13 Guided Waves 2014mk

Nguyễn Công Phương
Engineering Electromagnetics
Guided Waves & Radiation

Contents
I. Introduction
II. Vector Analysis
III. Coulomb’s Law & Electric Field Intensity
IV. Electric Flux Density, Gauss’ Law & Divergence
V. Energy & Potential
VI. Current & Conductors
VII. Dielectrics & Capacitance
VIII. Poisson’s & Laplace’s Equations
IX. The Steady Magnetic Field
X. Magnetic Forces & Inductance
XI. Time – Varying Fields & Maxwell’s Equations
XII. Transmission Lines
XIII. The Uniform Plane Wave
XIV. Plane Wave Reflection & Dispersion
XV. Guided Waves & Radiation
Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 2

Guided Waves & Radiation
1. Transmission Line Fields
2. Basic Waveguide Operation
3. Plane Wave Analysis of the Parallel - Plate Waveguide
4. Parallel - Plate Guide Analysis Using the Wave
Equation
5. Rectangular Waveguides
6. Planar Dielectric Waveguides
7. Optical Fiber
8. Basic Antenna Principles
Transmission Line Fields (1)
I I
− jβ z
Vs ( z ) = V0e – –– –––– –– –
++ ++ + + +
V
I s ( z) = 0 e − j β z E E k
H H
Z0 + + + ++ ++ + + +
–––– –– –
where Z0 = L / C
Vs V0 − jβ z
Esx ( z ) = = e
d d 1
b d
→ Pz = ∫ ∫ Re{E xs Hˆ ys }dxdy
I s V0 − jβ z 0 0 2
H sy ( z ) = K sz = = e
b bZ 0 1 V0 Vˆ0
= (bd )
2 d bZˆ 0
2
V0 1
= = Re[Vs Iˆs ]
2Zˆ0 2
t
ε 'b
C=
d d Conductor (σc) Dielectric
(σ, ε’, μ)
σ σb t
G= C= b
ε' d
µd
L ≈ Lexternal =
b
L d µ
Z0 = =
R=
2 C b ε'
σ cδ b
2πε '
C= Dielectric Conductor
ln(b / a) (σ, ε’, μ) (σc)
σ 2πσ a
G= C= b
ε' ln(b / a) c
µ b
Lexternal = ln Cao tần
2π a
1 1
Rinternal = , Rexternal =
2π aδσ c 2π bδσ c
1 1
1 Lexternal 1 µ b
R=  +  Z0 = = ln
2πδσ c  a b  C 2π ε' a
2πε '
C= Dielectric Conductor
ln(b / a ) (σ, ε’, μ) (σc)
σ 2πσ
G= C= a
ε' ln(b / a ) b
l 1 c
Rinternal = =
σ c S σ c (π a 2 ) Low frequency
1
Rexternal =
σ c [π ( c2 − b 2 )]
1  1 1 
R= +
πσ c  a 2 c 2 − b2 
µ  b 1 1  2 4 c2 c 
L= ln + +  b − 3c + 2 2 ln  
2
2π  a 4 4(c − b ) 
2 2
c −b b  
πε ' πε ' Conductor
C= −1
≈ (a ≪ d ) (σc)
cosh (d / 2a ) ln(d / a ) a Dielectric a
(σ, ε’, μ)
µ −1 µ d
Lexternal = cosh (d / 2 a ) ≈ ln (a ≪ d ) d
π π a
High frequency
σ πσ
G= C=
ε' cosh −1(d / 2 a )
1
R=
π aδσ c

πε ' Conductor
C=
cosh −1 (d / 2a )
(σc)
a Dielectric a
(σ, ε’, μ)
πσ
G= −1 d
cosh (d / 2a )
Low frequency
µ 1 −1 
L= + cosh ( d / 2 a )
π  4 
2
R=
π a 2σ c

Dẫn sóng & bức xạ
Equation
7. Optical Fiber
Basic Waveguide Operation (1)
d
x
ε y
Parallel-plate waveguide

b a
x
a
n2 n2
n1
d n1
b a
n2
I I
– –– –––– –– –
++ ++ + + +
E E k
H H
+ + + ++ ++ + + +
z –––– –– –
d
x
k l = k x = k = ω µε
ε y kl
θ kx kl
θ

x
E H
H kx E kx
kl kl
z
TE TM
kl
θ kx kl
θ

3. Plane Wave Analysis of the Parallel - Plate
Waveguide
Equation
7. Optical Fiber
Plane Wave Analysis of the Parallel - Plate Waveguide
(1)
κm
λ kl
λ
β m = k 2 − κm2
θm
βm
ω ε r' ωn
k = ω µ0ε ' = =
c c

(2)
kx kl kx kl
Etới Ephản xạ
Etới Ephản xạ
Ez –Ez
Perfect Perfect
conductor conductor
TE, π phase shift TM, 0 phase shift

(3) '
ω εr ωn
βm = k 2
− κ m2 k = ω µ0ε ' = =
c c
Reflection with o or π phase shift
kl kl
κmd κmd
λ
kx
Phản xạ với dịch pha 0 hoặc π
mπ
κm d + ϕ + κm d + ϕ = 2 mπ → κm =
d
(4)
β m = k 2 − κ m2 κm
λ kl
ω ε r' ωn
k = ω µ0ε ' = =
c c
mπ
κm = θm
d
κ m = k cos θ m
βm
  mπ   mπ c   mλ 
θ m = arccos  kd  = arccos  ω nd  = arccos  2nd 
      
→
π π
2 2
  m   m c 
β
 m = k 2
− κ 2
= k 1 −   = k 1 −  
ω
m
  kd   nd 
(5)
mπ c
Definition: ωcm = κm
nd λ kl
 mπ c 
2
βm = k 1 −  
 ω nd 
θm
nω ω 
2
→ βm = 1 −  cm 
c  ω  βm
2π c 2nd
λcm = =
ωcm m
2
2π n  λ 
→ βm = 1−  
λ λ
 cm 
Ex. 1 (6)
A parallel-plate transmission lines has plate separation d = 1cm, and is filled
with teflon having ε’r = 2.1. Find the maximum operating frequency such that
only the TEM mode will propagate, and find the range of frequencies over
which the m = 1 mode will propagate.
mπ c 1π c π × 3 × 108 3π
ωc1 = = = = 1010
nd ε r′ d 2.1 × 10 −2 2.1
ωc1 3π × 1010
f c1 = = = 1.03 × 1010 Hz = 10 × 3 GHz
2π 2π 2.1
10.3 GHz < f < 20.6 GHz

Ex. 2 (7)
A parallel-plate transmission lines has plate separation d = 1cm, and is filled
with teflon having ε’r = 2.1. The operating wavelength is λ = 3mm. How many
waveguide modes will propagate?
−3
2 nd −3 2 2.1 × 10 × 10
λcm = → 2 × 10 <
m m
2 2.1 × 10
→m< = 14.5
2

x (8)
E H
H kx E kx
kl kl
z
TE TM
E ys = E0e − jk l .r − E0e − jk x .r
κm
k l = κma x + βma z λ kl
k x = −κ m a x + β m a z
r = xa x + za z
− jκ m x jκm x − jβm z θm
→ E ys = E0 (e −e )e
− jβm z βm
= 2 jE0 sin(κ m x)e = E0' sin(κ m x)e− jβm z
(9)
E ys = E0 (e− jκ m x − e jκ m x )e− jβm z
= 2 jE0 sin(κ m x)e− jβm z = E0' sin(κ m x)e− jβm z
→ E y ( z, t ) = Re[E yse jωt ] = E0' sin(κ m x)cos(ωt − β m z )
2
nω  ωcm 
βm = 1−   → − j | β m |= − jα m
c  ω 
If ω < ωcm
 E ys = E0' sin(κ m x )e −α m z
→
 E ( z , t ) = E0' sin(κ m x )e −α m z cos ωt
(10)2
nω  ωcm  n
βm = 1−   = ω 2
− ω 2
 ω 
cm
c c
ω < ωcm
2
nωcm ω 2π n  λcm 
2
n  
→ αm = ωcm − ω =
2 2
1−   = 1−  
c c  ωcm  λcm  λ 
 mπ   mπ c   mλ 
θ m = arccos   = arccos   = arccos  
 kd   ω nd   2 nd 
mπ c
ωcm =
nd
ωcm λ
→ cos θ m = =
ω λcm
(11)
ωcm λ
cos θ m = = κm
ω λcm λ kl
nω
βm = k sin θ m = sin θ m
c
ω c θm
v pm = =
β m n sin θ m
βm
 2
−1 d βm d  nω  ωcm  
vgm = = 1−  
dω dω  c  ω  
 
ω 
2
c c
→ vgm = 1 −  cm  = sin θ m
n  ω  n
Equation
7. Optical Fiber
Parallel - Plate Guide Analysis Using the Wave Equation (1)
∇2 Es = − k02E s
κm
→ ∇ 2 E s = − k 2E s , k = nω /c λ kl
∂ 2 E ys ∂ 2 E ys ∂ 2 E ys
→ + + + k 2
Eys = 0
∂x 2
∂y 2
∂z 2
∂ 2 E ys θm
= 0
∂y 2
E ys = E0 fm ( x)e− j βm z βm
d 2 f m ( x)
→ + ( k 2
− β 2
) f ( x ) = 0 d 2
f m ( x)
dx 2 m m
→ 2
+ κ m f m ( x) = 0
2
k − βm = κm
2 2 2 dx
→ fm ( x) = cos(κ m x) + sin(κ m x)
z
E ys = E0 fm ( x)e− j βm z x d
f m ( x) = cos(κ m x) + sin(κ m x)
Ey = 0 → f m ( x) = sin(κ m x) ε y
x =0
mπ
Ey = 0 → κm =
x =d d
m =2
 mπ x  − j βm z
→ E ys = E0 sin  e
m =1 m =3
 d 

κm
 mπ x  − jβ m z λ
E ys = E0 sin  e
kl
 d 
ωcm
cos θ m =
ω →β =0
m
If ω = ωcm θm
2nπ
→ κm = k =
λcm βm
mπ
κm = z
d
mπ 2nπ mλcm
→ = →d = d
d λcm 2n x
 mπ x   2nπ x 
→ E ys = E0 sin   = E0 sin  
 d  λ
 cm  ε y
z
∇× Es = − jωµ H s
d
x
 mπ x  − j βm z
E ys = E0 sin  e
 d 
ε y
∂E ys ∂E ys
→ ∇× Es = az − ax
∂x ∂z
= κ m E0 cos(κ m x)e− j βm z a z + j β m E0 sin(κ m x)e − j βm z a x
 ∂E z ∂E y   ∂E x ∂E z   ∂E y ∂E x 
∇× E =  −  ax + −  ay + −  az
 ∂y ∂z   ∂z ∂x   ∂x ∂y 
∇× Es = κ m E0 cos(κ m x)e− j β z a z + j β m E0 sin(κ m x)e − j β z a x
m m
∇ × E s = − jωµ H s
 βm − jβ m z
H =
 xs ωµ 0 E sin(κ m x ) e

→
 H = j κ m E cos(κ x)e− j βm z
 zs ωµ 0 m
H = H .H
s
ˆ = H Hˆ + H Hˆ
s s xs xs zs zs
E0
( )
1/2 1/2
→ Hs = κ m2 + β m2 sin (κ m x) + cos κ m x 
2 2
ωµ  
κ m2 + β m2 = k 2 , sin 2 (κ m x) + cos 2 κ m x = 1
kE0 ω µε E0
→ Hs = = =
ωµ ωµ η
Equation
7. Optical Fiber
Rectangular Waveguides (1)
∂ 2 E ys ∂ 2 E ys ∂ 2 E ys y
+ + + k 2 E ys = 0
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2
∂ 2 E ys ∂ 2 E ys
→ + + (k 2 − β mp
2
) E ys = 0 b
∂x 2 ∂y 2 x
− jβ z
→ E ys = E0 fm ( x ) f p ( y )e mp
a
− j βm 0 z mπ
E ys = E0 sin(κ m 0 x)e , κ m0 =
a y
β m0
H xs = − E0 sin(κ m 0 x ) e− jβ z m0
ωµ b
κ
H zs = j m 0 E0 cos(κ m 0 x )e − jβ m 0 z
ωµ
x
κ m2 0 + β m2 0 = k 2
mπ c a
ωc (m0) =
na Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 34
Rectangular Waveguides (2)
y
b
x
− j β0 p z pπ a
E xs = E0 sin(κ 0 p y )e , κ0 p =
b
β0 p − j β0 p z
y
H ys = E0 sin(κ 0 p y )e
ωµ
b
κ0 p − jβ
E 0 cos(κ 0 p y ) e
z
H zs = − j 0p
ωµ
pπ c x
ωc (0 p ) = a
nb
Equation
7. Optical Fiber
Planar Dielectric Waveguides (1)
n2
n1 x
d
n2 n2 d/2
n1 z
n2 –d/2

n2 θ2 k2l
θ1 ≥ θc = arcsin n2
n1
n1
− jk 1 l .r − jk 1 x .r θ1 k1x k1l
E y1s = E0e ± E0e
d d
−
<x<
2 2 k2x n2
where k1l = κ1a x + β a z k1 k1l
k1x = −κ 1a x + β a z θ1
k2 k2l
θ2
β β
r = xa x + za z
 E y1s = E0 [e jκ1x + e− jκ1 x ]e − j β z = 2 E0 cos(κ1x )e − j β z

→
 E y1s = E0 [e jκ1x − e − jκ1 x ]e− j β z = 2 E0 sin(κ1x )e − j β z


− jk 2 .r − jκ 2 x − j β z θ2 k2l
E y 2s = E02e = E02 e e n2
n1
κ2 = − jγ 2 θ1 k1x k1l
γ 2 = jκ 2 = jn2 k0 cos θ 2
1/ 2
 n 2  k2x n2
= jn2 k0 (− j)  1  sin 2 θ1 − 1 k1 k1l
 n2   k2 k2l
  θ1 θ2
β β
 d
E y 2s = E02e−γ 2 ( x−d / 2) e− j β z  x > 
 2 
 d
E y 2s = E02eγ 2 ( x+d / 2) e− j β z  x < − 
 2
n2
n1
m =2
m =1 m =3
n2

 − jβ z  d d
 E 0 c cos(κ1 x ) e −
 2 < x < 
  2 
 d  d
Esc ( even TE) =  E0c cos(κ1 )e −γ 2 ( x −d / 2)e − j β z  x > 
 2  2 
 d γ 2 ( x + d / 2) − j β z  d
 0c
E cos(κ1 )e e  x < − 
 2  2 
 − jβ z  d d
E sin(κ x ) e −
 2 < x <
 0l 1
 2 

 d  d
Esl (odd TE) =  E0l sin(κ1 )e −γ 2 ( x −d / 2)e − j β z  x > 
 2  2
 d γ 2 ( x +d / 2) − j β z  d
−
 0lE cos(κ 1 )e e  x < − 
 2  2
k0 d n12 − n22 ≥ (m − 1)π (m = 1, 2,3,...)
k0 d n12 − n22 < π → λ > 2d n12 − n22

Ex. 1
A symmetric dielectric slab waveguide is to guide light at wavelength λ = 1.30
μm; the slab thickness is d = 5,00 μm; the refractive index of the surrounding
material is n2 = 1.450. Determine the maximum allowable refractive index of
the slab material that will allow single TE and TM mode operation.
λ > 2d n12 − n22
 λ 
2 2
 1.30 
→ n1 <   + n2
2
=   + 1.4502
= 1.456
 2d   2 × 5.00 

Equation
7. Optical Fiber
Optical Fiber (1)
Exs ( ρ ,ϕ , z) = ∑ Ri ( ρ ) Φ i (ϕ ) exp( − j β i z )
i
∇ E s = −k 2E s
2
n2
1 ∂  ∂ 2 Exs  1 ∂ 2 E xs n1
→  ρ  + 2 + − β ) Exs = 0
2 2
( k
ρ ∂ρ  ∂ρ  ρ ∂ϕ 2
b a
ρ 2 d 2 R ρ dR 1 d 2
Φ
→ + + ρ 2 2
( k − β 2
) = −
R dρ2 R dρ Φ dϕ 2
ℓ2 ℓ2
 d 2Φ 2 cos(ℓϕ + α )
 2 +ℓ Φ =0 Φ (ϕ ) = 
 dϕ sin(ℓϕ + α )
→
 d 2
R 1 dR  ℓ 2 
+
d ρ 2 ρ dρ +  k 2
− β 2
− 2 R = 0
 ρ  Φ (ϕ ) = cos( ℓϕ )

Optical Fiber (2)
 d 2Φ 2
 2 + ℓ Φ = 0 → Φ (ϕ ) = cos(ℓϕ )
 dϕ
 2
 d R 1 dR  ℓ 2  n2
+
 d ρ2 ρ d ρ +  k 2
− β 2
− 2R=0 n1
  ρ 
b a
Define β t = k 2 − β 2
 β = n 2k 2 − β 2 (ρ < a )
βt = 
t1 1 0

β
 t2 = n 2 2
k
2 0 − β 2
(ρ > a )
 AJ ℓ ( βt ρ ) β t real
→ R( ρ ) = 
 BKℓ ( βt ρ ) βt imaginary
Optical Fiber (3)
1
J 0 ( βt ρ )  AJ ℓ ( β t ρ ) β t real
R( ρ ) = 
 BK ℓ ( β t ρ )
0,8
β t imaginary
0,6
0,4
J1 ( βt ρ )
0,2
– 0,2
– 0,4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Optical Fiber (4)
4
 AJ ℓ ( β t ρ ) β t real
R( ρ ) = 
3.5
3
 BK ℓ ( β t ρ ) β t imaginary
2.5
2 K1 ( β t ρ )
1.5
0.5
K 0 ( βt ρ )
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Optical Fiber (5)
1
0,8 J 0 ( βt ρ )
0,6
n2
J1 ( β t ρ ) n1
0,4
0,2 b a
0
– 0,2 4
3.5
– 0,4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 3
2.5
K1 ( βt ρ )
2
 AJ ℓ ( β t ρ ) β t real
K 0 ( βt ρ )
1.5
R( ρ ) = 
 BK ℓ ( β t ρ ) β t imaginary
1
0.5
00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Optical Fiber (6)
 AJ ℓ (β t ρ ) β t real
R( ρ ) = 
 BKℓ ( β t ρ ) β t imaginary
n2
Define u = a βt1 = a n12k02 − β 2 n1
b a
Define w = a β t 2 = a β 2 − n22k02
 E0 J ℓ (u ρ / a ) cos(ℓϕ )e − j β z ρ ≤a
→ Exs = 
 E0 [ J ℓ (u )/ Kℓ ( w)] K ℓ (wρ /a ) cos(ℓϕ )e
− jβ z
ρ≥a
1 ˆ s ] = 1 Re[ Exs × Hˆ ys ] = 1 Exs 2

S z , avr = Re[E s × H
2 2 2η
Optical Fiber (7)
1 ˆ s ] = 1 Re[E xs × Hˆ ys ] = 1 Exs 2
S z , avr = Re[Es × H
2 2 2η
n2
 uρ  2
Iℓ m = I 0 J ℓ2   cos (ℓϕ ) ρ ≤a n1
 a  b a
2
 J ℓ2 (u)  2  wρ  2
Iℓ m = I 0  cos (ℓϕ ) ρ ≥a
 K (w)  ℓ  a 
K
 ℓ 

Optical Fiber (8)
(∇ × Es1 ) z ρ =a
= (∇× E s 2 ) z ρ =a
 E0 J ℓ (u ρ /a ) cos(ℓϕ )e − jβ z n2
Exs =  n1
 E0 [ J ℓ (u )/ Kℓ ( w)] K ℓ (wρ /a ) cos(ℓϕ )e
− jβ z
b a
J ℓ −1(u ) w K ℓ −1(w)
→ =−
J ℓ (u ) u Kℓ ( w)
→ J ℓ−1 (Vc ) = 0
Define V = u 2 + w2
u=a n12k02 − β 2 → V = ak0 n12 − n22
w= a β 2 − n22k02

Optical Fiber (9)
1
Vc (11) = V m =1, ℓ =1
= 2.405 → J ℓ −1(Vc ) = 0
0,8
→ V < Vc (11) = 2.405

0,6
2π a
→ λ > λc = n12 − n22
0,4 2, 405
0,2
– 0,2
J1(βt ρ ) J 0 ( βt ρ )
– 0,4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Equation
7. Optical Fiber
z
Basic Antenna Principles (1)
I = I0 cos ωt
d
µ [J ] µ[ I ]dL µ[ I ]d I
A=∫ dv = ∫ = az
V 4π R 4π R 4π R µ I 0 d − jω R /v
→ Azs = e y
  R  4π R
[I ] = I0 cos ω  t −  x
  v 
→ [ I s ] = I0e − jω R /v
z Azs –Aθs
 Ars = Azs cos θ  µ I 0d − jωr /v

A =
 rs 4π R cos θ e

 Aθ s = − Azs sin θ → 
A = 0  A = − µ I 0d sin θ e − jωr /v Ars
 ϕs  θ s 4π R r P(r, θ, φ)
θ y
µ I 0d
Ars = cosθ e − jωr / v
4π R
µI d
Aθ s = − 0 sin θ e− jωr /v
4π R
Aϕ s = 0
B s = µ H s = ∇× A s
1  ∂ ( Aϕ sin θ ) ∂Aθ  1  1 ∂Ar ∂(rAϕ )  1  ∂(rAθ ) ∂Ar 

∇ ×A =  −  r
a +  −  θ
a +  −  aϕ
r sin θ  ∂θ ∂ϕ  r  sin θ ∂ϕ ∂r  r  ∂r ∂θ 
 1 ∂ 1 ∂Ars I0d  ω 1
 Hϕ s = ( rAθ s ) − → Hϕ s = sin θ e− jωr /v  j + 2 
→ µ r ∂r µ r ∂θ 4π  vr r 
H = H = 0
 rs θs
I0 d  ω 1 
Hϕ s = sin θ e − jω r /v  j + 2 
4π  vr r 
H rs = Hθ s = 0
∂D
∇ ×H = → ∇ × H s = jωε Es
∂t
1  ∂ ( Hϕ sin θ ) ∂Hθ  1  1 ∂Hr ∂ ( rHϕ )  1  ∂ (rHθ ) ∂H r 
∇×H =  −  r
a +  −  θ
a +  −  aϕ
r sin θ  ∂θ ∂ϕ  r  sin θ ∂ϕ ∂r  r  ∂r ∂θ 
 1 1 ∂  I0d − jω r /v  1 1 
 Ers = ( Hϕ s sin θ )  Ers = cos θ e  + 3
 jωε r sin θ ∂θ  2π  ε vr
2
jωε r 
→ →
E = 1  1 ∂  I0d − jωr /v  jω 1 1 
−  θ
 Eθ s = 4π sin e  2 + +
 (rHϕ s )
 θ s jωε  r  ∂θ 3
  ε v r ε vr
2
jωε r 

I0 d  ω 1 
Hϕ s = sin θ e − jω r /v  j + 2 
4π  vr r 
I0 d − jω r /v  1 1 
Ers = cos θ e  + 3
2π  ε vr
2
jωε r 
I 0d − jωr / v  jω 1 1 
Eθ s = sin θ e  2 + + 3
4π  ε v r ε vr
2
jωε r 
ω = 2π f , f λ = v, v = 1/ µε , η = µ /ε
 2π 1 
 Hϕ s = 0 sin θ e − j 2π r/λ  j
I d
+ 2
 4π  λr r 

 I 0 dη − j 2π r /λ  1 1 
→  Ers = cos θ e  2 + 3

 2 π  r j 2π r 

 E = I 0 dη sin θ e − j 2π r/λ  j 2π + 1 + λ 
 θs 4 π  λ r r 2 j 2π r 3 
  
I0d − j 2π r / λ  2π 1 
Hϕ s = sin θ e  j + 2
4π  λr r 
Ex: I 0d = 4π , θ = 90o , t = 0, f = 300 MHz, v = 3.108 m/s, λ = 1 m
 2π 1  − j 2π r
→ Hϕ s =  j + 2 e
 r r 
2
 2π  1
→ Hϕ =   + 4 cos{[arctg(2π r ) − 2π r ]}
 r  r
cos( a − b) = cos a cos b + sin a sin b
cos[arctg( x)] = 1/ 1 + x 2
1
→ Hϕ = 2
(cos 2π r + 2π r sin 2π r )
r
I0 d  2π 1 
Hϕ s = sin θ e − j 2π r /λ  j + 2
4π  λr r 
Ex. I 0d = 4π , θ = 90o , t = 0, f = 300MHz, v = 3.108 m/s, λ = 1 m
1
→ H ϕ = 2 (cos 2π r + 2π r sin 2π r )
r
Hφ Hφ
2
0 r
1 102
0 r
101

z
 2π 1 
 Hϕ s = 0 sin θ e − j 2π r /λ  j
I d
+ 2 d
 4π  λr r  I

 I 0 dη − j 2π r / λ  1 1  y
 Ers = cosθ e  2 + 3
 2 π r j 2π r 
x

 E = I 0 dη sin θ e− j 2π r /λ  j 2π + 1 + λ  z
 θs 4 π  λ r r 2 j 2π r3 
  
 I0 d − j 2π r /λ aφ
H
 ϕs = j sin θ e
θ
2λ r y

→ Ers = 0 → Eθ s = η Hϕ s r
 I 0dη φ ar
Eθ s = j sin θ e − j 2π r /λ aθ
 2λ r x
 I 0d − j 2π r /λ
H
 ϕs = j sin θ e
2λ r

 E = j I0 dη sin θ e − j 2π r /λ
 θ s 2λ r
θ Eθ s

I 0d
Hϕ s = j sin θ e − j 2π r /λ
2 λr  Eθ = η Hϕ
I0 dη 
→ 2π r 
Eθ s = j sin θ e − j 2π r /λ H = −
I 0d
sin θ sin

ω t −
2λ r  ϕ λ  λ 
 2 r  
Eθ s = η Hϕs
2
 I 0d  2 2π r 
Sr = Eθ Hϕ =   η sin θ sin  ωt −
2

 2 λ r   λ 
2
ϕ =2π θ =π  I d  2π 2 2π r0 
S=∫ S r sin θ dθ dϕ =  η ω
sin  t −
ϕ =0 ∫θ =0 r 0
2 0
λ  λ 
 2 r  3  
2 2
I d π I d
→ Savr =  0  η = 40π 2  0 
 2λ r  3  2λ r 
z
2
2  I 0d  d
Savr = 40π  2λ r  I
 
y
x
1 2
Pavr = I 0 Rradiation
2
2
2 Pavr 2d 
Rradiation = 2 = 80π  
I0 λ 


I Monopole I
Conductor Image I

Contents
I. Introduction
II. Vector Analysis
III. Coulomb’s Law & Electric Field Intensity
IV. Electric Flux Density, Gauss’ Law & Divergence
V. Energy & Potential
VI. Current & Conductors
VII. Dielectrics & Capacitance
VIII. Poisson’s & Laplace’s Equations
IX. The Steady Magnetic Field
X. Magnetic Forces & Inductance
XI. Time – Varying Fields & Maxwell’s Equations
XII. The Uniform Plane Wave
XIII. Plane Wave Reflection & Dispersion
XIV.Guided Waves & Radiation

13 Guided Waves 2014mk

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

13 Guided Waves 2014mk

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nguyễn Công Phương

Guided Waves & Radiation

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 2

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 8

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 9

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 11

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 13

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 14

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 16

TE, π phase shift TM, 0 phase shift

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 17

Phản xạ với dịch pha 0 hoặc π

10.3 GHz < f < 20.6 GHz

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 21

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 22

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 29

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 37

 E y1s = E0 [e jκ1x + e− jκ1 x ]e − j β z = 2 E0 cos(κ1x )e − j β z

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 38

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 40

k0 d n12 − n22 ≥ (m − 1)π (m = 1, 2,3,...)

k0 d n12 − n22 < π → λ > 2d n12 − n22

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 42

λ > 2d n12 − n22

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 43

00 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

1 ˆ s ] = 1 Re[ Exs × Hˆ ys ] = 1 Exs 2

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 51

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 52

→ V < Vc (11) = 2.405

 Ars = Azs cos θ  µ I 0d − jωr /v

1  ∂ ( Aϕ sin θ ) ∂Aθ  1  1 ∂Ar ∂(rAϕ )  1  ∂(rAθ ) ∂Ar 

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 57

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 60

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 62

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 64

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 65

Guided Waves & Radiation - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn 66

You might also like