PROBLEMAS DE ESTUDIO VELOCIDAD DE PROPAGACION DEL SONIDO

E INTENSIDAD Y NIVEL DE INTENSIDAD

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ing trees recalled to return by reflection from the object. Typically, these
He saw a moving devices cannot reliably detect an object that is less than S
del tutorial available in
un and descending half a meter from the sensor. Why is that?
WebAssign Note: Throughout this chapter, pressure variations DP are 4. An experimenter wishes to genera
blem measured relative to atmospheric pressure, 1.013 3 10 Pa. 5 M that has a displacement amplitude
pressure amplitude is to be limite
torial available
7. in Enhanced
Section 17.1 Pressure Variations in Sound Waves the minimum wavelength the soun
AMT Analysis Model tutorial available in
1. AWebAssign
Enhanced sinusoidal sound wave BIO moves through a medium and 5. Calculate the pressure amplitude
deoGPsolution available
is described
W Problem
Guided in by the displacement
Q/C wave function wave in air, assuming that the dis
WebAssign is equal to 2.00 3 10 –8 m.
s(x, t)in5Enhanced
M Master It tutorial available 2.00 cos (15.7x 2 858t)
WebAssign 6. Earthquakes at fault lines in the
where s is in micrometers, S x isBIO in meters, and t is in sec-
seismic waves, which are longit
W Watch It onds. Find (a)
video solution the amplitude,
available in (b) the wavelength, and
Q/C transverse (S waves). The P waves
Enhanced(c)
WebAssign
the speed of this wave. (d) Determine the instanta-
7 km/s. Estimate the average b
4. neous
An experimenter
displacement from wishes to
equilibrium
S generate in air
of the elements a sound wavecrust given that the den
Earth’s
of
thatthehas medium at the position
a displacement x 5 0.050 0ofm5.50
amplitude at t 35 1026 m. The 3
a. M 8.
3.00 ms. (e) Determine the maximum speed of the ele-
2 500 kg/m .
ariations DP arepressure
ment’s 4.amplitudemotion.is to wishes
An experimenter
oscillatory be limited to 0.840
to generate in air Pa. 7.What
a sound waveis (Fig. P17.7) in sea-
A dolphin
the
Pa.a minimum M that has a displacement amplitude
wavelength of 5.50 3 10 m. The
wave travelsthe sound thewave
air, can have?
26
re, 1.013 3 2.105As water at a temperature of 258C
certain sound through it
pressure amplitude is to be limited to 0.840 Pa. emits What ais sound wave directed
5. produces
Calculate pressure
the variations (above
pressure amplitude and below
of a atmo-
2.00-kHz soundthe ocean floor 150 m
and
Waves the minimum wavelength the sound wave can have?
spheric pressure) given by DP 5 1.27 sin (px 2 340pt)
toward
ugh a medium
wave
in in 5.
SI units.
and
air,
Find assuming
Calculate that the
the pressure
(a) the amplitude displacement
amplitude
of the pressureofvari- amplitude
a 2.00-kHz below.
soundHow much time passes
ve function 9. is equal
ations, towave
(b) the 2.00 in3air,
frequency,
–8
10(c) m.wavelength
assuming
the that thein displacement
air, and amplitudeit hears an echo?
before
(d) the speed is ofequal to 2.00
the sound 3 10 –8 m.
wave. 8. A sound wave propagates in
58t) 6. Earthquakes at fault lines in the Earth’s crust create
Q/C air at 278C with frequency
sec- 3. Write an expression
6. Earthquakes that describes
at fault the linespressure
in the varia-
Earth’s crust create
ters, and t is inseismic waves,
sec-as a function
tion ofwhich
position are
and longitudinal
time
are for a sinusoi-(P(Pwaves) or It passes through a
4.00 kHz.
and
he wavelength, and
seismic waves, which longitudinal waves) or
region where the temperature
transverse
dal sound wave (Sinwaves).
air. Assume
transverse (S The
waves). P The
the waves
speed
P have
of sound
waves a speed
have is
a speed ofofabout
about
nta-
mine the instanta- gradually changes and then
7
343 km/s.
m/s, l 5Estimate
0.100
7 km/s.m, and the
DP max
Estimate average
5the0.200 bulk
Pa.
average bulkmodulus ofof the
modulusmoves the
ents
m of the elements
Earth’s crustthatgiventhe thatdensity
the density of
through air at 08C. Give
rockisisnumerical
about answers to the fol-
Earth’s crust given of rock about
5 0 Section
t 0.050 m at10.
t 517.2 Speed of Sound Waves
2 3500 kg/m3.
m speed of the2 ele- 500 kg/m . 2 can also be assigned with this lowing questions to the extent po
ele- Problem 85 in Chapter
7. A dolphin (Fig. P17.7) in sea- reasoning about what happens to
Stephen Frink/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images

7.section.
A dolphinwater (Fig.at P17.7) in sea- (a) What happens to the speed o
Stephen Frink/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images

a temperature of 258C
hrough the air, it
water atrest
a temperature
emits
of thisachapter, of
sound unless
wave 258C directed speci- happens to its frequency? (c) W
r,
e andit belowNote:
atmo- In the
toward the ocean floor
otherwise
150 kg/m
m 3 wavelength?
7 sin (px 2 emits
fied,
340pt) a sound
the equilibrium wave
density ofdirected
air is r 5 1.20
mo- below. How airmuch time passes 9. Ultrasound is used in medicine
f the pressure toward
and the speed
vari- theof ocean
sound in floor is v 5150343m m/s. Use Table
pt) in air,
elength 17.1and before it hears an
to find speeds of sound in other media. echo? BIO imaging (Fig. P17.9, page 526)
below. How much time passes
ari- 8. A sound wave propagates in
before Q/C it hears
air atan 278Cecho? with frequency
and
the pressure varia-
time for a8. A sound wave
sinusoi- 4.00 kHz. It passes through
propagates in a
speed ofQ/C region where the temperature
ria- air
sound is at 278C with changes
gradually
frequency and then
0.200 Pa. 4.00 kHz. It passes through a Give
soi- moves through air at 08C. Figure P17.7
d is region where the
numerical temperature
answers to the fol-
signed with this
gradually lowing changes and tothen
questions the extent possible and state your
reasoning
moves through air at 08C. Give about what happens to the wave physically.
(a) What happens to the speed of the Figurewave?P17.7
(b) What
numericalhappens answersto to the fol-
its frequency? (c) What happens to its
otherwise speci-
5 1.20 kg/m3
lowing questions wavelength? to the extent possible and state your
reasoning
3 m/s. Use Table about what
9. Ultrasound happens
is used to theboth
in medicine waveforphysically.
diagnostic
edia. (a) What happens
BIO to the
imaging (Fig. speed
P17.9, page of the
526) wave?
and (b) What
for therapy. For
 rom a S above the sidewalk as shown in Figure P17.13. It falls 17.2. Show that the
is given pr
by Eq
Figure P17.9 A view of a fetus

B. Be
nce to toward an unsuspecting man of height h who is stand- described by DP 5 6 r
delay ing below. Assume in the
the uterus made with
manA requires ultra-
a time interval of 17. by
is given A Equation
hammer 17.str
Figure
soundP17.9 view of a fetus
imaging. Q/C 8.50 m. A mi
ength Dt to respondinto
thethe warning.
uterus madeHowwith close
ultra- to the sidewalk 17. A hammer strikes one e
red to can the flowerpot fall before
sound imaging. it is too late for a warning Q/C the rail detec
8.50 m. A microphone
eed of 10.
11.
A sound wave in air has a pressure amplitude equal tothe rail detects
shouted from the balcony to reach the man in time? Use throughtwothe
pu
nearly Wthe symbol
4.00 3 v
10for
23the
Pa.speed of sound.
Calculate the displacement amplitude through the
10. A sound wave in air has a pressure amplitude equal to through the air and a
What
ncy of W The
15. of speed
4.00 3the
10wave
23 Pa.at
of sounda frequency
Calculate
in air the of 10.0per
kHz.
(in displacement
meters amplitude
second) through phone
the rail.first?
(a) W
of the waveon at a frequencyaccording
of 10.0 kHz.
iques, 11. Suppose you hear a clap of thunder 16.2 s after see-phone first?
depends temperature to the approxi- (b) Find ot
the arrivals
Hz are mate
11. W
Supposeexpressionhear a clap of thunder 16.2 s after see- the arrivals of the two p
ing theyou associated lightning strike. The speed of light 18. A cowboy sta
nding ing the v
associated5 331.5
lightning
1 0.607T
strike. The speed of light 18. A cowboy stands on
WQ/C in air is 3.00 3 10 m/s. (a) How far are you from the
8
8 C
parallel, verth
in lightning
air is
Q/C where TC3.00 10 m/s.
3 Celsius
is the
strike? (b) (a)
Do How
temperature.
you needfarInaretoyou
dry air,from
know thethe thevalue ofparallel, vertical cliffs.
cliffs. He fire
lightning strike?
temperature (b) Do
decreases you18C
about need for to know
every the value
150-m rise of cliffs. He fires a shot an
in the speed of lightthis to answer? Explain.up to an echo arrives
thealtitude.
speed of (a)light
Assume to answer? change is constant
Explain. echo arrives 1.92 s afte
altitude of 9 000 m. What time interval is required for third. Consid
12.12.
A A rescue
rescue plane
plane flies flies horizontally
horizontally at a at a constant
constant speed speedthird. Consider only t
WW
thesearching
sound from for
searching for
an airplane
a a disabled
disabled
flying
boat.
at 9
boat.000
When
m to
When
the
reach the is
plane plane isthe ground and reflecta
the ground
the ground on a day when the ground temperature is the distance
directly
directly
308C? (b)above
Whatabove the
boat,boat,
theCompare
If? theyour the
boat’s
answerboat’s
crew crew
withblows
the time loud a loudthe distance between th
ablows
horn. By
thethe
timeiftime the plane’s sound hear echo,
receivesreceiveshear a fourth a fourth
how
horn.
interval Byrequired the
the plane’s
air were sound atdetector
detector
uniformly 308C.
thethe
Which horn’s
horn’s
time sound,
sound,
interval isthe the
planeplane
longer? has traveled
has traveled a distance a distanceit arrive?it arrive?
equal
16. A equalto half
sound wave its
to half altitude
moves downabove
its altitude the ocean.
above
a cylinder the Assuming
ocean.
as in it
FigureAssuming it
takes the sound 2.00 s to reach the plane, determine Section 17.3 Intensity
Section 17.3 of Pe
Inte
takes
S 17.2. Showthethatsound 2.00 s variation
the pressure to reachofthe the plane,
wave is determine
(a)(a)
thethe
speed DPof5the 6 plane !and (b)
s 2max 2 s 2 its altitude.
, where 19. Calculate the soundthe
lev
described
12. byspeed of the
rv v plane and (b) itss 5altitude.
s(x, t) 19. Calculate
is given by Equation 17.1. that has an intensity of
that has an in
13. A hammer
17.13.
A flowerpot strikesis one
knocked
end of off
a thicka iron rail of length 20. The area of a typical ea
A
window
flowerpot
ledge
is knocked
from a height
off a
dat5the opposite end of 20. The area of a
AMT
Q/C 8.50 m. A microphone located (a) Calculate the avera
AMT20.0window ledge thefrom a height as d one5
W the rail m detects
20.0 inm
above
above
two sidewalk
pulses
the
of sound,
sidewalk
that travels
as that travels eardrum(a) Calculate
at the thresho
ual to Wthrough
shown theFigure
air and P17.13. It falls wave
a longitudinal eardrum at tW
to an intensity of 1.00
litude shown
toward
through thein
an Figure
unsuspecting
rail. P17.13.
(a) Which manpulse It reaches
of falls the micro- to an
transferred intensit
to the eard
toward
height
phone h 5an
first? (b)unsuspecting
1.75 m who
Find man inoftime between
the isseparation
stand- 1.00 min?transferred to
er see- the arrivals
below.hof5
ingheight the two m
1.75
Assume pulses.
whoman
the is stand- d
1.00 min?
f light 18. Arequires
ing below.
cowboy astands
time interval
Assume
on of the
horizontal Dt 5 man between two
ground d 21. The intensity of a so
m the 0.300
parallel, s to
requires respond
vertical
a time to
cliffs. theis warn-
He
interval notofmidway
Dt 5 between the from21.a speaker vibrati
The intensity
lue of ing. How
cliffs.
0.300 s close
He fires to the
to arespond
shot and sidewalk
hears
to the its warn-
echoes. The second
h (a) Determine
from the inten
a speak
echo arrives 1.92 s after
can the flowerpot fall before it the first and 1.47 s before the is increased to 2.50 kH
ing.
third. How
Consider close to the
only the shouted sidewalk
sound traveling parallel to h (a) Determin
speed is too late for a warning amplitude is maintain
thecan
from groundthebalcony
the flowerpot
and reflecting fall
to reach from before
the it Figure
the cliffs. (a) What is
P17.13 is increased t
ane is if the frequency is redu
a loud the
manisdistance
too latebetween
in time? for a warning
the cliffs?shouted
(b) What If? If he
Problems 13 can
and 14. placement amplitude
amplitudeisis
ceives hear a fourth
from the echo, how long
balcony third echoFigure
after thethe
to reach does P17.13 if the frequen
stance it arrive?
man in time? Problems 13 and 14. placement am
ming it
rmine Section 17.3 Intensity of Periodic Sound Waves
19. Calculate the sound level (in decibels) of a sound wave
that has an intensity of 4.00 mW/m2.
20. The area of a typical eardrum is about 5.00 3 1025 m2.
(a) Calculate the average sound power incident on an
eardrum at the threshold of pain, which corresponds
to an intensity of 1.00 W/m2. (b) How much energy is
transferred to the eardrum exposed to this sound for