MELTING AND BOILING

POINT OF SUBSTANCES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES : The learner will be able to
-describe the melting and boiling point of a substance.
-identify a substance knowing the melting and boiling point from a data book.
Name the physical state given the melting and boiling point of a substance
 MELTING POINT
It is the temperature at which a substance melts or change
to liquid.
The melting point depends on the strength of the forces
that hold the particles in a regular manner.
The stronger these forces, the more energy is needed to
make the solid melt and the higher the melting point.
 BOILING POINT
It is temperature at which a liquid boils.
The boiling point of a substance depends on the
strength of the forces holding the particles in the
liquid.
The stronger the forces, the more energy is needed
to separate the particles and the higher the boiling
point
The melting point and the boiling point of a substance
can be used to IDENTIFY a substance. If the substance
has a SHARP melting point, then it is not mixed with
any other substance and it is a PURE SUBSTANCE.
A pure substance is a single substance.
If a substance melts over a range of temperatures,
then it is a mixture of a substance. Presence of
impurities in a solid LOWERS its melting point.
If a liquid has a sharp boiling point, then it is a pure
substance.
If a liquid boils over a range of temperature, then it is a
mixture of substances(an impure substance)
The presence of impurity in a liquid RAISES the boiling
point of a liquid.
When common salt(sodium chloride) is added to water, its
boiling point is slightly above 100 degrees Celsius.
The boiling point of pure water is 100 degrees Celsius.
A table of melting and boiling points of some
common substances
Substance Melting point Boiling point
Nitrogen -210 -196
Water 0 100
Iron 1538 2861
(NB) The melting and boiling points are in degrees
Celsius.)
(1)Which substance is a gas at 10 degrees Celsius?
(2) Which substance is a solid at 100 degrees Celsius?
(3)What is the physical state of nitrogen at -200
degrees Celsius?
(4) Which substance is a liquid over the smallest range
of temperatures?