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CHAPTER FOUR
True-False
1. It is common for the losing party in arbitration to successfully appeal the arbitrator’s award.
Answer: F
2. Arbitration clauses in consumer and employment contracts have received considerable attention
from the courts in recent years.
Answer: T
3. It is expected that mediators will maintain neutrality throughout their service, but an ombudsperson
is not required to remain neutral.
Answer: T
4. A party to a case can gain financial backing for a lawsuit through the ADR method called
partnering.
Answer: F
Answer: T
6. A retainer fee ensures that the attorney will remain available for the client.
Answer: T
2 Chapter Four
Answer: F
8. In some court systems, non-binding arbitration is a requirement before the judicial process may
procedure.
Answer: T
9. In some types of cases, statutory law prescribes a maximum fee an attorney may charge.
10. Attorneys are legally prohibited from advertising for new clients, except by listing their names and
addresses in telephone directories.
Answer: F
Answer: T
12. The main difference between an attorney and a lawyer is that the attorney may practice law in
courtrooms, whereas the lawyer may not.
Answer: F
13. The mandatory minimum qualification to become an attorney is prescribed by the federal
government.
Answer: F
14. The attorney-client privilege is identical to a lawyer’s duty to the client of confidentiality.
Answer: F
15. Although attorneys are encouraged to adhere to the traditional requirements of a professional, they
cannot be subjected to punishment or discipline by state bar associations unless convicted of a
crime involving moral turpitude.
Answer: F
16. The mediation process normally leads to written findings of fact or conclusions of law by the
mediator.
Answer: F
17. Where a legal fee is prescribed by law, the stated amount is the maximum that may be charged, thus
a client is free to negotiate a lower fee, and is often well advised to do so.
Answer: T
Test Bank 3
18. In civil litigation the party who loses the case is normally responsible for payment of the winner’s
attorney fees.
Answer: F
19. The federal Legal Services Corporation is an organization that investigates lawyer malpractice
suits.
20. Contingency fees, once a common method of charging attorney’s fees in tort cases, are now illegal
under federal law.
Answer: F
Answer: T
22. Passing a bar examination in one state allows a person to practice law in any state of the U.S.
Answer: F
23. Opposing counsel is not permitted to communicate directly with another attorney’s client.
Answer: T
24. Private judging offers more flexibility and privacy than a normal trial.
Answer: T
25. Third-party associations, such as the American Arbitration Association (AAA), sell administrative
support, including procedural rules and administrative assistance, for parties seeking arbitration of
their disputes.
Answer: T
26. The attorney-client privilege identifies the right an attorney has to garnish a client’s wages if a
client fails after 30 days to pay a fee bill.
Answer: F
27. The assistance of an attorney at law is not important in an adversarial system of justice.
Answer: F
Answer: F
29. A party to a case can lawfully represent him or herself, but cannot represent others without a license
to practice law.
4 Chapter Four
Answer: T
30. Neutral expert fact-finding is a non-binding process in which an appointed expert investigates or hears
facts on selected issues.
31. A fiduciary relationship is one between two persons wherein one has an obligation to perform
services with scrupulous good faith and honesty.
Answer: T
32. In England, lawyers are divided into two groups, solicitors, who represent and advise
clients, and barristers, who are selected by solicitors to present a client’s case in adversary
proceedings, whereas in the United States lawyers are licensed to perform both functions.
Answer: T
33. Attorney Jimmy Blue represented the plaintiff in a contract dispute that was nearing trial. To
encourage a compromise, Blue e-mailed the defendant, Christina Tapia, instead of contacting
Tapia’s attorney. Blue told Tapia that $12,500 would be a fair settlement for the case and indeed
Blue did believe it would be. Blue has acted ethically.
Answer: F
34. The larger a law firm is, the less likely a conflict of interest will arise.
Answer: F
35. Gacaca courts are a historic South African tribal-based conflict resolution method.
Answer: F
36. One major requirement of the adversary system is that the aggrieved party not merely an observer,
must be the one to initiate and pursue available legal remedies.
Answer: T
Fill-ins
2. ________________ is a non-binding part of process that parties in some states are required to
participate in before they can go to trial.
Answer: Court-annexed arbitration
4. A broad term used to describe methods of resolving disputes through means other than the
Test Bank 5
traditional judicial process is __________________.
5. When an attorney at law represents a new client, who is suing a former client, there is probably a
.
7. ________________ refers to rules of conduct by which individuals, social groups, and societies
evaluate their actions from the perspective of moral principles and values.
Answer: Ethics
8. In all states, communications made by the client to the attorney are , meaning
the client has the right to have such communications remain confidential. This is called
the_______________ .
Answer: Negotiation
10. occurs when parties in conflict select a neutral third party, the
________________ , to hear and decide their dispute. He or she is essentially a private judge
whose decision can be legally binding.
11. A person in a position of trust who undertakes to act for another with scrupulous good faith and
honesty is called a__________________ .
Answer: fiduciary
12. With a few exceptions, a person may appear ____________ , or in other words, may
represent himself or herself in court without the presence of an attorney.
13. A third party usually selected by just one of the parties in an attempt to help resolve a dispute is
called an _________________ .
Answer: ombudsperson
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ruumiinsa aivan myttyyn; mutta hiljainen, lämmin ilma, lauhkea tuuli,
lienteät varjot koivun urpujen ja kukkien tuoksu, herttainen loisto
kuuttomalta, tähdikkäältä taivaalta, ystävällinen hevosten kopina ja
korskunta, kaikki nämä syysyön vastakkaisuudet laskeusivat saksalais-
raukan sydämeen, ja hän itse aloitti ensimäiseksi puheen Lavretskin
kanssa.
XXII.
— Miksikä ei?
Lemm seisahtui.
— Olkaa niin hyvä, alkoi hän vapisevalla äänellä, älkää ivatko minua.
En minä mieletön ole: minä katson haudan synkkyyteen, enkä ruusuiseen
tulevaisuuteen.
Hän tapasi kaikki kotona, mutta ei ilmaissut aikomustaan heti; hän halusi
puhutella Liisaa kahden kesken. Onni olikin myötäinen: he jäivät kahden
vierashuoneesen. He alkoivat puhella; Liisa ehti tottua häneen eikä hän
muutoinkaan kainostellut ketään. Lavretski kuunteli, katsoen suoraan
silmiin häntä, ja toisteli ajatuksissaan Lemmin sanoja, sekä huomasi
ukon olevan oikeassa. Tapahtuu välistä, kun kaksi tuttavaa henkilöä,
vaan ei vielä likeisiä ystäviä, puhelevat keskenään, niin lähestyvät he
äkkiä, muutaman minutin kuluessa, toisiansa; tämän lähestymisen
huomaa paikalla heidän katseistaan, ystävällisistä, hiljaisista
myhäilyistään ja kaikista heidän liikkeistään. Juuri tällainen
lähestyminen tapailtu. Lavretskin ja Liisan välillä. "Katsos minkälainen
sinä oletkin", ajatteli Liisa, ystävällisesti katsoen häneen;
"semmoinenkos sinä oletkin", ajatteli taas Lavretski. Sen tähden ei hän
yhtään kummeksinutkaan, kun Liisa ilmoitti epäileväisesti hänelle, että
jo kauan oli halunnut ilmaista hänelle jotakin, vaan pelkäsi pahoittavansa
häntä.
— Teidän täytyy anteeksi antaa, sanoi hän hiljaa, että teillekin anteeksi
annettaisiin.
— Minä voin siis samoin olla onneton, vastasi Liisa (äänensä alkoi
tulla katkonaiseksi), silloin täytyy nöyrtyä; minä en osaa selittää, vaan
jos me emme nöyrry…
— Jos et ole ihastunut, niin olet epäilijä, se sen pahempi. Mutta millä
oikeudella sinä olet epäilijä? Tosin, sinulle ei elämässä onnistunut; se ei
ollut sinun vikasi: sinä olet sydämeltäsi kiihkoinen ja rakastavainen,
mutta sinut vieroitettiin väkisin naisista: ensimäinen vastaan tuleva
nainen oli siis pettävä sinut.
— Sinä korjaa itsesi! sitä varten olet ihminen, mies; ethän järkeä
lainata tarvitse. Mutta olkoon miten tahansa, saapiko, onko luvallista
asettaa sitä yleisiin, tunnustettuihin sääntöihin?
— Sinä olet itsekäs, siinä kaikki! ärjyi hän hetken kuluttua, sinä
halusit itsenautintoa, sinä halusit onnea elämässäsi, sinä halusit elää
ainoastaan itseäsi varten…
— Mistä sinä olet saanut päähäsi, että minä makaan? sanoi Lavretski,
mistä sinä päätät, että minulla on senlaiset ajatukset?
— Kuin sukulainen?
— Ei.
— Miksi?
— Millaisen?
— Rukoilitteko puolestani?
— Rukoilin, ja rukoilen joka päivä. Mutta te, olkaa niin hyvä, ettette
puhu siitä niin kevytmielisesti.
— Usein?
— Niin.
— Sitä ei luulisi, nyt teihin katsoessa; teillä on niin iloiset, selkeät
kasvot, te hymyilette…
— Johan sanoin teille, että minä voin hairahtua; mutta toisekseen, aika
on kaikki näyttävä.