Symb Symbo

Symbol Name Symbol Name

ol l
= equals sign | perpendicular
≠ not equal sign || parallel
> strict inequality ≅ congruent to
< strict inequality ~ similarity
≥ inequality Δ triangle
≤ inequality |x-y| distance
() parentheses π pi constant
[] brackets rad radians
+ plus sign grad grads
− minus sign x x variable
± plus - minus ≡ equivalence
∓ minus - plus ≜ equal by definition
* asterisk := equal by definition
× times sign ~ approximately equal
multiplication
∙ ≈ approximately equal
dot
division sign /
÷ ∝ proportional to
obelus
/ division slash ∞ lemniscate
– horizontal line ≪ much less than
Mod modulo ≫ much greater than
. period () parentheses
ab power [] brackets
a^b caret {} braces
√a square root x! exclamation mark
3√a cube root |x| single vertical bar
4√a fourth root f (x) function of x
n-th root
n√a (f ∘g) function composition
(radical)
% percent (a,b) open interval
 ‰ per-mille [a,b] closed interval
ppm per-million ∆ delta
ppb per-billion ∆ discriminant
ppt per-trillion ∑ sigma
∠ angle ∑∑ sigma
∟ right angle ∏ capital pi
e constant / Euler's
º degree E
number
Euler-Mascheroni
´ arcminute Γ
constant
´´ arcsecond Φ golden ratio
AB line segment Π pi constant
median / second
∙ dot Q2
quartile
× cross Q3 upper / third quartile
A⊗B tensor product X sample mean
[] brackets S2 sample variance
sample standard
() parentheses S
deviation
| A | determinant zx standard score
det(A) determinant X~ distribution of X
double vertical N(μ,σ2
|| x || normal distribution
bars )
A T transpose U(a,b) uniform distribution
Hermitian exponential
A† exp(λ)
matrix distribution
Hermitian gamma
A* gamma distribution
matrix (c, λ)
A -1 inverse matrix Χ 2(k) chi-square distribution
Rank( F (k1,
matrix rank F distribution
A) k2)
dim(U Bin(n,p
dimension binomial distribution
) )
 probability Poisso
P(A) Poisson distribution
function n(λ)
probability of
P(A ∩ Geom(
events geometric distribution
B) p)
intersection
P(A ∪ probability of HG(N, hyper-geometric
B) events union K,n) distribution
conditional
P(A | Bern(p
probability Bernoulli distribution
B) )
function
probability
F (x) density function N! Factorial
(pdf)
Cumulative
F(x) distribution nPk permutation
function (cdf)
population
Μ {} Set
mean
Expectation
E(X) A ∩ B intersection
value
E(X | conditional
A ∪ B union
Y) expectation
var(X) variance A ⊆ B subset
proper subset / strict
Σ2 variance A⊂B
subset
standard
std(X) A ⊄ B not subset
deviation
standard
σX A ⊇ B superset
deviation
proper superset / strict
median A⊃B
superset
cov(X,
covariance A ⊅ B not superset
Y)
corr(X correlation 2A power set
 ,Y)
ρX,Y correlation A = B equality
∑ summation Ac complement
double
∑∑ A\B relative complement
summation
Mo mode A - B relative complement
MR mid-range A ∆ B symmetric difference
Md sample median A ⊖ B symmetric difference
lower / first
Q1 a∈A element of
quartile
x∉A not element of ∰ closed volume integral
(a,b) ordered pair i imaginary unit
cartesian
A×B Z* complex conjugate
product
|A| cardinality z complex conjugate
#A cardinality ∇ nabla / del
Ø empty set x*y convolution
· and δ delta function
caret /
^ ∞ lemniscate
circumflex
& ampersand α Alpha
+ plus β Beta
∨ reversed caret γ Gamma
| vertical line δ Delta
x' single quote ε Epsilon
x bar ζ Zeta
¬ not η Eta
exclamation
! θ Theta
mark
circled plus /
⊕ ι Iota
oplus
~ tilde κ Kappa
⇒ implies λ Lambda
 ⇔ equivalent μ Mu
↔ equivalent ν Nu
∀ for all ξ Xi
∃ there exists ο Omicron
there does not
∄ π Pi
exists
∴ therefore ρ Rho
∵ because / since σ Sigma
ε epsilon τ Tau
e constant /
e υ Upsilon
Euler's number
y' derivative φ Phi
second
Y '' χ Chi
derivative
Y(n) nth derivative ψ Psi
Dx y derivative ω Omega
second
Dx2 y ∫ Integral
derivative
∭ triple integral ∬ double integral
closed contour /
∮ ∯ closed surface integral
line integral