ldho fbrm6tu) advertisement reklama, reklamni film
ilet
tatrloid press bulvdmi tisk afterword doslov
talks rozhovory (edn6ni, vyjedn6- air Iee] melodie. ndpev. arie
nzdf v6ni) aisle [ar1] ulidka rnezi sedadly

target audience ['torgrt'c:diens] alien ['erlien.l cizinecl vetrelec: cizi:
dten6isk6 obec urditdho zamdieni nepi6telskli
ni taxalion piijem z dani: dahovy s1 s- alto ['rlteu] alt; altistka; altsaxofon;

tdm; dand viola
ta\ revenues piijmy z danf an R-film (restricted) film nepii-
)mu
the box (coll) bedna, televtze stupny ddtem
the tube (coll) bedna, televtze ancestor ['anseste] piedek

ltorstvi
timer dasovy spinad animation animace; kreslenj fi1m
a
trade press noviny nebo dasopisy pro anthem ['en0em] hymna
acni
odbomiky, zasilane piimo (nelze je antiquarian bookseller
bdZnd koupit) [,rentr'kweerien] antikvari6t
mista
transmit vysilat appendix, pl. appendixes, appendi-
transmitter vysilad ces [e'pendrks] rejstiik, dodatek
treble vysok6 frekvence t6ni, v1iSky applaud Ie'plcrd] tleskat, aplaudovat

trigger zpfisobit, odstafi ovat aria l'c:rie] 6rie
tuner (hi-fi) ['harfar] ladici zaiizeni, arran gement hudebni riprava, zpra-
tuner (hi-fi : dokonale reprodukuj ici cov6ni
'anit zvuKJ artist ['crtrst] umdlec, zv165tE malii

irie turn up / down the volume zesilrit I artiste [o:'ti:st] artista
zeslabit (zvuk, hlasitost) assassin Ie'sresIn] vrah, atentdtnik
roz- TV commercial televizni reklama atlas ['ret1es] atlas
kle TV host televizni moder6tor attendance n6vStEvnost, podet pii-
TV set televizni piryimad tomnych n6vStdvnikfr
type tiskovj typ, pismo; ps6t na stroji auditorium, pl. auditoriums, audito-
I
typeface druh pisma ria [,c:dr'tcrriem] hiediStd, s61

typesetter sazei: sdzeci stroj author's proofs autorskSr korektura
typical of st piiznadnli, typickj pro autobiographical
or
ndco [,c:teu,bareu' graefikal] autobio-
grafickf
ugly Skaredj, oSk1iv1i, nehezky
jkaj ici autobiography l,crteubar'ogrefi]
unbiased [,tn'barest] nezaujatj, autobiografie. r lastni Zivolopis
nestranny, objektivni
e pro avanl-garde l,rvon:'go:dl avant-
unscramble [.tn'skrrmbl] spojit; gardni
slozit, d6t dohromady
ov6ni backstage zdkulisi; z6kulisni
variety show varietni piedstaveni
bagpipes dudy
spolu-
verbose drunkard [ve:'beus, ve-]
uZvan6ny opilec balalaika balalajka
video cassette recorder (VCR) video balcony balk6n
:k
(rekorddr) ballad balada
nddeho
.VOCABULARY. 291
CULTURE
band kapela, hudebni skuprna; chapter kapitola counterpoint kontrapunkt; zdfraznit; drumm,
orchestr charcoal ['tJo:keul] kresliiskj uhel; kontrastovat drumsti
banjo bendZo kresba uh1em, uhlokresba; dievdnd country country (hudba) (drube
bar taktov6 ddra; takt uhli cover deska; vazba dry poir
traritone baryton cheer['t.fre] povzbuzovat, provol6vat crayon kreslici uhe1, pastel suchor
sl6vu dubbed
barrack pokiikovat, povykovat, cunning prohnany, mazany, vychyr
piskat na ndkoho chisel ['tJrzell dldto: sekai: rnajzlik: ral'! dulcime
dlabat; sekat; tesat stroJ p
bass [bers] basovy, hlubok!; kontra- curtain ['kartn] opona; z6clona;
bas, basa choir [kware] pdveckj sbor; skupina zaves dustjacl
stejnfch n6strojfi v orchestru
bassoon [be'surn] fagot curtain call vyvol6v6ni idinkujicich easel ['i
chorus ['kc:rss] ch6r (antickj; po- potleskem
battle bitva; boj; zrlpas stava alZbdtinsk6ho dramatu); sbor edit stiil
beheading stdti; useknuti hlavy (per ecky. taneini v opeie. operetd. cut iezat; stiihat vitkv
believable vdrohodnli mnzilz4l,,\'refrdn cutting room stiiZna educatir
chronicle l'kronrkl] kronika; zazna- cymbalon dulcimer (strunnf ndstroj naucn'
bells zvonky; zvony
menat, zapsat piipominajici cimb6l) electron
bitrliography [,brb1i'ogrefi] biblio-
grafie, bibliologie clap (one's hands) tleskat cymbals ['srmbelz] dinely elegy e|
binding (cloth, leather) kniZni vazba clarinet [,klarr'net] klarinet dauber (infml) [dcrbe] Spatnj malii, emergel
(p16tno, kiZe) classic klasika; klasicky, tradidni mazal emit [r'r
biography lbar'ogrefi I zivoropis classical klasickj deadly smnici. vraZedrry: hrozny. encounl
straSnj s ndkl;
blues blues classical music v6Zn6, klasick6 hudba
dedication v6nov6ni encyclol
blurb reklama, upout6vka na ziio\ce clay jil; sochaiskri, hmdiisk6 hlfna
knihy nebo v tisku deserve fdr'zarv] zaslouZit si, zaslu- encyk
climb on the bandwagon hovat
boast chlubit se, vychloubat se endnote
[kiarm 'band,wregen] piidat se
k vitdzne strand; ,,chytit vitr" detective story detektivka krihy
boo vypiskat ndkoho; volat hanba, fuj
clip klip diary ['dateri] denik, z6pisnik engrave
booklet kniZka, broZura
cloakroom ['kleukrum, -ru:m] dictionary slovnik (kniha) epic ['e1
bookshop knihkupectvi
Satna; toaleta (GB); pieds6li parla- dilettante, pl. dilettantes, dilet- epilogur
bouquet [bu'ker] kytice tanti [,drlr'trenti] diletant; amatdr;
mentu (US) zav€r
bow [beu] smydec ochotnik
close-up zihdr zblizka erotic [r
box l6Ze director Idar'rekte, dr'-] reZisdr; smyslr
collage ['kolor3] kol6Z; ddlat kol62e
..liricpn+.;o..litol
brochure ['breuJe] broZura, 1et6k etching
column ['kolom] sloupec sazby;
brush Stdtec; kart6d; smet6k sloupek; sloup disco diskotdka euphoni
brushes metlidky comedian komik; autor komedii discordant disonantni ; disharmonickli mal6 t
bugle | 'bj u:gl I trubka: polnice: comedy veselohra, komedre distance shot z6bdr zd6lk1, excitem
sign6lni roh distributors distributoii; pfijdovna exhibit
complimentary ticket voln6, destnd r
bursl inlo applause zaiit tleskat. vstupenka filmrj exhibiti,

propuknor-rt v potlesk documentary dokument6rni fi lm
composer skladatel expectat
bust bysta; poprsi doggerel ['dogerel] kostrbaty verS,
concert-goer n6vStdvnik koncerttr experinr
butterflies in the stomach (coll) biisei psan6 v kostrbatych, neumd-
concert-hall koncertni sii i!ch ver5ich extras 0
ner,,ozita, trdma
concerto Ikon'tJeeteu] koncert dolly shot zdbdrjedouci kamerou facsimil
by heart zpamdti, nazpamdt' frkrc
pro s61ov1i n6stroj s doprovodern f
cacophonous I ke'kofenesl kakofo- orchestru double bass ['d,tbl bers] kontrabas zmene
nickli, nelibozvudnli drama divadelni hra; drarnatickd
conductor dirigent fade in:
cameraman kameraman; fotoreporldr umdni, drama
connoisseur [,kone'ss:] znalec fade oul
cantata fkrn'torta] kant6ta drawing kresba; ndkres; vykres
considerable znadny faded cc
canvas ['krenves] maliiskd plitno; drench promodit, prom6det, zm6(,et
contemporary soudasny; soudasnik failure I
malba, obraz dress circle (GB) balk6n
contents obsah fanfare
cartoon fko:'tu:n] kresleny seri6l, dress rehearsal gener6lni zkouika vyhl6s
komiks; kreslenj, vtip copyright autorskd pr6,vo
dressing room hereck6 Satna fantasy
cast list osoby a obsazeni cornet ['kc;nrt] komet; kornetista
drive-in (US) kino, restaurace, banka farce fra
castanets kastanEty corpse (coll) [kc:ps] mrlvola; zkazit apod., kam lze vjet autem
divadelni vlistup, vyvdst herce favourit
cello, pl. cellos ['tJeleu] violoncello, drum buben
z konceptu
cello
costume designer n6vrh6i kostjmfi drum sb out ofst vyhnat, vyloudit fiction b
chant [tJo:nt] zpdv, n6pdv; liturgickj ndkoho z nddeho
zpdv; Zalm; zazpivat; recitovat costumes kostfmy fiddle at
drum set bici (n6stroje) si; mar

CULTURE
drummer bubenik fife piSfala, pikola harp [ho:p] hart'a; hr6t na harfu
drumstick palidka na buben; pedeni filthy obscdnni; 5pinavyi'; hnusny harp on about st st6le mluvit o n€-
(drubeZi) stehno fine pokuta dem
dry point such6jehla na ryti; rytina fire curtain bezpednostni opona harpsichord ['ho:psrkc:d] cembalo
suchou jehlou; rjt suchoLr jehlou
have a long run byt dlouho souddsti
first night premidra
/chyr- dubbed dabovany repertoaru
flat tcin o pil t6nu sniZenf (bddko)
dulcimer ['d,rlslme] dulcimer 1nd- have an ear for music mit hudebni
stro.1 podobnj cimbSlu) flop propadak. tiasko. neuspdch
sluch
dustjacket obal, piebal flugelhorn kiidlovka
head hlava; hlavidka; blit v cele, r,dst
j icich easel f i:zell maliisky stojan flute fldtna
heading z|hlavi, nadpis, titul
edit stiihat, sestiihat; sestavit; piipra- flyleaf, pl. flyleaves ['flarli:fl volnl;'
heavy metal heavy metal (druh rocko-
vit k vydrini list, priizdnf, kryci list
vd hudby); tdZkf kov
educational v11chovn1i, vzd6ldvaci, folk ffeuk] lidovli hero ['hrereu] hrdina
rsrroJ naudny follower stoupenec. piivrZenec
heroine ['hereurn] hrdinka (hlavni
electronic elektronickli' footnote pozniimka pod darou postava dila)
ef egy elegie, Lalozpd,v foreword piedmluva hi-hat, high hat Slapaci dinely (sou-
malii, emergency exit nouzovy vlchod foyer ['fcrer] kulodr, foyer d6st bicich)
emit Ir'mrt] vysilat. vyd6vat frame r6m (obrazu); okdnko (filmu); hiss vypiskat
n:i.
encounter sb Iln'kaontc] setkat zasazeni, r6mec (ddje) historical novel historickj romiin
se
s ndkj'm fraudulent ['frc:djulent] podvodnj'. humour (GB), humor (US)
encyclopaedia Irn,sarkle'pi:dic] faleSnli ['hju:me] hunror; n6lada, rozpolo-
zasl u- encyklopedie; naudny slovnik free verse volny ver5 2eni
endnote koncovd pozn6mka (na konci French horn lesni roh hymn Ihrm] hymnus, cirkevni piseii.
knihy nebo d6sti knihy) chvalozpdv
full house vyprodanli s6[
engraver rytec gala performance ['go:la] gala
illustration [,rle'strerJsn] ilustrace
epic ['eprk] epick6 biiseii, epos piedstaveni improvise improvizovat
r- epiloguc ['eprlog] epilog, doslov, gallery galerie; nejvyS5i balk6n. in the wings v z6kulisi
zavEr poi'adi v hledi5ti index, pl. indices, indexes ['rndeks]
erotic Ir'rotrk] erotick!; milostny; gangway (GB) ulidka mezi iadami seznam; rejstiik
ir; smyslny sedadel instrumental instrument6lni
etching ['etJrp] lept genre ['gon:re, '3on-] Z6nr intellectual property duSevni vlast-
euphonium [ju:'feuniem] eufonium, grand piano [grand pi'ieneo] kon- nictvi
ronickli mal6 tuba certni kiidio; klavir interior Irn'trerie] interier
excitement nadSeni graphics grafika. grafickd metody, intermission [,rnte'mrJan] piestdvka
vna exhibit uk6zat, ddt najevo; vystavovat prostiedky
interval ['rntevo l] piestdvka
exhitrition vystava grisly l' grrzlil piiSernj, nahrindjici
intrigue ['rntri:g] intriky
m hrrizu
expectation oiekdv6ni, nadEje introduction [rvod
rer5, group skupina: hudebni skupina
experimental experimentiilni jacket obal, piebal, obdlka
umd- grunge [gr.tnd3] hudebni a m6dni
extras dlenov6 kornparsu, statistd styl pod6tku 90. let 20. stoleti; jazz diez
lu facsimile reprint rockov6 m6da jazz st up (inlmltddr necemu Srnrnc.
ffak'srmrli ,rir'prlnt] dotisk v ne- guesswork dohady trochu Zivota
lbas
zmdndndm vyd6ni
guitar kytara kettle drums tymp6ny, kotle
.d
fade in zesilit zvuk; roztmivat obraz
hammond organ varhany Hammond ke5board kldr esnice, klaviarurr
fade out zeslabit zvuk; zatmivat obraz (elektronickd se dvdma kl6vesni- keyboards kldvesove ndstroje
faded colours vybledld, vyrudle barvy cemi)
6iet lacklustre ['laek, l,tste] fddni, bezduchli
failure ['ferlj a] nerispEch handbook piirudka, pnivodce landscape krajina
fanfare [' fen fee] fanf6ra; vytroubit, happy ending 5t'astnf konec, happy-
ika latecomer opozdilec
vyhl6sit end
launch llc:ntJl uvdst na trh; vypustit
fanlasy ['fen tasi] fi kce: l'antazie hardback vinanlkniha ve tvrdjch
banka desk6ch layman laik
farce fra5ka
harmonica Iho:'rnnnrke] foukaci leather binding ['lede 'barndr4]
favourite (GB), favorite (US) obli-
harmonika koZenii vazba
benf; oblibenec
IClt harmonious [ho;'meunies] harmo- litrrarian knihovnik
fiction beletrie; fikce
nick17; libozvudn! limerick limerik (p6tii6dkov6 vtipn6
fiddle about, around hriit. pohr6vat
harmony ['ho:monil harmonie nebo nesmysln6 rlimovadka)
si; marnit das
.VOCABULARY.
293
CULTURE
lino cut ['larneu k.r.t] linoryt nursery rhyme detsk6 iikanka piano accordion pianov6, kl6vesov6 pulp lite
lithograph ['h0eugro:f] litografi e oboe ['eobeu] hoboj; varhanni harmonika punk m
rejstiik piccolo pikola (maki fldtna) purple I
live theatre Iarv '0rete, 0i'ete]
skutedne, opravdove divadlo obscure nejasnSi pick vybmk6vat, brnkat; vybrat put dor
lobby kutodr; fbyer observe Ieb'zerv] pozorovat piclure gallery galerie. obrazdma knihu
lullaby [' l.rlebar] ukolebavka ode [aud] oda plates obrazov6 piiloha quote cl
lyric lyrika, lyrickd brisei, piseii oil painting olejomalba. olej play by ear hrdt podle sluchu; impro- rack po.
on location v terdnu, v redlu vizovat stojan

lyrics text. slova. zejm. popularni
pisne one-acl play icdnoaktovka
play to a packed / empty house rattle st
hr6t pfed vyprodanym I prindnym molit r
madman bl6zen. Silenec open-air theatre divadlo v piirodd hlediStdm read mr
madrigal ['medrrgol] madrigal opera ['o(e)pre] opera playwright drarnatik, autor divadelni hrdt p<
mallet ['mrlrt] palice, dievdnd oratorio oratorium hry
paliika reassun
orchestra (US) [' crkestre] sedadla plectrum ['plektrem] trs6tko, plek- ndni
mandolin [,maende'lrn] mandolina v piizemi (v divadle) trum recital I
mankind Imen'karnd] lidstvo orchestra pit [' c:krstra] misto pro plot z6pletka recite [r
manual ['menjuel] manu6l, piirudka orchestr, orchestiiStd pluck vybrnk6vat, brnkat deklar
manuscript ['rnaenjuskrrpt] rukopis orchestral orchestrdlni podium ['peudiem] sedadlo v amfite- recorde
margin okraj outdoor cinema (GB) letni kino dtru; p6diurr reed jaz
market economy Ir'konami] trZni out of tune fale5nf, rozladdnyi' poem b6rsei niistro-
hospod6istvi output tvorba poetry poezle reel st o
mass [mrs] me3ni zpdvy; mSe overdue trook kniha s pro5lou vy- popular popul6rni neco
matin6e ['mrcttnet,,mreten'et] pfrjdni thfrtou porcelain vase ['pc:selrn vo:2, vels] referent
odpoledni piedstaveni overture ['euvetjue,'ouvatJe] porcel1novit vtna vysve(
melodious Ima'laudies] melodickj, piedehra pornographic [,pc:ne'grefrk] por- referent
dobie zndjici overwrite piepisovat, pfepsat nograficky dilo
melody ['meledi] melodie, ndpdv painter malii portrait ['pcrtrrt, -trert] portrdt, refuge I
memoirs ['memwo:z] pamdti podobizna zdchra
painters' supplies maliiskd potieby
mercy ['ma:si] milost, milosrdenstvi practise cvidit (hru na hudebni rehearsr
pan snimaci kamera; najet, zabrat,
ndstroj) eovat
mezzanine (US) panor6movat
rehearsr
['metseni:n, 'meze-] prvni balkon panpipes Panova piSt'ala. syrinx. praise oneself chv6lit se
mezzo soprano Irmetseu sarprorneu] mold6nky predictable piedvidatelny reject or
rrezzosoprdn pantomime pantomima; poh6dkovd preface ['prefrs] piedmluva repertol

Mills and Boon romance harleklnka revue hran6 o Vdnocich (GB) repeft(
premiere ['premiee, premi'ea]
miniature ['mrnrtJe l rniniatura: paperback viizanil kniha v mdkkych premidra, prvni provedeni requien
drobnokresba desk6ch rekvie
pretentious Iprr'tentJes] pompdzni;
minute detail Imar'nju:t'dirterl] paragraph odstavec; sloupek domli Sliv!, sebevddomf rest pon
drobn! detail part d6st; dil; role previews (GB) ['pri:vju:z] kitiky rest on I
misfit dlovdk na nespr6rvndm mistd; uveiejndnd pied uvedenim dila, na vatv

passage pas62,.[ryvek
ztracend existence filmu, atd. revert tl
pastel Irprestel] pastel (obraz
motif Imeu'tirf] motiv i barva); borytov6r modi previews (US) ['pri:vju:z] kr6tkd revoluti
mouth organ foukaci harmonika uk6zky z filmfr promitand jako rhyme I
pedestal ['pedcstel] podstavec, sto-
reklama, fi lmov6 upout6vky
mouthpiece neustek, n6trubek jan, piedestal, sokl rhythm
printing tisk
movie (US) filnr percussion [pe'k,r.Jan] bici. perkuse rhythm
producer producent; reZisdr (GB) rocker
musical hudebni; muzik6lni, hudebnd performance piedstaveni; provedeni
nadanlT; rnuzik6l (dila); interpretace; vystoupeni promenade [,prome'nord,,pro:me'n ridiculo
erd] promeniidni koncert
.1ici si
'
musical instruments hudebni n6- perfbrmer tdi nkLrj ic i; umdlec
stroJe prompt napovddEt, napovidat rock roc
periodicals [,prari'odrkalz] dasopisy,
mystery detektivka periodickli tisk prompter n6pov6da (v divadle) rock'ntl
newsreel tjdenik (v kind) personnel [,pa:so' nel I osazenstvo. prompter's box ndpovddni budka romanc
non-fiction literatura faktu; popul6md zamdstnanci; osobni, k6drovyi prose pr6za milost
naudnii literatura PG (parental guidance) ml6deZi pii- pseudo-art Isu;'dnu a:t] pseudo- roman
note nota; t6n; kl6vesa stupno v doprovodu rodidri umdni royaltie

physique Ifr'zi:k] stavba tCla, postava psychodrama [,sa rkou'dro:ma procer
novel romdn; iiddeji novela I
ti6mrr'
piano lpi eneul klavir. pidno psychologickd drama
nudes akty z patel
publish publikovat; vydat

CULTURE
r'esova pulp literature liter6mi 5kv6r rushes promitdni vysledku denniho spatula ['spaetjule] Spachtle, stdrka
nat6den( fllmu special effects zvld5tni ef'ekty
punk music punkovd hudba
safety curtain bezpednostni (ohni- spine hibet knihy
purple poetry sentiment6lni poezie
vzdorn6) opona v divadle
rt put down a book odloZit rozedtenou spinet Ispi'net] spinet, kr6tkd pianino
saga ['so:ga] s6ga, legenda
rma knihu spy novel SpioniiZni rom6n
scale stupnice; 5k6la; rozsah hudeb-
quote citovat stacks sklad knih v knihovnd
niho n6stroje
lmpro- rack police, polidka, piihr6dka, reg6l, staff, pl. staves notovii osnova, linky
scan mit sprdvnj rytmus (o ver5i)
stojan slage jer iSte. scena: divadlo: dralr-ra
scene Isi:n] jer istni vystup: scenal
SE rattle st off odhrkat, odemlit, oddr- stage crew 5t6b
6rie
dnfm molit ndco
scenery ['sirnari] dekorace, kulisy, stage designer jeviStni n6vrh6i
read music zn6t noty; umdt zPivat,
vadelni hr6t podle not
vj'prava stage fright tr6ma
reassurance ujiStdni; itCcha, uklid-

sci-fi fi lm ['salfar] vddeckofantas- stage hand kulis6k
plek- neni
tick! film stage manager hlavni inspicient
science fi ction vddeckofantastick6
recital [rr'saltal] recit6l stage props rekvizity
literatura, film
recite Irr'sartl piednd5et. recilovat. stand in for sb zastoupit nekoho
screenplay filmovf sc6niii
deklamovat stand-in dvojnik, dubl
'amlite- recorder Irr'kcrda] zobcovd fldtna script scdn6i, text
standing ovation ovace, potlesk
reed jazydek, pl6tek hudebniho
scriptwriter autor textu, scen6rista vestoje
niistroje sculptor sochai
stanza ['staenze] verS, strof'a
reel st off odiikat, oddrrnolit, odhrkat sculpture ['sk,tlptJe] socha, sousoSi, statue socha
nEco skulptura; plastika
still life z6ti5i
r, vers] reference reference, doporudeni, section kniZni arch; irsek; d6st; oddil
vysvdddeni stringed instruments strunne. smyd-
secular svdtskj
covd n6stroje
II nnr- reference book piirr"rdka, infonnadni sequel ['si:kwel] iada. s6rie
v"' strum drnkat na hudebni ndstroj
dilo
serious v6Znj
refuge [' relu:d3] ritoei5te; ritulek; studio (maliiskf) atelidr; (fi lmove.
set scdna televizni) studio
zlchrana
set to music zhudebnit stunt-man / woman dvojnik, kaska-
rehearse Irr'h:a:s] zkouiet. nacr i-
1
covat shape tvar, forma; podoba ddr
rehearsal zkouSka sharp t6n zvj5enj o pil t6nu (kiiZek) subject matter tdma, n6mdt, obsah
reject odmitnout; propadnout shoot a film todit film subsidise ['s,Lbsidaiz] podporovat,
subvencovat
repertory, rep (coll) ['repeteri] shot z6b6r (ve fihnu); snimek, fbto-
reperto6r; reperto6rovd divadlo grafie subtitles titulky
al suite Iswi:t] suita
requiem (mass) ['rekwiem mres] show sb to their seats uv6st na mista
rekviem, z6du5ni mSe (v divadle, v kind apod.) summary shrnuti, krdtkf obsah
pezni;
rest pomlka, pauza side drum malj bubinek s dvEma superstitious [,surpe'strJes] pover-
palidkarni divj
itiky rest on one's laurels ['lorelz] usnout
na vaviinech sight-read umet dist, hriit z listu supplement piiloha; dodatek
ila,
revert to st vr6tit se k nEdemu sitar ['srto:] sitar (indicky hudebni supporting part vedlejSi role
ndstroj )
rtkd revolutionary revoludni symphonic poem symfbnick6 b6sefi
(o sketch nddrtek, n6drt, drta, skica
rhyme [rarm] r5inr; rlrnovat symphony symtbnie
slapstick comedy groteska; klauni6da synthesiser ['srn0asalze] synteti-
rhythm ['rrdem] rytmus; metrum
slow motion, slo-mo (coll) zpoma- zAtor
rhythm and blues (R & B) smds
lB) lenli film
rockenrollu a blues take curtain calls ddkovat se pied
'o:me'n snare drum ['sneedr,tm] maly oponou
ridiculous sm65n!, absurdni, zasluhu-
jici bubinek
si vlismdch talkies (historical) zvukove filmy
sold out vyproddno
rock rock, rockovd hudba tambourine [,tambe'riln] tamburina
soloist ['seuleulst] solista
3)
rock'n'roll rokenrol tapestry gobldn. tapisdrie
rdka sonata Iserno:te] son6ta
romance freu'mens,'reumens] tasteless f6dni, neslany nemastni:
milostnf romiin; rytiisk! rom6n; sonnet ['sontt] sonet, kr6tk6 lyrickd nevkusny, netaktni
romance (hud.) milostn6 b6sei
do- tearjerker [,tIe'dgarko] dojdk, senti-
royalties autorsky honor6i (danj soprano Ise'prorneu] sopr6n; sopra- ment6lni klid
procenty z prodanlch knih), tan- nista, sopranistka
^t technique Itek'nirk] zpisob, postup,
tidmy; licendni poplatek, poplatek sound track zvukovd stopa, zvukovi technika, technologie
z patentu zAznam
techno ['teknau] techno
.VOCABULARY. 295
CULTURE
tenor ['tene] tenor; tenorista villain ['vrlen] zlosyn, padouch, EDUCATION class tiid
textbook udebnice nidema academic [,ako'demrk] akademicky; classroor
theme music hlavni melodie viola fvr'eule] viola r-^.-+i^1,,i. .,;l-^l-.i co-ed prc
thesaurus [0i'sc;res] tezaurus, tema- violin [,vare'lrn] housle ADD (attention deficit disorder) poru- college rr
tickli slovnik vocal vokelni, hlasovy cha schopnosti se soustfedit stiedni
stiedni
thriller napinavj romiin, fihn, detek- vocalist ['veukehst] zpdvdk admission piijeti
tivka admit lod mrtl piijimat: piipuslit collocati
voices (pdveckd) hlasy spojeni
title titul, niizev afford to do st[a'fc:d] dovolit si ndco
wind instrument Iwrnd'rnstrement] commun
loccata and fugue lle'ko:te. iju:gJ dechovf n6stroj A-level zivEre(.n6 zkou5ka na vy53i spCSnd
tokdta (skladba pro klar esor e stiedni Skole pied vstupem na
woodcarver iezbiii compar€
n6stroje) a fuga univerzitu
woodcut dievoryl, dievoiezba completr
tone-deaf bez hudebniho sluchu analyze [':rnelarz] analyzoval, roze-
woodrvind instrument dievdnf studiur
tongue twister jazykolam brat (probldm, situaci apod.)
dechovj hudebni n6stroj compulsr
touching dojimavli apply for a scholarship Zddat o sti-
work out vyrryslet; vypracovat pendium comput€
traditional ltr:'drJt e )nell lradia'ni
xylophone ['zarlefaunl xylofon
tragedian ['tradSrdien] tragdd; autor appoint jmenovat concentr
ndco
tragddii apprentice school udiliStd
tragedy ['trred3edi] trag6die; tragika art umdni; vytvamd umdni; dovednost confiden
denj o
tragicomedy tragikomedi e arts humanitni, spoledensk6 vddy
cooking
lrailers (GB) krdtke ukdzky z filmfi assembly hall Skohii aula a domii
promitand jako reklama, upout6vky assistant principal (U S) zristupce correct c
translated by BF pieloZil(a) BF ieditele
course ['
trapdoor propadliStd v divadle award a degree uddlit titul
cover for
trash k1;d, um61eck1i brak BA (Bachelor of Afts) Bc., bakal6isky
stupeii v humanitnich vCdach
courteou
travel film cestopisny filn
['k:rtie
travelogue ['traevelng] cestopis BA (Hons) Bc s vyznamen6nirn, tzv.
dervenj diplom cram for
(fiIm, dldnek, kniha, piedn65ka
s diapozitivy) backward zaostaly, opoZddnj ve crammir
triangle ['trare4 gl] triangl; troj- vlivoji credit krr
metu,);
uhelnik beatings biti l
trilogy ['trrled3i] trilogie boarding school intemiitni Skola crib tah6l

trombone pozoun(ista), tromb6n(ista) break (GB) piestiivka curriculr
nlin qt
trump up zinscenovat, zosnovat BSc (Bachelor ofScience) Bc., baka- osnovy
lqi niirnrlnich rrFrl
trumpet trubka, trumpeta; trumpetista custodial
tuba ['tju:be] tuba bulletin board (US) ['buletrn bc:d]
n5stdnka, vyvdsni tabule dean ddk
tune melodie, n6pdv; disty zr,uk departmr
niistroje bulll l'bolil tyrat. Sikanorat. zastra-
katedry
Sovat, tyranrzovat
tune (up) naladit deputy h
bunk sb for st vyhodit, vyloudit
unauthorized [,tn'cr0srarzd] ne- ndkoho (ze Skoly) kvfili nddemu designatr
opr6vndnf ; nedovoleny, nepovolenli
by mistake omylem dilemma
understudy n6hradnik, z6skok rozhodc
cafeteria [,kafe'trerio] jidelna (se
U-film (universal) (GB) film pii- samoobsluhou) dining ha
stupnf mlSdeZi
campus ['kempas ] areal univerzity. discoural
unputdownable (coll) poutavy kampus, akademick6 pfida
(o knize) distinguir
certifi cate Ise'trfiket] osvdddeni; ndco od
upset rozdileny vysvdddeni do oneos I
usher(ette) [',tJe,,tJe'ret] uvaddd(ka) chalk kiida do resear
utensils [j u'tensrlz] niistroje; n6dobi chancellor (GB) ['tJo:nsele] rektor mem nd
variety show Ive'rareti] varietni univerzity dorm (co
piedstaveni, estr6da koleje;
cheat sheet tahiik r
variety theatre varietd chemistry ['kemrstril chemie dress cod
varnish lak; politura; glazura chess Sach ureltou l
verse verS; poezie classics klasickri studia (zabywajici se economic
vitres fiazz) [varbz] vibrafon (dZez) nomie, r
starorekjm Reckem a Rirnem.l
striinka

EDUCATION
class tiida, hodina, rodnik, rirovei elective subjects volitelnd piedmdty headmaster, headmistress, the head
classroom tiida (mistnost) element ['elrment] prvek (GB) ieditel, reditelka
akademickf;
co-ed pro divky i chlapce, koedukovanli eligible for st ['elrd3ebl] zpfrsobilli headmaster's ofnce ieditelna
sorder) poru- college vysokil Skola, univerzita; vy53i k nddemu; kvaliflkovany; mit ndrok highlight zdiraznit, vyzdvi hnout
iedit stiedni 3ko1a; akademie; britskd na ndco (infbrmace)
stiedni Skola, kde se plati Skolnd emphasis on ['empfesrs] driraz na high school (US) stiedni 5ko1a
piipustit collocation kolokace, ust6lend slovni empowered to st zplnomocndnj history ddjiny, historie
spojeni k nddemu home economics
rvolit si ndco
communily serr ice veiejne pro- endowment Irn'daument] dotace [,i:ke'nomiks, eka-] nauka o ve-
a na vy55i
spdSnd priice enrol (GB), enroll (US) zapsat se, deni dom6cnosti
em na
compared to st v porovn6ni s nddim piihl6sit se; piijmout ke studiu hostel (GB) ['hostel] kolej; uby-
complete a degree in... dokondit enrolment z6pis, piihl6Seni tovna; nocleh6rna
ovat, roze-
od.) studium... (deho) enter higher education jit na vyso- idleness lenost
ddat o sti- compulsory subjects povinne piedmdty kou Skolu illiterate Irrlrteret] negramotnli,
computer room poditadovd udebna entrance exam piijimaci zkouSka analfabet
concentrate on st soustiedit se na examine zkouiet in contrast to st oproti nddemu
ndco exceptional vj,jimedny, rnimoi6dny, independent school soukrom6 stiedni
confident of, about stjistj, piesvEd- zvl65tni, neobydejnli Skola
l; dovednost
denf o nEdem el.pelled I rk'speld I r1 louieny tze influence ovliviovat
:e vddy
cooking and housekeeping vaieni Skoly) infbrmal neform6lni, neofi ci61ni
a domdci pr6ce explore zkoumat, b6dat insert I rn'sr:t I r lo2it. piipo.lit
,rstupce
correct opravlt, opravovat exl ra-curricular activities mimo- janitor (GB) ['d3rnrte] Skolnik
course ['kc:s] kurs Sko1ni z6jmov6 dinnost jot down poznamenat si
cover lbr sl) zastupovat ndkoho evening classes vederni kursy junior student niZSi stiedni Skoly
bakal6iskj.
Lich courteous towards sb lail an exam neuspdt u zkou5ky, keep a diarl vdst si denik
['ke:ties] zdvoiilj k ndkomu neudElat zkouiku
knock sb down shodit, svalit, srazit
cram for ipftat se, diit, biflovat na falf behind the class zaostixatza ndkoho
cramming Sprtdni. bifl ovdni tiidou
)ny ve Iag behind the class zaost|yat za
credit kredit (za dokondeni pied- field trip exkurze tiidou
mdtu); z6podet fi rst-degree course bakal6iskd Latin latina
crib tah6k studium
Skola learn udit se, naudit se
curriculum Ike'rrkjulem] udebni focus on st zamdiit se na ndco
lecture piedn6Set; piedn65ka
pl6n, studijni program, udebni formal forrniiln i, ofi ci6ini
lc., baka- osnovy Iecture hall posluchdrna; aula
freshman student pr-vniho rodniku VS
custodian (US) [k,ts'teudien] ikolnik (v USA i SS) lecturer vysokoSkolsky uditel
trn bc;d]
dean ddkan geography Id3r:'ogrefi] locker room Satna s uzamykatelnjmi
skiiikami
.t, zastra- department head vedouci odddleni, go lo university na\Ste\ovat unirerzitu
katedry lunch room Skolni jidelna
gown fgaun] talilr
deputy head (GB) z6stupce ieditele MA (Master of Arts) Mgr., titul
rudit grade zn6rnkovat, hodnotit; znlmka;' maglstr
)iemu designated ['dezrgnertid] urdenll tiida
make a mistake uddlat chybu
dilemma Idr'lerne.dar'lerno] le7ke graduate from... with honours
rozhodov6ni, dilema ukondit stiedni 5ko1u (US), promo- maladjusted [,mrele'd3,tstrd] nepfi-
lna (se
vat... (CB) s rlznamenanim zpfrsobir y. neadaptabi Ini
dining hall jidelna
graduate in...(US) maturovat 2... m a rk zn6mko v at; znitmka
Iverzlty, discourage st br6nit nddemu
graduation ceremony promoce master uditel, profesor
distinguish st from st else odli5ovat
ldeni; ndco od nddeho jindho grammar school (CB) vybdror ii mathematics, maths
stiedni Skola [,mae0e'mretiks,mre0s] matematika
do one's homework d6lat tkoly
Greek iedtina maliure student dospdlli student
do research into zabjvat se vyzku-
guidance counsellor ['gardens memorise udit se zpamdti
I rektor rnem nddeho
dorm (coll US, dormitory) studentskd 'kaunsele] vjchovny poradce misconducl Spatne chor ani
koleje; ubytovna gymnasium, gym (coll) tdlocvidna mock-exam cvidn6 zkou5ka, zkou5ka
dress code obledeni vyZadovand pro halls of residence (GB) studentskd na zkou5ku
urditou piileZitost koleje mortarboard ['mcrtebc:d] baret
economics l,i:ke'nomrks,eka-] eko- have a degree in... mit titul, vysoko- no5enj studenty a vyudujicimi pii
vajici se
slavnostnich piileZitostech
em) nomie, ekonomika; ekonomickii Skolske vzdeldni \ oboru .
str6nka music hudebni vychora. zpev
.VOCABULARY. 297
EDUCATION
notice board (GB) ndstenka revise (CB) opakovat (naudene) urge sb nalel-rat na ndkoho
HOLI
nursery school mateiskd ikola schedule (US) [Jedju:I, 'sked-] roz- vandalise ['vrcndelarz] (z)nicit.
a penn'
obligatory povinni vrh hodin (z)devastovat
rinu p
off the roll vyiazeny ze seznamu school fees Skolni poplatky. Skolne write down zapisovat si
allectic
studentii school principal (US) ieditel Skoly write (il)legibly psrit (ne)citelne
All Foo
open access volny piistup school report vysv€ddenf written psanli, pisemn5i
All Sair
optional subjc'ct nepovinny. vol iteln! secondary school stiedni Skola
piednret an nual
semester (US) [sr'mcstc, sa'mestc]
['ienj
oral ['r:ral] tstni sentestr oslavr
Oxbridge univerzity v Oxfordu senior ['si:nic, -njo] student vy55ihcr April F
a Cambridgi rodniku
Armisti
paper pisemnii zkouSka. prdce. test; sent down (euph) vyloudcn piimd
korlpozice; ref-erdt sit (for) an exam ddlat zkouSku assassir
parents' meeting tiidni schizka skip classes chodit za SkolLr, ulejvat se z.avra)
pass an exam uddlat, sloZit zkou5ku z polit
slow upstairs tro5ku pomalejSi
pay attention d6vat pozor (v my5leni) August
pencil case pouzdro praco\
sophomore
uznan'
permanent st:il j, trval j ['sofcrnc:] student/ka druheho viechr
rocniku sticdrri ikoly. urriverzity
PhD doktor piirodnich vdd; doktor Babes ir
filosofic special pupil Z6k zvl6Stni Skoly
(o pen
physically (or mentally) handi- special school zvl65tni Skola
banging
capped tdlesnE (nebo du5evnd) spoilt and ill-mannered rozrnazleny stiilen
postiZeny a nevychovany
bauble I
physical training / education (Pl standardized cxaminations.jednotni
PE) telesnri v1?chova. tdlocvik zkouSky Beauty :
physics tyzika become

state schools stetni Skoly
komerr
picking up rubbish sbiriini odpadkir stand in for sb zastupovat ndkoho
Boxing I
play truant chodit za Skolu student student (vysoke Skoly) vanodn
poor Ipr:. pua] Spatnli substitute lbr sb suplovat za nEkoho. bun (GB
precocious [prr'kat-rJes] pieddasnd zastupovat ndkoho
bunny zi
vyspc\lj' (zejnr. du5evnd) suspend sb from school vyloudit
ndkoho ze Skoly
burn bor
president (US) ['prezldent] ddkan.
rektor swot (infml) Sprtat. biffovat, dnit se candle s'
prcvent sb from doing st zabranil syllatrus program. pl6n carol kol

n€komu. aby ndco uddlal take an exam in st dilat zkoLr5ku carp kap
private schools soukromd Skoly z n6deho celebrat,
professor prof'esor(ka) na vysoke \,ovat
take attendance delat dochiizku.
Skole zjiSt'ovat. kdo je piitonren ccmctar
public school (GB) soukrom6 stiedni teach udit tov
Skola teachers' room sborovna Christia
kiest'ar
public school (US) stritni stie'dni teaching assistant (T.A.) asistent
Skola uditele
Christm
publicly-funded dotovany hod vii
stdtenr term (GB) senrestr
push sb around korrrandovat nc\koho, Christm
timetable (GB) rozvrh hodin dc'n. 24
sckyroval. zamctat s nikym
tough [t,tf] drsnli, tvrd5i. hrubj Christm
put up with vyrovnat se s
tuition (charges, fees) [tju:'rJen] Christm
raise finance zfskat penfze Skolne{. poplatky za vzdelAvini
read dist; studoval na univerzitd Cindercl
tutor uditcl; doudovatel Popel k
( urdit! obor)
undergraduate vysokoSkolsky stu- civil rigl
recess (US) [rr'ses. 'ri:-] piestdvka dent. posluchad. kteri je5te neziskal
(ve Skolc) clergym:
rilul bakaldre
recruilcr Irr'krrr:tsJ rraborovy pra- sky knt
underachiever neirspdSnll' student
covnik colle.r" bi
unfamiliarity [,tnf-c,mrli'ieroti] ne-
revierv (US) opakovat (naucene); znalost, novost
Columbr
kritika. recenze (piipor:
unleachable ncr zdilatelny
commen

HOLIDAYS
lho
HOLIDAYS common obvyk1li, bdZnf grave Igrerv] hrob; hrobka, niihrobek
I (z)nidit. consistently drislednd guard-mounting ceremony piehlidka
a penny for the guy pence pro figu-
rinu piedstavujici Guy Fawkese conspirator Iken'sprrete] spiklenec, krdlovskfch str6Zi na konich
I
alTection zalibeni, n6klonnost, l6ska konspi16tor Gunpowder Plot spiknuti, pokus
e)ditelne vyhodit do povdtii londyi'nsk1;' parla-
All Fools Day 1. duben, April convict ['konvrkt]odsouzeny, odsou-
zenec, trestanec ment 5. I l. 1605
All Saints' Day sv6tek V5ech svatych
convicted Iken'vrktrd] odsouzeny Guy Fawkes Night, Bonfire Night
annual ceremony (GB) vlirodi dne 5. 1l. 1605
cookies (US) kol6dky, suienky,
['.tnj uel'serrmeni] kaZdorodni drobnd cukrovi Halloween piedveder V5ech svatych
ostava
cranberry sauce brusinkov6 omiidka; hard-boiled eggs vejce na tvrdo
April Fools Day April
kompot
Armistice (GB) ['o:mrstrs] Den hide schovat
dangle from houpat se, viset na
piirndii(11. ll. l9l8) holly ['holi] cesmina
declare slavnostnd, veiejnd vyhl6sit,
assassinate Ie'sresrnert] irkladnd Holy Saturday ['heuli] Bil6 sobota
prohldsit
zav raidit, sp6chat atent6t (zvleSte homemade ornaments doma vyro-
z pol itickl;'ch divodti) decorate zdobit, ozdobit
bend ozdoby
August Bank Holiday (GB) den delete vymazat, smazat
honour (GB), honor (US) ['one]
pracovniho volna v srpnu, stdtern descent [dr'sent] pfivod (people of ... vzd6t dest: uctivat: dest
uznanli sv6tek. kdy..ysou zavieny descent)
hot cross buns velikonodni pedivo
vSechny banky (posledni pondCli)
do Christmas shopping ddlat v6L-
Independence Day (US) Den nezd-
Babes in the Wood niizev pohddkv nodni ndkr"rpy
(o pernikovd chaloupce) vislosti
douse Idaus] polit vodou
ingredient Ir4'grirdient] sloZka,
banging fbre414] bouch6ni, pr6skdni, dyed or painted eggs barven6 nebo soud6st, piisada, ingredience
stiileni malovan6 vajidka
bauble ['boble] cetka, tretka
International Children's Dav Mezi-
Easter egg hunt hled6ni velikonod- n6rodni den ddti
Beauty and the Beast Kr6ska a zviie nich vajidek
International Students' Dav Mezi-
become commercialised stdt se Easter lamb flrem] velikonodni n6rodni den studentri
komerdnim berdnek
ironically Iar'ronrkli] paradoxnd.
Boxing Day sv. StCp6na, 2. sv6tek Easter Monday velikonodni pondEli ironii osudu
vdnodni" 26. Prosinec
Easter Sunday BoZi hod velikonodni jack-o'-lantern [d3ek eu 'lrcnten]
bun (CB) [b,r.n] buchtidka; drdol egg nog vajednl; koiak vydlaband tykev s otvory pro odi
bunny zajidek Epiphany, Twelfth-Night
a usta
burn bonfires ['bonfaraz] ddlat ohnd Ir'prfcni, e'prf-] svAtek Tii kr6li Jingle Bells Rolnidky
candle svidka execute ['cksr kju:tl popravit Labor Day (US, Canada) Svrltek
prdce
carol koleda express one's affection for sb vyj6d-
carp kapr iit svoji 16sku, n6klonnost k ndkomu lay wreaths Ier ri:0s] poklddat
vence
celebrate [,sele'brert] slavit, osla- fairy vila; napiirozen6 poh6dkov6
VOVAI bytost leap [i:p] skodit, skdkat
cemetary ['semetri,'semo,teri] hibi- lairy tale ['feeri, 'feri] pohSdka Liberation Day Den osvobozeni
tov Father Christmas / Santa Claus Little Red Riding Hood Cervena
Christian holiday ['knsttJen, -tien] Karkulka
Father's Day (US) sviitek otcri
kiest"ansky sv6tek
feast svdtek
Lord Mayor's Show (GB)
Christmas Day ['knsmes der] BoZi lcrd meez Jeu] slavnostni prfrvod
firework ohiostroj na oslavu londynskdho starosty
hod vdnodni, 25. prosinec
flying offlags vyvd5ovdni praporri maid sluZka: ddvedka
Christmas Eve Stdd15 veder. Stedry;
den, 24. prosinec fruit cake biskupsky chlebidek Martin Luther King Day (US) Den
Christmas greetings v6nodni ptdni full moon riplndk Martina Luthera Kinga
Christmas tree vdnodni stromedek generous velkorysli'; Stddqi; bohat)i mask maska. Skrabo5ka: kukla
Cinderella [,srnde'rele, -de'rel-] ghost Igeust] duch, straSidlo maundy [rnc:ndr] obiadnd r.nyti no-
Popelka gift dar, ddrek hou chudfm na Zelenli ctvrtek
civil rights obiansk6 pr6va give thanks for a good harvest vzd6- Maundy Thursday Zeleny dtvrtek
clergyman duchovni, zejm. angl ikdn- vat diky za dobrou irrodu May Day l. m6j
sk! kndz goblin (zlyi) skiitek, Sotek May Day Bank Holiday (GB) den
colley bird l'kolr ba:dl kos (ndiedi) gold ring zlaty prsten pracovniho volna 1. kvdtna, stiitem
uznany sv6tek. kdyjsou zavieny
Columbus Day (US) Kolurnbfrv den Good Friday Velkli peitek vSechny banky
(piipomin6 12. 10. 1492) goose, pl. geese husa maypole m6jka, mdj
commemorate piipominat
.VOCABULARY. 299
HOLIDAYS
Memorial Day (US) Den obeti vrilky reindeer ['rcrn,dra] sob trinket ['trr4krt] rnalidkost, dlobnost: MOE
memorial service bohosluZba Remembrancc Sunday (GB) lacinii lPerk; cetka, ozdoba A-bon
k uctdnf pamdtky zesnulych vzpomirrka na vojAky padle v obou Trooping the Colour, Olficial Birth- abuse
Midsummer Day (GB) sv6tek sv. svdtovjch v6lk6ch day (GB) slavnosti prehlidka oddiltr
accept
.lana (24. 6.) reveal odhalitl prozraditt z.jevit strdZe s vlajkami v den oficiiilnich
poza
mince-pie I rnrns'par] vdnodni plndne rocket rachcjtle narozenin kr6lovny
accuse
pedivo scarecrow ['skee,kreu] straiiik. turtle dove [,ts:tl'd,tv] hrdlidka
neko
mincemeat ['mrnsmi:t] nadrobno straSidlo. hastroS f*'ig vetvidka. snitka
achier'
nasekan6 snres jablek. su5eneho Scots pine, Scotch fir borovice lesni unwrap [,tn'rep] rozbalit, rozbalovat
or,oce, lrrozinek, ponterandovcl kfrry ['rno
s cuklertr; sekani mascr Season's Greetings formiilni pi6ni !'eterans' Day (US) Den vetefdnfr Srnot
k sv6tkirm vdnodnirn a k Novdmu ( l. svdtovd vdlky) achiev
monarch ['monak] panovnik. -ice. roku veterans of militar.r" services veterdni nout
vlhdce. vladai
Silent Night Tichii noc vojenske sluiby activis
monument pamiitnik
shamrock ['J'iern,rok] troj listek, walnut vlaSskj oiech acts of
Mother's Dal Den matek syurbol Irska White Christmas Bile Vdnoce admin
nativity scene / crib / creche snowman sndhuldk witch [wrtJ] daroddjnice adoptir
Ina'trvrti sirn,kreJ,krerJ] jeslidky. sovereign ['snvrrn] panovnik. -ice.
be'tlen.r wreath Iri:0] vdnec osvoJ
vladai Xmas ['cksrnes] Vdnoce advanr
New Year's Day Nov! rok
sparklers prskavky alflict
New Year's Eve Silvestr I
spinach ['sprnrtJ] Spendt air-cus
non-Christian [,non'krrstJen. -tian]
nikoli kiest'ansky sprigs of mistletoe ['mrs,ltcu] vdt- Ice'k
vidky jmeli anarch
non-violence nendsili
Spring Bank Holiday (GB) den
answer
observe [eb'zarv] slavit, drZet (svri- pracovniho volna najaie, stdtem
tek) Lrznany svitek. kd1 jsou zavieny anti-nu
official public holiday oficiiilni stdtni vSechny banky [,ent
svAtek energ
spring equinox ['i:kwrnnks] jami
pagan ['pergan] pohan, neznaboh; rovnodennost anti-Se.
pohanskli spruce srnrk arms ru
pagan festival ['l'estrval] pohansky squib Iskwrb] papiror,6 trr-rbka nebo artificie
svdrtek koLr)e naplnind pyroteclrnickym assump
pantomime (GB) ['ptrntemarml pracheml rachejtle astrona
pantonrima, groteskni poh6dkovii St. George's Day (GB) sviitek sv. Jiii
revue hran6 zejnrdna o V6nocich; atomic
St. Patrick's Day (lreland. US) sv6- atomc
paper chain papfrov! ietdz tek sv. Patrika attack I
paradc Ipe'rerd] piehlidka St. Valentine's Day sviitek sv. Valen- Ie'trcl
pay respect to uctivat pamdtku tyna zrilohy
Peter Pan hrdina hry J. M. Barrieho starvation hladovEni; smrt hladem automa
piper duddk string of lights Siitira svdtel aparat
place / lay (a wreath) [ri:0] poloZit strings of popcorn fels/) /. praTene awardir
( vdnec) kukuiice Pied6t
plait a birch rod [plet] pl6st rrrs- stuffed roast turkey pedeni krocan backu'a
kadku s n6divkou balance
pla,r" a trick on sb vystielit si z nd- swan IswDn] labut' ballistic
koho sweethearts' day den zamilovanych bal isti
play pranks on sb provdddt Zertiky Teachers' Day (CZ) Den ucitelfr ballot b
pram kod6rek Thanksgiving (US) Den diktvzd6ni ballot p
preach kdzat: mlur it veiejne tinsel ['trnsal] cetka; leskl6, bl1;'skavd bankru;
Presidents' Day (US) Den prezidentir nitka beat an
pretend to be... piedstirat" 2eje... token ['taukcnl znak. znarneni. besiege
previously diive, piedtinr dfikaz obleha
pumpkin pie djnovSi kol6d Tomb of the Unknown Soldier biomass
Puss in Boots Kocour v botdch

[tr,r:m] hrob Nezndmdho vojina biotechr
torture ['tc:tJc] rnudeni. tyrhni; biotecl
rank among... patiit. nrileZet k, blt tortura
zaiazen mezi... blockad
treat ddrek, nral6 radost bombinl
regimental patiici pluku. plukovnf

MODERN SOCIETY
drobnost; MODERN SOCIETY bow [bau] sklonit se, sklonit hlavr"r; constitutionally barred dle istavy
I poklona nepiipustnf
A-bomb atomovii bomba
ial Birth- break a truce [trurs] poru5it piimdii contaminate Iken'temrnert] znedis-
abuse I e' bj u:s lznerLiv at
tka oddilt break off pieruSit tit, zamoiit
accept terms piijmout podminky,
:i6lnich pozadavky bring down svrhnout convert Iken'vert] pierndnit, konver-
tovat: ['konr 3:l] konvenita
accuse sb of st [e'kju:z] obvinit bring sb to trial postavit ndkoho pied
cKa
ndkoho z nddeho soud corrupt [ka'r.rpt] kazit , zkazit; pod-
placeni, zkorumpovany
achieve a marginal victory bring in reinforcements
ozbalovat [,ri:rn'fc:sments] piivolat posily corruption Ike'r,tpJen] korupce,
['mo:d3rnel] zvitezi tdsnou vdt-
Srnou
irplatk6istvi
eriinii by-election dopliovaci volby
achieve a sweeping victory dos6h- cosmonaut ['kozmencltl kosmonaut
Cabinet kabinet, v16da (zvl. sovdtskli)
rs veterdni nout drtivdho vitdzstvi
calculator kalkuladka
activist ['rektrvrst] aktivista counterpart protd;Sek
call a truce [tru:s] vyhl6sit piimdii,
acts ofviolence ndsilnd diny cross-party coalition koalice napiid
klid zbrani
stranami
rCe administration vl6da; exekutiva capture ['kreptJe] zajmout
cultural diversity Idar'v::srti, dr've:
adoption Ie'dopJ(e)n]adopce, caretaker government prozatimni rseti] kultumi rozdilnost, odliSnost,
osvojeni vl6da rozmanitost
advances in st pokrok, rozvoj nddeho cast a vote volit curfew f'kr:flu:l zakaz rlchazeni
afflict Ie'fl rkt] postihnout cease-fire [,si;s'fare] piim€ii, klid deadly (u eapon)smrrelny. smrto-
air-cushion vehicle zb r ani ; zaslav eni pal by nosnf (zbraii)
Iee'kuJ(e)n'virrk(e)1] vzndSedlo centralised centralizovany declare a truce vyhldsit piimdii, klid
anarchist l'itnekrst] anarchista centrist piivrZenec politickdho stiedu zbrani
answerphone telefonni zhznamnik chairman piedseda declare war on sb vyhl6sit ndkomu
anti-nuclear opponents v6lku
Chamber of Deputies poslaneck6
[, rcnti'nju:khe] odpirci atomovd snemovna decommission [,dirko'mrJen] ode-
energle vzdini (a zneSkodndni)
charged with st obvindn, obZalov6n
anti-Semitism antisem itisrnr-rs z nddeho demoralisation demoralizace
arms race zdvody ve zbrojeni cheap labour levnii pracovni sila deplo5 peace-keeping troops rozmis-
artificial umdlf tit rrirovii vojska, mirovd jednotky
Christian Democratic Party Kies-
assumption piedpoklad, domndnka t'ansko-demokraticka unie deprivation [,deprr'veiJen] depri-
astronaut ['restrenc:t] astronaut Civic Democratic Alliance Obdanskd
demokratick6 aliance desperate zofialy
atomic / nuclear power station
atomovA elektr6rna Civic Democratic Party Obdansk6 despise sb ldr'sparz] opovrhovat,
demolrratick6 strana pohrdat ndkfm
attack from ambush
civil obdansky!', obdanskopriivni; stetni destroy local culture znidit mistni
[e'tek ':rmbuJ] napadnout ze
zitlohy kulturu
Clean Hancls campaign akce iistd
automatic camera automaticky foto- ruce developed country prumyslov6,
apariit, kompakt rozvinut6 zemd
cloning klonoviini
awarding ceremony slavnostni developing country rozvojov6 zemd
coalition fkeue' hJen] koalice
pied6viini cen disastrous katastrofillni
collapse [ke'li:eps] zhrouceni; konec;
backward zastaruli, zaostaly zhroutit se discriminate against sb diskrimino-
balance of trade obchodni bilance vat n€koho
combat st ['kombret] bojovat proti
ballistic missiles Iba'hstrk'mrsarlz] nddemu, potirat ndco; boj, z6pas disputes over. . . pie, debaty. ..
balistickd stiely commerce obchod dynamite ['darnemart] dynamit

ballot box volebni uma commit piichat economic opportunities [, ilke'no
ballot paper hlasovaci listek Communist dictatorship komunis-
mtk, -'normrk, eke] ekonomickd
rnoZnosti
bankruptcy ['brepkreptsi] bankrot tick6 diktatura
economic problems
beat an attack odrazit ritok Communist Party Komunistick6
strana [,i:ke'nomrk'problemz] hospod6i-
besiege in vain lbr'sird3] mamd skd probldmy
obldhat competitiveness konkurenceschopnost
economic reasons ekonomickd
biomass biomasa computer technology Itek'noledgi] dfivody
poditadov6 technologie
biotechnology [,bareutek'no1ed3i] economic stability hospod6isk6
biotechnologie consequence n6sledek, drisledek stabilita
blockade blok6da; blokovat constituency [ken'strtjuensi] volebni economical (car...) l,i:ko'nomrkel]
okrsek, obvod fispomy, hospod6rnf (autornobil...)
bombing bombardov6ni
.VOCABULARY.
301
MODERN SOCIETY
election(s) volby hatred of, for sb nendvist k ndkomu lose a decisive battle prohrdt rozho- price lil
electoral register, roll [reul] soupis, House of Commons (GB) poslaneck6 dujici bitvu [,hba
seznam volidfr snemovna lose a seat ztratit kieslo progres
electorate Ir'lekteret] volici House of Lords (GB) homi sne- Lower Chamber (GB) dolni snd- propellr
emigrate ['emrgrert] emi grovat, lnovna" sndmovna lordfi movna, poslaneck6 sndmovna vodni
vystdhovat se House of Representatives (US) lunar landing ['lu:ne 'leendrr1] pii- protrac
enterprise podnik snEmovna reprezentant& st6ni na Mdsici Ipra't
hovercraft vzn6Sedlo majority party vetSino\,6 strana o jade
email ndst s sebou, znamenat:, mit za
ndsledek hung parliament parlament ne- make excuses vymlouvat se publicll
engineering strojirenstvi; strojirenskj schopni dojit k rozhodnuti (v ndmZ manned flight let s lidskou pos6rdkou pursue
26dn6 strana nem6 vyraznou
enlitled to... rnit n6rok na... market-oriented trZnd orientovanj' Quad C
vdtSinu)
meteors and meteorites Ikwor
environmental groups ekologick6 humane humrinni, lidskf racial d
sdruZeni, skupiny ['mi:tic:z'mi:tierarts] meteory
hydroelectric power station vodni a meteority minac
equal opportunities / rights rovnd elektr6rna
piileZitosti / prdva methanol ['rne0ennl] metanol, racism I
illegal nelegiilni metylalkohol radical

ethnic minority groups ['eOnrk]
etnickd men5iny IMF - International Monetary Fund minority party menSinov6 strana covy
MMF - Mezin6rodni mdnovy fond refugeer
exploitation [,eksplcr'teiJen] mobbed obklopen, napaden davem
vykoiisfovdni; zneuLivini; derp6ni immigrate [' rmrgrert] imigrovat, uprchl
piistdhovat se mobile (phone) ['meubarl,'moubel]
(zdrojfr) mobilni telefon renewal
extinction vyhynuti, vyrnieni, zdnik impact on the environment vliv na vitelnl
money laundering prani Spinavjch
Zivotni prostiedi replacer
fax [faks] fax penez
impoverish oZebradit; vyderpat (pridu) Republi
I'eel contempt for sb opovrhovat moral implications etickd drisledky
ndklim incentive of entry into the EU strana
negotiate jednat, vyjednat, dohodnout
fi rst-past-the-post vdtSinovy volebni
Irn'sentrv] stimul vstupu do EU repulse
no-confidence vote hlasov6ni o dri-
system independence nez6vislos ftok
veie
flee uprchnout, utdci indict for... Irn'dartJ obvinit 2... researclt
Nobel Prize fneu'bel,prarz] Nobe- zkoum
flying saucer ['so:se] ldtajici talii inflict heavy losses zprisobit velkd lova cena
ztriLly resign fi
Freedom Union Unie svobody oppose st byt, postavit se proti
information about safefy measures na..., (
gain / win a seat ziskat kieslo oust sb from power [aust] zbavit
informace o bezpednostnich opat- restrict i
gasohol palivov6 smEs benzinu (90%) nEkoho vkidy, piipravit o rloc
ienich
a etylalkoholu (10%) outstanding vyznamny
integrate into the majority retaliatir
general election vSeobecnd volby community integrovat se do vdt5i- overhead projector (OHP) zp€tn1i odveta
genetic engineering genetickd inZe- novd spolednosti projektor
retreat L
n!rstvi intimidation zastraSov6ni overwhelming ohromnj, drtivy, pedi; Li
genetically modified foods geneticky naprostf

invention vynllez right to
upravene potraviny perceive fpe'sirv] vnimat
Internet (the) Internet rising ur
geothermal energy geoterm6rlni jailed for life bjt uvdzndn na doZi- persecution [,pe:sr'kj ulJen] pron6- mestna
energie voti, odpykdvat si doZivotni trest sledovdni Romas,
global street parties shromdZddni na odndti svobody photocopier ['feutau,kopie] kopirka, l'rounr
ulicich proti globalizaci jeopardise ['dSepedarz] ohrozit xerox
science :
globalisation globalizace pickpocketing kapesni kriideZe Itek'nr
land on the moon piist6t na Mdsici
go off vybuchnout planets planety seek refl
landslide victory drtivd vitdzstvi (ve
go to the polls jit k volb6m, jit volit volb6ch) plant a bomb [bom] umistit, nastra- Senate I
government vl6da Zit bombu
laser laser sentence
guerrilla movement Ige'rrle] party- Polaroid camera Polaroid
lasting cease-fire trvald piimdii shock th
z6nskd hnuti Iaunch an attack !c:ntJ] zah6jit utok
political scene fpe'lrtrkel si:n] poli-
Gypsies Cikdni, Romove tickii scdna shout ab
left-wing levicovy
harvest sklizet. sbirat; Zne polling station ['peulr4'sterJcn] vat ura
legal le96lni volebni misto
H-bomb (hydrogen bomb) l'eitJb skirmist
lil'e imprisonment doZivoti pose a potential risk piedstavovat nAzorit
nm 'hardrrd3en bom] vodikov6
light bulb Z6rovka moZnd riziko
bomba. puma Social D
local election volby do mistnich post-electoral [,paust r'lektereI strana
hand over one's weapons odevzdat :
zbran€ zastupitelstev povolebni soft conl

harness vyuZit (energii), spoutat; Lord Chancellor (GB) lord kancldi prejudice against ['pred3udrs] pied- solar po'
postroj (na kond) (piedseda sndmovny lordfr) sudky virdi

MODERN SOCIETY
rozho- price liberalisation solar system slunedni soustava War Crime Tribunal in the Hague
[,hbaralar'zeiJen] liberalizace cen sovereign republic l'sovrrn I neza- [trar'bju:nel 6e herg] Mezin6,rodni
progress pokrok, rozvoj, vfvoj visld, suverdnni republika soudni tribun6l v Haagu
rnd- propeller water turbine vrtulov6 space flighl" lravel kosmick j let. let warring factions ['wc;rr4'frkJenz]
la vodni turbina do vesmiru vdldici strany, frakce
protracted nuclear debate laboratory Ia'boretri,'iebre watchdog body dohliZeci, kontrolni
rl pii- space
tc:ri] vesmlm6 laboratoi, orbit6lni orgiin
Ipra'trrektrd] dlouhotrvajici debata
o jademd energetice stanice weapons ['wepenz] zbranE
na
publicly available veiejnd dostupnd space shuttle raketopl6n websites intemetov6 strdnky
rs6dkou pursue lpe'sjur] pron6sledovat spaceship kosmickii 1od' win a decisive battle vyhr6t rozhodu-
Speaker (GB) piedseda Dolni sn6-
jici bitvu
rvany Quad Coalition
fkwod keue'hJen] dtyikoalice movny windmill vdtmli mlfn; vdtrn6 elekt-
racial discrimination rasov6 diskri- spl.it of Czechoslovakia rozddleni rhma
)ory
minace Ceskoslovenska wind power vEtmd energie
,1,
racism rasismus star hvdzda winning party vitdznd strana
radical right-wing radik6inE pravi- step down (from) odstoupit. rezigno- withdraw from,.. st6hnout (se),
ana
covy vat (na) odstoupit, odejit (odkud)
avem refugees l,reIo'd5i:2.'relodSi:z I

store nuclear waste sklador at ja- World Wide Wetr, Web (the) Intemet,
uprchlici, utedenci, bEZencr dernj odpad svdtov6 sit'Intemet
roubell
renewable (source ofenergy) obno- strike at an enemy zaitoait na
vitelni (zdroj energie) nepiitele
avfch
replacement n6hrada, nahrazeni subject to indignation vystaven
Republican Party Republikdnsk6 nevoli, pobouieni
sledky
strana suffrage ['s,tfrrd3] volebni pr6vo
hodnout
repulse an attack [rr'p,tls] odrazit Sun (the) Slunce
o dfi-
ftok supersonic aircraft nadzvukovy
research [rr'ssltJ,'ri:ss:tf] vyzkum; Ietoun, letadlo
{obe- zkoumat surrender vzd6t se, kapitulovat
resign from... lrr'zarnl rezignovat surrender one's weapons sloZit
i na..., odstoupit 2..., podat demisi zbran€
ravit
reslricl immigration omezit imig- take sb prisoner zajmout ndkoho
JC
raci, piistdhovalectvi
tarnish poSpinit
retaliation Irr,tr1i'erJ(e)n] oplata,
odveta
tension napdti
retreat ustoupit, st6hnout se do bez- terrorism terorismus

uy, pedi; istup, ritodistd test-tube babies deti ze zkumavky
right to vote volebni, hlasovaci prdvo therapeutic [,0ere'pju:trk] lddebnli
rising unemployment rostouci neza- thermal energy l'0arm(e)l] tepeln6
rron6- mdstnanost energie
Romas, Romanies tidal power piilivov6, slapov6 energie
kopirka, I'reumoz'reumoniz.J Romove tunnelled out ['t,tneld'aut] vytune-
science and technology lovdn
Le Itek'noled3i] vdda a technika twins dvojdata
seek refuge ['reflurdg] hledat irtodi5td UFO (unidentified flying object)
nastra- Senate ['senet] sendt [,ju:ef eu] UFO (neidentifikovany
senlence 1o... odsoudit na...
ldtajici objekt), ldtajici talii
shock therapy ['0erepi] 5okov6

universal franchise ['frentJarz] vie-
nl poli- obecnd volebni pr6vo
terapie, lddba Sokem
shout abuse [Jaut e'bjurs] vykiiko-
Upper Chamber (CB) snemovna"
vat ur6Zky, naddvky, sprost6 slova
sn6movna lordi
fanl
upsurge in crime I'npsr:d5l narisr
skirmish ['ska:mrJ] potydka; vymdna
vovat
zlodinnosti
n6zorfr, spor
Social Democratic Party iesk6 Venus probe ['vi:nes preub] sonda
rrel k Venuii
strana soci6lnd-demokratickd
soft contact lenses kontaktni eockl vital to nezbytny, Zivotnd dirleZity pro
rsl pied- solar power / energy slunedni energie war and peace v6lka a mir
war crimes vdlednd zlodiny
. VOCABULARY. 303
The ca
'i'Ro,
CONTENTS Public
Travel
On twr
Crossv
Practic
And rn
FARM
FAMILY Moder
5 Accessories and jewellery 55
Dating Anima
6 Clothes make the man (TL) 56
] Invitations 6 Practice makes perfect
v lhe
58
Weddings Practic
l0 And more practice... 59
Babies 12
And m
*Youth ta
t-) WORK & LEISURE 60
Married life CLIM,
14 The social whirl 6l
Old age and retirement Talking
l5 Jobs 62
Practice makes perfect l6 Rainy r
Looking for a job 63
And more practice... Cold w
I7 Types ofjobs 65
Hot we
']'Keeping a job 66
HOME Weathe
18 Leaving and losing a job 67
-}Diff".ent kinds of housing l8 Banking and finance
'J'Atm,
68
Types of dwelling Practice
20 Practice makes perfect 10
Parts ofa house And mc
21 And more practice... 7l
Building a house 22
Hall NATUI
ZJ COMMUNICATION 1'
Bedroom In the w
24 Posting letters and parcels /)
-a
Classifir
Bathroom 25 Letters 74
Kitchen The cou
26 The telephone 15
Living room Friend c
27 0 Usioe the telephone 76
Garden At the z,
28 CompuGrs and the Internet 71
Maintenance 29 Practice rnakes perfect
v rels
79
Practice makes perfect Plants
30 And more practice... 80
And rnore practice... Practice
3l
And mo
ESSAY PREPARATION 81
FOOD 32
G Healthv eatins EVERY
JJ TOWN & COUNTRY 82
Cooking .-\
35 v. -,I ne modern vt llage 82
THE H
Eating out 36 'rJThe modern city 84
Specialities of British and American First im
JI
Waste disposal and other services 86
cooking 0Head
Asking and telling the way
Food for Thought (It) 39
87
Body an
Crirne and punishment 88
Practice makes perfect 40 Practice
Practice makes perfect 90
And more practice... 4l And mo
And more practice. -. 9l
SHOPPING 42 HEALI
SIGHTSEEING 92
Shops 44 wlRouti
J 45
t Planning a tour 93
First aid
Shopping around Tour sights
46 Disabili
And more practice... 41 Teeth ar
And more practice... 97
Medicin
CLOTHES 48 STDs ar
TRAVEL 98
Materials, colours, and patterns 50 Other he
Travel abroad 98
Describing clothes 51 Pregnan
Air travel 99
Footwear 52 Practice
Dressing and undressing 53
* Sea travel 100
And mo
G Sportswear and working clothes <A
Accommodation l0l
Driving 102
The car 103 SPORT 1s8
GRoad accidents r05 Sporls in the modern Summer Olympic
159
Public transporl 106 Games
Travelling by train 107 The Olympics l6l
On two wheels or on foot 108 Winter sporls 162
Crossword ptzzl,e 109 GKeeping fit r63
Practice makes perfect 110 Professional sport t64
And more practice... ill Sports in English-speaking countries 165
The games people play 166
Practice makes perfect t61
FARMING tt2 And more practice... 168
Modem developments 113
55
Animals on and around the fann tl4 PHRASES AND PHRASAL VERBS 169
56
v I ne souncls ol a larm
, t-r
ll5
58
Practice makes perfect il6 MEDIA 770
59 ON.*spape.s 110
And more practice... 1t'7
Television 112
60 Radio | /-)
CLIMATE 118
61
Talking about the weather 118 Practice makes perfect t74
62
Rainy weather 120 And more practice... t75
63
Cold weather l2l
65
Hot weather t22 CULTURE r76
66
Weather in general 123 Going to the theatre t]6
o/ 'j'Atmosphere 124 Going to the cinema 178
68
Practice makes perfect | 1-) Musical instruments t19
l0 And more practice... 126 *'Going to a concert 180
11 Books and reading 181
NATURE 127 Poetry (IZ) t82
17 Practice makes perfect 183
In the wild 121
/J
Classifi cation of Animals 129 And more practice... 184
1A
The countryside (TL) r30
15
Friend or fbe? (ZZ) 132 EDUCATION r85
/o At the zoo 134 J Studying and examinations 185
71 '.*- Secondary school 186
Pets 135
19 Plants Public school r87
136
80
Practice makes perfect 138 University 188
And more practice... 139 Practice makes perfect 190
81 And more practice... i9l
EVERYDAY PHRASES 140
82 HOLIDAYS r92
82
THE HUMAN BODY r4l s ch.irt-us 195
84
First impressions 141 Practice makes perfect t96
86
v-Head and face t42 And more practice... t97
87 Body and limbs 144
88
Practice makes perfect 146 MODERN SOCIETY r98
90
And more practice... 141 v uloDallzatron 198
91 Economic and political situation 199
HEALTH 148 Discrimination 200
92 War and peace, terrorism 201
**Routine illnesses and accidents 148
93
First aid t49 Progress in science and technology 202
94
Disabilities r50 Energy 204
96 Teeth and the dentist 151 Practice makes perfect 205
9l Medicines and treatments t52 And more practice... 206
STDs and dr-ug abuse l)J
98
Other health probiems 154 KEY 207
98 Pregnancy and childbirlh 155 VOCABULARY 248
99
Practice makes perf-ect 156
100
And more practice... t51
101
102
Jarmila Fictumovd,
John Ceccarelli, Tony Long
ANGLTTTTXE
KONVERZACE PRO POKROdILE
Tbpic-based Vocabulary for Advanced Learners
Odpovddn6 redaktorka Anne Johnson

Kreslend ilustrace Luk65 Fictum
Ob6lka Bohdan Luk65
Sazba iestmir Kudera
Vydala Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu -
- Barrister & Principal
Martinkova 5,602 00 Brno
www.barrister.cz
e-mai I : distribuce@barrister. cz
Tel.: 545 211015
Brno 2008
vyd6ni druhd, upraven6
Doporuden6 prodejni cena 445 K(
rsBN 978-80-87029 -40-4

IltlilIilililtilililIltililil
7 154

Anglictina Konverzace Pro Pokrocile 2008

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anglictina Konverzace Pro Pokrocile 2008

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

To the teacher

Topic-bused Vocubulury for Advanced Leurners

Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu - Barrister & Principal

Topic-bused Vocubulury for Advanced Leurners

Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu - Barrister & Principal

FAMILY HOME" FOOD, SHOPPING, CLOTHES,

FARMING, CLIMATE, NATURE,

h ttp ://eldu m.p hil.m u ni.czlcou rse/view.p hp? id: I9

O Spolednost pro odbornou literaturu - Barrister & Principal o. s., 2008

l. to' are workins ir.:i::*i:l Ed Perer

i$*i+i*-$t-l',.,u;' ',dfi W#ii#*:"" 4t,

retationshrp : :j; fl*Tif

Htliil;l ;i;;l:ii" YIJ,,:

:ut*r;\:*::""x; aod arttu"'"",.^. ",.

*l"ot, o"t,:.:-:ltt"t .' tc

til"''ffi h**j*rurri "' m *+l$'l*f**{li:rfil;;

,teration.r.ip :$5::,:aillltxl"#',i'il1';"il"g '""

Talking about people talented to make a good match to split up / break up

on tonight? That would be fun / wonderful. Thanks anyway,

What time should I be there?

I"i IKE J-'RAH

the //1\ tt, I

when they have to go out. How do

{ tmagine that you are visiting a

formula (US) play groups / schools / schemes to toilet-train

{ ,n g,orp, of two or thtee act out an atgument

rrrifiIilin of the problems you wrote about.

1 Mary knew that Mike was on her. She regarded

Morried Life I eal ousy hou seh us band

Some positive aspects of marriage '

'14 . Topic-based Vocabulary .

Old Age and Retirement

his grandfather. to break up the a large

outside wedlock. dor to look after the

1 She had to cope with the c father arrangeo ...... break-up

;ether United States during the 1960s and 970s as an

ramirv' l:fl.:ll"r 2e symparhy . lll,l* ll;,.",

Joe sontlnenťaí fi*alty

Charlie and Edith

are on a tight budget.

have trouble sleeping at night.

love walking in the country. f

conversation about a flat that is lor

The commute to work trvas too long. *":

3 teraced house (GB)

detached house (GB)

{ Describe the house of the luture. What

l names again, using lhe adjectives

f *urrnthe items in the box to the

r damaged by water / age

r small sores caused by enjoy it. i

rubbing the skin too much I

io level the ground g rave I

beams and rafters trowel

15 wedding photo 16(

1 kitchen unit 15 mlcrowave oven

Living Room nest of tables grandfather clock

coj{ee table piano doubie glazing

rake the leaves

at water the plants a

you do wlth them.

b peeling paint on the window frames

d a broken water heater

i$i+i-$t-l',.,u;' ',dfi W#ii#*:"" 4t,

:utr;\:::""x; aod arttu"'"",.^. ",.

til"''ffi h**jrurri "' m +l$'l*f**{li:rfil;;