Dr.

Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology

Orientation for final Anatomy Exam (End of Year)

nd
(2 Year Medical Students-Modular System-New 2023)
Anatomy marks of each module

Date of Exam Module Final Written Exam Marks

11-6-2023 205 50
4-7-2023 206 34
25-6-2023 207 20

Topics of Neuroscience Module NEU (205) (Anatomy marks 50)

The exam consisted of: TOTAL 50 MARK (3 CASES FOR 15 MARK & 7 SAQ FOR 35 MARK)
- Face and scalp - Parotid gland - Infratemporal fossa (Maxillary nerve, maxillary artery,
mandibular nerve) - Muscles of mastication - Tempromandibular joint - Dural venous folds
- Cavernous Sinus - Ophthalmic nerve, artery - Infrahyoid muscles - Carotid sheath
- Sternomastoid muscle and relations - Styloid apparatus - Scalenus anterior and relations
- Triangles of the neck (boundaries and contents) - Submandibular region (Muscles and glands)
- 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 Cranial nerves. - Ansa cervicalis - Pharyngeal arches
- Spinal cord - Brain stem - Interpeduncular fossa - Internal capsule
- White matter of cerebral hemisphere (association, commissural and projection)
- Ventricles (third, fourth and lateral) - Insula - Arterial supply of the brain (Cerebral arteries)
- Circle of willis - Arachnoid mater and subarachnoid cistern - Circulation of CSF

Topics of Digestive and Renal System Module CVS (206) (Anatomy marks 34)
The exam consisted of: TOTAL 34 MARK (1 CASES FOR 4 MARK & 6 SAQ FOR 30 MARK)
- Muscles of anterior abdominal wall and their important features - Rectus Sheath
- Inguinal Ligament and its relations - Inguinal Canal - Testis - Spermatic cord
- Transpyloric plane - Lessar Sac and Epiploic foremen - Greater, lesser Omentum - Stomach
- Duodenum - Mesentery of the small intestine - Difference between jejunum & ileum
- Difference between large & small intestine - Cecum & Appendix - Colic flexures
- Transverse Colon & Mesocolon - Arterial supply of the Colon
- Vessels of the GUT, branches & relations - Portal Circulation and Portosystemic Anastomoses
- Pancreas - Liver - Common bile duct - Gall Bladder - Spleen - Kidney - Suprarenal gland
- Ureter - Abdominal Aorta & IVC (Beg., End, Branches or tributaries)
- Diaphragm - Psoas Major and Quadratus lumborum Muscles
- Development & Anomalies of the stomach - Development & Anomalies of the liver & gall bladder
- Development & Anomalies of the midgut - Development & Anomalies of the Kidney

Topics of (Endocrine & Reproductive System Module END (207) (Anatomy marks 20)
The exam consisted of: TOTAL 20 MARK (1 CASES FOR 5 MARK & 3 SAQ FOR 15 MARK)

- Thyroid gland - Anomalies of development of thyroid gland - Levator ani & Coccygeus muscles
- Pelvic peritoneum and fascia - Internal iliac artery - Rectum & Anal canal
- Urinary bladder & Pelvic part of the ureter - Male urethra - Vas deference - Prostate - Ovary
- Fallopian tube - Uterus - Vagina - Ischiorectal fossa - Pudendal canal - Internal pudendal artery
- Pudendal nerve - Perineal membrane and Perineal body - Deep perineal pouch
- Superficial perineal pouch - Development & anomalies of the urinary bladder
- Development & anomalies of hindgut - Development and anomalies of uterus, vagina.
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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Neuroscience (205)
Problem 1:
A man after exposure to cold, he noticed dribbling of saliva and accumulation of food in the vestibule of mouth cavity:
a. Mention which nerve was affected.
b. Explain the condition.
c. Why there was accumulation of food in the vestibule of mouth cavity.
d. What type of neuron affection?
e. What are other signs of affection?
Answer:
a. Facial nerve.
b. Edema at Stylomastoid foramen compressing the facial nerve.
c. Due to paralysis of buccinator muscle.
d. LMNL.
e. Deviation of the mouth to the same side.
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Problem 2:
A young man was hit on his head during car accident with affection of consciousness. X ray was done and a fracture at
the region of pterion was diagnosed.
a. Which artery is suspected to be injured?
b. What is the type of hemorrhage?
c. How does this artery enter the cranial cavity?
d. Enumerate its terminal branches.
e. Mention two other branches.
Answer:
a. Middle meningeal artery.
b. Extradural hemorrhage.
c. Foramen spinosum.
d. Anterior and posterior.
e. Superior tympanic and anastomatic branch.
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Problem 3:
A 65- years old man had right-sided heart failure as he lied in bed for examination the physician noticed engorged
external jugular vein.
a. Why the external jugular vein was engorged?
b. Give the surface anatomy of this vein.
c. How does it begin?
d. How does it end?
e. Name two of its tributaries?
Answers:
a. Due to back pressure from the right side of the heart.
b. From angle of mandible to midclavicular point.
c. By union of posterior division of retro-mandibular vein and posterior auricular vein.
d. In the subclavian vein
e. Anterior jugular, suprascapular and transverse cervical veins.
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Problem 4:
A 10- years-old boy fell off his bicycle and had a scalp wound with profuse bleeding although the wound was very small.
a. Why did the scalp bleed profusely?
b. Name two arteries supplying the scalp in front of the auricle of ear.
c. Name two arteries supplying the scalp behind the auricle of ear.
d. In which layer, the vessels of the scalp lie?
e. What is the dangerous layer of the scalp?
Answers:
a. Because the walls of the arteries are fixed to the fibrous septa preventing their contraction.
b. Supraorbital, supratrochlear and superficial temporal arteries.
c. Posterior auricular, occipital arteries.
d. In connective tissue layer.
e. Sub-aponeurotic layer because infection may spread from it to cranial cavity via the emissary veins in it.
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Problem 5:
A 65 years old man with a sudden fainting attack. In the hospital the condition was diagnosed as a thrombus occluding
the posterior cerebral artery.
a. Give the origin of this artery
b. What are the main cortical areas affected?
c. Name two branches of the affected artery.
d. Give two central branches of the affected artery.
e. Name the artery which connects it to the internal carotid artery.

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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Answers:
a. It arises from the basilar artery.
b. The whole visual cortex, the center of smell in the uncus.
c. Branches to tentorial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, and to the occipital lobe.
d. It gives central branches to anterior part of thalamus, Most of the midbrain, mammilary bodies and pineal gland (any two).
e. Posterior communicating artery.
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Problem 6:
A man with a direct hit to the back of his head with loss of consciousness. After few days he complained of loss of
balance and inability to control the active voluntary movement.
a. What is the possible organ affected?
b. Give its functions.
c. Name two of its main nuclei.
d. Name two arteries supplying it.
e. Name two of its fissures.
Answers:
a. Cerebellum
b. It keeps balance, coordination of the motor movement.
c. Dentate and fastigeal nuclei.
d. Posterior inferior cerebellat artery-Anterior inferior cerebellar artery-Superior cerebellar artery (any two)
e. primary fissure and secondary fissure
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Problem 7:
A young male with neck rigidity. The doctor advised him to do a lumbar puncture to examine the CSF.
a. Mention the best site for puncture? Why?
b. Give the level of spinal cord termination in the adult.
c. Give the level where the spinal dura ends.
d. What is the cauda equina.
e. Give the level where the spinal arachnoid ends.
Answers:
a. Levels of L3/L4 and L4/L5 intervertebral discs - To avoid injury of spinal cord.
b. At the level of L1/L2 intervertebral disc.
c. It ends at the level of S2 vertebra.
d. Bundle of spinal nerves formed by lower lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves.
e. At the level of S2.
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Problem 8:
A 55 years old man was admitted to the hospital with paralysis and loss of sensation of the left lower limb. The case was
diagnosed as a thrombotic vascular cortical lesion of the brain.
a. Which cortical area was affected?
b. Name the artery supplying this area.
c. On which cerebral surface this area lies?
d. Name the type of motor lesion?
e. Name the side of the brain which was affected.
Answers:
a. Paracentral lobule.
b. Anterior cerebral artery.
c. On the medial surface.
d. Upper motor neuron lesion.
e. Right side.
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Problem 9:
A 58 years old female presented with hemiplegia on the right side and paralysis of eye muscles on the left side. By
examination, the lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles of the left eye were not affected.
a. At which level is the lesion?
b. On which side is the lesion?
c. Which cranial nerve is affected?
d. What is the nerve supply of lateral rectus muscle?
e. What is the name of the syndrome?
Answesr:
a. Midbrain.
b. Left side.
c. Oculomotor nerve.
d. Abducent nerve.
e. Weber’s syndrome.

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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Problem 10:
A 55 years old female was admitted to the hospital with incoordination of movements and the diagnosis was cerebellar
ataxia.
a. Name the nuclei of the cerebellum.
b. How is it connected to brainstem?
c. Name the artery supplying the superior surface of the cerebellum and mention its origin.
d. Name 2 arteries supplying the inferior surface of the cerebellum and mention the origin of each.
e. Mention the functional divisions of the cerebellum.
Answers:
a. Dentate, Fastigial and Interpositus
b. By 3 cerebellar peduncles (superior for midbrain, middle for pons and inferior for medulla oblongata).
c. Superior cerebellar artery, a branch from basilar artery.
d. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, a branch from basilar artery.
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, a branch from vertebral artery
e. Vestibular part (archicerebellum)-Spinal part (paleocerebellum)-Cerebral part (neocerebellum)
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Problem 11:
A 60 years old man was admitted to the hospital and was diagnosed as lateral medullary syndrome.
a. What do you expect to find concerning sensations below the head.
b. What happened to the sensations of head and neck.
c. Do you expect any motor affection.
d. What is the name of the artery affected?
e. What is the origin of the artery affected?
Answers:
a. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations.
b. Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature.
c. Paralysis of muscles of pharynx, larynx and palate.
d. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
e. Branch from vertebral artery.

Digestive and Urinary Systems (206)

Problem 1:
A male patient with severe colic in the loin radiating to groin and external genitalia on radiograph shows a stone in the
right ureter.
a. Mention two sites for impaction of the stone?
b. Mention where can you locate stone ureter in the X-ray?
c. How does the ureter enter the pelvic cavity?
d. How does the ureter end?
e. How is the ureter related to the broad ligament?
Answer:
a. Pelvi ureteric and intramural parts.
b. At the tips of transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and ischial spine.
c. By crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery.
d. Intramural part in the posterior superior angle of the urinary bladder.
e. It passes below the root of the broad ligament.
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Problem 2:
A 20-years- old girl was admitted to the hospital complaining of severe pain which starts around the umbilicus, then
settled in the right iliac fossa and vomiting the patient keeps the right hip flexed. Condition was diagnosed as acute
appendicitis.
a. Mention two common positions of the appendix.
b. Give the surface anatomy of it base.
c. How does a surgeon identify the base of appendix during surgery?
d. Name its artery and give its origin.
e. Why does the patient flex his night hip?
Answer:
a. Pelvic and retroceacal,
b. Mc Burney's point (At Junction of the medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3 of a line extending between umbilicus and right anterior
superior iliac spine.)
c. By following the teniae coli of the caecum as they converge at base of the appendix.
d. Appendicular artery from ileocolic artery.
e. Due to irritation and spasm of psoas major muscle.